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w w X Y Z j The old fort which Washington occupied TLERS.” with his troops while the British held I Philadelphia is still plainly visible on the :em-y Cunreds I summit of the hill. It overlooks a wide Pa. stretch of country, and Chestnut Hill is ".Some Regarding Thone separated from it by a deep valley, across Kundersti'_ __-._-.j-_-_if. V-.is the title of an which the British were obliged to travel interesting pamphlet, prepared by Henry C, in order to reach the fortifications. The Conrad,: and issued from the press of W. large stone building used by Washington Costa of this city. The little book contains as his headquarters is still standing in 128 pages, is nicely printed on fine paper, and is an ejegaftt souvenir of the sturdy ancestor Upper Dublin township, near by. The of the nearly 1600 descendants whose names Continental army was encamped there appea r on its pages.- • from October 20 to December 11, 1777,. The record of-Thones Kunders’s childreu’ap when they proceeded on their march to pearmg in the Book is that of the children of I Valley Forge, to go into winter quarters. his youngest son, Henry Cunreds, of whom General Lafayette’s headquarters, a large the-author is a descendant of the fourth gen¬ eration. stone building of about the same dimensions ( ThOnes Kunders came to. America from as that occupied by Washington, is also Crefeld, Germany,' in 1683. In the spring of near at hand, on the east side of the North that year William Penn sold a track of about Penn Railroad. Camp Hill, on the oppo- 18,006'acres of iand’tO'sfx eitizens of Crefeld, | site side of the river, was once the site of of whom Thones Kunders was one. In July, 1683, the first German colonists, to settle in the encampment of the Continental army. Pennsylvania sailed-from Crefeld in the ship An old frame barn, recently destroyed by Concord. There were thirteen men and their fire, was brought into service in those try¬ families, making a company of thirty-three ing times as a temporary hospital, and the persons. The land which they had purchased remains of many of the wounded soldiers was in the neighborhood of Germantown, now died there were said to be buried in the a part of Philadelphia, and the colonists were adjoining field. the founders of that village. The colonists were principally members of The country for several miles around the Society of Friends and the history of their Fort Washington is rich in historical in¬ early life in America, of the division of their cidents pertaining to the Revolution. Many lands by lot, their homes in “caves,” which of the buildings that did service in sh el- were not unlike the Kansas dugout, the build- tering the suffering soldiers in Washing¬ iugs of meeting houses and of their industry ton’s army are still standing as monuments in reclaiming the wilderness, makes pleasant reading, prepared as it has been, as a labor of to the trying scenes of that period. St. love in honor of his sturdy German ancestors, Thomas’ Episcopal Church, within half a by the author. mile from the old fort, was used by both The list of Henry Cunreds’s children con¬ the British and American armies as a tains the names of a large number of men hospital. The walls of this ancient struc¬ and women, who have achieved honorable ture have been replaced by a mor ) modern distinction in the business and political pro¬ Wi 1 i rt nr - gress of the State of Pennsylvania and of the United States. PENNSYLVANIA FAMILY HISTORY. As increased interest is being taken in A REVOLUTIONARY Pennsylvania history, the narrative of i Brief Sketch of the Surroundings of what the different races that first settled ! Hlstft.^s Fort Washington. j in the colony did to build it up and TJie Independent two weeks ago con¬ carry it into the forms and conditions of fined the following anuon,, •» lent: the state and the mighty commonwealth The Pennsylvania Society oi Sons of the Revolution has erected on the south side which it now is, it seems to us to be a )f the Chestnut Hill turnpike, a short dis- good time to urge on Pennsylvanians the ;ance south of Fort Washington, a heavy I ;ranite shaft, bearing the inscription: benefits to be derived from each family ‘About 7C0 feet south of this stone is an keeping v record of its origin and growth. American redoubt and the site of Howe’s threatened attack, December 6, 1777. As a rule, there is not enough pride in 'rom here Washington’s army marched to preserving records of all kinds among the alley Forge. Erected in 1891 by the 'ennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revo- people of Pennsylvania. In towns the ution.” history of homes, public buildings, In view of the fact that it is the in ten- ; churches, etc., are not as carefully re¬ |tion of the Society to mark several addi-1 corded as they should he, and the fact is tional spots in this historic vicinity by the I 'erection of similar granite shafts, the sub- j often a serious drawback to many public (joined sketch of the surroundings will proceedings, when such efforts of the prove of interest: ■Hp-- • - people are made. It is then chat every- iy is chagrined to discover how little it is of importance that we iey really know of matters which had attention given to family re< of-igjn and made their progress head of every family should kee where they were horn and lived all their sort of a record of its affairs, its lives, simply because no careful record berk, their birth, education and training is made of the transaction. The reason of this is that there is seldom if ever a man did while under the roof of the paternal in a locality who interests himself suffi¬ home. Such a record would prove of in¬ ciently in its progress to note the facts estimable value in more ways than per¬ thereof where they can be preserved, and sonal gratification, and could be often if there is such a person, he often does used in public affairs with the g his work under the belittling disparage¬ possible benefits. ments of people who should encourage him, if they are really what they pose as being, the foremost citizens. , Every family has a history that is worth preserving, in shapes that are accurate and forms that will enable its descendants to read intelligently. The family pride that is jealous of its good name and proud of its membership, can REPRESENTATIVE WOMEN.1 always find enough of events in its EITTSBVRH LEADERS, IN THE EAST growth and progress to be worthy of ...y ■ -i AAD REES EAT, 1A1 ALL EATHS. record, and whenever the records are

carefully kept, we do not care how An Army for Mercy, .Charity Guidos humble such a family may be in social Their Steps from the Lowly Work of llie Good Samaritan lo the Front Hanks ol position or material possessions,the facts the Professions—Women Who Founded are liable to be of service in history or Onr Asylums, Built Our Monuments and Turn Friendless Wails Into Good Citizens. business at some time. Every man has Though Pittsburg has- borne successively a record that ought to be preserved such prosaic names as Gas, Smoke and Irou by himself or some one else, City, all far from suggestive of those gentler, and every family has a history subtler forces supposed to be characteristic of feminine influence in public affairs, a which if fairly preserved can be used for glance at its past history and a daily scan¬ good effects among its descendants or the ning of the newspapers show that woman’s public at large. It is no expense to keep influenoe has all along been tacitly ac¬ knowledged—sometimes with the rather such records—while the labor involved dubious praise of a stinging sense of defeat is as often one of love as of trouble, the on the part of a male opponent in some latter being always lessened where the matter of business, profession or politics records are kept regularly. To show (political races are not all for offices), and that it is not alone to the hearth we must look how careless many American families are forour representative women.There can beyio in this respect, it may be mentioned that doubt but that Pittsburg women are some¬ scores of them in all localities do not what backward in the matter of filling pub¬ even preserve the dates of births and lic positions of honor, profit and emolument; . I but, firstly, it is not matter of history that I deaths of theif members. Such an they were ever offered any, hence that ever | ignoring of family pride is well calcu¬ they refused any; and, secondly, the word lated to sink those who indulge it be¬ “trust” is generally, in public reports, t neath contempt. placed iu contradistinction to those of profit, honor, etc., which speaks volumes in itself. We repeat, then, now that new inter¬ And positions of trust they have and do fill. est is being awakened and taken in the But politics and the race for patronage is acts of civil life and the deeds of military a narrow, though not necessarily a straight struggle, attending the settlement and path, compared to the broad fields of general philanthrophy, education, chanty and the progress of Pennsylvania as a colony and arts, which have been, to a high degree, a commonwealth, by the de- monopolized by the fair, and proliably Adam i. mdants of races concerned therein, will say, the leisureful sex. laid, of the very limited number of Books that | have issued from our work-a-dav and inviting thereto all life clever women j in the city who had wielded a pen. Leas j atmosphere, women’s names have been ap¬ j than 25 responded, all costumed in more or pended to ueavly-all. It may be imagined j less cerulean shades. Table decorations, such a state of aftairs i "carce likely to de¬ menus, invitations, all were blue,while bows velop leading exponei?lli#n any of these of blue were tied on the cbinaware, and blue boutonnieres lav at each plate. The doughty lines, even that of general philanthropy, Mrs. Swisshelm was there and received,with suffering from the universal independence a characteristically pungent address, a pair which characterizes the civitism ot this par¬ '! of blue stockings on a silver waiter. The ticular coiner of the State, being as it were Woman’s Club was virtually organized at an aftergrowth in which women can only be that time, and on its roll are some of the cleverest and best-read ladies of the city. said to participate since Mrs. Schenley’s large gifts made a new era in the city’s his¬ THE GREATEST DONOR. tory. Mrs. Mary E. Schenley, a resident of En¬ gland, is a figure interesting to everybody, SHINING EXAMPLES OF-GENEROSITY. as the greatest donor who has yet held out a In special charities, however, no place has free hand to the city which guards her a greater number or more shining examples wealth and, by its progress, doubles and trebles it. The magnificent park, the sites of systematic and personal generosity, from for the blind institute out Fifth avenue, and theluception over a half century ago of the | the Newsboys’ (more properly work boys’) first, the Ridge Avenue Orphau Asylum, a Home on Old avenue, are three of the great- j detailed account of which was given in The est benefactions that can be accorded a mu- ! nicipality. This lady’s early life is full Times of last Saturday a week, up to the of pretty and, fortunately, happy romance. present time, when there are at least 50 or¬ ganized charities in Pittsburg and its sister Her father was Captain Croglian (pro¬ city. Though the names of those early nounced Crawn), son of a revolutionary asylum workers—Elizabeth F. Denny, Anna officer of Louisville, ICy., and her brother and Elizabeth P. Halsey, Mary Robin¬ was Colonel George Croghan, also a noted son, Mary B. Herron, Elizabeth Tiernan, officer. Her mother’s father was Colonel Mary Wilkins, Marion Young, Margaret O’Hara. When less than 1(J, a bread-and- George, Margaret Bruce, Hannah Higby, butter miss at a boarding school in New Mary A. S. Bird, Susan K. Wade and Isa¬ York, a young English officer, Captain bella Simpson—have, with one aged excep¬ Schenley. saw her in one of the daily tion, Mrs. Smith, nee Herron, long since ! “health reviews” of the pupils and fell in passed away, Shakespeare’s sinister proph- ! love with her. The little miss could do no ecy was not true in their case. Their good less than capitulate to a handsome figure, a was not interred with their bones, but sur¬ brilliant uniform and a good old English vives in fragrant memories in the hearts of name, when many an older belle could not the thousands they befriended; in useful withstand the siege. The young Locbinvar monuments that are the footprinss in the ! was poor, and “lair Ellen” was surrounded paths of Time marking the onward march of 1 by argus-eyed teachers, guardians and these two cities in the journey of humanity; friends. But the old German song: in successors who bear their names, emulate “No moat is so broad, and so high is no wall, their example and seek to contiuue success¬ But two who do love well can cross them for all. fully the works they begun in tribulation. No tempest so cruel, so black is no night. Nor are these the only names evoked from When two’d see thro’ darkness, they’ll And the past, A bare mention of Pittsburg’s means of sight. gifted women would be incomplete without There comes a bright moon beam, there the name at which even now white heads twinkles a star, that have survived the civil war shake with One siezes a lantern, a light shines from j afar; a smile an an “Oh, she was a mighty sharp- ! There finds one a bridge, or a ladder to shooter those times,” Jane Grey Swisshelm, | scale; the pioneer of women journalists! People; When two people love well, they’ll meet love to tell anecdotes of “Jane”—of her I without fail,” forceful character and caustic pen; of her ] tells the whole story of that marriage in husband who tried to keep house, and of her 1842. Witii the exception of a visit to Pitts¬ slippers down at the heel, and black hose burg in 1851, and another in 1858, she and heeled with red flannel; of the roll of manu¬ her husband have since resided continuously script she always carried under her arm and in London in the summer, and Cannes, of her newspaper ventures; of her home life France, in winter. Mrs. Schenley has six in the queer little house out at Edgewooa, | children. where she wrote until her “life was snuff d NOTABLE FIGURES. out,” not so much “by others’ articles” as by her own; of her divorce, her death and Ml'S. Harmar (Elizabeth) Denny, Mrs. that of her daughter Zoe. Judge Jones and Mrs. Lavinia Watts were notable figures in all socio-charitable FOUNDING THE WOMAN’S CLUB. matters. While the good works of the first Among names also closely associated with ceased long ago, when she laid down the the city’s social and material progress are presidencies of the Asylum, the Home for those of Mrs. Captain Schenley and Helen the Friendless and the old Relief Society, P. Jenkins, both living but non-residents. the place of the second is scarce yet filled, The latter, though generally given the so recently has she passed away. Mrs. Jones credit of founding the Woman’s Club, the was a St, Louis womau, and, with the other oldest feminine club in the city, was, with two ladies of this trio, a prime mover in the Mrs. George H. Taylor, a then Boston ar¬ Sanitary Fair, Pittsburg Library Loan rival, in reality one of its earliest projectors. She now lives in Detroit. It was upward of 22 years ago that these two ladies | Representative thought of the unique idea of giving i a “blue” tea at Mrs. Jenkins’s home, i [Continued from Fourth Page.] _MlSS J&Q6 a relative and ”*0 resWe in the city Exhibition, Bazaar of Nations, Chicago Ite- Holmes, who came to rt resides on shortly before her death ana t almost , lief Committee, Centennial lea Baity, Sherman avenue, Allegheny^. ty *Qrk a8 t Monument Fund, &c. She was ain°fPG,e of St. Paul’s annual tea, and one ot the an invalid, is so a°t entangle(J in the minds trio of dainty Atlases who always upheld become continual- » saintiy cousin, and, that leaden sphere, the West Penn Hospi a■ ■ of the public, with]her a .g au un¬ to distinguish them apart, ^ her Circ]e Her daughter Oline is taking up he work. Mrs. Watts’s name is down on ■written rule among Miss Jane, of nearly every board projected by the to speak of the dead lag ^ Jane. It is W. C. A. She was a fine musician, a her survivor as Miss B gave more to charter member of the Home f°r .Aged said the two Holmes other philan- Pittsburg charities than any Couples in Wilkinsburg, treasurer ot the old Freedraen’s Association, manager of the thropist in the city s history. Sanitary Fair, and made the fiist bowl ol l'HE ole belief society. soup sfrved In the Tramp’s Home-one^ The old Belief Society was a well-known | where the Home Hotel now stands Her | charity carried on 7 a ie Tbe public eon- nnuffhter Mrs. Quincy A. Scott, is one ilies along in the sixties. ^ gaid—to *1 25 , for whom such work seems pastime. With tributed about *1 , jt died an a pCt quip and quirk for eveiyone she keeps on “watering plants in the garden of given by ,1th when Se Society for the honorable death w n started by the1 Lord,” an able successor in all her taprovement of th^Pooi, ^ with her 1 mother’s offices. MISS JANE HOLMES. A name which is almost as familiar as Mrs SeTenley’s is that of Jane Holmes ; Miss Holmes was a very wealthv resideut of < Penn avenue, and passed her long liie in Which was san outgrowth ot the the ' Soring the needy and starting or endow- ; latteF^foun dlbg^ au di fneHgible^othe

forme? The boards of the two were at first

neAtlymeTt!on of the name of Mra Koselia

?SCto ® bi! b'TfSf M« the “Home for IncuiaDies, asH»nftfv,a:R l.y l»»dj “VriCnS ‘I’SS’SSt”ty nfA the various charitable boards is Mary Bryan, once called *e lillissa Prisons. Miss Bryan, like^Miss ^ ^

£'y.,s. of 1 s a for a haven of rest for the last days of her brothers and sisters struck with an in- f ^hle rnaladv As the first step she organ¬ now, residing in Oil City. ized ^ board of ladies and presented them beginning of gbeat things. . wfth her country residence, located out The old Episcopal Home at Fortieth tms,s street with its outside air of musty amto- ?»« stieeI’ n rl fi_after one gets past the chilly, WOrkeagfor her and took an affectionate wmrlor crowded with antique furniture pleasure seA thatP would be priceless now but tor the monotony of pl«?*-ttae bj M s Je great school room, where, with almost mm tary precision, one is greeted with a univer ing dedication, she quietly placed her hand sal chorus of; “Good day, Mi Blank, as ’’ F.ndfngesheadkid soon as his nose is poked in the door tne summons upthepatn-

U did sfl'enf unexpected and almost pain- »>rLr&5”” SS“2T*3? f°V^ fofvears Miss Holmes’s bequests also f®redJ the Children’s Hospital on Forbes

thedFriendless the honor of training hund¬ oh Greenwood avenue! the Episcopal Home reds of our little ones who would be otnei Home near Eo^etb street^andjpaiiy^ ^ wise in the beautiful old Holland sense bountyUOISbe°gave upward of *1,000,000 to “children ot the State.” The present home is inadequate to their needs, and it is tne Shoenber>rer bequest which renders Posijbie fhe talk of a new home, for which the Rev. 111 -.vpHHF'. ■ J. A*. Harper, Mrs. B. Fahnestock, Mrs. I Mr. Arundel, of Trinity Church, started the Sara Palmer, Mrs. George Jackson as new public plea after his sermon last Sunday. blood in the work; Home for Aged Men, These ladies are by no means the only active Colored Orphans’ Home, East Liberty Y. members of the board, which includes Mrs. W. C. A., the Christmas Letter Mission, the Ross Johnston, the present president, Miss Union Foreign Missionary Society, the I Harding, the Morgans, the Painters. Mrs. | Committee on Prison Work, the Young W. "H. House and many other prominent Woman’s Boarding Home. One would won¬ women, but they were active in its founda- j der, to see the slight figure and quiet face tion. shaded by old-fashioned gray curls, of the MRS. BRUNOT’S GREAT 'WORK. president of this great association, Mrs. Brunot, how she could, so many years, hold Mrs. Brunot is one about whose works so 1 firmly, through thick and thin—for the ex¬ much could be said and not exhaust the sub- | istence of no great organization is “one ject, and yet who is, despite her years, such great harmony of song"—the reins of an or¬ an active, living agency that to do more ganization with a dozen branches,L00 or so than mention her name seems superfluous. officers and hundreds of thousands in endow- i But her name is almost synonymous with ments. But she is a woman of strong, quick that of the Women’s Christian Association feelings, loyal to the last degree to her own ; and its numerous dependencies, and a slight people; indeed, her loyalty to her own Y. j sketch of it would have the double interest W. C. A. almost swamped the new enter- ■ of being also the story of her early labors. prise of the Central Y. W. C. A., started The association is the third oldest charity in within a year past by an outside set of the city, the first being the Ridge Avenue ladies, with a few exceptions. She knows j Asylum, and the second the Home for the how to rule, and it is no secret that the asso- ' Friendless (50 years). The association is 25 ciation is much of an autocracy, which can years old. Its real inception was in the scarce be regretted in view of the work it Temporary Home for Destitute Women, does. which was opened at 45 Chatham street in April, 1866 Its officers, all of whom were THOROUGHLY REPRESENTATIVE. distinctly charitable women, were Mrs. Bru¬ It was a group of thoroughly representa- not, President; Mrs. W. A. Herron, Vice ' five charitable workers who responded to the President'; Miss Mattie J. Fowler, Secretary; call for a Relief Committee for the Johns¬ Miss Anna Thaw, Treasurer; Miss Lizzie town sufferers in 1889. Foremost among them j Wade, Librarian; Mrs. R. Robinson, Mrs. was Mrs. George A. Kelly, wife of the pres¬ Wm. Vankirk, Mrs. W. P. Logan, Mrs. ident of the Penitentiary Board; Mrs. Wm. F. Woods, Mrs. Caroline Nelson, McCreery, wife of the late president of the Mrs. James Irwin, Mrs. R. W. West Penn Hospital Board; Mrs. James B. Poindexter, Mrs. S. McKee, Mrs. Scott, Mrs. H. C. Campbell, Mrs. Dr. Eliza Loomis, Mrs. Clapp, Miss Jane Easton. Mrs. Scott is president of the Cen¬ Holmes, Managers. Receiving Committees: tral Y. W. C. A.; Mrs. Campbell, For Pittsburg, Mrs. Herron and Miss of the U. P. Woman’s Association, which, Holmes; for Allegheny, Mrs. Poindexter. in scope and the number of its branches, This home was subsequently moved to 929 more nearly approaches the Women’s Penn avenue, where it remained till sold last Christian Association in importance than Saturday. It will be reopened across the any other organization here. Mrs. Easton street from its late location. At the first conducted the “Bureau of Information” of j annual board meeting reports showed the the Relief, and is a handsome woman iu her good the home had done, and the ladies got prime, with considerable literary ability, to discussing its future possibilities with which she turns to the account of mission Evangelist Moody, who was present. The work under a familiar nom de plume. She result of that chat was the organization of is a member of the Woman’s Club, the the Women’s Christian Association, with Travelers’ Club, th.e TJ. P. Association and the same officers as the Home board. They many others. established their headquarters at Wilkins- The leading feature of the United Presby¬ burg, where Mr. Kelly—who, it was terian Women’s Association is their Or¬ said, never could deny a charitable woman, phans’ Home, which was founded about 15 and actually impoverished himself by his years ago by Mrs. Mary S. Fulton, Mrs. E. generosity—had given Mrs. Brunot five acres W. Hill, Mrs. Julia Blair, Mrs. Levi Bird of land for the purpose. Here they built a I Duff, Mrs. J. P. Collins, of the Fourth reformatory for girls, and called it “The United Presbyterian (Allegheny) Church. Sheltering Arms.” It proved inconvenient : The last lady was made president, and the for managerial visits, and, after a vexatious first roll of three little children is now mul¬ lawsuit, they sold it to the new board of the tiplied many times. These United Presby¬ Home for Aged Men, and bought a com¬ terian ladies are among our most interesting fortable old house on Locust street, named it representative women. They are excellent the Christian Home for Women and within business women, brisk workers and always a month found the work prospering, until j successful in what they undertake, as they now it is really their most successful enter- | j “let their light so shine forth” that the char¬ prise. They subsequently attached a hos¬ itably-inclined, as well as those who are not pital to it. Of the 30 members of this origi- ! | so bent, cannot fail to see it. Their Dorcas nal board there are but six ladies left—Mrs. j Day Nurseries are their latest undertakings; Brunot, Mrs. Thomas Mellon, Mrs. Samuel ; and their annual dinners show up some fa- McKee, Miss Kate Holmes, Mrs. Thurston, I mous cooks and caterers, as Mrs. Mattie Pat¬ Miss Tiilie Smith. The 21st anniversary terson, daughter of ex-Mayor Blackmore, was celebrated January 5. and Mrs. Dr. Campbell. A GIGANTIC TASK -WELL DONE. The subject of nurseries calls up the Alle¬ gheny Day Nursery, prior to the Dorcas in I The W. C. A. had set itself the gigantic oint of age, and which has also a colored I task of practicalizing Christianity in the ranch. Mrs. Samuel R. Sloane is perhaps two cities. To systemize their work they or¬ its most representative member, as is Miss ganized boards and erected headquarters for Melinda Pressley, of the Indian Associa¬ each special work. Thus grew up success¬ tion. ively the Home for Aged Women, with Mrs. thought to be Mrl-' shmuel McKee.' ""The HER NAME IN MANY BOARDS. monument subsequently ^ent by popular Reference has been made to Mrs. Samuel vote, to Allegheny City. On Seminary hill McKee, as a pillar of the West Penn Hos¬ it has ever since been we J out of the way of pital, and her name, which started the Hu¬ a demoralizing admiration. mane Society ou its travels, appears in many devoted to good works. board lists, as will be seen. There is no bet- 1 ter representative woman in Pittsburg, in While it seems to be one of the pastimes more ways than one. She is a little body of the average society lady, and few have with the grey curls worn by so many board reached the dignity oi matronhood without ladies and seeming to date to a period of having a pet Board of whicn she is an en¬ their first activity. Her face has the thusiastic officer, and a pet altruism war¬ shrewd look, anc). her eyes twinkle, ranted to contract for her grip or pneumonia which, with most Scotch - Irish in winter or nervous prostration or nay is the index to their character. Where Mrs. fover in the summer, there is a surprisingly McKee cannot turn a penny or beg a sub¬ large number whosejwhole week is absorbed 1 scription for her hospital, finances are at a by attendance on charitable or semi-chari¬ low ebb indeed. And ready aides she had table meetings at the rate of one per day, in Mrs. McCreery, the late Mrs. Jones, and of these a majority make it their whole Mrs. Harper, the Misses Tindle, the Misses business in life outside of household cares. McCreery and a number of other young Among these may be mentioned Mrs. ladies who lend her a hand in hospital work. Wm. A. Herron, president of the Children’s It has been said Mrs. McKee makes the balls Aid, Improvement of the Poor, and New and the ladies throw them, but the fact of Sewing Guild; Mrs. J. B. Scott, president the matter is that she walks up right boldly of the Y. W. C. A.; Mrs. Judge Bredin, of and lavs them under the nose of those they 1 W. C. A.; Mrs. M. F. Reid, of the U. P. are designed for very often herself. The Missionary Society; Mrs. J. P. E. gifts and bequests received through her, Kumler, president of the Presbyterian from the late Mr. Kelly, the late E. W. Missionary Society; Miss Mary Daw¬ Stewart and others, prove she walks as well son, of the Children’s Hospital; Miss Mary as talks. McKee, one ot the founders ot the Fruit A FAMOUS CONTROVERSY. and Flower—one of the elder—Missions; Miss Mary McCandless, secretary of the j Mrs. McKee has two serapJ)jxdfs which Home for Incurables from its beginning till j are one grand compenflftnTTof Pittsburg hear labors as a World’s Fair Com-' history, political, social, charitable and missioner compelled her resignation; Mrs. material. In it are enshrined wills of ! John H. Sawyer, to whose ability as a so¬ philanthropists, letters of notables, pictures licitor tne West Penn owes the new Phipps’ of landmarks now no more—everything Nurses’ Dormitory; the little group of wo¬ which goes to make tip the imposing term men who started the Deaconess Home move¬ “archives.” Many is the person, from pub¬ ment, the small beginning of which, from a lic official down to reporter, who resorts to suggestion contained in a paper at a Home Mrs. McKee and her scrap book as a last Missionary meeting in the Butler M. E. resort. From it is gleaned the episode of Church by Mrs. C. V. Wilson, less than two one of her many public tilts in “the good years ago, viz : Mrs. AVilson, Mrs. Hukill, cause.” In 1865 a number ot society ladies Mrs. Van Kirk, Mrs. Hanna, Mrs. Marie gave a reception to the Boys in Blue then Louise Bigham, motherofKirk Q. Bigham, home returning. It was such a fine affair who is said to “carry” the little church on that they decided to form an organization Mt. Washington; Mrs. Ross Johnson, an known as the Ladies’ Committee, with official in the Episcopal Home, Woman’s Mrs. McKee president, and with the Exchange and other organization. avowed purpose of raising a fund Mrs. William Thaw and her daughter, to build a monument to the fallen Mrs. W. R. Thompson, are quiet givers, but heroes. Mrs. Jones and Mrs. McKee not very active in organizations. The lat¬ were the prime movers, and, after five ter, by her thoughtful aid, made it possible [ months work, a gigantic fair was given, for the little group who were the nucleus of j with the help of church ladies, which rea¬ the present Y. W. C. A.—Miss Pence, Mrs. lized $25,000. A site was then required. Burchfield, Mrs. Foster, Mrs. Hutchins, Individuals and Councils of the two cities Mrs. Wylie Stephenson and many others stepped forward, and Scotch Hill Market, named in other connections—to form the Allegheny Park, Allegheny Cemetery, Erin Central Y. W. C. A. Mrs. Thaw lives on a [ Hill, Seminary Hill, and a dozen" other high hill above Fifth avenue, and friends [ places were offered. The ladies favored the say she hied hither as the nearest approach cemetery, but a large party of Alleghenians to “a lodge in some wilderness” where beg¬ yearned to add it to ,hat city’s attractions. gars could not come. Bift they come any¬ Foremost among tlie people who beaded the way, or send white wingCd messages. Allegheny party was Mayor Drum, who, with tongue and pen—for the papers were THEIR NAME I^LEGION. drawn into the controversy—bitterlv attacked Miss Kate McKnight is a well-known the ladies’predilection. Mrs. McKee, Mrs. and favorite figure in charitable circles. E. Robinson, Miss M. Fowler and Mrs. The inheritor of the instincts of a Lady John Watt, concocted most of the sharp re¬ Bountiful, her grandmothers being a Denny . plies to the Mayor’s grapeshot. Finally, and a McKnight, she is the head of the Al- i weary of the quarrel and of the immense legheny Helping Hand Society of Working | mail from sympathizers and detractors Girls, an officer of the Health Protective I which they .received, the ladies Association, the Fruit and Flower Mission, published a letter, opening with the manager of the Newsboys’ Sunday the first line of the famous “Burial of Sir School and a member of its board, besides John Moore,” anc which presented the numberless other concerns. spokesman of the pirk party in an unenvi¬ One feels compelled to admit among repre¬ able light The p rk party dissipated in sentative women that loyal little legion of confusion, after mi ny ineffectual attempts brave society dames who stood to their guns to find out the wiiter, who was generally and were not afraid of being called an “anti- T* ffuijpsoci . . WJJBWWVU,*IjMn-W Mrs. A vDuPuy, Mrs. Chambers, Mrs. Irwin, THE LOYAL LEGION. mjy \ ladies named in other connections, amK jBt, but not least, Mrs. Imogene Oakly, ti pWjector. STATE LIBRARIAN EGLE TELLS SOME Ana surely the woman who established a INTERESTING HISTORY. ebrew Orphanage here, and one so widely town for her charities—Mrs. Guskv—may¬ be termed representative. Her generosity is I,in coin's Visit to Harrisburg in Febru¬ of the large-hearted kind which knows no ary, 1861—The Supposed Plot for Assas¬ race nor creed. sination-Other Business at the Meeting Narrower in purpose, yet perhaps more in¬ —Members Elected. tense in efleet, is the work of Mrs. J O. Brown, wife of the Chief of the Department P”b3?° SaFety- ‘Working mostly through' A meeting of the Commandery ot the Methodistio channels, there is scarce a bene- State of Pennsylvania of the Loyal Legion laction ot that sect in the city in which she was held last evening at the Union League has not had a hand, and of Bethesda and the House. Deaconess. Home she is a pillar. She is a | The interest of the meeting,aside from the woman more of Mrs. Brunot’s mould than ; business transacted, centred upon a historl- any other, arid sways her colleagues as her i cal paper read by Dr. William H. Egle, convictions suggest. State Librarian at Harrisburg. The essay ®U!L ^ Mrs. Brunot, Mrs. McKee and referred to the visit of President-elect Lin¬ Mrs. Brown are para.mountly representative coln to Harrisburg on Washington's Birth¬ in one way, Miss Mary Moorhead stands day, 1861, to raise a United States flag on the alone in herpeculiar sphere. Her experiment Stale Capitol. or a religious community at Bethany, which The speaker introduced his subject by comes to grief at regular intervals, is not her saying that the first chapters of the history only benefaction. The Tract Boom and of this State in the war of secession have not Gospel Mission/, as well as the hospitals, yet been written, and recommended that take up some of her time and resources! each member ot the society might prepare Her ‘ experinjent” referred to is the result narrations of his personal experience, which of a dedication of her life to the establish¬ would become the property ot that body. ment of fait h healing as a thank offering for Dr. Egle then described in detail the events which led up to the visit of Mr. Lin¬ her own sr,ddeu and inexplicable cure from years of navalidism. coln to Harrisburg, and ol his visit on the same day to this city to raise a flag at Inde¬ THESE I CAREY LIGHT TO SUFFERERS. pendence Hall. He said that the event cre- j ated great enthusiasm at the State Capitol, The va/rious hospitals have all boards of as, prior to this action, the Stars and Stripes ladies dfevoted to their material good, to were only displayed in backot the Speaker’s name wh om, with few exceptions—such as chair in the hall of the Senate and House, Mrs, Pa.rk Painter, Mrs. T. M. Carnegie, and the event was considered a loyal official Mrs. H erman "Westinghouse, Mrs. Eugene movement. O’Neil l, Mrs. H. S. McKee, Mrs. S. Hamil¬ The speaker then described the celebra¬ ton, M.rs. J. W. Chalfant, Mrs. Jane T. tion, the enthusiasm of the people who Patterson, etc.,—would be but to repeat j crowded into the city, the raising ot the flag name-s given above. by the soldiers of the war of 1812, the ar¬ Nfjr should the little temperance unions rival of President-elect LiucoiD, the speech be fiorgotten. While the Alliance contains j of welcome by Governor Curtin, Mr. Lou- mi^ny already mentioned in connection with coln’s reply, and also the ceremonies at the trite U. P. Association, Mrs. Ellen Watson I Capitol, where Mr. Lincoln was welcomed Mlrs. J. D. Weeks, Mrs. Foster, Mrs. Ham- ‘ by Robert W. Palmer.Speaker ot the Senate, njett, Mrs. William Jones, Mrs. R. H. and by E. W. Davis. «fones, are mostly women notable in the! In describing Mr. Lincoln’s reply to great crusade, and'some of them ot marked | Governor Curtin’s address of welcome Dr. ability in the executive conduct of temper¬ Egle said: “No sooner did the Governor ance work since. To these women the ! close than Mr. Lincoln came forward and prisons unlock their doors, and that fact : the enthusiasm was unbounded, but when j alone proves their discretion of conduct! the President-elect began his reply there and tongue. Mrs. DeHaven and Mrs. was a sudden cessation of the pent-up pa¬ triotism-all listened with rapt attention to Ormsby Phillips may be said to represent every word uttered. As this particular ad¬ colored charitable work. dress has not been preserved in any of the The charitable roll could be prolonged al- ! careiully prepared memoirs of Abraham Lin¬ most indefinitely, and it seems as coln, it is only proper that it should be pre¬ though there would be none left sented in this connection. Mr. Lincoln spoke to work in other channels. Yet there slowly, but with considerable force, and are a number of names which stand out among other things said: “As I have often prominently in the educational, musical, had occasion to say I repeat to you—I am social and art fields, to say nothing of the quite sure I do not deceive myself when I professions, which have not been forgotten. tell yon I bring to the work an honest heart; : And these will furnish interesting material I dare not tell you I bring a head sufficient for I for further consideration. V. D. H. it. If my own strength shall fail I shall at least fall back on these masses, who, I think, under any circumstances, will not fail. I feel that, under God, the strength of the arras and the wisdom of the beaus of these masses, after all, must be my sup¬ port.” Dr. Egle’s paper concluded with a de¬ scription of President-elect Lincoln’s sud¬ den departure from Harrisburg and his trip to Washington secretly on the same night in consequence of the supposed confirma- 4 { - Kiswrhmuhicaa&n 'With the classic ‘ *a,V of a plot that tltia fiat coelum ruat. Js regards the c— SIM made to assassinate him passlDg voteoj John Morton, of the . through Baltimore on his wa StllDg- lion on the Declaration, July 4, 1776, Mon ton on the following day. Dr. __Egle said barns ’ is reipect/ully referred to 1(fnotJ}eTVf*rl °t that several years ago he was In conversa¬ this article, where the fads are fully set forth. A re-perusaiof the article tn your Silvan ^ June tion with an intimate friend of Mr. Dlncoln, 25 1871 and a care/ui examination of the author¬ and a member of his Cabinet, who had ities* therein died, would have dispelled all made an Investigation of the supposed plot doubts In or der to set the question beyond dis- and who gave his opinion that “There ,tl7e% regards the vote of the New York delega- never was a plot or conspiracy formed, ex¬ Uon on the ith of July, 1776. a brief resume of the cept in the Imagination of detectives em¬ authorities therein cited, and a few additional ployed to keep watchful eyes over the doings extracts, all of which are derived from cotempo¬ raneous authorities, are respectfully submitted. of disloyal parties.” The Declaration oj Independence, over the signa¬ At the business session of the Legion Cap¬ ture of John Hancock, in its first publication com¬ tain R. S. Collum, of the Marine Corps, mences with the following unmistakable language: presided. Colonel R. Dale Benson, on be¬ ‘In Congress, July 4 .1776. The_ unanimous half ot the Board of Governors and of the T)friarcUioYi of ths Jhirtctn United States of War Library and Museum, reported that Am^icaJ If New York did not vote on theUh of July, 1776, then John Hancock appended hu thus far over $51,000 had been received for signature to that which he knew to be false. That the Library and Museum. John Hancock subscribed to the truth we have the , The following members were elected: testimony of John Adams, one of the brightest Original First Class—Frederick E. Boden, lights of that Congress, who, in a letter written to George W. Burton, Henry H. Bechtel, Mat¬ his wife, dated July 5, 1776, (Pennsylvania His¬ thew H. Cryer, Edward Campbell, Charles torical Collection, p, 570,) suys: K. Chamberlain, William B. Coleman, Al¬ • • • Yesterday the greatest question was de¬ lred Gawthorp, Henry L. Gilmour, Edward cided which ever was debated la America, and greater, perhaps, never was nor will be Hammann, William L. Harkishelmer, John decided among men, A resolution was R. McClurg, Edward A. Montooth, Alfred passed, without one dissenting colony, that L. Royce, JohnS. Ramsey, George W. Skin¬ these united colonies are, and of right ought ner, Edward L. Schroeder, John Schoon¬ to be, free and Independent States. ’ over, Robert H. Savage, Franklin B. Speak- • ‘And, further, after regretting that the Declara¬ man, James Wren and Wallace B. War¬ tion had not been passed months sooner, concludes ner. ess follows: . ^ M Restored to the roll, Rndulph Ellis, 'Wil¬ • •»lime has been given for the whole people liam A. Olmsted and Charles A. Robinson; maturely to consider the great question of first class, by Inheritance from original Independence, &c., by discussing it In news¬ papers, &o., so that the whole people in every companion, William A. Doughten; first colony or the thirteen have now adopted it as class, by Inheritance from deceased officer, their cum act.? John McConkey, Richard W. Davids, Bev¬ 'This is cotemporaneous proof of the most positive erly R. Keim, Henry Pettit, David B.Shenk, and decidedecided mcharacterL- that John Hancock was William Spencer and Robert D. Coxe; sec¬ right in promulgating the fact that all the thlr ond class, William S. Ashbrook, Samuel A. teen States voted on the ith day of July, A, D. Bonuaftou, Lewis R. Hamersly, Jr., Jo¬ 1776. Prior to August 2, 1776, the Declaration seph W, Huey and John R. White, Jr. hod been engrossed on parchment, and on that day it vjos signed—every one of whom so signing, Froth the Oldest, to the Youngest Historian including Livingston. Morris, and others Of ! in the Country. the New York delegation, certified to the fact that Independence was declared on the 4th of Some months since, Dr. W. H. Egle, re¬ July, 1776, and that it was the unanimous act ceived a note from Hon. George Bancroft, of the thirteen United States of America. (See acknowledging his obligations to. him for anastatic foe simile of the Declaration in Inde¬ pendence Hall.) This is cotemporaneous au¬ : the fullness and accuracy of his History of thority as unimpeachable as the oharaeters of the ! Pennsylvania, a copy of which he had seen, illustrious patriots who signed the document itself. and examined in the Congressional Library r “‘Of the whole number of signers, but at Washington city. Dr. Egle forwarded a forty-eight (48) were members of the Congress i ot July 4, 1776. Some who voted on that day copy of his work to Mr. Bancroft. This in favor of the Declaration were not members [ morning Dr. Egle received, by express, a when it was signed as was the case with ! copy of the centenary edition (G volumes) Henry Wiener of the New York delegation, as | appearb in a letter from Thomas McKean, ; of Bancroft’s History of the United States, one of the signers, to Mr. Dallas of Pennsyl- I with the compliments of the author. This vanla, dated 26th September, 1796,’ (Remem¬ jP is an incident in literary life well worthy of ber date.)—Goodrich's American Biography, page 328. record, as from the oldest to the youngest ■ ‘ This the most skeptical must accept as cotempo¬ historian in the country. raneous. The following is the extract: " ' 1 was personally present in Congress, and voted In favor of inaependenoe on the 4th of .eybiokf: State.— 1 11 Monkbarns, ’ in the July, 1776. Henry Wisner, of the State of New ' issue o/ the Sunday Dispatch of the 16® imt., York, was also in Congress, and voted for in- expresses anxiety to know ' what cotemporaneous dependence. ’ or early authority there is for the statement that John Morion gave the casting vote of the Penn¬ .* ‘ If New York did not vote on the ith of July, sylvania delegation in Congress in favor of Inde¬ 1776, how could Thomas McKean have seen pendence, July 4, 1776,’ and state# that 'he Henry Wisner vote? Thomas McKean was a (John Morion) was Speaker of the House of Rep¬ prominent member of this Congress, afterwards resentatives of Pennsylvania, and signed the in¬ Chief Justice and Governor of Pennsylvania, and structions to the delegation to dissent from and was desei vedly held in the highest repute. In an utterly reject any propositions that might cause or ewegraph letter addressed to a nephew of Cccsar lead to a separation from the mother country, and Rodney, one of the signers from Delaware, bear- j that these instructions had never been revoked. ’ ing date August 22 d, ISIS, (see Book of the Signers, He also suggests that 'if the contributor of by William Brotherhead, page 67,) he says: The Keystone Stale, in your edition of June 2o, ‘' ' I recollect what passed in Congress In the ■ i87i would look at cotemporaneous authority in¬ beginning of July, 1776, respecting indepen¬ stead of Goodrich, Botta, et Id omne genus, he dence. It was not as you have conceived. would find that the New York delegation was On Monday, the 1st of July, the great ques¬ similarly situated, except that its members were tion was taken in committee of the wnole, not instructed and never did vote for or against when the State of Pennsylvania, represented independence. ’ ' Monkbarns ’ informs our un¬ by seven gentlemen then present, voted enlightened community that ‘he is about to pub¬ against it. Delaware, having then only two lish a whole history of the Declaration, ’ ending representatives present, was divided. All the _ _ irst, rhe-Jeog^pmcai pO»l«bfTorifie\ x. ■T bthir'tflates voted in favor of it.r" original thirteen Stales, taken from northeast to After explaining that Jr. sent an express at southwest, or vice versa, resembles an ‘ S, ’ and : | his private' expense for Cwjijar Rodney, the re in nowise approaches the form of an arch; and maming member for Delaware, he states that granting, as has been argued, that the arch was5 he met him at the Slate House door in his merely figurative of the numerical order, what boots and spurs on the morning of the ilh becomes of New Jersey * She is as much the centre of July, 1776, and that without a word on Pennsylvania. • Equality' was a principle. the business, they went into the hall of Con¬ well understood and held sacred by the patriots of ; gress together and found they were among the the RtvoliUion, and no particular pre-eminence [ latest. Proceedings immediately commenced, was asm ibed to our Slate because she was the lar¬ and after a few minutes the great question was ger of the two. Had there been no Declaration of \ _ called, when Rodney, voting with him. (McKean,) Independence, Pennsylvania would never have ' secured the voice of Delaware. Pennsylvania been called the Keystone State: but, fortunately (there being only five members present, Dickin¬ for the came of humanity, there was o Declara- , son and Morris, who before voted in the negative, ticsi and, by reason of the peculiar part she < being absent) voted for it, three to two. 'And,’ played in that political act, whose unanimous continues McKean: adoption startled the world, she gained her en-1 ' ' unanimity in the thirteen States—an all-im¬ vied appellation. 'Keystone State’ has thoroughly portant point on so great an occasion—was thus examined the legion of authorities extant, which obtained. The dissension of a single Slate might mainly agree in establishing the following facts: I have produced very dangerous consequences !’ That on the ith of July, 1776, the Declaration was “And further: voted for and adopted by every colony of the thir¬ teen ; that the New York delegation, contrary to ‘ • ‘ ‘ You may rely on the accuracy of the foregoing the instructions given by the Provincial Congress relation!’ of New York, voted on that day; that the action ’' McKean sets forth these same facts in another taken by that body at While Plains on the 9th of letter to his Excellency, John Adams, dated at July following was a mere confirmation of what Philadelphia, January, 1814 (Niles' Weekly could not be undone; that Pennsylvania wxs the i Register, vol. 12, p. 307.) How, in the face of lost Slate to vote, and that, her delegation being . the foregoing undoubted proof—all of which is equally divided, it fell to the lot of John Morton to ! strictly cotemporaneous—can ' Monkbarns ’ at¬ give the tasting vote, which he did in favor of In¬ tempt to disprove that which, for nearly a cen¬ dependence, thus securing the voice of Pennsyl¬ tal y, has been regarded by every true American vania and the unanimity of the States. By the : os a sacred historical truth ? Surely he does not intrepidity of John Morton the great political com¬ realize the unenviable position he assumes in thus pact was sealed. Immediately after the solemn ; questioning the veracity of such men as John pledge was given to risk lives, fortunes and honor 1 Adams, Thomas McKean, and all the other in sustaining and perfecting their noble work, an ' signers to the glorious Declaration ? No wonder, arch, containing thirteen blocks, representing the then, that Macauley, in his History of the State of thirteen States, was selected as being embtemati- g New York,-(vol 3, p. 232.) corroborates the views cal of the strength of the bond which bound them token above, as do also Andrews' History of the together, as representing the amount of pressure TPor with America, published in London. 1786, vol. they could resist from their enemies, and as also 1 2, p. 217; Ilotta's History of the War of Indepen¬ showing how every block formed a component dence. (translated by Otis.) vol. 2, p. 103; Cabi- part of the structure which never could have been net. Cyclopcedia, published in 1830, vol 1, p. 183- oompleled had its key-stone been withheld. As Pillin' s Civil and Political History of the United the beautiful arch was set in the heavens as a token States published in 1828, vol. 1, pp, 36) and 371 ■ of God's promise to man, just so truly was the Wilson's American History, p 358; George 'arch of Liberty’ emblematical of the unanimous Tic In or Curtis' History of the Constitution of the covenant agreed to by our forefathers in Congress, ■ United Stales, vol. 1 p. 51; Lossing's War of July 4, 1776. ‘Keystone State ' acknowledges that Independence, p. 196; Gordon's History of Penn¬ he is a searcher after truth, the above being a part of what he found in the records of the past. 'Honk-^ sylvania, pxiblished in 1829, p.~537: Woodrich’s barns' will—he musT=- accept the testimony of] American Biography, pages 183 to 203, inclusive ■ Botta, Goodrich, William Allen, Blake, Sander¬ and a host of others. As well might 'Monk- barns attempt to prove that there never was a Con¬ son, Dossing, Dwight, Lieber, Brotherhead, Pit¬ kin, Curtis, Paul Allen, &c., &e., as being as tinental Congress, and that the Declaration of In¬ near the truth as could be gotten. ' Monkbarns ’ dependence was never adopted, as to disprove the is informed that the Adams letters are variously overwhelming testimony herein cited. But should quoted as dated July 3 and July 5, 1776. Many heU ■ Proposed history of the Declaration satisfactorily prove that it was not the unanimous standard histories biographies, &o., refer to them as dated July 5, 1776, including the Pennsylvania Sf* °f the Thirteen Slates in Congress, July 4, Historical Collection, at page 570, wherein Adams y aside the cotemporaneous au¬ thorities above given—then it must be admitted that says: Pennsylvania’s title as the ' Keystone of the Fede¬ ‘ Yesterday a resolution, was passed, with¬ ral Arch is a gross misinterpretation of the adoo- out one dissenting oolony, that ' • these nnited tton of the Declaration of Independence. ’ ’ colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and Independent States,” &c.So that the Jetstone State. — ‘ ‘ When 'Keystone State' whole people In every colony of the thirteen prepared his article, which appeared in the col¬ have now adopted It as their own act. umns of the Dispatch on June 25. his sole object The day is passed. The 4th day ol July, ’ was to give the origin of the term ' Keystone State' Ac,, &c, as applied to this Commonwealth. Having read "He is also informed that 'Keystone State’ is numerous questions in the newspapers, all of which unwilling to doubt the veracity or the memory of were differently answered, and having in vain Thomas McKean, who, not only in one letter, but sought the desired information from those whom in several letters, slates explicitly that Henry Wie¬ he deemed most likely to impart it, he was sur¬ ner, of New York, voted on the ith of July, 1776, prised and shocked to find that no one could en¬ and that Ccesar Rodney did not appear in Con¬ lighten him on the subject. Such lamentable ig- 1 gress until the ilh of July, 1776. This latter fact norance seemed wholly unaccountable. Some, is corroborated by the distance he had to send, who were asked, would venture an opinion such viz., eighty miles to Dover, making the gross dis¬ as ‘perhips because of her geographical position tance traveled one hundred and sixty miles, which in the original thirteen States, ■ or 'probably be¬ in those days, when railroads were unknown, cause of l er commercial and political importance * would have been a physical, impossibility in the Mthebegnningof the Revolutionary warand time allowed, by ' Monkbarns ’ who slates that, in one it stance a gentleman gravely replied that when McKean found how affairs stood on the 1st i*Pennsylvania derived the name Keystone State of July, he immediately dispatched an express for I from the circumstance of a bridge having been him, ar,d had him litere on the 2d of July. In built ever Rock creek, near Georgetown D C connection therewith, the following letter (Brother- Vie key-stone or cewral block in the arch of which head s Book of the Signers, pages 67, 68, 69) is a bore the inscription, Pa. ’ This ridiculous jum¬ jac simile of an autograph letter in the possession bling of improbabilities mortified 'KeystoneState’ Of Mr. Rodney of Wilmington, Delaware, and to such an extent that he resolved, at the expense will be read with interest : Of time and labor, to satisfy himself as to why and when his native Slate secured the suggestive ap¬ •‘•Philadelphia, August 22, 1813.—Dsor pellation she now deservedly bears After a care¬ Sir; Your favor of the 22d of last month, with a ful and impartial consideration of the geographi¬ copy of the Journal of Congress at New York cal theory, it was rejected for the following rea- * October, 1765, printed In the Baltimore Re- came safe to hand. Not having heard _ ML _ (expense, whom I met at the State House door of the publication, I had the proceedings o: on the i'h of July, in his boots. He resides that body (not the whole) reprinted here, eighty miles from the city, and just arrived about a month ago, from a copy I found In I (*' as Congress met. The question was taken. the first volume oi 'American Tracts. ’ (con¬ Delaware voted in favor of Independence. tained in four volumes, octavo,) edited by J. Pennsylvania (there being five members pre¬ Almon of London, 1767. Such an Important sent. Messrs. Dioklnson and Morris absent ) transaction should not be unknown to the fu¬ ! voted also for it ’ (meaning of course last). ture historian. I recollect what passed In ' Messrs. Willing and Humphreys were against Congress In the beginning of July, 1776. re- 1 spectlng Independence. It was not as you ! it. Thus the thirteen Slates were unanimous in have conceived. On Monday, the 1st of July, favor of Independence. ’ the question was taken in the Committee of • • In this same letter he also charges ‘ that false the Whole, when the State of Pennsylvania, colors are certainly hung out‘ there is culpa- represented by seven gentlemen then pre¬ bilily somewhere, ’ &c., &c. These letters, 'Monk- sent, voted against It. Delaware, then hav¬ fat bains’ will observe, corroborate the truth of the ing only two representatives present, was di¬ ’* dote of John Adams1 letter to his wife as printed vided. All the other Stales voted in favor of it; 2 in the Pennsylvania Historical Collection on the Whei eupon, without delay, I sent an express 1 5th of July, 1776; and also that the votes on the 111 at my private expense for your honored . and 2d were merely votes on lee's resolution; uncle, Csesrr Rodney, Esq., the remaining and that there was not a representation from all member for Delaware, whom I met at the the colonies, on ei'her the 1st or the 2d, to insure State House door, In his boots and spurs, unanimity; and that New York, contrary to the as the members were assembling. After a instructions of her Provincial Congress, voted on friendly salutation, without a word on the the 1th of July; and, finally, that unanimity in busineis, we went into the hall of Congress every colony of the thirteen was obtained on the together, and found we were among the latest. 1th of July, A. D. 1776. It is hardly to be sup¬ Proceedings Immediately commenced, and posed that the historians above mentioned would, after a few minutes the great question was • at the risk of their reputations as such, and at a called. Your honored uncle rose and said: loss of their years of toil, make use of matter in ‘As I believe the voice of my constituents, tlieir respective works which had no foundation in and of all fair, sensible and honest men, is in fact. Thomas McKean, in speaking of 'false favor of Independence, and as my own judg¬ colors’ and ‘culpability.’ no doubt referred to ment concurs with them, I vote for Inde' numerous errors then extant concerning the vole jpendence, ’ or words to that effect. The State on the Declaration. ’ ’ of Pennsylvania, on the 1th of July, (there being "W, — ‘1 What cotempordneous" or early only five members present—Messrs. Dickin¬ authority is there for the statement that John Mor¬ son and Morris, who in the Committee of the ton gave the casting vote of the Pennsylvania dele¬ Whole nad voted against Independence, were gation in Congress m favor of independence on\ absent—) voted for it, three to two—Messrs, Wil¬ the 1th of July, 1776?”.Governor McKean, in\ ling and Humphrey in the negative. Una¬ his letter of June 16, 1817, says : nimity in the thirteen States on an important point “On Monday, the first day of July, 1776, the' on so great an occasion was thus obtained. The arguments in Congress for and against the dissent of a single State might have produced very Declaration of Independence having been ex- dangerous consequences. Now tnat I am on fct usted, and the measure having been fully this subject, I wll! tell you some truths not considered, the Congress resolved itself into a generally known. In the printed public committee of the whole. Tue question was Journal of Congress for 1776, volume il., it put by the chairman, and all the States voted | would appear that the D3daratlon was signed in the affirmative except.Pennsylvania, which i on the 4th of July. 1776, by the members whose was in the negative, and Delaware, which was j names are there inserted; but the fact is not equally divided, Pennsylvania at that time: so. No person signed it on that day, nor for had seven members, viz. : John Morton, Ben-, many days after; and, among the names sub¬ jamin Franklin, James Wilson, Joan Dlck-j scribed, one was against it, (Mr. Read,) and inson, Robert Morris, Thomas Willing, and! seven were not in Congress on that day. viz : Charles Humphreys. All were present on the ■ Messrs. Morris, Rush, Clymer, Smith. Taylor 1st of July, and the three first voted for the, and Ross of Pennsylvania, and Thornton of '■MM Declaration of Independence—the remaining ! New Hampshire; nor were the six last named four against it. ’ ’ members at that time. The five for Pennsyl¬ Mr' McKean aflei wards states that on the llh of vania were appointed delegates by the con¬ July Morton. Franklin, and Wilson voted for in¬ vention of that State on the 26th of July, and dependence. Willing and Humphreys voted against! Mr. Thornton entered Congress for the first it, and Dickinson and Morris, although present, ' time on l he 4th of November; while the names did not take their seats. As Morton voted for in¬ of Henry Winner, of New York, and Thomas dependence on the 1st of July, il is difficult to see McKean, of Delawate, were not printed as j why there should have been any doubt as to his subscribers, though both were present and to'.ed for Independence. ’ vote on the 1th of July, •' The writer of the letter charges that ‘false \ J. C. M. I have seen it stated that onbh colors arehung out, that there is "culpability some¬ five of the nine delegates from Pennsylvania where,’ and concludes thus: 'You may rely on the voted at the time of the adoption of the Declaration accuracy of the foregoing relation. It is full time of Independence, and that John Morton, one of | to print and publish the secret journal of Congress the five, decided the vote from this State. Is this during the Revolution. ' The following Letter also, correct? and if so, where were the other four from Thomas McKean to his excellency. John delegates ? The fact of but five delegates voting is j Adams, dated January, 1814. (see Niles’ Weekly mentioned in the monumental inscription to John Register, volume xii., page 307.) in reply to a let¬ 4&M Morton, ivho was buried in the old Episcopal ter from Mr, Adams requesting him to write a churchyard at Chester.”.The Pennsylvania \ history of the events of ’76, at once proves the con¬ delegation in Congress on the 1st of July, 1776, | i'- fidence that Mr. Adams had in the great ability was composed of John Dickinson, Thomas Will-1 and reliability of Mr. McKean. In this letter ing, Charles Humphreys. Robert Morris, Benja¬ Mr. McKean states substantially the same facts as min Franklin, James Wilson and John Morton— ! are referred to by Mr. Adams, in his letter of the seven in all. Of these, Dickinson, Willing, Hum-\ 5lh of Ju’y, as given, above. with the additional phreys and Morris, were opposed to the Declara¬ fact of his sending for Mr, Rodney, as follows: tion. There were only three in its fakor—Frank- ' “ ‘Though I shall never write a history, I tin, Wilson and Morton. The vote of Pennsylvania ! will give yon an additional fact’ (meaning his was against the Declaration when the first vote was sts,ding for Rodney) ‘respecting Independence taken in Committee of the Whole. linen the final which may amuse if not surprise you. On vote was taken, July llh, Dickinson and Morris the 1st of July, 1776, the question was taken ware absent, and the vote was cornel by one ma¬ in Committee of the Whole of Congress, when jority. We do not knout]why it shoul \ be claimed Pennsylvania, represented by seven members that Mr. Morton carried the vote; an i more I then piesent, voted against it four to three. Franklin or Wilson. He was one i ’ three, , Among the majority were Robert Morris and either one of the three had as much inf uence as I John Dlcklmon. Delaware, having only two On the loth of July Robert Morri. W03 members present—namely, myself and Mr. elected, a i ilegaie to Riad—was divided. All the other States voted Pennsylvc in favor of it. The report was delayed until dymer, the 4th, and In the meantime I sent an ex^ Ross, Be; press for C sc Bar Rodney to Dover, in the John Mo- county of Kent, in Delaware, at my private

■ •./a n re-ewcied 11 .. that has no if he had ndencci are weight. There are tombstones Dud do not give Cifflred to engrossed the dates of birth and death nc-rreeily, and some and signed < 'Ur they were admitted their seats. Which give the name of the person buried below in.—“a ' any one inform me if there is incorrectly. Sometimes inscriptions on tomb¬ any truth ir. following account from the Sara- stones are forgeries, prepared to be offered in evi¬ o/August 21 • If so, who icas the Me- dence of facts in dispute, as happened in Eng¬ The extract is as follows : land, in the matter of a claim to a peerage. So The repulse of the British at Erie is one of little reliance is placed upon such inscriptions, the mostlOSt gloriouss' ‘instances ‘ of heroism, self- that, when we wish to describe a person utterly ievotion "and presence of mi; or which destitute of veracity, we say • he lies like on epi- rhaps e’ r recorded 1 taph, ’ ’ ’ ___ 05 When hese same troops, under We; took ‘ajoz, they ST ATE’’sends a^onimunicaUonik leply to‘‘ W. D., ” who, m our last, spoke about made but three assa before took the citaael and the garrison surr, the rhodomonlade about John Morton and his ' ed. But casting vote’’ upon the Declaration of Indepen¬ here seven times they rushed on 01 steel and dence. <«Keystone Slate ’ ’ assumes that he cannon’s mouth, and were by Y ees seven proved the authenticity of the casting-vote slorv in tlsed. They at length, as at Badajoz, these columns years ago, and proved it also in a ssion of" the main battery. Does that book published for the purpose 0} bolstering up in? Were our colors, like those, then what we presume to say is a preposterous claim. struck ? No, no. At this awful moment, when He do not agree that such proof was made in 1 o.tl seemed lost, it had pleased the Almighty that these columns, or elsewhere. The story is unsup¬ a McDonough should 'be found;‘ and. in that moment' ' * ported by cotemporary fact, evidence, or proba¬ bility, and seems to be a delusion on the part of Us hand advocates This is our opinion. The communica¬ safe—his soul to heaven flies, and the brawny tion of “ Keystone Stale ’ ’ we shall not publish, be¬ and polluted limbs of hundreds of Sebastian cause it is personal against “ W. D. ” It also un- 5 ruffians are scattered in mid air. * Vengeance aertakes to bring in another correspondent as an is mine, ’ saith the LordTlV_— ——3JK advocate of the “ casting vote,? ? whom we have rrr Keystone State’ must excuse me every reason to believe does not believe one word of 1 for remaining unconvinced that Mr. Morton gave that story. J the casting vote in the Pennsylvania delegation in Keystone State,—‘! favor of Independence, on the 4th of July, 177b. ‘ In your issue of July I cannot, therefore, accept his invitation to admit 23d ‘ W. D. ' says: the conclusiveness of what he considers authorities en his side of the question. Nor do I feel called upon to give authority for what he considers my txculiar views upon the subject. * Keystone State ought to know that the burden of proof rests upon 9 the party maintaining the affirmative. It u for otherK respeSe“wrlUr,BSm hLve^aidThafh^t t him to prove that Mr. Morion gave that casting vote; not for me to prove that he did not. It is a fifty yeSsf’ln the last Sr principle of logic that a negative cannot be proved. j ‘ ‘ A s the Declaration wax carried in the Po«-„ „■ . I asked Jar early or cotemporaneous evidence in support of the story about Mr. Minton’s casting note, and *Keystone State,’ in answer to this, produces, as his first witness. 'William All&n. toiteZnZ VOti\'i! irkthe Amative idl'd iZsimd D D. who in the year 1809, being thirty-three years after 1776, published a Biographical Dic¬ tionary. I hold him to be neither a cotempora- Ttcous nor an pn-rly witness / but, if ho had issued his book in lTVo, instead qTU(j\t,v:hat he asserts would, be no evidence, in support, of ‘Keystone VQ^to Mr. Morton. Qotemporaneov? State’s' views, nereis what ' Keystone State' \ t/ll$h®se consists of standard works I quotes from the. reverend doctor: 94irz,tten and published dniTiYtft ffa& /,•/. .• * S •He (John Morton) in 1776 voted in favor of **®*!frs the Declaration of Indepen- the Declaration of Independence. Had he rZ^e'/rom whoni wrUers could obtain reliable in. voted on the ot her side, the voice of Pennsyl¬ vania would have been against the Declara¬ amfwcrZ'JZril,>fWZ0Ul!i Gorrect misstatements if tion, as the other delegates were euually di¬ S22 vided on the subject.’ This is perfectly true; and if Wilson had voted cn the other side, or if Franklin had voted on the TViffh tLlr99'’ Sa'nuel Chase, June I other side, the same result would have followed. try* 1811, William williams. August 2d 1811* \ What Dr. Allen has said above no more proves George Ctymer, January 23d, 1813■ Beniamin that Morton gave a casting vote than it proves that Robe^ Treat Paine, May either Wilson or Franklin gave such a vote. Dr. T’AnWw,. V» •lP.nd9e Gerry, November 23d, 1814- Allen, you may leave the stand! We shall not Thomas McKean, June 24th, 1817- William v. ’ IS £j cross-examine you. You do not appear to know &\lYr%?rl' mh: i?20- William Floyd Aufjft 1 anything about the matter respecting which you aJs Thomas Jefferson, July Uh 1826 • Tohn were summoned to testify. The testimony of ^ CharUs cLmoJ the second witness is more to the point. It is San¬ Carrollton, November iidTlS^Zwit^Zml • derson’s Biography of the Signers, published in foam Allen, j>D., in his ‘American Biographical 1823, being forty-seven years after 1776, and there¬ Dictionary, ’ {page 596,) as follows V -PS“ fore, in accordance with the common use of the words, neither cotemporaneousipora nor early. The notions of ‘Keystone State’ are equally novel and voted on the other side. the mioe of Pennsyi! r extraordinary..a Me■ holds1. the statements in ~San¬ vanla would have been against the Deeiarn. derson’s book to be cotemporaneous with the lion, bh the nth» _„ 1 lue J-’cmara- doings in 1776 because several of the signers of the k A i AS... . _ , _ Declaration were living in 1823, and, as he as¬ Also is submitted authority published in 1823— sumes, did not contradict those statements. Before such an attempt at reasoning can have the slightest aIml be obferVed ^wTh WJmuZ weight, it will be 'necessary for • Keystone State’ i i£Z%™U'Tohn,A£?ms an,jt Charles Carroll-to to prove that the signers living in 1823 read the work of Sanderson, which will be very difficult for him to do; and then, that having read it, none of them contradicted the assertion respecting Mor¬ ion’ s vote, which would be utterly impossible for the casting vote of the Pennsylvania delega¬ •Keystone State’ to do. If ‘Keystone Stale’s’ tion—a vote which would confirm or destroy the notion of the meaning of the word cotempora¬ unanimity of the Declaration of IndepSnce ’ neous were correct, then, if Charles Carrol of •hJj!.’ tv ‘ cotemporaneous and early au- ‘ Carrolton was now living Keystone Stale’s' rfl emi^ent historiographers—Goodrich own assertion as to what occurred in 1776, ninety-five years ago, would he a cotempo¬ raneous account. Comment en such a view must be quite unnecessary. As to the insorip- m, ______they did. It is also corroborated oy me insert _ “ghee tS1 CtZ&mporaneoUs evidence, I c tion on Morton's monument, at Chester, erected ters, or official recorcU of the date of the Act only, October 9th, 1845. Now, will ‘ W. D. ’ please as coming within that! term. In default of such, give equally good ‘ cotemporaneous or early au¬ then, the recollections of the actors are certainly : thority ’ corroborative of bis peculiar views On admissible, at any distance of time, if consistent, the subject? He should do so, or, like an honor¬ Mr. Adams’ letter of .the 3 d of July, (cited by able man, frankly admit the conclusiveness of the • Keystone State ’ as having been written on the authorities offered for his candid consideration. 5th of July,) although otherwise quoted correctly, also says: ‘ The 2d day of July, 1776, will be the ‘ Justitia flat ccelum ruat. ’ ’ ’ most memorable epoch in the history of America. Kbvstone. — “ The question propounded by I am apt to believe Hat it will be celebrated by ‘ D. W. ’, in your last edition, concerning the succeeding generations as the great anniversary casting vote of John Morton, of the Pennsylvania festival. ’ He says, too—unquestionably in the delegation in the Continental Congress, is fully same lettei—‘A resolution 'was passed without and ably answered in Tossing's Lives oj the one dissenting colony. ’ The copy now before me Signers, page 113 : was printed by one of the greatest, if not the “ ‘ Tiie delegation from Pennsylvania then greatest corUriOutor to American history, from present were equally divided in opinion on the original; and there can be no mistake in the the subject of Independence, and Mr. Morton fact that il was written the day before the events was oalled on officially to give a casting vote occurred, which we are just now endeavoring to for that State. This was a solemn responsi¬ prove. Incidentally, however, we may observe bility thrown on him. It was for him to decide that New York not voting does not implicate Mr. ivhether there should be a unanimous vote of Adams in an untruth. There now lies before me, the colonies for independence—whether Penn¬ also, Mr. McKean’s letter to Mr. Dallas, printed sylvania should form one of the American by Mr. Dallas, which Is in correspondence with Union. But he firmly met the responsibility, that cited from Goodrich, dated September 26, and voted ‘yes, ’ and from that moment these 1796, (a date we are requested to remember,) in united colonies were declared independent which he states: 'Henry Wisner, of the Slate of States. ’ New York. was also in Congress, and voted for i * ‘ This is corroborated by Goodrich's Lives of the Independence. ’ I say distinctly that the mem¬ Signers, page 283; Sanderson’s Biography of the ory of the venerable Chief Justice was at fault; Signers, volume vi., page 28^; Lieber’s Encyclo¬ nor is it surprising that, after a lapse of twenty pedia Americana, volume lx., page 57; Apple- years, he should confound the opinions of a man ton's New American Encyclopedia, volume il., with his actions. Elbridge Gerry—an active page 759; and Judge Robert T. Conrad's revised worker for Independence in and out of Congress, edition of the Lives of the Signers, page 450. His¬ a signer of the Declaration itself, and subse¬ tory in general is based upon cotemporaneous quently Vice President—writes on the 5th of July, authorities, which, in most cases, are as difficult 1776, to James Warren: ‘A determined resolution of the delegates from some of the colonies to push ■ i to unearth from the sepulchres of the past as it would be to furnish the identical hatchet which, the question of Independence has had a moM Washington used in chopping his father’s cherry happy effect; and, after a day's debate, all the colonies excepting New Yore.—whose delegates are not empowered to give either an affirmative or Monkbabns. — “ The question put in the a negative vole—united, ’ &c., dc. Letters of Sunday Dispatch by * D. W.,’ in relation to Samuel Adams, of Josiah Bartlett, and of John John Morton’s ‘casting vote’ on the Declaration Adams himself, now before me, explicitly state of Independence, is not satisfactorily answered. this /act, as well as Gerry. But let us turn to Like 'D. W.. ’ I have some anxiety to know ivhat Henry Wisner himself says in an official • what cotemporaneous or early authority is there letter to the power appointing him. J'jiy 2d, 1776; for the statement that John Morton gave the cast¬ ,* The important question of Independence was ing vote of the Pennsylvania delegation in Con¬ agitated yesterday in a committee of the whole gress in favor of independence on the 4th of July, Congress, and this day will be finally determined 1776?’ R is asserted that ‘Pennsylvania had in the House. We know the line of our conduct four delegates present—two voted for, and two on this occasion. We have your instructions, and ooainst, the Declaration. One was expected to we will faithfully pursue them. . . . New doubts come in, who had been called out by friends and difficulties, however, will arise, should Inde¬ and others, to urge him to vote in the negative. pendence be declared, and that it will not we have That one was John Morton. ’ Now, if John Mor¬ not the least reason to expect; nor do we believe ton voted for it on the first of July, as by the quo¬ that—(if any)—more than one colony, and the tations from McKean’s letters given in the Dis¬ delegates of that colony divided, will vote against patch, there is all the greater reason to discredit the question—every colony, ours only excepted, his supposed (or rather asserted) hesitation or having withdrawn their former instructions, and backwardness on the 4th. It seems to be gene¬ having either positively instructed their delegates rally overlooked, now, that the colonies in¬ to vote for Independence or to concur in such structed their delegates, and that the delegates vote. ’ The journals of the New York Provincial generally acted or voted accordingly. John Congress show that this letter was received on the Morton was Speaker of the House, and 9lh of July, and also a letter indorsing the Decla¬ signed the instructions to the Pennsylvania ration of Independence, and that on the afternoon delegation—' that you, in behalf of this colony, of the seme day it approved the same, promised dissent from and utterly reject any propo¬ to join the other colonies, &c. In the letter of Mr. sitions—should such be made—that may cause or Gerry of the 5th of July, already quoted, he also lead to a separation from the mother country. says: 'New York will most probably, on Monday These instructions do not appear to have oeen next, when its convention meets for forming a Con¬ revoked by the Assembly. But at a meeting of the stitution, join in the measure, and then it will be deputies of the counties in Philadelphia, they entitled the unanimous Declaration of the thir¬ resolved, ' In behalf of ourselves, and with the ap¬ teen United States of America.: The first printed probation. consent and authority of our constitu¬ journal—(official.) 1778, John Dunlap, page 28)— ents, we unanimously declare our willingness under date of July 4, does not call it ‘ unani¬ to concur in a vote of the Congress declaring the mous, ’ but that word was inserted in engross¬ United Slates free and independent States. If ing it on parchment subsequently. This full state¬ your contributor of 1 The Keystone State will ment is furnished in the belief that 'Keystone 'look at cotemporaneous authority instead of State ’ is a searcher for the truth as well as my¬ Botla, Goodrich, et id omne genus, he will find self; and it may be satisfactory to him to kyiow that the New York delegation was similarly that Mr. Bancroft himself had not, in 1865, been situated, except that its members were not in¬ able to arrive at the facts whfch are now the sub¬ structed, and never did vote, either for or against ject of my investigation and scrutiny. independence; and that one of the representatives was so indignant at the confirmation of the action Getting; Ahead of History. of the majority that he indignantly resigned his The approach of the centennial anniversary seat. The whole history of ‘ The Declaration’ I shall, before long, publish. Justitia fiat, ccelum of our national existence has wonderfully sharpened the historical acuteness of our peo¬ Xonkbabnb.—* ’In my pursuit after facts, ple. New claims are continually being discov¬ regardless of whom it may affect, I still press *1). W.’s’ and my question: What cotempora¬ ered, upon account of which the admiration of neous or early authority is there that John Mor¬ the present generation is demanded. Patriots, ton gave the casting vote of the Pennsylvania who were never heard of before, are being dug delegation in Congress in favor of Independence on the 1th of July, 1776? Will 'Keystone State’ up and their relics exposed for the adoration of answer it, if he has it in his power ? In refer- ■Xf

W -■

nHPPHH£— a Worshiping world. Erents Hitherto unsus¬ I to secure tjieir rights as British subjects. If pected are boldly alleged to have taken place, they could succeed in these endeavors—if they and an immense quantity of patriotism un- I | should win back the liberties which had been marked at the period when it is said to have taken from them—they were ready and anxious been most fervent is now brought forward,with [ to return to their allegiance, and they hoped warm certificates that it was the ancient and for reconciliation with the Mother Country. pure article. We once thought that in this Exaotly such resolution in spirit, if not in country we had in our history a great and mo¬ words, bad been entered into, months before, mentous Declaration of Independence of Great in various parts of the Union, and military as¬ Britain, which, after fifteen months of a cruel sociations were formed under them. Exactly warfare against us by George the Third, during such associations stood up for American liberty which we were protesting our desire to be al- ( at Lexington and Concord on the 19th of April, lowed to exercise and eDjoy the privileges of 1775. We had such associations in Philadel- | Englishmen, was finally forced from us as the phia from the time that the news of Lexington very last measure of defence. But the Decla¬ reached us. They were embodied by resolu¬ ration of Independence which was agreed upon tions passed at a great meeting held at the at the State House on the 4th of July, 1776, it ' State House on the 25th of April, 1775—the day is now said, was the very last of a series of de- g;j, after the news of the battle was received. But clarations of independence which were made yet we never imagined that the fact justified an iD county and township meetings in various ~ assertion that we had made a declaration of parts of the country. independence here in Philadelphia long before The so-called Mecklenburg declaration of in¬ 1776. dependence is claimed to have been promul- Jj We are in favor of any legitimate celebration gated in the month of May, 1775—but whether of a revolutionary event. If the people of on the 19th or the 31st, or whether at all, is a Westmoreland desire to celebrate the forma¬ controversy which is raging at the present time tion of their first companies for the defence of with fierceness. Nobody ever heard of the American liberty on the 12th of May, 1775, it Mecklenburg declaration during the Bevolu- is right, proper, and patriotic that they should tionary war. The Congressional delegates do so. But when they assume that, by follow¬ from North Carolina, at Philadelphia, made no ing the lead of counties and towns throughout report on the subject, anti it was not until 1819— North America, they became more distin¬ forty-four years alter the so-called declaration guished for their spirit than other parts of the was adopted—that the alleged particulars made country, or that they did more than other their appearance in a North Carolina news¬ Americans, they assume entirely too much, paper. We are not going to discuss the cues- / and a claim which, if justly made, would be en¬ tion whether there was a meeting in Mecklen¬ titled to respect, becomes ridiculous because burg in 1775, at which all these brave things it is unfounded. were done. We content ourselves by saying J. N.—“George Thomas, Lieutenant Governor that it is our opinion that the whole thing is a of the province of Pennsylvania and the lower , fraud. counties, used three different devices as seals in the But even if it should be that Mecklenburg, performance of his official duties during his term, of service—1737 to 1747. The first teas the Proprie- ■ as early as the 19ih or the 31st of May, 1775, tary seal of the Penns. The second was a shield bearded the British lion, it seems that Pennsyl¬ charged with three rampant lions, and a demi-lion for a crest. This I have seen attached to a commis- ; vania is prepared togo several days better. Dp in sion issued at Philadelphia to an officer to raise the Allegbanies—so far away from the influence ■one hundred men, in 1746. Thirdly, 'he used a seal of the Crown that it was possible to do the : which is attached to a commission to a Judge for S j New Castle county, Delaware. The impression is " most insolent things to the British Lion with¬ imperfect, however, as it is upon paper over a out the slightest suspicion on the part of the wafer, and only portions of it can be made out. The figure consists of an oval, containing a circle jj royal beast that he was being insulted—it within it, and touching its lower end. In the space ji is said that there was a declaration of inde¬ between them, and resting on top of the circle, is a u i crown. On the left and right of the crown are tel- pendence which cuts in before the Mecklenburg iers, but only ‘ Del’ are distinguishable. A garter, I declaration four days, and possibly sixteen days. containing ‘ Honi soit qui, ’ <£c., surrounds the n Therefore it seems that Pennsylvania is ahead; circle, and in it is a shield quartered. The first and .1 fourth contain either stars or fleur-de-lis in rows. I and as there is scarcely time for any other The second seems like a bust or helmet. The third ] place to bring out a declaration prior ia date I is a harp. Can any one inform me of the parlicu- I lars of this third seal, and whether It was always to the Hannastown pronnneiamento, it is | used upon the official papers pertaining to the lower I likely that she will keep ahead. And she is | counties ?” likely to continue ahead, at least until about the JS.H.—c< IJind the following in 1 The Friend, 1 year 1975, by which time we have no doubt a published in 1827: iczfu other declarations, some of them dated ‘ Climate of Pennsylvania,— Proud says: “The® snows are frequently very deep in winter, and the lefore the battle of Lexington, will have been frosts so intense that it has not been very unoom-it mon for the large river Delaware, even where it is 'discovered. near a mile bread, to be frozen over in one night, so This Westmoreland declaration, examined as to bear people walking upon the ice in the morn¬ ing, So much for the severity of some winters. upon its own merit, appears to have been But that they are sometimes very mild, we have the testimony of Thomas Makin, who was one of the nothing more than a resolution to raise military earliest settlers of the province, and, moreover, a companies and a regiment for the defence of man of observation and learning. In 1689 he was the second master (the noted George Keith being the American liberty; but the parties who did so first) of Friends’ Grammar School of Philadelphia. took care to express very carefully their respect > ■ Makin also occasionally acted as clerk to the Assem¬ bly, and perhaps never so far mistook his talents as and allegiance to George III., and to de¬ ■when he ventured to write poetry. In 1729 he put forth a Latin poem, entitled “ Descriptio Pennsyl¬ clare that they only armed themselves in order vania?, ” a part of which, touching the weather, we —■■rjMi quote, as given by his translator: \vitll wluit I send them, and make to Jritnifflup * lieneatii the temp’rate zone the country lies, and league with them according to those condi¬ -And beat and cold with graieful change supplies; tions,” dc. He also, under date of the 18th of Sep¬ To fifteen hours extends the longest day. tember, 1(181, sent another letter to the Indians, in When Sol in Cancer points his fervid ray. Yet here the winter season is severe, which he promised peace and friendship, and said, -And summer’s heat is difficult to bear; “I have sent my commissioners to treat with you But western winds oft cool the scorching ray, about land and about a firm league of peace, ’ ’ The -And southern breezes warm the winter's day. p: Free Society of Traders also addressed a letter to the Yet oft, though warm and fair the day begun, Emperor of Canada, dated June 19, 1G82, and Penn ■Cold storms arise before the setting sun. «another, to the same Emperor, dated, the 2\stof June, \ -Nay! oft so quick the change, so great its power, As summer’s heat and winter in an hour! 1G82. Penn also sent a letter of the same date and j tenor by Thomas Holme, his surveyor, who indorsed \ ‘ Sometimes the ice so strong and firm, we know, That loaded wagons on the rivers go; 7/pon it, ‘'Iread this to the Indians, by an interpreter, J But yet so temp’rate are some winters here the 6th month (.August), 1G82. Thomas Holme.” This \ That in the streams no bars of ice appear, shows that there was an assemblage of Indians, to \ And all the season boats and shipping may, whom Penn's written promises of peace and friendship 'With oar and sail, divide the liquid way— were read, and it teas likely to hare been at Shack- I 1S0 various and uncertain is the clime cimaxon where Fairman lived, and to whose house For heat and cold extreme in little time!’ ” Holme went on his arrival, and where, probably, Lieu¬ [p. p.— Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were tenant Governor Markham also lived. In short, our \ two English suiveyors, sent over to this country in opinion is that, if there was a treaty with the Indians 1763 lo run the line between Pennsylvania and at Kensington, it was held by Markham and Holme, Matyland, in settlement of disputes between the and not by William Penn. Penns and Calverts as to boundaries. They per- T>IE Aims OF PENNSYLVANIA—Jlti- fo'i med their work. Mason went home. Dixon re¬ mained, and died near this city, after the Revolu¬ pnrf of the Committee of Correction.— tion. Afterward, when the anti-slavery disputes Two of the gentlemen appointed by arose, Mason and Dixon's line divided the free Governor Hartranft to carry out the re¬ Elates from those in which slavery existed—whence frequent references to this line in the political con¬ cent act of Assembly providing for the troversies ofjhe times. correction of the State arms have just Yebitas.—“ Upon what authority is it stated presented their report to His Excel¬ that the Congress of 1774 was entertained in the ban- lency. queting-hall of the Stale Bouse (second story) by The report submitted involves some the Assembly of Pennsylvania, or by the city ? Is it not an error ?”.... Bradford's Journal of Sep¬ important historical as well as legal tember 21st, 1774, gives a full account of the pro- points on a subject long mooted and cetdings. There certainly was a banquet at the State House, given by citizens of Philadelphia to which, though referred to a committee members of Congress of 1774 on the Friday prece¬ by the late Constitutional Convention, ding September 21st, 1774. It is presumable that it the latter was never able to elicit a re¬ was given in what was called the “ banq ueiing- room ” or parity so. But as the number present port, and adjourned, leaving the ques¬ was stated to be five hundred, some other part of tion where they found it. The present the building might have been also used. report is accompanied by two beautifully -’assytti'K,— **Inquiry has recently been ■ emblazoned copies of the arms, by or¬ made, through the Sunday Dispatch, as lo the iginal seals in use, both by the State proper pronunciation of this word. It was for¬ merly pronounced with the accent upon the and the Supreme Court, 1682 and 1874, middle syllable, sy; latterly, the accenting of the with engraved designs used in 1778 and first syllable, pas, has become common. The late 1785. The report is as follows: Btnry F. Schoolcraft was the first authority in the United Statesupon the subject of the American Philadelphia, Oct. 21, 1874.—To Indians. In his great work concerning them, ■i\ |> J* If is Excellency, J. E. Hartanft, Gover¬ which was published, by the Government, he says that all American Indian names of three syllables nor of Pennsylvania—Sib : In making have the accent upon the middle syllable. Passy- the examination necessary to a full re¬ vnk, therefore, is right; andVaksyunk is wrong.’ ’ port, called for by your letter of the 23d .We think we proved very clearly, in our last number, that this name was written Passa- of September, we have deemed it proper angh or Pama-wrick. In the patents from, Penn to precede our inquiries by investigat¬ if is written Passoy-unk. Passyunk is a corrup¬ ing the “Great Seal of Pemsylvania.” tion caused by American impatience, which ho,, led to the transmogrification of many Indian This, from at least one cf the devices names. Pasta was the original, and not Passy. thereon, leads us back to the Colonial This is to be taken into consideration. If our cor¬ days of the Province; indeed, the proto¬ respondent is correct, then it follows that many other Indian names are accented wrongly. For dBhoM type of the present ship under sail may instance, Manayunk would be Mun-d-unk ; , t. c : be traced to the seal of “the Society of Ttnicum would be Tin-l-cum; Penny pack would Free Traders,” an association formed in be Pen-Hi -pack: 1Viccgco would be IVlo-a& co. In regard to Schoolcraft, his studies were prin¬ advance and for the pronotion of the cipally in regard to the Indians of the western original settlement, while the Plow as part of this country and the Senecas, and we well as the Sheaf of "Wheat are the should not tale him, as authority in regard to the language of the Delawares. _ cognizances adopted by William Penn ^enskngton.—There is nothing in the e‘Dc- for two of his original comties. cords' ’ of Pennsylvania, or in the letters of William The first great seal of th’ Province of Penn or of any of his cotemporaries, to show that he Pennsylvania, as sanctioied by the ever held a treaty with the Indians at Kensington, We doubt whether he ever did so. Legend only is the original charter of Charles II, contained foundation Thomas Mifflin—the sheaves of wheat, or garbs, upon a blue same man who, as Governor, approved field below. Not only were these de¬ the act of 1791 to establish the seal, as vices used thus upon the seal, but they well as presiding officer of the conven¬ will be found engraved upon (what is tion which framed the Constitution un¬ certainly the exercise of a sovereign der which it was so established—the right) the first paper money issued by other document, dated March 13, 1807, the Commonwealth—April 10, 1777—a is signed by Thomas M’Kean, as Gov¬ specimen of which is herewith present¬ ernor. Mr. M’Kean, it should be borne ed (page 13, No. 2), the provision of the in mind, was the “honorable gentleman law being: “The said bills shall have requested and empowered to revise, com¬ such escutcheons as in the margin here¬ pare, correct and have published all the of.” I laws, &c.,” in the identical volume of This escutcheon is plainly engraved Bailey already cited. on page 48, of laws of Pennsylvania, Within two years from the date of printed by Fras Bailey, in 1782. We this last-mentioned document, the seal therefore consider the seal and the a,rms so long used had become worn out, and of Pennsylvania were at this date set¬ i on the 2d of March, 1809, an act was tled as above described. passed to perpetuate the great seal, and The volume of Bailey, which, it will it is so expressly entitled. It provides be noted, is the first authorized reprint that: of the laws of Pennsylvania after the “Whereas, The great seal of this Revolution, and which also contains the Commonwealth is so nearly worn out Constitution of the State of 177G, has a that it is necessary to renew the same ; frontispiece, a badly executed copy of “And whereas, It appears that there the arms, as already described, with is no description thereof on record, and heraldic additions of crest, supporters it being proper that the said,seal should j be particularly described and established m so thill Wk .me mSy lflrearcer'lie more, blue ground, with a snip ’selling, and fully known and recognjzed ; tliero'fbri*, I* an allusion to the Pemi. arnfs^ without "Beit enqcled, etc., That the Secre¬ a picture of sky, clouds, wateru&c., and tary of the Common wealt h be, and he i the lower compartment eontaihs, on a hereby is authorized and directed to 1 green ground, three sheaves of wheat. procure the renewal of the great seal of t The shield is surmounted by an eaglet this Commonwealth, and record and de-! preparing to fly, sustained by a key¬ posit a description thereof, in writing,! stone. It is supporteJoseph Ritner soon learn even more about one another than after the Pennsylvania general election of 1885: “Nay; only me and pop,” replied was taught by the Civil war, and the the good wife of the governor-elect. educational process will not be nearly so ! Whether it was the result of this joint expensive as war. People, newspapers, ; tenure of office I do not know, but cer¬ books still reflect a good deal of the ig¬ tain it is that tho state never had a better norance and local prejudices which were governor than the shrewd, honest, obsti¬ so prominent in the colonial period of nate old farmer, Joseph Ritner. Pennsyl- l vania Dutch was then at its highest in¬ the country. Even Emerson said that fluence; Ritner its truest type. And who New Jersey was good enough for the are the Pennsylvania Dutch? We read of feet of Washinc4ton. Holmes was the Quaker iu history; we are told that he guilty of a flippant and hasty generali¬ settled the state, and then we are left to zation of Pennsylvania civilization, assume that he forms the backbone of its The Jerseymen retort in kind and iu greatness to-day. Yet, as a matter of fact, to a people all unknown to fame, a Pennsylvania the term “yankee” was people more interesting, with characteris¬ long a synonym for thief. Chicago and tics more sharply defined and ^persistent I New York exchange comments which than the creolet of Louisiana, numbering are not mutual compliments, and the nearly four million souls, belongs the little wits of the New York press amuse honor of forming the policy and character j themselves, if they do not amuse any¬ of the second state of the Union. One hundred and seventy odd years ago tho body else, by not very droll allusions to Quaker assembly of Pennsylvania ordered Shat none but English-speaking immi- j£a should he tnersuniecta of natura'lfza- jU. Not satisfied with the workings of rHE FORMER WOULD SAY vhig law the tujffel, the latter . potato, same body provided lsylvania Dutcnman exai tuber and after rirach smelling am & few years later that every foreigner to decides that it is a berry. “If it tsn't a the English government arriving after the berra vas der deihiuker is it?” said one of passage of the act should pay a duty of 40 them to me the other day, and “groom- shillings and swear allegiance to Great beers,” lie called it, doubtless led to his Britain and the province. These and other word, in spite of my friend’s explanation, measures discouraging to propectives im¬ through a foggy recollection of his remote migrants who fell within their scope were ancestors', who named it die grundbime, nil aimed at the Germans, who for some the ground pear. With words denoting treason or other seemed possessed of a hesitancy or doubt the Pennsylvania wild ambition to land on the western shore Dutchman is well provided from over the of the Delaware. Prior to the year 1727 Rhine, but when he .wishes to express the more than fifty thousand of them were idea of certainty, promptness or quickness ■snugly established in- the Quaker province. of perception, he is obliged to use the lan¬ In spite of these laws more were coming by guage of his Anglo-Saxon neighbor, from every ship, and the followers of Penn v^ere whom he learned about all he knows of disturbed in spirit. Strange things have these qualities. To the same source also come to pass since then. The Quaker does he go for his profanity, once he be¬ lias vanished. There remains nothing to comes really ugly. But that perhaps tell the story of his former greatness but proves nothing one way or the other. The the quaint old burying ground on Arch English is, after all the only language in street, and a dozen faded shadbelly coats, which a man can swear and get anything heirlooms in as many Philadelphia garrets. like satisfaction. The proverb which bids He perished in no great tumult of arms, us beware the fury of the patient man, is ■nor by the march of any pestilence. Ho a good one to remember in dealing with was neither indolent nor lacking in him. If he is slow to wrath, it is not be¬ shrewdness; he did not starve to death, cause he is over plenteous in that • charity nor did the Germans so much as crowd which endureth ail things; but rather be¬ him. He died simply because he was too cause he Ts too slow and heavy in bis good to live—a melancholy warning perceptions to catch the fleet and in¬ which has not been lost upon his succes¬ sidious innuendo, which keeps other sors in Pennsylvania politics. But the tempers in the neighborhood of 212 de¬ proscribed German stolidily bided his time, grees Fahrenheit; but when he is once tie came, paid his duty and stayed. aroused, however, there is nothing else to HE TOOK POSSESSION do but to move into another township, of the rich farms along the Susquehanna, j and wait until the hurricane blow over. the Lehigh, and the Juniata, and filled the He is glorious valleys which lead down to the ESSENTIALLY A PEASANT rivers. Ho began to have things his own in its original and least offensive meaning, way, and when the new order was estab¬ a boor. He has no word denoting courtesy. lished after the revolution, he held in his In good will and friendliness he abounds; hands the political power of the great of the little social amenities and court state which he had turned into a garden graces which add so much to the life of where the gods might dwell. The most all other civilized people, he knowns noth¬ timorous Quaker, fearful of German as¬ ing. For example: Although it may be cendancy, could scarcely have had a pre¬ stated as a generalization that all of them vision of tho complete triumph attained can speak English, associating with them by his Teutonic rival at the beginning of is likely to prove embarrassing, if you do the present century. The Quaker was al¬ not know their language. You may be ready little more than a memory; the Ger¬ an invited guest at their house, but all man the potent fact of tho social and conversation among themselves will be in political order. But lol when the victor their own Dutch, without translation or proclaimed his conquest it was in a strange apologies to you. And they are great tongue; he no longer thought nor felt as a talkers. It would seem impossible for German. The Fatherland was not beyond rudeness to go further; yet no offense has soa3, but here. Germany was no more to been intended, and they would not com¬ him than it was to Patrick. He had be¬ prehend! your indignation if expressed. come a Pennsylvania Dutchman. The Of course they do not neglect you, and Teutonic immigrant brought with him to will talk much to you. But every com¬ Pennsylvania'only the limited vocabulary ment not particula ly addressed to you of a German peasant nearly two hundred will be in their own 'Anguage. They will years ago. His pronunciation of the native, argue and dispute among themselves with tongue was often accurate, of the English great volubility upon the subject in hand, worse; and the deviatiou from the verna¬ but no matter how deeply you may be in¬ cular has increased with every generation terested in the matter, you will have to until all resemblance of the original is iu guess at what they are saying. You be¬ many oases lost. “Topper.” meaning hur¬ come indignant and feel like picking up ry; “fat,” forward; “nooner,” under; ‘ your hat and leaving; but that would be a “fattish,” done or finished, are a few ex¬ freat mistake if it is at all near mealtime. amples of many words uot easily account¬ ou will never get a better dinner than ed for. Neither a German uor au English¬ they serve to the farm hands every day of man would make much of “croombeera.” the year. Stay to dinner or supper and r ( I l1

irvest-hoine, a oombihation or easy and pleasure, the time when all the mt-up gaiety of the year is turned ( lose. And so it is that when the apples« are all sclinitzed and the young people ‘ have feasted on cakes and cider the fun |begins in earnest. Games and dancing, turn into a general romp continuing un¬ til long after midnight. The green SLICK OK FRIED HAM schnitz are afterwards strung on stout that would almost convert a vegetarian; cords with a darning needle and hung in potatoes will be whipped into a mountain > great loops and festoons about the kitch¬ of savory cream; the big Lima beans will en wallp to dry. No other event calls dissolve at the touch of the tongue; the together so large a number of people as a corn, tomatoes, asparagus—all things that funeral. The moment one of the family grew in garden or in field—have lost not dies the survivors begin to bake and cook one breath of their fresh and dainty and gather supplies. There is little time flavor. The bread is as light and white for grief; the funeral is but three days off as new fallen snow, the butter was at most, and if there should be any shrimp¬ I churned yesterday, and the preserves and ing of tlie feast, to which the minister jellies are miracles of delicious sweetness. will be authorized to invito from the pul¬ At such a feast you forget your bodily pit all the friends of the family, in would | limitations, but eat as if you are a spirit be disrespectful to the dead and discredit¬ j that occupies all space and can never be able to the living. And there, too, must filled. You do not think of quitting un¬ be prepared the midnisht lunch for the til you see one after another of the family watchers who guard the remains. Two j leaving the table—something they will : certainly do without apology as fast as voung men of the neighborhood will be de- tailed for this purpose, and it will be their jthey are filled. Then the melancholy privilege to j truth begins to force itself upon you that j in all human probability the time will SELECT THE TWO YOUNG LADIES come when you,'too, must stop for lack of who are to help them while away the long [capacity; that sooner or later, it must be¬ hours. In a room adjoining that in which come impossible for you to stay there as the body is lying these watchers amuse you wish and eat forever and ever. You themselves in whatever way they choose. console yourself for these sad thoughts by Every hour the young men enter the eating two of the biggest pieces of the death chamber and look upon the features j best pie ever made. Oh, what pies! every of him who sleeps the eternal sleep; while j one of which is, I regret to say, destined the two girls, awed and nervous at being to be eaten with a knife. The fork is alone so near the visible presence of death, never used to convey food to the mouth, tremblinglyiijawait the return of their gal¬ our Pennsylvania Dutch friend having a lant companions. It is a beautiful custom, remarkable dexterity in the use of that of watching over the dead, and char¬ the knife. With the skill of a acteristic of a reverent and affectionate D’Alvini he whips up on his knife a good race. Yet it mast be confessed that tablespoonful of green peas, for instance, owing to the presence of the young ladies carries them to their destination, and [the watchers generally manage to extract opening his mouth, dumps the whole iinoie pleasure out of it than is consistent j without losing a single pea or cutting off with its solemnity. It will be found that his palate. Only those to the manner the abundant preparation of “funeral born can accomplish this feat. All that baked meats” has been timely enough. | a stranger can do is look to on and As soon as the service is ended at the wonder. grave all the assemblage returns to the THESE PEOPLE HAVE RETAINED house, and the feasting ends not until the . ^st neighbor has gorged himself as only a all the admirable domestic liome-loving Pennsylvania Dutchman can on a holiday, characteristics of the race from which Hundreds of them partake of these funeral they sprung. No wives are more loyal, feascs, and they regard it as a matter of no mothers more devoted to their children pride when the number is larger than than these. Among the young people the asual. The Pennsylvania Dutch youn» singing-school is a weekly entertainment man rarely takes a lady to church, to a during the winter, and dancing is held iu ' “schnitzen,” or singing school. When the favor. But the great social event of the meeting is ended the young men hurry year, in every family, is the “schnitzen.” out and stand in a row, or a double row ‘‘Schnitz” are sliced apples and the fruit on each side of the walk. When the girl in that form retains the name after it is of his choice comes by, the youug man dried, stewed and baked into pie. steps up with assumed boldness and a dis¬ [“Schnitzen” etymologically considered, illustrates quite well the way in which play of confidence not warranted by his feelings and shoves out his elbow. Some¬ many German words turn up in Penn¬ times she pulls back her arm with a con¬ sylvania Dutch, without any modification, with all the effect of the English lan¬ temptuous little jerk and a saucy toss of the head, to the great joy of a luckier guage, Tlie German verb “schnitzen.”'.), to cut or slice, becomes the Pennsylvania fellow further down tlie line; while the Dutch “schnitziag,” pronounced without rejected swain steps back into his place to undergo an unmerciful guying and wait Boundingtheqgd^Butsocia] iy it denotes it for another with whom he hopes to be j more successful. But as a rule they know

.‘A . ~n.ro doing, and tlaiTElirong melts way with few such incidents. THE YOUNG MA$T has somewhat more than the pleasure of walking home with the lady. He is gen¬ erally invited into the house. If the old j people have not already retired, they will obligingly do so very soon. Etiquette would hardly permit him to leave before 2 or 3 o’clock in the morning, but, eti¬ quette or no etiquette, he rarely leaves before the first named hour. This per¬ formance i3 known as “'settin’ up” with each other. It does not imply a marriage engagement between the parties, but is rather the method by which the desirabil- itv of such an engagement is determined. It is proper to say at this point that the Pennsylvania Dutch word for kissing is “schmootzing,” derived, no doubt, from the German verb schmutzen, to tarnish or soil. It is. of course, inevitable that the custom alluded to should often lead to very serious results. The court calendar j at every session is burdened with the com- f a plaints of young ladies who have loved un¬ wisely. To the current term of the quar- j w.t?'

ter sessions of this county alone, sixteen ^ T>V sorrowing damsels have brought their grievances. Such cases are so common that thev attract no special attention. A young lady would not lose her reputation in the slightest degree by taking a trip of a week, say to New York, Philadelphia or - -7 MRS. B0RD3KH. Wasliington, with a young man, It is bv no means unusual. And it may bo said years old when Washington died, aud too, as a rule, that the young people are the Chicago Herald says she distinctly re¬ worthy of the prodigious confidence re¬ members the sorrow of the people on posed in them. Few others could so cast that occasion. Her husband, Peter off all safeguards to the morality of youth Bordner, died in 1831, when he was but! and show such an honorable record. ten months from being 100 years old.j These, and indeed all the customs men¬ Thirteen children were born to them, of j tioned, are those of a confiding people, a widely scattered population making the whom ten are living, and their de-1 best of their few social opportunities. scendants, including twenty-four great- j Most of them, however, have survived the shildren, now number 333 persons. conditions under which they were estab¬ - lished and might now be retired tojhe ad¬ vantage of the community. As a people,) with language, customs and traditions peculiar to themselves, they are rapidly passing away. Although this blood is the best strength of nearly 8,000,000 Pennsyl¬ vanians, and of something like a million more in other states, there remain but a few thousand families—probably 2o,000 families—of the old unchanged stock, such The Pennsylvania Geramns. as we have been portraying here, ibe The Pennsylvania German Society has rest, through intermarriage and long as¬ vindicated the wisdoA of its organization ; sociation with the dominant race, nave by turning the eyes of this generation of 1 lost their peculiarities, and are indistin¬ men and women for a little space away guishable from them, unless it be by from the vaunted and acknowledged reason of their greater patience, confidence and steadfastness of purpose.-- , merits and virtues of our English-speak¬ ing forefathers to the more modes', but , ( /*1 equally meritorious, endowments of the t sturdy settlers of this State. Their praises haye remained unsung, not so much from a lack of facts worth chroni¬ cling, as from an indisposition to brag over \§)aZ^, iM*’ * f their achievements. They were satisfied She Remembers Washington s Heath. in the consciousness of well do»g, trust¬ Mrs- Christina Borcfner ha3 just cele¬ ing to the solidity of their work to bruit brated her 1031 birthday in Lr.vislo-va, ‘ V"" 1 their fame abroad. Their trust has not J been altogether in vain. Pennsylvania From, speaks for itself; and it has given a color $ of sober steadiness to the populations of other States whither its sons and daugh¬ ters have pushed their way westward. The difference between Pennsylvania and. the other thirteen colonies before the Date,,. .? 1 •' / /y/ 3- Revolution which separated them from the control of the mother country con¬ sisted largely in the fact that she had already managed to attain by the arts of peace the liberty of thought and move¬ ment which became a common possession ! as the result of war. That toleration of His Second Term as Penn¬ opinion and willingness to live and let live which were hammered into the under¬ sylvania’s Senator. standing and the institutions of the other colonists, as the result of common dangers and aspirations, grew spontaneously in the colony founded by Penn. CAMERON’S LONG TERM Thefcffort of the Pennsylvania German Society to command for the Germans who thronged hither in the colonial period, A Glance Over tlie Hist of Distin¬ and who have impressed themselves in¬ guished Men Who Have Repre¬ delibly upon the growth of the State and sented the State in the country, that standing which accords with their deserving should find the utmost Nation’s Councils. encouragement. In a recent admirable address, delivered before the society at its Harrisburg, Pa.. Jan. ir>. meeting at Lebanon, Mr. Benjamin M. On the day after to-morrow (the Nead spoke feelingly of the painful neglect third Tuesday of January), at 3 P. ML, apparent in the emasculated, scattered, the two Houses of the Legislature will vote separately- for a United .States-, imperfect and unprotected condition of Senator to succeed Matthew Stanl -y the archives of our State history as com¬ Quay. The unanimity of the Republi¬ pared with the careful collation of the can vote for Mr. Quay will rob the or¬ annals of New England. In order that es, si on of much of its interest. On the day following, at 12 o’clock nocin, the future generations may have “a correct I two Houses meet in joint eonvention ! appreciation of the greatness of their in the hall of the House. Lieutenant State, with some insight at least into the Governor Watres presiding. The jour¬ nals of the two Houses, showing the history of the blending of the heterogen¬ vote on the Seuatorship, will then be eous elements which to-day compose the read, and the certificate of election great body of her citizenship, and of her will be signed. In case it was found that the same mighty influence as a centre of civiliza¬ person had not received a majority of tion,” Mr. Nead insists that two things are the votes in each House, the joint As¬ imperatively necessary: sembly would be called upon to vote: for Senator, and the person receivin'' First. The preservation of such of her a majority of the joint ballot would be archives as still remain, to which may be ! declared elected. As Senator Quay wili j added the proper recognition and exhibi- receive a large majority in each House, | tiou by monument and statue of the pre- a joint ballot will not be necessary. If, however, on joint ballot, a majority j eminent representatives of her soldiership should not be cast for a single individ¬ ' and statesmanship. ual, or, in other words, if a deadlock Second. The awakening of such an in- should ensue, the joint Assembly woulu be required to meet at 12 o’clock noon 1 terest in her past achievements as will in- on each succeeding day during the ses j duce the preparation and introduction sion of the Legislature, and take at , | into her schools of a “Home History.” least one vote until a Senator shall be elected. To these objects we trust the Pennsyl- Although there is no prospect of a vania German Society may seriously ad- deadlock this session, many here re¬ ' dress Itself. Out of the multitude of gifted call the exciting condition of affairs at the session of 1881, which resulted in | and honored contemporaries who are the election of John I. Mitchell to suc¬ ! proud of their Pennsylvania German an- ceed William A. Wallace. A number 5 cestry there should be found some who of joint ballots were taken without a choice, when the Republican leaders, j would be willing and competent for th<^, finally determined to abandon Harry B task. ._._ Oliver, of Pittsburg, in favor of Mit- anil" was "afterward electea Secreta , (■hell. Don Cameron dominated the[ the Senate, a position he failed for Id deal, and supposed he had a proper un- j years. He was the founder of the Con¬ tierstanding with Mitchell, but when gressional prayer meeting and the Con¬ that gentleman, after he had been, gressional Temperance Society. Gov¬ elected, denounced “machine politics ernor William' Findlay was Senator and ignored the men who placed him I from 1821 to 1827, and was appointed in the Senate,' a sorer or sadder set f Superintendent of the Philadelphia of leaders were never seen in Harris¬ Mint when his term expired,, holding burg. that office nearly 14 years. William 7,00 VC IMG BACKWARD. Marks. Beaver County’s second repre¬ sentative in the Senate, succeeded It is interesting at this time to Lowrie, being promoted from the State glance back at Pennsylvania s represen¬ Legislature. Isaac D. Barnard _ was, tation in the United States Senate. elected Senator in 1827. but he resigned Mr. Quay is the thirty-third man to after four years of service, and was sue- have been honored with a seat m that ceeded by George Mifflin Dallas, ^ who bodv since Congress organized ltiliSJ. took a prominent part in the debates William Maclay and Robert Morris during his two years of service, bat de-j were the first Senators to be chosen, dined re-election. He was subsequently under the Federal Constitution in that, elected Vice President on the ticket with year. Mr. Maclay drew the short term | James K. Polk. When, in 1846, the bill' and served but two years. He led abandoning the protective policy camt^ the opposition to President Washing¬ , before the Senate, the vote on it was a ton, and was one of the leaders in the formation of the Democratic par y.j tie and Dallas cast his vote for free1 After retiring from the Senate lie trade. ’William Wilkins, of Pittsburg, served several terms in the State Leg- succeeded Marks in the Senate, resign¬ ■islature. Robert Morns .declined the ing a United States Judgeship to accept Secretaryship of the Treasury m the the honor. „ , first Cabinet in favor of Alexander In 1834 Mr. W7ilkins left the Senate, Hamilton, preferring a seat in the e'en-, having been appointed Minister to Rus¬ sia. As late as 1855 he was a member atfn 1793, Albert Gallatin, a member of the Legislature. James Buchanan of the Legislature from layette was chosen to fill out the unexpired County, was elected Senator. He held term of Senator Wilkins, and was aftev- the seat only two inontns, however,! ward re-elected, serving until 1845. Mr. being declared ineligible on the ground, Buchanan was prominent in the debates that he had only been a citizen of this ^ of his era. holding his own with Web¬ country eight years. He was afterward | ster and Clay. He is distinguished as Secretary of the Treasury for1Z years the only Pennsylvania Senator who was When Gallatin was ruled out, James Ross of Pittsburg, was elected to nil the unexpired term, and _ subsequent y to succeed himself. Momsserved but Democrat, represented the Keystone one term of six years, and was sue , State from 1833 to 1839. Daniel Stur¬ ceeded by William Bingham, of Phila¬ geon, of Fayette County, served two ' delphia, who also served a single teim-1 terms from 1839 to 1851. He was Mr. Bingham was presment pro tern, known as the ,k Silent Senator in those of the Senate for two years. Joan days when every Senator was expected G. P. Muhlenberg. Democrat, was to be a ready debater, tie is recorded ■elected to the Senate m 1801, but ne as having made but one speech, and that resigned before taking his seat, 1 ies. was: “Any Senator who would say dent Jefferson having appointed h m anything that would tend to the disrup¬ Sunervisor of Revenue for the district tion of the Union is a black-hearted vil¬ of Pennsylvania. George Logan, Demo¬ lain.’’ crat, who succeeded him: was the o ly , strict member of the Society of I i MEN WHOM V.E AIL KNOW. ever chosen Senator. p u.rH In 1845 Simon Cameron made his Samuel Maclay, a brother of Roberfc first appearance in the Semite, serving Maclay, was elected to the j four years as a Democrat. In 18b < he ioiv) He was Speaker ot trie atatej reappeared as a Republican, resigning,^ / Senate at the time of his elevation, and; subsequently to become Lincoln s Sec¬ ■e suca signed his own certificate ot retary of War. In 18t»G he was sent to election. He furnished a precedent foij the Senate once more, and in 18(3 was D-'vid B. H*1 and Congressman Robin- chosen for the fourth time. v,m bv continuing in the State Somite | In the meantime the Senatorship had1, for some time after Ins Senatorial term been filled by James Cooper, Whig, | had commenced, notv.nthsiandmi, the from 1849 to 1855: Richard Brodhead, protests of those opposed to him politi Democrat, 1851-1857: William Bigler, cally. Andrew Gregg represented Penn-j 1S55-1861. David Wilmot, famous as i svlvauia in the Senate from 180< to the author of the “W’ilmot Proviso,"’i i s 13 and Michael Leib from 180,S to tilled the unexpired term of Simon Carn-j | eron from 1861 to 1863. f Edgar Cowan, of Greensburg, served )£& wSe i iu the Senate throughout the war, and iSave?bounty. ^succeeded Gregg, j, at the close of his term iu 1867 was ap-! pointed Minister to Austria; but the | Senate refused to confirm his uomina- mie of the earliest advocates of a pro-, i iou. A son of Sonnier Gowan was a tective tariff. He took a prominent Democratic member of the last Legisla- mart in the controversy growing out of ture. the admission of Maine ifito the Union Tu 1863 Charles R. Buekalew. of Col¬ Walter Lowne. of Butlc UounfA, umbia, the renowned Democratic au¬ served in the Senate from 1819 to thority on the Constitution, secured the 23

h^uatorshTp by ih«vTn:"Hrrow margin “<>'f |ou(' vote. John Scott, succeeded Eucka- i lew, and he in turn was followed by William A. Wallace,-the latter retiring ' in being- succeeded by Mitchell. Mitchell was succeeded by M. S. Quay, who will be elected for a second term ■ ou Tuesday. •1. Donald Cameron, the senior Sena¬ tor from this Start, took the seat va¬ cated by his fathelk in lS77,t.hc latter „ j having resigned in \rder that his sou might succeed him in. ,ue leadership of ll he Republican party Ain Pennsylvania. When he completes hly term in 1807 he will have served long&r in the Senate than any other man whoffias represent¬ ed Pennsylvania in the upper branch of the National Legislature. Mr. Quay is the third Braver Court I turn to be elected to the Senate.

From,.w / / / ./ r

ay..

Date, OLE BULL ■ire etrects pf~despotic, government an#fto j means for their relief. To the furtherance T his plans he devoted with characteristicard

l and protected by the Union’s mighty fihf Some 800 of his countrymen charmed, by the ] prospects ho held out to them settled Oleona. Cozy little, houses fashioned lilt£ {those they left behind them sprang up as if by magic. Oleona, named in Ole Bull's- PITHOLE, DUSHOUR AND ALLAIRE AS THEY AR1 honor, was founded first. Six miles east New Bergen, a reminder of the musician’s birth¬ THEIR SITES, THEIR FOUNDERS, THEIR FATE. place, and two miles south New Norway were , “ It was the dream of an artist, sir, and as aTTuT out. Besides1 these three village? Two j impractical as such dreams generally are,” others were projected but before they could ! said Lars Vcdder, as he stood at the end of be built reverses came. the road leading up by easy grades to the Midway between Oleona and Now Norway summit of the hill where stands the ruins of i and in plain view of both, on the top of a hill the castle built thirty-five years ago by Ole - rising abruptly from the surrounding coun¬ Bull, ere the hopes which he cherished of try, Ole Bull built the castle where he pro¬ founding an asylum for his countrymen on s posed to spend the remainder of his life. A this side of the sea had come to grief. From broad highway formerly led from Oleona to I the little town of Coudersport I had walke d the castle, but forty years of neglect haye out to Oleona, whore good and substantial again made it a part of the surrounding wil¬ j cheer awaited us in the little old-fashioned derness, and it is with difficuty that one can {Norwegian inn. Lars Vedder, the landlord, make his way through the underbrush and is one of the few of the hundreds brought to over the falleu trees that now obstruct it. | Oleona by Ole Bull who still remain. The The view from the site of the castle is a com¬ j hotel in which we are seated was built by Ole manding one. On every side are forests and j Bull, and at first it had a music hall attached rugged trees, and it is in its wild beauty just where the settlers were treated to such music such an abiding place as one would expect as they had never heard before, without the great musician to have selected. money and without price. From the ruins of the castle which remain Ole Bull’s love for his native land amounted m /ty* but a faint idea can be, gained of what it once was. The owner of the property had it torn to a passion, and after he had grown rich and :;4 down some years ago, and now young trees famous in America his thoughts turned in¬ jare growing among its decayed timbers. Those stinctively to his countrymen suffering from who~‘1“ J,remember-j-. it say that it:* was -modeled settlers who regarded their gifted, PTcFtLc castles of Nor'way, ana bulKof stone man as something more than bu_ iul lot's with: square towers at the cornels. who expected to find their homes m The win flows are old-fashioned with circular world literally underlaid with mines dements and carved mouldings, and so mas¬ discovered that the soil which, after sive™ ere the doors that when the castle was labor yielded them cnly a bare subsistence, torn down only the strongest bars could force helon’ged to another. Disappointed and dis¬ them open. ?Under the broad porches, buiffc couraged they went away, and now but few in the sain©, enduring way, were bird houses, rcmfnders remain of the daring attempt to where the musician’s feathered friends often came to listen to the plaintive notes of his violin. Inside the castle the woodwork was elaborately carved and the walls cov ored tv ith 'ij tin+'pfl T>at)er while the furniture was .1 are everywhere apparent. .Nature nas hand-made and brought from hc5'“(1,*e f aw hidden even tte sit* of the castle, in the, Ole Bull’s favorite room commanded a view erection of which a fortune was expended, eastward stretched the that remain^ perfect °is th^waUwhlh sur- Blue Bidge a faint line along the edge of the rO»“-a melancholy reminder of an ar-l Sy while miles and miles of hills and val¬ leys covered with beech, chestnut and oak tist’s splendid dream. •md interspersed with streams ot shining sil- Oleona is not the only deserted town in, ver lav between. To this room, when any- Pennsylvania about which elmg stirring an thin "troubled him, the lord of the manor waS wont to retire with his favorite violin. romantic associations. . No old-time resident The settlers who still remain have many of the oil region has forgotten Pithole andthe story to tell of the magic powers of this in¬ wild excitement of wbieb it was the cent . strument ; how, when he played upon it, the But his memory must'not he too long, or o hhXwouid gather in flocks on the trees be¬ short if we are to get an interesting ato y, side the window and even the deei would from him. If his associations with the name come from out the wood. are of ante-bellum days, all he can tell us ts ofi But before the task he had undertaken was half completed Ole, Bull discovered that his agent had failed to convey the property to him and that he had no title to the land. The tract purchased was a part of the btew- ardson estate, in Potter county, and bad been year the poor pi#*^ were o^eta.y sold by the trustees of the estate, Messrs. Stewardson and Vans, of this city, in entire dress °oi some other simple article of attire, in no ranee that it was being bought for Ole . which Wed for Sunday and hohday cos¬ tumes until some time ««xt year, when it waj the reduced to the ranks of work.ng-uress bun F4ilfon^t10teS Sf SrZf superseded by another piece m.Sari&fmery

days Their ancestor.3 were the original se t,,„s ole Bull came to Philadelphia and put himself into communication with the trus¬ th™primeval1 forest and lived, married and tees who had never before Jheard ot him in died there, handing thJ place down from gene- i ..A sil ot connection with the transaftiom—They 1 ration to generation. A sll^pj^deed nishes only a similar story ot Pitbole. maeeu, --'!» 1 a legal commission sent out by a Scotch probate court in 1869 returned to listed

poor testator may have been insane, JJ Jrin- there arc some who ai'Sue cn gene P ciples that any man who left so nuchmon y to a church must be insane. But porn Dun^ rm was not wool gathering ^lion Ue hat beauest He had not kept abreast with theVimes, that was all. There was no church ,,r(, ;n 1869, as the commission testinoa , hut there had been ole throe_ years before, and Duncan had been a member of it. But much may happen ini an mlto|niUthree wars Duncan, living m Scotland, u ne e there had been little change in centuries, had not calculated on the transformation of P.t- hole. The only man who can do justice to the glories of Pithole iu its palmydays^ tbe OLE BULL’S CASTLE. man who can remember the pe™d o l866-^ In those days Pithole was a city with large !f5 after hotels and banks and an opera house “ who despised Pithole at that time did ™t un¬ recoy|SatBut orfulPs finances were at a derstand or appreciate the merits o low ebb, and he was discouraged, by the un¬ ishing town. It promised to rival Oil T ty toward catastrophe. / ci mule 1 Norwegian and Titusville. Its population ranged In the meantime fhe simple i- / 1 if 27

1~,000 to 15,000 ; busy,.eager throngs crowded ,c. " Big hotels werei run up and the Pi„ the sidewalks of its greets, handsome build¬ >aily Record chronicled the progress of ings were in course oferectkm and the banks the community from Jay to day. Wells were reckoned their transactions in millions. drilled in every direction and real estate The source of the sudden change was like that which had transformed other towns of brought unheard of prices. One old man, I that region. The man with the sprig of who may have unconsciously posed to Mr. witch hazel had been there and pronounced [William Dean Howells as a model for Mr. the kind of benediction which affects ..values. Dreyfoos in his story, had spent a dreary ex High up on a hill there was a fissure in the listenco trying to make a bare living out of a rocks, varying in width from two feet in some hit of arid land near the centre of all the ex¬ places to four feet in others, and of unknown citement. His head was pretty well turned depth. The farmers thought it a nuisance, j for their sheep fell into it; the more curious by the changes in the quiet country scenes in ] of the people were always intending to explore which he had spent all his days. He deplored j it, though they never did ; no one knew or the havoc of the farms, t ut eventually sold cared what had caused it or what it signified. his bit of land for $800,000. Coming out of the But it was sufficiently conspicuous to identify old shanty, which he had called his home for so the district and the pithole gave its name to many years, he turned and looked at it with the town when streets and houses covered the loving, lingering gaze and then at the wad of fields on which the Hoimdens had lived and thousand dollar hills that he had received for toiled. There was a legend that no snow ever it and repented his bargain. It was a big for¬ ! lay around the crevasse, but that tho hot air tune and he knew it, but he wailed out the which came from it in gusts melted the snow sorrowful plaint: “Now, I hain’t got any as it fell. The only inference from the phe¬ home.” But the new people who thronged Pit- nomenon that the people drew was a theologi¬ hole’s hotels and streets did not furnish many cal one, and any person skeptical as to the specimens of this unworldly nature. They Presbyterian creed could be floored by the were jolly dogs making the most of the boom mute testimony of the hot blasts from the and rejoicing in the influx of gold. Genial, fissure. hearty, jovial spirits the majority of them were, and many stories are told of But after the visit of the man with the their lavish expenditure and their wild witch hazel the chasm was no longer asso¬ pranks. They had a social organiza¬ ciated with the place that is said to he paved tion which they called “The Swordsmen’s with good intentions, but rather with the Club,” which served as an outlet for some of their overflowing hilarity. Whatever prohi¬ other place whose streets are paved with gold. bition sentiment there may have been in The crowd that came at the first news of the Pennsylvania at that time did not centre discovery of oil had more practical ideas of about Pithole. Liquor was costly, for the wealth than to use it for paving stones, but hotel men wcTe there to make tv hat they for a time there was enough money afloat in could out of the boom, but the Swordsmen, some of whom owned a well, or shares in one", Pithole to have done considerable paving had and others were superintendents or some they been so minded. The Holmden farm other officers about the place, could afford to was sold out in small sections, and the four keep the corks flying, while a thousand bar¬ men who sold it netted a million dollars each. rels of oil a day could be extracted and sold One of them was the man Duncan, before for prices ranging from five to eight dollars a alluded to, and he was the only one of tho barrel. four who kept his million till his death. The wells sunk turned out a thousand barrels a Mr. A. Minor Griswold, who was famous in day and every barrel could be sold for $8 at journalism as “ The Fat Contributor,” used the well’s mouth or 'could be sent at small to tell with melting pathos the story of his cost to the New York market. The compe¬ tition for shares in the holes was intense. A lecturing at Pithole under the auspices of the sixteenth share commanded a big price. It Swordsmen. It was the fullest house, he was at Pithole that the climax of rapidity in i said, he ever saw. The lecturer was the only fortune-making was achieved. One of the ! man in the place that was not choke-full. speculators made $57,000 in little more than I He was always very emphatic about the one a minute. He bought a three-fourth in¬ j exception, though the survivors of the audi¬ terest in a well for $18,000, the money to be paid the next day. Turning away from the ence do not dwell much on that point. The vendor, he met a man looking for just such subject of his lecture was “ Hun-ki-do-ri,” an investment and promptly rcsold to him his | and his remarks on the inspiring theme were recent purchase for $75,000 and received pay- ; not the kind that a judicious superintendent rnent on the spot, in the presence and almost of a Sunday school would make from his desk. within hearing of the original seller. He had The lecturer bad been obliged to walk eight the prudence to leave Pithole immediately, miles to reach Pithole, as it was in the early carrying away the fortune he had made in a days of the boom and there was no public minute, before any of the sharks who were conveyance. preying on the lucky speculators could get The pipe line was laid, but its motive hold of it. At first the oil was hauled in power could only operate outward from Pit- wagons to Titusville, about seven miles off, or hole and it was, anyway, only two inches in to the Miller farm, six miles off, which were diameter. The Fat Contributor, therefore, the nearest railroad points. After a few had to foot it, and the only thing that dwelt weeks the first pipe liu« was put down by in his memory of the lourney was the extra¬ Mr. A an Sickel, and with a pump supplied by ordinary number of rattlesnakes he saw by Beed & Coggswell, of New York, the oil was (the way. The opera house had not been pumped directly through a two-inch pipe to erected then, but one of the big hotels was the Miller farm, on Oil creek. Later the going up and the Swordsmen had secured the Allegheny Biver Railroad ran a branch to lower portion of it for the lecture. Boards Pithole and soon the Echo and Pithole Rail¬ j temporarily laid across barrels served as seats road was laid and in full operation. ; in the dress circle and there were a few j “ boxes” for the elite. A man who was play- The fall oC 1866 witnessed a general and j ing a hand-organ in the street was engaged stupendous boom toeverj thing in and around ! by the lecturer as orchestra. The Swords¬ men provided the ticket-seller, and another who, in 1793, foreseeing the danger the nobility of France, fled with ma tr:p(i to lynch1, served as the usncr. to this country, and so escaped the The placed was crowed and the audrence the guillotine which was the f»t«of of his order. He belonged to the 1 gration, and when hea^®d„^^a that the Marquises Noailles and la^ ’inrchased a large tract of land asjv refuge msmmdeclaiming, was at an °P®^ , , wllich he’ for the French nobles who could make him raking away the lecturei s h_, L l their escape from Robespierre, and the Tacobius They hoped that the Ivingand luo family would also be prevailed upon ti come , house, sothe loss But when but that hope, as we know, was desti^to be disappointed. They named t lum,” and that it was an appropnaU^amei

relics of pithole.

•sr^»sa^.“nSit as oulv a temporary refuge. Never weie

OLE Bull- AND HIS FEATHERED AUDITORS. pverX? to their circumstances as taT as »incy i \ The Marquis de Blacons kept th 1 iivided with W“J^01th|°wholi°Xtr.^He wold in obligating hotel, where had to walk *“ehe«ted to tthe h ^ the men who had put inthe+bP landlord had iug to receive their pay Swordsmen kept m“ mu ~f?'»|“a.yS»a”v£Sy i him around tor a disgorged the congratulated jhemselves ‘Tli^thfiix i 4™S*»«”* well-treated at Pithole^ Sdswh was too deeply cast do y tivitjes 0f his country to ■If^ ^ H built hiniselfa stone’s philosophy of from hour to hour ifthe wiltS- four miles away and to hour wo ripe, and then irom u » «•— >';>*■” £5 tonyaJ^ his6 distinguished -4^^^ 3*5SiSX»«o».Mdik.W 1 foucault, who paid i v , , „j by the First

o„t»»d' getfromunde^ N ^ pithoto

ZJSww S 1« «*>»»> s^tssrffsrss&sL «* “K'fe'H'Srts railroad had been. _

, «»—*„ ,111,,! tbo “»rise and fall on oi rn have calle of Dusbore, another de- city directories. Du fhoui ,, , by Ins

SSrr^origt with thehdS“guShed| 555? SSJ» SS£m >—

,4«„S“o*™?. “>«• A“b'rt au T‘“-'1 ■m ■ iltoa-c„ . _ __r-*,_town in tfSTIovciy country near of Wheatland, in the Shenango Valley, about The furnaces were built in 1835, a spacious two miles from Sharon, Pa. It was settled mansion for himself. and his family was in 186^ by Captain James Woods, of Pittsburg, erected, a pretty little church was put up and then a leader in the iron industry. Ho had a large number of comfortable homes for his noticed the excellent location as he passed to workpeople. Mr. Allaire had every reason to and fro between New Castle and Sharon, and be satisfied with the early years of his experi¬ ment. The little community was all he ex¬ eventually, in 1863, he bought a tract of land pected of it. The thousand acres it covored and built his • first furnace. The business was his own property, he was Judge and Mayor and everything else for the people, his works found them employment, his roofs cov¬ ered them and in patriarchal simplicity the village thrived and was happy. It was about 1850 that the scene changed. Orders came to shut down the works temporarily. The workmen knew nothing of the reasons, but supposed it was due to temporary depres¬ sion of trade and they waited patiently for resumption. But later came an order from the court, taking possession of everything in the village. The people, bitterly lamenting, departed and from that time to this the vil¬ lage has been falling to decay. No repairs were made to the houses and the roofs have fallen in and the windows fallen out. The little store, with its modest stock, left in it, in obedience to the court’s order, has. fallen with the rest. The bell fell from the tower and all that could crumble away has done so. The only exceptions are the mansion, which, a decree of the court restored to the Allaire family, and the church, which has hei scrupulously kept iu repair and where country clergyman, who drives in every Su day, holds a weekly service. He must, fancy, often be tempted to take as his “ Behold your house is left unto you deso¬ THE LAST OF DUSHORE. late.” grew rapidly and Captain Woods acquired the Rufus R, adjacent coal mines. A town grew up around the prosperous works and Captain Woods gave it the name of Wheatland after James Buchanan’s estate. Its population increased From, until in the census of 1870 it boasted 3,000 in¬ habitants. The next year a large rolling mill was erected for the production of rails for the Northern Pacific and Texas Pacific Roads and the town had a new boom of prosperity. Then came the great crash of Jay Cooke’s failure in | Date, ./ i' ft *L. „ 1873 and the company was carried down with him. Its debts at the time of the suspension were nearly $4,000,000, and its assets nomin¬ ally $3,000,0000. The busy scene of industry , fell silent, the great furnaces were dead and 11GNORED IN HlHOMES cold and the bright little town, which had sprung iip with phenomenal rapidity, lapsed into torpidity. In an almost incredibly short PENNSYLVANIANS FORGOTTEN IN THE time the population of 3,000 diminished until less than 200 remained, and Wheatland was REVOLUTIONARY STORY. numbered among the deserted towns of the State. NEW ENGLAND GETSTHECREDIT None of the deserted villages yet mentioned corresponds so closely as does Allaire, N. J., to that famous spot which Goldsmith has Aims of the Pennsylvania German Society made immortal: Which Has Been Formed to Collect Rec¬ Sweet Auburn, loveliest village of the plain, Where health and plenty cheered the laboring swain. ords — Moll Pitcher Not a New Eng¬ Philosophy and philanthropy were combined lander, But a Pennsylvania Girl. in its inception, and only ruins are left to ‘tell the story of the failure. Mr. James D. | When the Colonies revolted against the op- Allaire, whose iron products were famous in I pression of Great Britain and made common New \ork in the early years of the century, s cause in their struggle against the mother conceived the idea, like the noted English i country, there was none that did better ser- manufacturer, Sir Titus Salt, pf “ building a i vice or contributed more to the success of the city a nhistory of Pennsylvania displayed of this society was held at Lebanon, when its roll showed a membership of nearly one | by the majority of her citizens. hundred and fifty, an indication of the inter¬ A different state of affairs is found to exist est felt in the work laid out by the society, j in New England. The young people are At this meeting a step was taken in the taught history from a New England stand¬ direction of clearing away the mists that! point ; they are taught to cherish the memory have been allowed to gather about the mem¬ of the New England patriots who took part ory of the early Pennsylvania Germans. Committees were appointed in all the Penn¬ in the events which led to the formation of sylvania German centres, and were instructed the American Republic-men whose deeds to obtain all the documents and mannscripts! are celebrated in song and story. Boston as relating to the history of this people that are for so long a time considered herself the hu accessible. By this means it is hoped that around which the balance of the literary much material will be secured that will be) world revolves that the coterie of winters invaluable when Pennsylvania’s history which makes that city its home seems to have comes to be written. entirely forgotten, or if it has not forgotte . carefully conceals the fact that there were It may be asked how it comes, if Pennsyl- \ many men who took a prominent part in the| vania Germans took such a prominent part j struggles of the colonies who were not de¬ in the events of the Revolutionary period, eded from a Puritan ancestry. These that they left no record of it behind them. New Englanders set the copy and writers in The answer to this is simple. The Pennsyl¬ other States, especially in Pennsy vania, aie vania Germans were a God-fearing, hard¬ working people. They came to America with member that there are fields of history as one purpose uppermost in their minds: to fellow as those which have been plowed times make homes for themselves. War was ab¬ innumerable during the last hundred years. horrent to them; they had had a surfeit of that iu the Fatherland whence they had The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has come. But when evil times fell upon their been very lax in the matter of goring the adopted country and she called upon them ■ memory of her earlier citizens who builded for aid they forgot their dislike for war. the foundations upon which to-day rests t e shouldered their rifles and fought as they: had been trained to fight in their native land. grand keystone of the Federal arch. The When the war was over they returned to written records of the State for years were, their homes in the Lehigh, Lebanon and allowed to moulder and decay in garret an Cumberland Valleys.The war wasan incident. , cellar or to fell into the hands of the junk a soul-stirring incident, but, still, an incident. dealer as waste paper. Records ot inestim - Though they had risked their lives and had ble value were thus allowed to Pe*ls£ a“?eeu been actors in many a warlike scene, the con¬ is only in recent years that a halt been flict was over and the work iu band was re¬ called in this march of vandalism. Time pairing the damage occasioned by their ab¬ enough to preserve the few documents t at | sence, and to that they turned their ener¬ remain but too late to recover much that gies. Iu the intimacy ot their own firesides would’have proved invaluable as bear- they might taik over the events in which they tog upon the lives and deeds of had taken part, and many of them even neoDle whose history has yet to be made notes of their experiences, for there written The Commonwealth shows no signs, were men of education among them; hurt of being aroused from the apathy which they were a simple-minded people, not given envelons it in this respect, and if anything is to sounding their orn trumpets. Then, too, to be done to fescue from obli vion the,me: -i iu those days communication between the nrv of early liennsy Iranians it must be the different sections of the country was slow work of pr4te bauds. There are still in; and at long intervals and they did not know existence hidden away in garrets and that their New Eugland comrades were ' 6 ! Private papers of many a man claiming nearly all the credit for “ saving who took a ptominent part in the Revolutiou- the country.” There were no newspaper Try tru^lSd this is the source from controversies, no “fighting the battles o’er,” ; which the re prd of Pennsylvania^ share in such as has been $o common ever since the | The history c\ that period must be obtained, | 29

|close ot ~tli© civil war. It woakl haveheen sylvania, and, as usual, the Newr England lagood thing for Pennsylvania had such been writers proceeded to give her a local habita¬ the case, for then the truth would have be¬ tion up North, in this case at Lynn, Mass. come known and Pennsylvania would to-day Lynn may have had a Molly Pitcher, but it occupy the place in history to which 6he is was not the Molly Pitcher of Revolutionary entitled. fame, for the heroine of Monmouth was a Pennsylvania German eirl and her remains We are sometimes told that there were no rest in Pennsylvania soil. romantic incidents connected with the ser- Some time before the Revolution Mary vice of the Pennsylvania troops in the Revo¬ Lupwig was a German girl living in the lution, such as are so common throughout family of William Irvine (afterward General), New England, and which serve to keep alive at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. On July 24, 1769, the memory of the participants. But how many such incidents may be recorded and lie she was married to John Casper Hayes, a I hidden under the dust oLyears on account of barber of that place. When the war began ithe retiring disposition of the chief actors in Hayes enlisted in the First Pennsylvania ;them? Whenever such an incident became ; Artillery, Colonel Thomas Proctor, and was known New England claimed the credit of it afterward in the Seventh Pennsylvania Beg- land through ignorance of the facts in the : iment. Colonel William Irvine. As was fre¬ case this claim was often allowed to stand quently done in those days, Molly Hayes fol- unquestioned. I was forcibly reminded of ! lowed her husband into the field. At the ithe truth of this statement the other day by battle of Monmonth Hayes, who had charge I Ian article in The Times on Moll Pitcher. of a cannon, was wounded and his wife took Everyone has heard of Moll Pitcher and of his place until the battle was over and then how she took her husband’s place on the assisted in carrying water for the wounded. ' field of battle when he was wounded. There On account of her services the soldiers nick¬ S jhas always been a little uncertainty as to the named her Molly Pitcher. : place to which Moll Pitcher belonged. Of After leaving the army Molly returned l course no one could for an instant suppose with her husband to Carlisle. There the lat¬ ■ j that such a celebrity could belong to Penn- ter died and some time later she married John McKolly, but her second marriage was where Washington struck his not a happy one. ^Tie died January 22.1S33, J for the freedom of this country >g and was buried with the honors of war m Port Necessity from 11 in the in the 0U1 cemetery atlCarlisle. In 1876 a num¬ msei ber of citizens of Cumberland county erected | till 8 in the evening, against odds, commanding the admirati Of his I head and foot-stodes over her grave, the „__ .. 1 - \ larger of which bedvs the following inserip- French foe. This battle was fought July tion: 3, 1754. The grave of Jumonville, MOTlLY McCaux-y, killed in a previous skirmish, is near, Renowned in History as “ Molly Pitcher, and so is also-the grave of the ill- The Heroine of Monmouth, Died January, 1333. fated Braddock. These places are within a few miles of each other, and only Erected by the citj^“!s^of Cnmberiand County, a few miles from Uniontown. Mr. Moyer regrets it that such men as Clay, Webster, Jackson, and others who traversed the Had Molle Pitcher really been a resident of National Pike and passed close to those Massachusetts her resting place weald be: historic spots did not see to it that they marked by a suitable monument, and her were properly marked, and regrets still memory would be kept green. But, as before more the neglect of them in our own day. remarked, Pennsylvania is not given to hon¬ This work belongs to Congress, and we oring the memory of her illustrious dead, and hone that the Congressmen from this K. "iC'crmolw^lS region will take an interest m it. The wiis not entirely unmindful of MjriK other, the preservation of the birthplace of Molly Pitcher, for on February 21, 1822, of James G. Blaine and the purchase of the Legislature of Pennsylvania passed an act the site of the birthplace of James trantinv her a gratuity of $40 and an annual Buchanan and the erection of a monu¬ pension of the same amount “ for her services ment upon it, belongs to the people. # during the revolutionary war^ ^ ^

From,

.(2&- •

A LETTER OF FRANLIN’S.

it® To Mark HistoriCn-places- A Side Light Thrown on Continental Con¬ We would not be churlish, but if the gress Finance, State is to honor the memory of James To llie Editor of Thk Press. Buchanan by purchasing the site of H > Sir:—In one of your papers of a recent! birthplace and erecting a monument to date I read an account, of an anniversary him on it at a cost of So,000, why should in honor of Benjamin Franklin. Si nee read¬ it not do the same thing for other sons ing it, I have thought some of your readers equally famous and useful? James G. would be interested in reading one ot his Blaine did not spend his life in Pennsyl¬ letters. This letter, a copy of which 1 send you, is one of the many relics or 1 vania, but it was his Pridp- to be knXce “Colonial Times1’we have treasured up j f.r Pennsylvania origin. His birthplace, among our “family archives.’’ My grand- : SS to decay, should be preserved , mother was Mary Rittenhouse, niece or and the suggestion of Thu Times that an | David Rittenhouse. She was noted for bei . carefully preserving any papers that came k association for the purpose be to.med into her possession. This letter came to j has met a hearty response so far away as us in a very natural way', and can be | Philadelphia. We did not suggest that readily accounted for to those who may de- j ibis be done by the State, becan* we be¬ sii’e. It is written by a clerk, hut “Your most obedient and most humble servant, , lieved that it would be done better by in. B.Franklin,’’is in Franklin’s well-known, dividuals prompted by their aff handwriting. The letter was written him and as a testimonial of‘ thfi* app while he was our Minister to France. ; j elation of his splendid services Ht the James N.Nouhse, birthplace of Buchanan be marked, Elizabeth, N.J., Feb. 2, 1893. Passy, July 21, 1780. Gentlemen:—I declined having anyfi r Moyer, of Kill ottsville, m Fayette Concern with the Bills drawn on M. Laurens, because I bad no Orders nor Ad¬ vice concerning them, and knew nothing of their Amount, and because he himself was daily expected to arrive in Holl But being lately informed that the gress stop the Proceeding in those Dr S?t«;:* Is *e Great Meadows, w soon after it commenced, having by sting Facts About st, ..j, and Lions, Porcupines, sum drawn for on that Gentle- f \r1S n<>t cons^erabl9 and the Destination Eagles and o M. .Laurens may be changed or delayed; . have concluded to pay those you have Wild Cats. aJ> eady accepted; and if the others are l Pres°ntcd to me here, I will continue to accept them till his Arrival unless some good Reason should appear or arise to the HERB wiU J Contrary, in which case I will return them be a 1 immediately, that the Possessors may pro¬ mountain test them. from As to the Loan you formerly proposed Pennsyl¬ vania at to commence, and of which you now repeat the the Proposition, it being now more than a World’s year since you undertook to procure and Fair. A produce to me Subscriptions of Sums for wonderful the Purpose which might induce me to en- mountain, i SaSe in it, and you haviug not hitherto with for¬ ests and from the low state of our Credit in Holland etreame found any such Subscribers, I am fully of and glens opinion that the Project is not at this and cayes; time practicable. with lakes ,j| if it were, yet as long as there is a sad pools possible Expectation of the Arrival of M. in seques¬ Laurens, I should not think it right for me tered spots and to anticipate him in a Business that would j marshes among the foot billsL But above more properly appertain to his Employ¬ all it will be a mountain peopled with over ment. I thank you, nevertheless, for the 1000 birds, beasts and reptiles, natives of Zeal and Readiness you show to serve the tbe Commonwealth of William Penn, Interests of the United States, and have i Just now this mountain is in car load lots the Honour to be with great Regard, at Harrisburg, awaiting transportation to j Gentlemen, ° tbe shores of Lake Michigan. Some of it is oot at the State Arsenal, while a portion , Your most obedient & most humble of it lifts its frowning, mimic front in a Servant, B. Franklin. vnst apartment on tbe ton floor of tbe Har¬ Messrs. John Neufvilte & Sons. risburg Post Office building. And that room is as much a curiosity to tbe visitors to tbs State Capital just now as tbe Capi- ; tol Building itself or the members of tbe From,. a State Legislature. School girls and boys, and boys and girls who should go 1 io school but who do not; mechanics and lawmakers, preachers and plowmen,

/ !f , J

OF PfflNSMNIi The Splendid Exhibit Which This Stale Will Hake at Chicago.

DB; WARREN’S UNIQUE IDEA. fc

Wild Turkey. The State Ornithologist to Pre- fashionable society belles and farmers’ I wives and daughters with tbe rich bloom sent a Mountain Filled with ■Iof health on their cheeks, men, women and children to tbe number of 100 a day Birds and Mammals_In¬ l climb tbe three flights of bluestoDe steps to tbs Supreme Court chamber to look at this unique picture. mountain. __ SECTION 03? THE snaSes poised WTTspTing -So Hfe- sharp t one waits voluntwBy to.b^th Tbe^oomTtiiTrirwoi-^ tbe abonf'jn Teeming endless and picturesque | to * ?BlatitftvVcilingand massfve Uniat; windows, l«ftycn^gs ^ present9 the most P,°fU ORNITHOLOGIST ^ EATTLEK. outla-dish exbibitiou of frssco work “That fellow might have been tbe death Wjld that temper ‘decorated' .these, e ” and the speaker picked up tbe of “®* tll . held him off at arm’s length •Tiis was tbe amount•|% of !rb.ib^ pbas, P«njbalmed|^5n‘fi and gazed upon the ophidian’s muzzle.wi j a perfect S”igh8toarnflsigns!nTe»p"t-l

ffien1whebb the mountain IS now. rru'xri It is under this composite ^eek-Arabic. Etroscan-EgyptiaW canop*- W‘5ricJ found tbe magnet draws tn« 9Dd mustache, brown eyes asd Jw ^ w lilted back displayed a bign wmw •»* *• tof Sere" ar°e X”lumber. Cn the fl°or ttl6r® l9of (Jement and pM fZ6ofSParis Cbeeta and cases from which ter of Paris. tnbs.naintt I KU™ be carried"in** hi^TefThand a peep birds of gorgeous plumage P J Jo*, coiis of wire «j£ ^ ^ ket.|

«ee Be*W panthers and catamounts, in j tarn” held in place by twme a-jd tacks.^ Where it is desirod to hare one of !”Si.a n«,;4 «««;«.• ?'r»”To”: dead limbs projecting from the ;u P d seem ready with w p 1be visitor, j tree trunk,, pieces of inch «.ok log tongues to po Pdown from trees • couple of inches in width, am i™ er. ! Eagles and buzzard* g**e dow . the trunk and wrapped « ‘b« ®»™« ® f tbe In tbe meantime, i.n anotbef *nd rVith K theTr glassy eyes roosc, one of ‘be®s®p8j?® |ree in a wash preparing tbe bark of tb • tuh he has mixed together *««t P* &3£tefe2* Paris, paper pulp and c.oio”“>;! This is now laid on the imp trunk to a thickness of an inch, SCt ..d .■Hyggjtt' 33

OBOUP OF ^MOUNTAIN LION AND DEEH. lone steel instrument and a coil of dainty miles of twine ancT a dozen barrels of wise. It was Dr. Harry B.Warren, State*' natural fungi and pine wood knots. Tbe 'ornithologist, author of the famous book, mountain consists of 165 separate pieces, (“Birds ef Pennsylvania,” and one of the ranging in size from two feet to foar feet. "foremost scientists in the United _ States. ^ |He is in charge of the exhibit of birds and ! In all of this work Dr. Warren bas bad mammals of Pennsylvania at the Colum- but two assistants, and Mr. Frank Gal¬ Ibian Exposition and with tbe intelligent braith. The process of building a mountain, and hearty ce-operation of Hon. John A. ; makiug rocks and shaping trees is an ex¬ i Woodward, Deputy Commissioner in ceedingly interesting one. An admirable jcharge, tbe display will be one of tbe most fac simile of a rhododendron is made as j remarkable at Chicago. follows: A piece of pine board, fourteen “Yon see it was this way,” continued Dr. 1 inches square, is used as tbe foundation, |Warren, keeping tbe coiled bat inanimate^ f To this base there are nailed two upright [form of the snake at arm’s length. “Ij pieces the height of the tree. Excelsior, I was np in Clinton County last Fall, tbe' tbe thin shavings used by upholsterers, is I guest of Mr.C.K. Sober, bunting specimens then packed around these uprights and held | for our exhibit. We were out in Mr. cju. JtiTy ot glue in the composition caus¬ I Sober’s game preserve one morning, when ing it to adhere firmly to the building II walked right on this fellew. Mr. Sober paper, while the plaster of Paris and paper shouted, but it was too late, for tbe rattle- '‘polo cause it to become hard as wood. j snake bad coiled and leaped right at me. Thv. masipulation of tbe composition, | He came within three iDcbes of my leg. by which it assumes tbe rough form of j but before be could spring again 1 turned ■- bark, is done with the fingers as tbe sub- jjand* am/1 ashot U /\t him.”M II fThen D U/hM Dr.Fiv \l/ev>nnWarren vonlnnodreplaced /fi ee is applied. Before the pulp and tbe serpentina papier macbe rock, and 1 a ter become dry it is touched up in seating himself on another mimic bonlderf); es with mineral paint to give it a close proceeded to tell his visitor all about the'’ Sj resemblance to the natural wood. To wonderful mountain, and its inhabitants, j \ heighten this effect, natural fungi, kits which tbe Board of Commissioners will' :| jef moss, lichens and pine knots are stuck I take to tbe World’s Fair. in the composition—except the knots wbicb BUILDING A MOUNTAIN. are nailed on—which, when it hardens., retains them firmly in place, Tbe portion of the mountain which still j Tbe mountain is made in sections, each j remains intact is thirty feet in length, section being an imitation of a rock both in , twenty in depth and eighteen in height. jbape and color. The unevenness of sur¬ Its dimensions are very deceptive and seem face is obtained by applying the pulp compo- much larger tban they really are. The Vtion irregularly, tbe color is easjy regu¬ , material used in constructing it embraces lated, while th# graaite and shale-like ap- 13000 feet of lumber, boards and scantling, earance ib given by sprinkling mica 'ust and mineral powder upon the pulp, 1 00 pounds of nails and taoks, 240 pounds f very section of the mountain is numbered 4 of pulverized glue, seven' barrels of plaster so that its erection on tbe Columbian Fair | of Paris, three barrels of flour, seven bales Grounds will b® simply a mechanical I of excelsior. 250 pounds of celoriug matter ! affair. of various kinds, fifty pounds of mineral be artijtJc cleverness of tbis conce ption substances, 1000 yards eft-building paper, ,ie entirely te Dr. WarreD, and, whilewhile* 1500 pounds of paper pulp and several hp work bas attracted great attention ip its prerent form, it is unsatisfactory and incom-

VS a: pJUe as compared vritb tbe appearance ffc "Arneng the cat-tails and long grass we} will present *bree months from now in '■m will Dave every variety of awamp inhabit¬ Chicago. ing birds and animals; red-winged black¬ HOW IT WILL LOOK AT CHICAGO. birds,or starling, red birds, coots, rails, also "The mountain as it will appear vbes field mice, wood rats and mask rats. In tbe thickets will be found tbe neste and eggs arfatically complete," said Dr. Warren, of tbe birds. Tbe background to this will *‘y il be somewhat larger than you see it be a thicket of rhododendrons, or buck now in rough outline. There will be laurel, as boaters call it, in full bloom. forest trees upon its side, with ample The bright red-pink and pale-pink of shrubbery in faithful reproduction of Penn¬ blooms will be very effective against sylvania flora. Upon tbe left-baad side of rich green of tbe leaves, and it is here os the acclivity, one-third of tie way up, a tbe~edge of this thicket that we will present | spring of running water will come bab¬ one of our most effective tableaux. pantber.or pnma, known also as tbe moun¬ bling to the surface, forming a pool tain lioc, and by the Pennsylvania pioneers, then overflowing and dashing dawn the as a painter, erect and defiant over tbe car-1 mountain in cascades to tbe lake at tbe cass of a slain deer, bottom. On tbe edges of tfaia lake will be A PENNSYLVANIA LION. a marsh filled with cat-tails and tall swamp mm "I know that it will surprise a great I grasses, wbile in the background will be a thicket of rhododendrons. Upon tbe sur¬ many people,” continued Dr. Warren, as be I face of tbe lake there will be floating water led the way to this magnificent group, “to 5 lilies and other aquatic plant life, wbile know that an animal of this size was killed among them will be swimming tbe ducks, within tbe last forty years in this State. geese and swans of onr collection. This panther was shot by Samnel E. Brush 1 "Four decayed trees will project from tbe in December, 1856, in Snsquebanna County. swamp. On two of these will be mourned For a long time previoas to its death tbe members of tbe hawk family. Another farmers in that region bad suffered f tree with overhanging limbs will be nsed tbe depredations of some wild animal. Sh to illustrate tbe tree inhabiting ducks, and lambs were carried off, and I b those that breed in trees, natives of Penn if in one instance a man was attacked. sylvania, among them being tbe wood ducks3 F.E. Bush, who was then a boy, discover and mergansers, or fish ducks. Still an it and carried the news to bis father, ~ other tree will be inhabited by berons and dispatched tbe beast with live shots cranes. Tbe novelty in this section of tbe his rifle. exbibit will be a fish hawk in full fight “This poms, or mountain lion, mes over tbe swamp with a curling water I 7 feet 9 inches long, stood 30 inches aaake in bis talons^ ___ J and weighed, when killed, 147

:4WP ■ 35

It is the last of its species “There is a prevalent opinion that golden 'State. {eagles are unique,” said Dr. Warren, ae be “From the lake there will pressed a 'dragged from its concealment in a big box stream of water, three fset in width, with la female eagle seated in its nest. “It is not pebble bottom and sand and gravel shores, so. There are quite a number of eagles in which will completely enoircle the moun¬ this State, and while I cannot say that the tain. Along this miniature river will he the number is increasing. I do not think that sand pipers and other shore birds, rulls it is diminishing noticeably. There are and terns. There will he old logs project¬ only two kinds of englee, tbe bald and ing into the stream, on one of which will golden eagle._The_bald eagle, which perch a cood with a tisb in bis claws, while 'figures in - our national coat of arms, is on another will be an otter straggling tore- i known by a variety of names, the most lease himself from a steel trap. In a common of which are black, gray, Wash¬ clump of bashes at the base of the moun¬ ington, wbite-lailed and brown. There is tain, and on the edge of the stream, a fawn only one kind; they are all immature will crouch in hiding, while among the i phases of tbe plumage of the national bird, bushes and thickets will be found the birds I the bald or white-headed eagle. which usually haunt the borders of streams. A TAI.K ABOUT EAGLES. AN.AI.BINO DEEB. “And even tbe name 'bald’ eagle is a : “On the face of the mountain and almost misnomer. Hearing the name and never in its center, in the midst of a clump of . ' having seen one of tbe species one is forced buck laurel, will lie a white or albino to tbe belief that this eagle is wbat its deer, a rare animal in this State. It was : name implies, witbont feathers or covering shot in Clinton County on tbe 3d of last j on its head. On the contrary, it is a bird November, by Mr. George McCartney, of of full plumage, its tail and head being Dauphin County. Only six of these white .white. It is said that it requires about six deer have been fouad in this State in tbe last quarter of a century.” [years to attain this badge of distinction, The unique feature about this mountain jit is very easy to determine tbe difference is its caves. Tbe rock formation will be (between a bald and a golden eagle. The arranged to show three caves, one of them golden eagle has its leas feathered to the having a depth of over ten feet. Half way I toes; a bald eagle’s feathers extend only to ihe summit on the left face will be a half way to the feet.” small opening in tbe rooks, from which a With infinite trouble Dr. Warren has suc¬ catamount, or wild cat, is cantiously emer¬ ceeded in obtaining eagles in every stag* of ging. Directly overhead and less than development from the downy nestling to eighteen inohes from this opening a young the full-fledged bird. The extreme top of wildcat is crouched on a projecting ledge the mountain, with its crags aDd towering watching tbe movements of its dam below. rocks has been alloted to these freebooters This is one of the most realistic pieces of I of the air. The pinnacle of tbe i ountain work in all of Dr. Warren’s splendid col¬ will afford a perch for a splendid specimen lection. of tbe bald eagle. The breeding ground of On the lower right hand face of tbe these birds is along the larger streams of acclivity there is a cave ten feet deep the State, and in tbe vicinity of Lake which will be lighted with electricity. The rocks are draped with trailing vines, damp mosses and straggliug bushes. A she bear, a blsck monster, killed in the mountains of this State, appears at tbe mouth of the cave, followed by a pair of i cubs. Op tbe opposite side of tbe stream ; the male bear stands half erect, bis fore¬ paws on a decayed stump and his grinning muzzle showing bis beautiful array of dental work and a very large tongue. Ho is on guard and prepared to defend his family against intruders. THE BOTANICAL SHOW. The artistic work on this realistic seene, apart from tbe labors of tbe naturalist and taxidermist, is of the highest order. The forest trees on the mountain side will he adorned with tbeir proper leaves, hemlock with its green boughs and bushes, singly an d in thickets, robed in Summer garb. Trail¬ ing arbutus, ground ivy and lichens will add tbeir beauty to tbe picture, but every (leaf and twig will be in strict accord with Porcupine. (the botany of the Pennsylvania mountains. Erie. They are found in tbe neighborhood Even the minor detail of tussocks, er of Fites Eddy and at a few other places on swamp grass, will be faithfully reproduced and colored with dies that will rival Na¬ tbe Susquehanna; also, it is said, along tbe ture’s richest colors. Monongabela and Allegheny Rivers in tbe wester* part of the State in a few favored It may be interesting and not a little sur¬ places. prising to dwellers in the cities, to know In every instance tbe effort of Dr. Warren that there are still a number of eagles shot and bis assistants has been to impart to the in Pennsylvania every year. Dr.Warren inanimate forms of tbe birds and mammals estimates that fram four to six bald eagles which comprise his unique collection char¬ and three golden eagles are shot every year acteristic attitudes, suggestive of their in this State. habits and haunts. This attempt has been ■pv- 'vHHHHh! earned witu consummate suqcesa even into family sub-divisions. The foxes are ex-1 ceediiigly well represented. On a project¬ ing moss-grown tree trunk on the moun¬ tain side there is mounted a splendid sped- j men of the gray fox. There is a knot bole in the decayed trunk from which the sharp little face of a chipmunk is hesitatingly thrust, and the fox half crouching stands waiting above with his eyes riveted on the bit of reddish-yellow mnzzle that protrudes from the opening In the old tree. This is, as it deserves to be, one of the centor pieces in the collection. SOME OTHEB NOVELTIES. Other features of the display show a wild cat springing on an old wild turkey, while the young turkeys, mounting on vibrating wires, are flying away through the foliage Wildcat. of the adjacent trees. In the shelter of a rock at the base of a tree an old possum faintly illuminated with electric ligrbt,^ is stands on her bind legs, her eyes strained shown, from whose recesses a pantner toward a fox on the hillside beneath her. attended by two whelps is emerging. Over¬ A young ’possum’s head protrudes from the head a woodcock is iD flight, carrying one maternal pouch, while half a dozen other j of her downy young ones in her feet. young ones are gamboling about or swing¬ PORCUPINES IN PENNSYLVANIA. ing by their prehensile tails from the limbs One of the meat interesting features of of a dwarf tree. this unique ornithological display will be Reynard’s cunning is shown to advan¬ the surprises which it will present to the tage by a red fox stretched at full length on a rock eyeing a covey of quail tens of thousands of Pennsylvanians who preparing to roost. This latter perform¬ will visit the World’s Fair, in the ance—as hunters know—is a most interest¬ number of porcupines which will fienre in ing one. Quail roost on the ground m a the exhibit. Porcnpines are quite common circle, with tbeir tails inward and beads in Pennsylvania. A hunter employed oy out On the slightest alarm they rise with Dr. Warren killed sixteen of these little a whirr and dart away with coDfnsmg animals in one day, while the Doctor him¬ swiftness in every direction. self got five of them in one week ]D f*1® On the stump of a tree about the bear s wilds of Clinton County, one of which den a pair of weasels are presented. AJ weighed thirty pounds. The average peculiarity of this little animal is that it} weight is eighteen pounds. I changes its fnrry dress from brown in A popular misconception of the Summer to snow white in Winter. Both poroupine is that when attacked it phases are preseated, the browD fellow in itself into a ball, elevates its quills the act of springing *n an old pheasant a peculiar endowment of nature while her terrified brood is darting away needle-like quills at its enemy, into the adjacent bushes. To the extreme enpine does gather itself into a right, and well toward th® top, a cave. handle and elevate its quills, but _ ,_J enemy if fhaer nonsense. The belly of the little animal is the only part of its body unprotected. Bear and wild cat. knowing this, wb»n they find a porcupine thrust their olaw underneath it and rip it up. otherwise the sharp, needle-like points are protection which is absolutely perfect, except against the bullet of the hunter. THE SNAKE SHOW. Snakes will come in for tbeir share of attention. A special corner of the moun¬ tain will be reserved for the ophidians. Outside tbeir den that peculiar phase of reptile life, the cbarmiDg of a bird by a rattlesnake, will be represented by two ser¬ pents about to fight for the possession of a poor little feathered victim which one of Speaker Douglass, of tlie them has fascinated. Then there will be no end of squirrels, black, gray, red or pine Republican House. squirrels, flying squirrels, chipmunks _ and especially a Pennsylvania fox-squirrel. -H- This latter is believed to be new to science, and naturalists are giving it the attention | BORN IN PENNSYLVANIA which it deserves. It was captured by Dr. Warren in the Bine Mountains of this State. The Delicately-Reared Youth Who But there is still another exhibit which will prove not only interesting bnt in¬ Made History With a Sledge Ham¬ structive to farmers and their sons. It will mer When His Duty to His be in wbat is known as tbs agricultural department of the Pennsylvania exhibit, Constituents Demanded It. and it, too, is the work of Dr. Warren and bis assistants. Upon large oak and wal¬ nut panels there will be preseated. in the highest style of the taxidermist’s art, those Washington, D. C., Feb. IS. birds of Pennsylvania which are injurious Pennsylvania was at the front in Kan¬ to agriculture. The birds which prey on sas this week, as the is apt to be when¬ fruits will be exhibited on these panels in ever history is being made anywhere. tbeir acts of destruction, the fruits, straw¬ Speaker Douglass, who, as the official berries, grapes, cherries, apples, plums, heaa of the Republican House of Repre¬ eto., being quite realistic and the finest sentatives, struck the first blow with the specimens of wax work. A panel will be now historic sledge hammer on the floor devoted to each family of destructive birds. which the Populists had barred in their As a whole it will he the unique feature attempt to keep the Republicans out of of the State’s splendid exhibit. the hall of the House, is a Pennsylva¬ nian, born in Erie 39 years ago, and of ABTIFICIAT. Ff.OWERS GAT-OEE. Philadelphia ancestry. He is the eldest The arrangement for the botanic display son of John W. Douglass, formerly of in connection with the exhibit of birds and Erie, Commissioner of Internal Revenue mammals is unusually elaborate. A lead¬ under Grant, and for the past three ing firm in tbe artificial flower line has years president of the Hoard of Com¬ missioners of the District of Columbia. been engaged for weeks in preparing plants, grasses, blossoms and fruits in strict ac¬ cord witb tbe flora of tbe State. As a re¬ sult there are piled up in the Supreme Court room scores of boxes whose contents would stock half a dozen city millinery stores. When tbe exhibit complete is net up in Chicago.Dr. Warren’s laboratory and work¬ shop will be located in tbe bowels of tbe mountain, witb one door leading into the black bear’s cave, and another furnishing egress in tbe rear of tbe bill. Tbe State ornithologist’s laboratory, at present while engaged in this werk, is anywhere and everywhere in tbe large apartment already described. To bis scientific attainments Dr. H.B. Warren unites the rarest skill as a taxidermist/ In tbe presence of tbe writer on Thursday last, he skinned a lark and prepared it for mounting in just two and a half minutes. “On a wager of a supper once. I skinned a bird in a minute and a half,” he said, modestly.

George L. Douglass, Speaker of tba Kansas Itepublican House. ML_ _ IPt. . ''ftfe-' . ..The Speaker’s maternal grand rather, I Wheu he made his first argumeui uc-| whose name he bears. Rev. Dr- George > fore the United States Supreme Court' Lyon, was the first Presbyterian pastor, he so impressed the members of that nt Erie, whither he had gone as to a body, who then at least were not es-i frontier mission with his beautiful and] pecially encouraging to young lawyers, brilliant young wife from eultivituu as to elicit from them compliments Carlisle, and for nearly half a century, such as one of them himself said were was the foremost clergyman of North i rarely given to young men. .western Pennsylvania. Dr. and .Mrs. i Mr. Douglass took the same interest j Lyon were early and ardent abolition¬ in philanthropic affairs here as in Phil¬ ists and made contributions to the free- adelphia, practically reviving the Hu¬ soil party in Kansas dnriug its former mane Society and stimulating other civil war, never dreaming probably that] charitable organizations. In 1878 he their grandson would be .1 central figure married Miss Elizabeth Stone, the daugh¬ in another Kansas conhiot at the end ter of Mr. Charles A. Stone, of .Phila¬ the century. , . „ , . delphia, and the niece of Dr. Newton Speaker Douglass gets his fighting, Stone, of Chestnut Hill. Mood from Revolutionary ancestors on both sides, one of them, his father s TRAVELED IN THE WEST. great-grandfather, John Douglass, hav¬ When Attorney General Brewster ing raised one of the first companies of ■was at the head of the Department of j riflemen in Philadelphia, his commission justice he asked Mr. Douglass to under- us captain being issued by Benjamin take the great task of prosecuting the ] Franklin. Afterwards Captain or Col¬ Star Route contractors in the West, onel Douglass was chosen in 1822, I be¬ and for a year or two Mr. lieve, Sheriff of Philadelphia County, m Douglass traveled all over the West,, bis green old age. His grandson, Joseph endeavoring, with the assistance ox Douglass, grandfather of the Speaker, local counsel, to secure convictions, but f lived in Philadelphia until 1837, when finding in every trial that it was imprac¬ he went out to Erie, where the family | ticable, because of the influence which lived from that time on until his son,! the defendants had with the jury. He John W., came to Washington to the] prepared these cases so thoroughly as head of the Internal Revenue Bureau. to secure the ardent approval of the The Speaker was educated in Erie and Attorny General, and he was invaria¬ in Washington or rather educated him¬ bly sustained by the Judges, but he had self, for he was a precocious and in¬ no means of counteracting the influences defatigable student, with a remarkable brought to bear on the juries, and so; memory aud a great readiness in aequir-1 could not command success. However, ing knowledge. He was a healthy, this important work gave him-an un¬ hearty bov, fond of outdoor sports, hut] usual acquaintance with the West, and, loved books better than anything else, especially, of course, with its legal prac¬ and found his chief pleasure in his studies. Here in Washington lie read' tice and customs as well as with its ’aw and also graduated at the law school leading lawyers. When he returned to Washington, his health having been of the Columbian University. Before he entered tl&i law school here] Eossibly affected by his arduous labors, he had the advantage of a most inter¬ e resumed his practice here, but before esting and instructive tour of Southern long came to the conclusion that the Europe and Egypt and the Holy Land climate was not agreeing with him, and on the U. S. S. Guerriere, as clerk to his determined to go West, to some place father’s friend, Admiral Stevens. On having a drier atmosphere. He had sev¬ his return he went on with his law eral flattering invitations from lawyers studies. in different Western centres, but finally determined to go to Wichita, in Kansas, HIS RESIDENCE IN PHILADELPHIA. which was then booming. Accordingly ! Very early in his legal career he was lie removed there with his family, sent by the Department of Justice to then consisting of his wife, a son and a Philadelphia to collect some long- daughter, and has since resided there. | ■i standing obligations due the Govern-1 He soon became one of the leaders ofj rnent, a difficult task which exercised j the bar and the possessor of a large all his abilities in and out of Court practice. , and kept him in Philadelphia for a, In spite of the tact that he was not a year or two, during which time he haci, politician and averse to participation m . I believe, an office with William S. practical politics, liis prominence m the Lane. His father had many friends m i community aud his interest in public Philadelphia, and many of them be- questions, inherited from his ancestors, 1 came the friends of the son, forming but especially from his gTanduiother a high opinion of him. This was es¬ Lyon, who read among other things the pecially true of the. late Attorney Gen¬ “Congressional Globe” every day, he] eral Brewster, who regarded him as one was drawn into public life and has . of the most promising men at the bar been thrice elected to the Legislature as: and predicted a successful and dis-i a Republican. tinguished career for him. Mr. Doug- | lass, always philanthropic, became very His WORK AS A LAWMAKER. much interested in the charitable work Being thoroughly practical as well as I of Philadelphia, and gave to it all the public-spirited, he strove as a member time he could spare from bis profes¬ of the Assembly and chairman of the sional task. Mr. Douglass might have Judiciary Committee to improve the remained in Philadelphia, as he was laws of Kansas in a number of particu¬ urged to do, to this day and so have lars generally admitted to be necessary. missed being an heroic figure in the an¬ Not being the kind of a partisan who be-! nals of Kansas. But he was too de¬ lieves in “playing polities,’ re gardless voted to his family to remain long of the merits of legislation, he held the away from home, and so returned to same course in the last House of Repre¬ Washington, where he practiced law sentatives, which was controlled by the with marked success. JPopulists, who, knowing his integrity,! ability and fairness, passed most of the legislation which he recommended. He Won and an eloquent public speaker. tried to get the Republican Senate to He is a clever after-dinner speaker, pass it, too. for it was all needed and de¬ as the Gridiron Club, of Washington, sired by the people of the State, but can testify from a remembrance of his the Republican Senate treated it as the evening with it a year or two ago. Republican Senate here has recently During his recent trying experience treated the proposed repeal of the Sher¬ Speaker Douglass has been separated j man act. It simply refused to consider by 1500 miles from his family, who . it, for no other reason than that it had | have been visiting his father, Com¬ been sent over by the Populist House missioner Douglass, here in Washing¬ and it would.be “good politics” to ignore ton. The Speaker has three children, a lit. bright boy, who is the eldest, and two As the “Omaha Bee,” a leading Re- interesting and pretty little girls. j publican paper of the adjoining State of - --a --—- j. .. Nebraska, recently pointed out, in a review of the Kansas situation, the anomalous and damaging, if not danger¬ ous, condition of affairs at Topeka is From, L largely due to the fact that that Re- I publican Senate played politics instead ! of following the sagacious and patriotic advice of Mr. Douglass. It even went ..(/it/. jto the length of acquitting Judge Botkin, la Republican District Judge, who had | been impeached by the Populist House Date, j of Representatives, on charges of per- j sonal misconduct, notoriously known all lover the State. i The partisan action of that Senate disgusted the whole State, and made the | Populist victory last year a compara- Scenes in the I tively easy one, although other reasons loperated to prevent their getting a ma¬ jority of the lower House, the course upreme of Mr. Douglass himself being the most potent. The Republican majority in the 5 Court Senate'having been swept out of ex¬ istence, and a Populist Governor elected, tbe Republican politicians who had dif¬ Some Facts About Our Early Justices. fered with Mr. Douglass as to the party The Chambers of Law. policy began to think that he was right and they were wrong. It was doubt¬ less in recognition of this that Mr. Although almost as old as the Douglass was made Speaker of the settlement of Philadelphia, few peo¬ House. Apparently a wiser choice could ple are cognizant of the history of |not have been made, for both the Popu¬ the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, lists and Republicans have recognized an honored institution, whose bench i throughout his fairness and his firm¬ has been graced with some of the ness; and under ithe most trying condi- j ablest jurists the New World has | tions he has preserved peace with honor. 3ret produced. It really seems strange In the feverish condition of the public that so little is generally known regard¬ mir.d in Kansas a less wise, a less ing this body, as its history is one* of honest or a less patient man might long especial interest from William Penn’s since have precipitated hostilities which time down to the developments of our would have ended in much bloodshed. day. In fact, there is no part of the an¬ The occasion has brought out great nals ot this whole country more deserv¬ qualities in Speaker Douglass, which ing of study. will make him the foremost man in To its early actions are to be traced an Kansas. almost incredible amount of what is HIS SENSE OF DUTY. best in all the institutions of this State, The many friends of Mr. Douglass in With a few exceptions the men selected Washington who have been reading to preside over this court were well with intense interest the dispatches fitted for their positions. They assumed from Topeka found it difficult to be¬ the costumes and endeavored to practice lieve that, even under the constraint the decorum of the courts ot the mother of circumstances, he had headed his country, and sitttng upon the bench, House of Representatives in battering they preserved the decorous usages its way into its hall with a sledge ham¬ which they remembered were respected mer. They knew that his courage was in the mother country. of the intrepid order, but they knew, The Royal Charter to Wiiliam Penn, too, that he loved peace and hated war, dated March 4, 1681, provided for a Su¬ and they felt very sure that he must preme Court of the Province of Penn¬ be impelled very strongly by u sense sylvania, but it was not until the 1st of of duty to do what he believed to be February, 1684, that this high tribunal absolutely necessary or he would not was created. It came then by order of have taken a sledge hammer as a J;he Provincial CovmcH, some tin e after j gavel. The Speaker is tall, spare, sinewy, it was needed. It was not by any means with something of the scholar's stoop, tbe first court of the province, as minor a quick manner, a keen eye in an ex¬ courts had been in existence for as many pressive face which the camera cannot as eleven years previous to its establish¬ do justice to. He is modest, democratic ment, but there was uo Court of Ap¬ land agreeable, interesting in conversa- peals. SUPREME COURT ROOM. SOME EARLY JUDGES. skilled in legal learning should fre¬ The judges in these lower courts were quently make glaring blunders. Tho not lawyers; in fact, no meniuer of the establishment, therefore, otthe Supreme legal, fraternity had up to that time ap¬ Court was hailed with rejoicing. The peared in the province. There was law under winch this tribunal was es¬ really but little opportunity for them to tablished reads as follows: “That there exercise their talents or to make a shall be four provincial judges respectable living. The dispensers ofl appointed by the Governor, under the law were consequently drawn from: the great seal of this province, which the laymen, some of whom possessed, judges, or any three of them, shall be a considerable talent, but all displayed Provincial Court and sit twice every great ignorance of legal matters. The year in the town ot Philadelphia, and early judges were mainly merchants, any two of them, at least, shall every tail but sitting upon the bench the habitual anil spring yearly go their circuit into application of their minus alternately to eVery respective county of this province mercantile transactions and the adjudi¬ and territory,which court,whether fixed cation of disputes among their lellow-j or circular, shall have the hearing of an citizens made them, both asjudges and1 appeal from inferior courts.” Landf as merchants, rise generally to thejj titles and all cases not standard which was necessary. the jurisdiction of the ; Great need, however, was felt even in courts were also to be tried the very early times lor a Court ot Ap¬ this body. By 1G93 the Supreme ' peals, as it is but natural that mon un¬ had been remodeled three times, eral since then it has beercre- „ jfed £y acts of tlj0 -Province and of I™? G»fHe had first declined the ssembly. post but lour years later, when the CHIEF JUSTICE MOORE. acceptedaccented "itit.8 Po givet6ndered an idea to hiof^ th« i,,?H^1CliTlaS Moore was the first chief .scarcity ot lawyers in the nroviuce 7? i4th H»t n# t was commissioned on the that time and the light in which they ibari (1° June, 1684. Another person [were regarded, it is but necessary tn . J , whowro|1„flnT0nded by William Penn, ier to Gabriel Thomas’ history of Pen n- i Who wrote to London to the Deputy Gov- ment-nl 7h,Ch he makes “this state- ment. “Of lawyers and physicians T shall say nothing, because both are

Ihvesfiives, beSsbesides,a forsooth,fo VG h° menthey’ s hangestate menand mischfote”a hCeDSe t0 murdei' and make

justice Lloyd’s work.

™ ®rst J^eal]y prominent man who ■ hlled the office of Chief Justice of the [Supreme Court, was Dayid Lloyd. He was a Welshman by birth, and came to the province in 1G86, as attorney gen¬ eral. Lloyd improved tiie standard rnio^r61- °/ tb,e Supreme Court. In 1710 he fiamed and had passed an act Th7°pVenn-g,tbat body to sit in equity. rhe Pioprietary Government, perhaps ecause of financial embarrassment, at one tune, refused to pay Lloyd his sal- a,y of £100. He thereupon wrote a message to the Governor, in which he stated that it the Government of the Province could not encourage the ludges by an annual salary, they should at. least, in his opinion, be able to nay forty sniffings per day to the chief jus¬ tice and twenty shillings to the two as¬ sociate justices. CHIEF JUSTICE STEKEETT. Lloyd was followed by lames Logan, who was commissioned August, 20, 173L LffiTreSc Hogan^ was one of theuuc jtiivf.-si/upcsbJLi^uisuecimost distinguished 'my Cosen Williamdlsnin9’iM V® S6nt figures among the earfy Pennsylvania justices. It was not legal distinction, PrayPlbeST tbat be be as Chief Justfoe! however, that placed him on the bonch, Crispin.” nYalTJt^bl^lh0 "iy Cosen of the coushf Pp?eyeb„td histlle death ha^ha?^0^®0™^doesnotTeCfo physician^ 'Te^fn bee" a

TmrtiHnl , ’ b)lln- several offices.

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so"fehotm7eaCbecl- “Either mysfdf or SSL&VS, SI, “ handed he Was temi^U^100 high-■ and disappeared from mfolii'IT °fflce> min 10891C89. He£T' wa.ii publicise,P^ dyingdvino- laymen like h7msel°f °Km Ur wore not lawyers \ * the JudSes sound common sens^aT.rmf16- *?en of als who trusted their’ and tbe mdividu- of the Supreme lwWes to tij° hands Ithe journey “end “f ,"suaIIy reached I Up to 1700 o r1Ck!y ancl palely. ! uponpoS the bench,bench ' with^ tiutnnT«ces Wbowho^ sat iSamuel[Samuel JonntJennings ’ exception there was not one’ who hid^’ln,1691, asuhe 2Yas nota lawyer by profession. cation. Indeed, for sev4ty fi-SPl®^' Ihe office was given to him because of Hater, many laymen finl* V Tears Itbe excellence of his judgment and his In 1750 Benjamin Franklin 6 Position, [responsibility. Logan was once im¬ judge, but finding that m7r fW hl|nself peached by the Assembly, but was thor¬ of the common law than h° kD°Wledg0 oughly vindicated by the Proprietary was necessary to act in hfi, p,ossesseJ Government. with credit, he relinquished statlon John Kinsey, who was commissioned 1 he second trained lawyer xvmf"' on April 5, 1743, was the fifth profes¬ commissioned as chief i was sional lawyer who presided over the .-1®1 justice, was supremex - Court.o.x u. xiuoiAfter uiuihim no layman I occupied that position, though plenty of 'Po7rfh<-

COKSUXiIAXXOW BOOM, SUriiEMiC COUXiX. the associate judges have 'been'without justice m’kean. , legal ttraining._ Kinsey was succeeded by William Allen, who was chief jus¬ Of all our chief justices, Justice Mc¬ tice from 1751 to 1774. What is chiefly Kean was the most picturesque. Itisj remembered about Allen is ills buying, related of him, that when presiding he with his own money, on October 15, wore a scarlet gown and cocked hat, and 1730, the site of Independence Hall for a that he had and compelled others to have! “State House,” where, in 1736, he gave a a groat amount of reverence for the dig¬ house warming in the banquet hall, de¬ nity of his office. It was his wont to scribed by a con tern porarjr as “the most 'I proceed to the court room each morning elegant entertainment that has been with his rod of office. The court officials made in these parts of America.” were accustomed to assemble outside of The last chief justice before the Revo- '• the justice’s lodgings and when ho de¬ lution was Benjamin Chew, who was f scended, in his scarlet gown and cocked commissioned on the 9th of April, 1774. if hat, they escorted him to the court With the Revolution ended the Provin- * room with much circumstance. cial Supreme Court, which, up to that i When William Tilgbman, who was period had been in existence ninety years commissioned on the 2Sth of February, and had been presided ovor bv seven¬ 130G, assumed the position of ohief teen chief justices. The first chief jus¬ justice, ho swept all "the theatrical attri¬ tice after the Revolution was Thomas butes and traditions with which Me McKean, who was commissioned on the Kean had surrounded the court away. ! 28th of July, 1777. The position had lact he went to the extreme in first been offered to Joseph Read, who matter, as more than one emio wasat that time with the army of jurist has stated that it is doubtful i Washington, and therefore declined. certain amount of pomp and ceremc is not necessary to the proper adr Under the deep set scruaro panels of 'the celling, which is of a subdued "rav :&reen touched with gold, spreads a rich (carpet that at onco harmonizes with the colors of the ceiling and sets oft the ma¬ hogany furniture of chaste and elegant design. It is the east end of the room (however, that is its greatest feature, for there is the judges’ platform, a dais two feet high extending across the lull, width of the room, its depth increased by a recess semi7octagonal in plan; the jwall back of the mahogany chairs of the judges entirely covered with fluted and tulted work, the material being heavy mohair plush of a soft light . mouse color corresponding with the richly draped curtains. In front of these were the phairs, and in front of the chairs the desk with mahogany ton, ana iront of seven siabs of Mexican, onyx each four feet by two framed in statuary bronze and divided by caryatio bronze figures of Law, Justice, Juris¬ prudence, etc., supporting a beautifully moulded bronze cornice. -LUO uosk IS a snauow crescent, its con¬ JUSTICE JAMES T. MITCHELL. cave side toward the bar, so that the counsel addressing the court stands in tration of the law by such a tribunal. the centre and equidistant from every Our present justices seem to have judge. J looked at the matter in this light, as Medallion portrait busts in bronze and they hare lately returned to robes of mai ble adorn either side of the seat of state, a simple, but dignified costume. jjustice on the walls, and many crvstaled John Bannister Gibson was the last I chandeliers bang from the ceilings. chief justice commissioned, as after him, between 1848 and 1850, the office THE CONSULTATION BOOM. was made elective. Gibson, who was Passing from the court into the con¬ one of the most brilliant men that has sultation room, Ho. 450, with its large ever graced the position of chief justice arcaeu triple window commanding of Pennsylvania, was exceedingly proud Broad street, the eye is first caught by of the distinction of his position, which the glittering wainscot of mahogany pride ho exhibited to the extent of be¬ I bookcases extending all along the west ginning his will as follows: “I, John and east walls, save wherein the former Bannister Gibson, the last of the chief a break is left for the stately doorway, justices under the Constitution of 1790,” an4 *'*30 latter an open fireplace of etc. jpolished Tennessee marbles and Mexican By 1826 the growth of the State made: onyx wrought into an architectural jit evident to every one that the work of design of great beauty and brightened the Supreme Court was too heavy ior bv a mirror which repeats the effect of three justices. The number was, there¬ the bookcase glasses. fore, increased to five, and since then Over the wainscoting an impost lias again been increased to seven. With 1 moulding composed of architrave fes¬ Jeremiah S. Black, who was elected ou tooned frieze and dental cornice ex¬ December 1, 1851, the history of the tends round the walls fifteen feet from present era of the Supreme Court mav the floor, while each wall is relieved by bo said to have begun. two pilasters twenty-four feet aoart be¬ For the last two years the Supreme tween centres set on marble pedestals, |Court has occupied magnificent quar¬ tiie top of the pilaster caps twenty-five ters on the fourth floor of the City Hall, feet from the floor, while the remaining The court is now two hundred and space to the ceiling is occupied by a eight years old, and has seen thirty- finely-enriched modillion cornice. two men called to preside over it. Over the bookcases hang portraits in IN THE COUBT BOOM. oil of the chief justices, and above the portraits is the freeze with its series of Few rooms devoted to similar purposes in this country or, indeed, this con¬ classic and historic cartoons. Over the tinent are to be compared with the entrance door from the corridor in a Supreme Court and consultation cham- semi-circular panel is the coat-of-arms of Ibers m the City Hall. “Palatial” is the the Commonwealth. The furniture, all thought that suggests itself as the visitor of mahogany, includes a general consul¬ (Steps over the threshold. “Spacious” is tation table and seven individual writ- the next word that arises in the mind ing tables, of rich and tasteful design. as the eye travels round the walls of the Walls and ceiling are elaberately court room, witli their dull red tinting painted in oils of mellow tones, and touched with gold, over a wainscot of the general effect of the room is that of Tennessee marble, their stately doors dignity, appropriate to the high officials and three magnificently draped win¬ ®pnsult beneath its paneled ceiling dows, relieved by Corinthian pilasters if carrying an architrave, deep frieze and rich medallion cornice. A our lack ot sentiment, and ,- I gotten to retort that ours was a eoun sense rather than sentiment. ATI the same, wc were set a-thinkiug, and after listening to the “Marseillaise” and “God Save the nunon J? . -HniMiivafl t.lio flpclr fnr pnnfnh

“Have wc a national song?” That was the burning question. If we, have, no one I knew it. Of course, “Hail Columbia,”’ “Yankeo Doodle,” “America” and “The Star Spangled Banner” were each mentioned. Each found its supporters, and there were objections to each. But not one of us could remember moro than a verse of any song, and we concluded that America, instead of f---- « lacking a national song, had at least three '.Ay PENNSYLVANIA COMMITTEE AP¬ too many; that one should he estab¬ lished pre-eminent and then taught in POINTED TO SUPPLY A DEFICIENCY. everv home and in that place of all i places, “ where the wave of young lifeflows ” —the school. For three months I have been OUR SHORTCOMINGSARE GREAT living near a public school. Morning, noon and night I hear the happy voices of the children raised in song, but never have I 1 We Don’t Know the Words of “ Yankee heard either of these so-called national song6. None of our party on the vessel could remem¬ Doodle,” “Hail Columbia” or the “ Star ber having been taught at school any one of these songs, nor could we remember that our Spangled Banner,” But Yet One of the children had been so taught. Three Should be Chosen. Yet we were all agreed that the rising gen¬ eration are not as mindful of the history of our country as they should be, and could he if properly trained, and that patriotism is on j Enterprising people inhabiting the small the decline. I i world lying outside of Pennsylvania can now go ahead with their plans in regard to a In either of the four songs there is much of national flower for “this glorious climate,” the spirit of true patriotism, since they cause and Pennsylvania having decided that a our blood to pulsate quicker whenever or national song is of more importance will not wherever heard. Just how much of the stuff interfere so long as the folly of introducing that thrills, of joy or of homesickness, these the flower upon our flag is not seriously con¬ airs may contain can only be understood sidered, as some agitators have proposed. by those having heard them in foreign lands. Of course, the subject of a national song is Yet it cannot be denied that association has not a brand new idea, originating with people | done more for some of these songs than their identified with World’s Fair work for this words have, since they will not hear the scrutiny of the critic. Take for instance, State, and nobody says it is, but at the meet¬ “ Yankee Doodle, ’ ’ which by right of seniority ing of State delegates in Philadelphia on No¬ is entitled to first consideration, being now in vember 30 last it was decided, upon motion of its one hundred and thirty-ninth year. The Mrs. II. C. Brock, of Lebanon, that a commit¬ music is said to be of classic origin, having tee be appointed to push the matter to a final been chanted in the days of Herodotus and settlement before our foreign cousins come to some say in the days of Homer. But how can we adopt it for our national visit us and the Fair and put us to the song while the words are so lacking in dig¬ same old blush for lack of such a nity ? And why should America’s song have song. Commissioner John Woodside and been written by an Englishman and in de¬ Mrs. J. Barry Colahan, of Philadelphia, rision at that? When witty Dr. Shackbury and Mrs. H. C. Brock represent the com¬ wrote the words while camping with the Brit¬ ish near Albany in 1755 it was to ridicule the mittee appointed for the work of stirring up, British coloniesin America who had been called sentiment among the States. In Mrs. Brock’s ) upon to help England reduce the French address before the convention she told us power in the provinces of the Canadas and was how she, with other Americans on board a done as a joke and as a joke accepted by Gen¬ steamship crossing the Atlantic, were put to eral Abercrombie and bis troops. The poorly equipped, half-dressed Puritans presented such shame on account of not being able to smg a ludicrous spectacle marching down the their national song. The ever-ready French streets of Albany to take their station with and English passengers had sung their na¬ the British army that the humorous surgeon, tional hymns faultlessly and the Americans seeing only the laughable and not the pathetic attempted to sustain themselves by singing side of the show, was moved to write “ Yankee “The Star Spangled Banner,” but after the Doodle,” which he presented to the officers first lines few voices were heard, and those “with great solemnity,” we are told, to their preceptibly weaker, until finally all failed. intense amusement, and thus it at once be¬ Or course the foreigners made a laugh of it, came known as the march and song of the at which no one could complain. militia, and was sung throughout the army This experience of Mrs. Brock is one com¬ in contempt for the colonials. This feeling mon to all Americans crossing the ocean, and lasted until after the battle of Lexington in it was my own. Beprcseutatives of the rose, [ 1775, when an officer upon being asked how tire shamrock and the thistle were numerous he liked the tune now, replied: “How they on board cur vessel. We had been ap¬ did make us dance to it!” ___ __ proached upon the subject of a national flower and national song and reproached fo>/ In our little talk ou tlie steamer someone raised the question as to the meaning of i own botn words and music written by Americans. This is not selfishness, but ex¬ Yankee Doodle. No one know. The latest the¬ clusiveness. ory, advanced in a recent magazine article, is j The popularity of “America ” was more of a that Yankee is from yankin, which in early i surprise to its author, the Rev. S. F. Smith New \ ork Dutch meant to grumble, snarl or j than to any one else. In a letter published yelp, and that its derivative, Yankee, meant by Mrs Ferns we learn that ho did not de¬ a howling cur. sign it for a national hymn, and did not think it would gain such publicity. It was the work Doodle was a Lancashire word for trifler, ot a dismal afternoon in the winter of 1832 atn(l was known as early as 1622. As we know, Inspiration came while he was turning over the small plume worn by the militia in front I the leaves of some music for children’s of their caps was called “ macaroni,” which schools. The words were in the German, and explains the use of that word in the song. he noticed they were patriotic, but without But whatever is thought of the various ety¬ attempting to imitate or translate, on the im¬ mologies proposed for the words now so famous pulse of the moment he wrote the hymn now the only important point is that the song was calied America.” The music of “ God Save written contemptuously, and I think we must | the King he found in the same hook, was all agree with Richard Grant White, who has said of the song : “Though it has the claim impressed by it, and gave a copy of it with the words of his hymn to Mr. Lowell Mason, ot long association, no sane person would ever dream of regarding it as a national hymn.” thought no more of it, and was surprised But Richard Grant White went much brought out on the following further and in his “ Lyric and National Study r ourth of July, upon the occasion of a Sun¬ day school celebration in Boston. of the Times” made wholesale denunciation of our songs. He says that we have no na¬ tional melodies, no national music and no “ Hail Columbia ” stands second in point of national literature. The “StarSpangled Ban¬ age and is certainly exclusively patriotic in ner ” he criticised as unfitted for a national its sentiments and spirit, and purely Ameri¬ hymn since “ it paints a picture but embodies can, since both music and words were written ho sentiment, the lines are too long and the I by Americans. Yet Richard Grant White ryhmes too involved ; the rhythm too com¬ denounced it as “even worse than ‘Yankee plicated, harsh and vague.” Richard Grant White was high authority, having been a Doodle,’ since that has a character, although member of the committee on a national hymn comic, and is respectable because it makes no in 1861, yet were he alive to-day he might pretense. But both words and music of find few to agree with him in this sweeping Hail Columbia ’ are commonplace, vulgar criticism. This song was written, all such and pretentious, and the people themselves songs ruust be, upon inspiration, and the have iound this out.” Have they? Words will never die so long as the American ■ Columbia ” was written heart thrills with the love of country. But m 1789 by Professor Phylo, of Philadelphia, the air ot “The Star Spangled Banner” is and first played at Trenton when Washing¬ wnglish, and had its birth at a club meeting ton was en route for his inauguration at New held at the Crown and Anchor tavern on the York At tlus time the tune was known as Strand, London. Dr. Johnson, Boswell and the President’s March.” It was not until Sir Joshua Reynolds were members of this ten years later that the words were written club, who called themselves the Anacreonites, j by Judge Joseph Hopkinson. and was composed for the verses well-known These words were definitely intended to jto all book lovers, “Anacreon in Heaven ” j evoke a spirit of independent Americanism It was applied to “The Star Spangled Ban- j which should rise above and dwarf the great jner ” by Ferdinand Durang, when onepf the j question of the day, the choice between sym- Soldiers said to the boys in camp: “Have i pathy tor England and sympathy for France you heard Francis Key’s poem?” m the tremendous struggle of the French He then read it over several times, until, i revolution a question which came hear we arc told, “ the entire camp was electrified I wrecking Washington’s administration—and by its pathetic eloquence.” Hunting up an admirably did it effect its object. Written in old iiute, Durang tried time after time until | twenty-four hours to be sung at a theatrical he finally hit upon “Anacreon in Heaven.” benefit its speedy popularity was of great ser¬ Fitting the tune to the words, he shouted: vice m allaying party feeling, and it did actu¬ “ Boys, I have hit it,” and for the first time ally give both parties a common meeting I rang out the dear song, that was caught up in ground and may be said without exaggeration Itlie camps.and sung round bivouac fires and to have assisted in steadying, if not saving, whistled in every street. When peace was the country. These are the honors and the declared and the boys had come marching claims of “Hail Columbia.” home they carried to thousands of firesides i With.much interest we await the action of the song to be, from that time out, considered the national song committee of Pennsylvania. !the most priceless relic of the war. _ Mary Temple Bayard. “America,” or “ My Country,’Tis of Thee,” I our critic has not thought worthy of mention : and yet it is more often spoken of as our na¬ From,. tional hymn, and I believe is more popular with the masses than either of the four. The words commend themselves and will surely (5% bear the closest scrutiny of the most carping . critic, and have not been considered lacking in patriotism. But they also have been all Date these years sung to English music. We ac¬ , knowledge there is no more stirring air than “God Save the King,” but it has been adopted for the air of national hymns of Rus¬ IN THE OLDEN TIME. sia. Weimar, Hanover, Saxony and Bruns¬ wick. . What America wants is a song all her "1-7T THK BOUNDARY CONTOVKRSY •■'if'-v-k WITH VIRGINIA IN 1774 m. , reclamations and Counter Prociama-j authority; and whereas,- f.o this country by the colony of Virginia, tlons Issued by Gove. John Penn of founded on reason, upon preoecupaucy and Pennsylvania and Dunmore of Vir¬ the general acquiescence of all persons, to¬

ginia—Something About the Famous gether with instructions I have lately received . Dr. John Connolly Who Brofce up from his majesty’s servants, ordering me to’ take this country under my administration, Col. William Crawford’s Court at and as the evident injustice manifestly Hannastown. offered to his majesty by the immediate [OLD PAUEB number 8 ] strides taken by the proprietors of Pennsylva- Fayette county under the present bounda¬ nia in prosecution of the wild claim to this ries had no existence prior to IIS'S, and hence country, demand an immediate remedy, I do no history; but the territory now embraced in hereby in his majesty’s name require and the present lines ha3 a very interesting his-; command all his majesty’s subjects west of the tory. In order that your readers may fully Laurel Hill to pay due a respect to this my understand the situation of affairs and the ex¬ proclamation, strictly prohibiting the execu¬ tent of Virginia’s claim to the territory now tion of any act of authority on behalf of the covered by the counties of Beaver, Allegheny, 1 province of Pennsylvania at their peril in this Westmoreland, Fajette and Greene, if your country; but, on the contrary, that a due re¬ readers will refer to their atlases, and trace j gard and entire obedience to the laws of his out the following description they will have the ! majesty’s colony of Virginia under my admin¬ •■District of West Augusta” as claimed by Lord istration be observed, to the end that regu ar-, Dunmore : Beginning at the mouth of Cross ity may ensue, and a just regard to the inter¬ creek on the Ohio river, thence to the head of est of his majesty in this quarter, as well as to same, thence in a eoutheastei ly course to the subjtcts in general, may be the conse Augustatown, a short distance southwest of quence. tbepresent town of Washington, thence in an Given under mv hand and seal at Fort Dun¬ irregular zigzag line southwesterly, passing the more, Sept. 17, 1774.” present corner of Pennsylvania about 12 miles “By his excellency’s command.—Dunmore. eastwardly thereof, and continuing the same “God save the king.” general course to a point southeast of Middle In the following month Governor Penn is¬ Island creek in Virginia, (now W. Va ), thenco sued the following counter proclamation : by a email branch of the Monongahela river to A PROCLAMATION. the west fork of the said river,thence along south said fork to its extreme southern limit; ther.ee, “ I here as, I have received information that in an irregular line in a southeast direction io Bis excellency, the Earl of Dunmore, governor the Allegheny mountain near . the mam genual in and over his majesty’s colony of branch of Cheat river, thence along this range Virginia, hath lately issued a very extraordi¬ of mountains to the head waters of the north nary proclamation, setting forth [here is re¬ fork of the Potomac river, thence in a nearly cited the substance of Governor Dunmore’a pro - due north line to a point on Mason and .clamation of the 17th of Sept ] And whereas, Dixon’s line, thence northeasterly along the although the western limits of the province of present boundary lines of Fayette and West¬ Pennsylvania have not been settled by any moreland counties to a point about ten miles authority from the crown, yet it has been suf¬ north of the headwaters of Kiskiminitas river, ficiently demonstrated by lines accurately thence northwesterly to Allegheny river to a by the most skillful artists that not only a point near Kittanning town, thence by the jrreaft tract of country west of the Laurel Hill, Allegheny and Ohio rivers to the beginning. But Fort Pitt also are comprehended within The respective claims to this territory wero the charter bounds of this province, a great set forth by Lord Dunmore and Governor part of which country has been actually set¬ Penn in the following proclamations : tled and is now held under grants from the proprietor of Pennsylvania, and the jurisdic¬ a Proclamation. tion of this government has been peaceably ex- “Whereas, the rapid settlement made on the *«cieed in that quarter of the country till the west side of the Allegheny mountains by his late strange claim set up by the Earl of Dun- majesty’s subjects within the course of these more in behalf of his majesty’s colony of Vir¬ few years has become an object of real con¬ ginia, bounded as his lordship is above pleased cern to his majesty’s interest in this quaiter; to say, ‘in reason, preoccupancy and the gen¬ and whereas, the province of Pennsylvania eral acquiescence of all persons; * has unduly laid claim to a very valuable and j in justice, therefore, to the proprietaries of the extensive quantity of his majesty’s territory, | ©rovince of Pennsylvania, who are only de¬ and the executive part of that government, in consequence thereof, has most arbitrarily and sirous to secure their own undoubted proper y unwarrantably proceeded to abuse the lauda¬ from the encroachment of others, I have ble advancements in this part of his majesty’s thought fit with the advice of the cornual,, to dominions by many oppressive and illegal I issue this, my proclamation, hereby «<1™ methods in the discharge of this imaginary All persons west of Laurel Hill to retain the gettl, ments as foresaid made under tbUMJJM ince, and to pay due obedienoe to the laws of lout tbe trouble and expense of running lines, this government; and all magistrates and other Bor the inconvenience of keeping the jurisdic' officers, who hold commissions or offices under t:on in suspense. This, we assure your lord- this government to proceed as usual in the ship, is tbe farthest wo can go in point of con¬ .administration of justice, without paying the cession, etc. ■xsast regard to the said recited proclamation, This also was rejected (thank Lord Dunmore >untii his majesty’s pleasure shall be known in |today)and the Pennsylvania commissioners the premises, at the same time strictly charg¬ ]returned to Philadelphia The conduct ing and enjoining the said inhabitants and of Dr. Connolly, Lord Dunmore’s represents- ■magistrates to use their utmost endeavors to tive at Fort, Pitt, which he rebaptized and preserve peace aod good order. called Fort Dunmore. become so intolerant Given under my hand and the great seal cf [and outrageous, that Pennsylvania adherents |thfl said province at Philadelphia the 12th at Pittsburg addressed Governor Penn in a !day of October, in the year of our Lord on< long memorial setting forth their grievances: thousand seven hundred and seventy four, anc t about this time Lord Duamore issued the pro¬ in the fourteenth year of the reign of out clamation we have given above, aa also did sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace Governor Penn his counter proclamation. rtf S'*_a. _ _ of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, The Virginia general assempiy of October, king, defender of the faith, etc. ' 1770, met at Williamsburg and with ‘B7 his honor’s command John Penn. Patrick Henry governor, made several enact¬ ! Edward Shiite n, Jr„ Secretary. ments affecting the juri-dictioc of Augasta- •'God save the King.” town as the county seat of West Augusta whicl ! Previous to the appearanc; of these counter I have outlined, one of which was: “An Act proclamations, there bad been turmoil and for ascertaining the boundary between tbi stiife, between the representatives of Penn icounty of Augusta and the district of West an! Dunmore. One Dr. Connolly with a body Augusta and for dividing the said district into guard of militia captured the Westmoreland three countiee.” The proper division of West court house and impertinently interfered with Augusta into three counties—Ohio, Yough- 'he justices. The next, day, April 9, 1771, the iogheny and Monongahela. jihree justices, who resided at Pittsburg, were Ohio county, to begin where the division 1 arrested by authority of this same Dr. Connolly. line between Maryland and Pennsylvania con¬ And on numerous occasions justices and mag¬ tinued in the same course westward strikes the istrates representing Penn’s authority were MonoDgabela, thence the same course con¬ arrested and put in prison. Feuds of the most tinued to the Ohio river, thence up the river bitter character grew out of the dispute about Ohio and along the several windings thereof to the lints of the two colonies. When Penn |the Monongahela river and tip the same to the heard ot the arrest of the Westmoreland jus¬ beginning. tice-?, by letter from William Crawford and Monongahela county, to begin at the lower Thomas Smith, April 19;b, and on the 21st jjside of of the mouth of the little Kanawa, the communications being laid before the ’.hence southeast to the Laurel hill to where it council it was at once resolved to appoint eora- i3 crossed by the boundary line between Mary cornmis ioners “to go as soon as possible to land and Pennsylvania, extended to the west¬ Williamsburg, in order to represent to the ward: thence eastward the same course as the government of Virginia the ill consequence 'said line continued to the river Ohio, theact- which may happen to the persons and prop¬ down the river Ohio to the beginning. erties of his majesty’s subjects, if immediate Ymghiogheny county, to begin where Ohio Svop be not put to the disorders and violent [county does, viz: Where the division line be¬ proceedings which have been begun and art tween Maryland and Pennsylvania, continued now carrying od, under the authority of that iu the Eame course westward strikes the government, etc.” These commissioners met Monongahels, thtnee down said river to the Lord Dunmore and made several propositions Allegheny river and up said river to the west¬ to him as to the western boundary of Penn¬ ern boundary line of Pennsylvania; thence sylvania, all of which he refused to accept, a.ong said western line of Pennsylvania to tht either directly or by refusing to pay his share southern boundary line thereof, thence east¬ of the expenses of running and making the ward aloDg the same to the meridian of th line. In return he made several propositions western boundary of Maryiand, thence south so clearly selfish and plainly in violation of to the northwest coiner of Maryland, thence P nn’s charier bounds that the Penns, : vaoims tvest to the place of beginning. It, is remarkeo rejected them ail; whereupon they made Dun- that the center of this county of compact more tbe proposition in the intent of peace and Dgures would be about the mou'h ol harmony ; “and for that valuable purpose wt Jacob’s creek. The place appointed for hold¬ shall be willing to recede so far from our char¬ ing court in Monongalia county was on the ter bounds as to make the river Monongahela plantation of Theophilus Phillips, about two from tbe line of Mason & Dixon downward, miles above New Ge eva, and here its courtr the western boundary of jurisdiction which were held until Pennsylvania’s boundary line "cul l at once settle our present disputes with 1*5? established, when to get them out ol IP x-enc^ylvaala7 tSij' were' removed tdTETpfau- ware’Swedeland'Stream,"sind the coun¬ tation of Zackwell Morgan, now Morgantown;, try round about, New Sweden. Their the final settlement of the dispute ag to the! plantations were gradually extended. southern and western boundaries of Pannsyi- The fair ‘ fame of the beautiful new vauis. having been consmumated at Baltimore, country was carried to the fatherland, August 31, 1779, and after some delay the lines were run and pioperly marked and thus and more emigrants came over and they stand to this day. joined their countrymen. Their gov¬ Bedford county >as formed of part of Cum. ernor established his home a few miles berlarid county March 9. 1771, and like from the present site of Philadelphia. the latter was originally of wide dimensions, In 1654, the territory was conquered and the reason assigned for its formation was by the Dutch of New Netherland, and “the great hardships the inhabitants of the! by them ceded to the British in 1664 western part of Cumberland county lie under William Penn was born in London, in from being so remote from the seat of justice, 1644. TIis father was a vice-admiral in| and public affairs.” Its boundaries were, be-j ginuing where the province line crosses the the English Navy. His grandlather, Tuscarora mountain, and moving along to the, also, was a naval officer, so that Tenn’s summit of that mountain to the gap near the! young idea early shot in the direction head of Pi.thVa.lk-y; thence with a north linetoj of strange countries. He heard much the Juniata; thence with the Juniata to the| talk of the Western World, and its vast mouth of Shaver’s creek; thence northeast to| capacities. the lino of Berks county; thence along the While he was at school, at Uxford, he| Berks county line northwestward to the west¬ heard the Quaker doctrine preached, ern boundaries of the province; thence south-: and was immediately so captivated by ward according to the western boundary of the province, to the southwest corner of the the beauty and dignity of its simplicity; province, thenca by southern line of the that his father became alarmed, lest he) province to the beginning, sad thus it is seen should disgrace liis family by becoming: that Fayette county was once a part of Berks, a convert to the despised sect. In his; although it is recorded as having been formid wrath he took his son from school, beat of part of Westmoreland in 1783. him well, and t urned him into the street ,John H. Campbell, to calm his enthusiasm. The Admiral’s Harrisburg, March 6. anger being of the hot and tiashing kind ■ - — — ----- , which cools as rapidly, as it kindles, he soon repented himself of his violence,; From, JUL'gt&'ClL. _ - and furnished Penn with the means tot travel on the continent* and complete! - §S..(D:.L.1J2JLA.JL:!-. his education. He cam6 back to Eng-j 5 land after several years, well skilled in; all that went to make up "a modish finej Date, 1 gentleman,” of those days. His mind was well cultivated, and he was of a gay and social disposition. Besides he jj was-“so skilled in the use of the sword, that he could easily disarm an ant,ago- * nist.” But he was still imbued, as lie INTERESTING SKETCH OF PENN¬ said, “with a deep sense of the vanity of • SYLVANIA IN THE DAYS the world, and the irreligiousness of its OF THE COLONY. religions.” His father enjoyed the favor of the William Penn and the Quakers. Duke of York, and the path of wealth The Colonists and the and. honor was stretched out broad and . easy for the feet of young Penn to Aboriginees. travel through life upon, if his con¬ science had permitted him to give up T!Y MARY BLACK CLAYTON. his cherished ideas of right. But he • Gustiivus Adolphus, of Sweden, sent parted with every hope of earthly ad¬ over in 1637 a colony of his subjectsj vancement to carry them out. In the from Sweden and Finland to the New, autumn of 1666 he was imprisoned for; World, and they located themselves on confessing himself a Quaker. His fash¬ Christina Creek, on the west, side of the ionable friends were much hocked at, river Delaware. They called the Dela¬ his course. They said, “poor Penn has; ment, that it be well-founded at tic Ibecome a Quaker, or some such melan¬ ; first.” choly tiling.” A charter was drawn up which gave When he was released from prison |to Penn the same powers which were ;his father would not see him, or allow I granted to the proprietary of Maryland. him to enter his house, and if it had His nephew, Mnrk&am, was sent over not been for the unfailing tenderness the ocean, bearing Penn’s greeting to of his mother’s heart, he would have hies subjeers. He wrote to them thus: felt, the pangs of hunger. He went to “My friends, I wish you nil happiness the court of Charles II to plead for his here and hereafter. These are to lett persecuted countrymen, suffering for you know that it hath pleased God in conscience sake, but instead of better¬ His Providence to cast you within my ing their fortunes, he was again pro¬ Lott and care. It is a business that, vided with a dungeon for himself, where though I never undertook before, yet he remained this time for nine months. God has given me an understanding of At last his father’s respect was won by i my duty, and an honest mindeto doe it his fortitude and earnestness, and he I uprightly-. 1 hope you will not be used his influence to relieve his son. ' troubled at your chainge and the king’s Soon afterwards, on his death-bed, the choice; for you are now fixt at the Admiral said, “Son William, if you and mercy of no governor that comes to your friends stick to your plain way of make his fortune great. You shall be living, you will make an end of the governed by laws of your own making, priests.” and live a free, and if you will, a sober After his father’s death, Penn contin¬ and industrious life. 1 shall not usurp ued to suffer persecution and impris¬ lhe right of any, or oppress his person. onment for his principles. God has furnisht me with a better res- In 1678 he married a good and beau¬ okuion, and given me grace to keep it. tiful woman, who “chose him before In short, whatsoever sober or free men many suitors,” and “honored him with cun reasonably desire lor the security a deep and upright love.” and improvement of their own happi¬ Seeing no prospect of peace, in Eng¬ ness, 1 shall heartily comply with. I land for Quakers, Penn at length de¬ beseech God to direct you in the way termined to make an effort to provide ox righteousness, and therein prosper, a refuge, not only for his own brethren, you and your children after you. but for the ill-used of all sects and na- “I am your true friend, itions, on the other side of the Atlantic. “Wm. Penn. Among other bequests of the large “London, 8tli of the month called fortune left him by his father, was a : April, 1681.” claim on the English government for Not one promise made in this letter isixteen thousand pounds, which Charles was ever broken by its writer. !II was glad to pay by a land grant - in in 1682, Penn took a sad leave of his America. Bancroft says, “during the wife and little children, and of his Qua- first four years of his power Charles II | ker brethren in England, whose hopes gave away a large part of a continent. rested or him, and set sail to see his Could he have continued so lavish, in ' AmeoCun subjects and possessions. the course of his reign he would have He reached Newcastle, Delaware, on given away the world.” ! the 8ih of October. From all sides Penn's charter included three de¬ Hocked the people to see the “Qauker grees of latitude, by five degrees of lon¬ King.” The representatives of the gitude west from the Delaware, and Duke of York formally surrendered to reached from twelve miles north of j him the territory of Delaware, and Newcast le to t he 43d degree of latit ude. Penn assured his people that under him Boon after the date of this grant the they might expect to enjoy the bless¬ Duke of York made a conveyance to ings of liberty, civil and religious.. jPenn of the land which embraces the From Newcastle lie traveled with present sfate of Delaware. several friends in an open bout, up the “At length,” writes Penn, “my coun¬ Delaware to Chester, where he was try was continued to me under the gladly greeted by a settlement of emi- great sea) of England. Cod will bless and make it the seed of a nation. I shall have a tender care of the govern¬ Prom there he went on up the river.; tn March, 1683', representatives lie sav) on its banks for the first time; each of the six counties of Penn's do¬ the'beautiful ftill tints of American fo-j main met and formed a'constitution liage. ['When he reached the site of the, which was to govern them. A council present city of Philadelphia, he was: was to be elected by the people, instead met biy his nephew and agent, Mark¬ of being named by the proprietary, as ham, Who had taken pains that the I in Maryland. Pen-n and his descend- neighboring Indians (the Lenni-.Len-| ents were the hereditary proprietaries apes) should behold that the new ruler! and had power to negative the meas¬ was not going to permit the occupation; ures of the council, if they desired. of their lands without their consent. Sunday was reserved as a day of rest. Accordingly, when they were notified An oath was not necessary to support that hej had arrived and wished to meet the word of an honest man as evidence. them fbr the purpose of establishing a Every christion, regardless of sect, could be elected to office. treaty of perpetual peace with them, 11 they wlere willing to come to him at; Balls, stage plays, bull baits and cock once. fight were forbi4den. Under a great elm tree at Sliacka- Murder, only,, was punishable by death. maxon; now within the limits of Phila-i The people of all nations had equal delphia, they gathered in gorgeous un¬ rights with Englishmen. dress and paint, to honor the occasion, At a court presided over by Penn, in and Penn proclaimed to them his mes¬ 1684, a “turbulent female” was brought sage of peace and love. up, accused of witchcraft. He calmly “We meet,” said he, “on the broad and thoroughly examined the witnesses pathway of good faith and good will; and the jury returned this verdict: no advantage shall be taken on either “The prisoner is guilty of thecommon side, but all shall be openness and love, fame of being a witch, but not guilty as pwill not call you children, for parents she stahds indicted.” Her friends were sometimes chide their children too se¬ required to give bond that she should verely ; nor brothers only, for brothers keep the peace, and the outrage was differ. The friendship between you never again committed in Penn’s do¬ and me I will not compare to a chain, main, of persecuting women for sup¬ for that the rains might rust, or the posed broom-stick riding. falling tree might break. We are the In Maryland the proprietary had the same as if one man's body might be di¬ power of appointing all the officers. In vided into two parts. We are all one Pennsylvania they were all elected by flesh and one blood.” the people, except the governor, and lie “Wife will live,” replied the Indians, was compelled to have the consent of “in love with Wm. Penn and his chil¬ the people to his public acts. Lord dren as long as the moon and sun Shall Baltimore received an income from the endure.” export of tobacco, and his people were The Indians and the white men for taxed for it. An offer of the same kind once kept faith with each other. There made to Penn, was declined. No temp¬ is no bloody tale of treachery to be told tation of selfish gain ever for a moment of either side. While the white men swayed him from his purpose of closely oppressed and wronged the natives,and consulting the interests of his colonists, the savages obeyed all their brutal im¬ Much of his fortune was spent in pulses in the other colonies, peace planting his province, and in assisting reigned in Pennsylvania. distressed and persecuted Quakers in Vessels came fast this same autumn England. with settlers for the favored land of After he had organized his govern¬ brotherly love, until twenty-two, bear¬ ment he went to West River, in Mary-! ing two thousand emigrants had arriv¬ land, to visit Lord Baltimore and settle ed. Those who came too late in the the disputed boundaries of their pro¬ season to build houses, took refuge in vinces. A three days’ discussion did caves and hollow trees, and the lndians not settle anything. They had pleasant., brought presents of fish and game to social intercourse, however. B, the children of Unas, which was their Having fairly set on foot his great name for Penn. plan which he called the “Holy Experi- i /’But Penn still had a few powerful :m'entof wliicli Charity and Good Will 'friends who clung to him in his mis¬ were to be the guiding stars, Penn left , fortunes, aud by their influence he was the land for which he hoped so m&ch, | restored to his rights as proprietary of and reached England on the 3d of Oc¬ [Pennsylvania, in 1694. tober^ 1684. He said in his farewell to But now the pressure of poverty pre¬ his people: “My love and my life are vented his going to them at once, and to you and with you, and no water can he made Markham his governor onco quench it, or distance bring it to an more. lend. I bless you in the name and pow- 1699 he was again in the New World, ier of the Lord, and may God bless you and able to see with his own eyes the with his righteousness, peace and plen¬ working of the Holy Experiment. He ty all the land over.” found some complaints and disaffec¬ After his return to England a com- i tion among the people. He said to- 'mittee of t rade and plantations decided them,“Keep what is good in the char¬ that no part of the tract of Delaware ter and frame of government, and lay (should be included within the boun¬ aside what is burdensome, and add daries of Maryland. what may best suit the common good.” The friend of Penn’s father, James II, Treaties of peace were renewed with had now come to the English throne. the savages. In the effort to make Penn used his influence with him to do them good, after the white man’s model, good to his persecuted people in Eng¬ Penn and his followers, like all others* land. He had the happiness to cause failed. the prison door of twelve hundred Qua¬ In happy Pennsylvania religious lib¬ kers at one time, to be thrown open. erty was established, and all public em¬ From all the settlements in America ployment was open to those who be¬ messengers came asking his interces¬ lieved in Jesus Christ. sion in their favor with the king. Penn left his bounteous, beautiful “His fame,” says Bancroft, “is now as and flourishing colony in-1701. In Eng wide as the world ; he is one of the few land he was again falsely accused and who has gained abiding glory.” imprisoned, thus sharing the misfor¬ When James II tied from his throne tunes which generally fall to the lot of and home, and William and Mary took benefactors of their race. He died, very possession of the English throne, Wil¬ poor, in Ruscombe, Berkshire, on tho liam Penn ca.ne under suspicion as be¬ 30th day of July, 1718. ing a friend of the fugitive. He was I arrested three times within two years, after the revolution of 1688. In 1690 lie was ready to set sail for America to From,. 1 visit his “young countrie,” where he ex- I pected that he and his posterity should live in peace. Even his farewells and .. blessings were spoken to his friends, | when he was taken and once more im¬ Bate prisoned. The delay in getting off completed' I the wreck of his fortume, already almost 'ruined by his generosity. His wife died 1 about this time. His life seemed full of trouble. In 1691 Delaware was by its own de¬ Men Who Speak to Pennsylvania’s sire made into a separate province, and Penn appointed a separate governor Many Towns. for it. In 1692 it was decided, in England, to make a royal province of Pennsylvania, EDITORS WHO CAN EDIT jits government was taken from its be¬ nevolent founder, and put into the The Commonwealth’s Body Guard of hands of Benjiman Fletcher, in April, 1693, uniting Pennsylvania and Dela¬ Acute Thinkers. ware once more.

* * 31K literary authority, likened the story*"®! Adam CRAFT Bede. The young author was delighted, but he was lalready up to his eyes in daily jour¬ nalism and could not afford the leisure neces¬ sary for a literary career. resentative Moulders of Public Shortly after coming to this country Mr. Among the Newspapers of the In¬ Barrett made his home in the Wyoming Val¬ ley with his parents, and accepted a position dies of Pennsylvania, Their Ca- on the reporiorial staff of the Scranton He-; publican. He remained with that journal and Their Journals—How They eleven years, during which time he served as Won Success—A List of Names reporter, city editor, Washington and Harris¬ burg correspondent and managing editor. hat Are Household Words Throughout In 1878 he was elected a member of the Penn¬ sylvania Legislature, and served in the the Keystone State. House for a term. He had in the meantime written many stories for the blew York Weekly, the Philadelphia Saturday Night and Men of force and character are the power other papers. On leaving the Republican Mr. Barrett expected to rest from daily journal¬ hack of the throne in the great city papers ism for a year, but meeting his present part¬ whose peculiar territory finds a kingdom in ner, Mr. J. J. Jordan, they decided to begin the State of Pennsylvania, and even though the publication of an afternoon newspaper, j and the result was the Scranton Truth, or the throne rests within a sanctum whose lim¬ which tne first number was Issued April 21,1 its are never free from the. fixtures of the 1884. workshop, many thousands aTe happy to Truth was a success from the start, and I with its present circulation of over 12,000 j claim an audience there and share in the copies daily is one of the most prosperous privilege of the easy chair. journals in the State of Pennsylvania outside i Philadelphia and Pittsburg. The Scranton I Some of the leaders of the State daily press Truth is independent in politics, out notneu-1 are picturesque figures in the industrious life tral. Its views are always presented frankly about them. The community would not care and fearlessly on all subjects of public inter¬ est, but no political, boss or party can dictate ' to part with them at any price, for they are its course on any1 subject. The Truth will ] part and parcel of all interests. Some are celebrate its ninth anniversary on the 2lBt of young minds giving the touch and energy of April next, at wijfch time its editor, John E. | Barrett, who is sjfcfll under 44 years of age, will; rugged youth to what they do, and that is have been twenty-five years in active daily j why their particular journal meets with journalism. In' the recent editorial contest, conducted by, the New York Recorder Mr. 1 ready, responsive service and results come in Barrett took flrst prize of 8100, the judges an increasing prosperity. They are the men being Gener^j Taylor, of the Boston Globe ; , who run the Board of Trade, guide the Couu-, Joseph Howard, Jr., and George W. Turner. cils into obeying the demands of the voters, introduce new industries and stir up the old, j TpIAS C. ZIMMERMAN and, by earnest battle against rust and moth, succeed in building up the general welfare. I The Eminent Author and Translator Others are conservative and yet none tne and Editor of the Reading “ Times.” less useful in their special field of labor. Thomas C. Zimmerman, editor of the Read- [ The page of Pennsylvania city editors that ing Tinffs, may be classed among the master follows is by no means the sum total of that transactors of German poetry. His recent bright and industrious class whose toil is so name known often without recompense or reward when effortjk have made his the reckoning up of bank accounts conies to m oj t distinguished view But the number given are excellent litterateurs in this and illustrations of that long list haying a na¬ other lands, and his tional reputation and a name. Their pens work has already re¬ are unceasing vehicles of influence and 1 1 ■ ceived the impress of honesty of purpose and motive the best pub¬ standard writing. He lic safety-valves to the municipalities m was born at Lebanon which they live and thrive Every section January 23, 1838, and of the State has a representative, and they received his education v/. will be readily recognized in the introduc¬ in thecommonsehools tion and sketch presented in the chapters of that place. He never had the advantages of given below.__ a classical training to inspire such lofty JOHN E. BARRETT flights in literature, but was born to his A Journalist of Marked Distinction and work, as poets are born. At the age of 13 Editor of Scranton “Truth.” he was apprenticed to the printing estab¬ John E. Barrett, editor and part proprietor lishment of the Lebanon Courier, after gradu¬ of the Scranton Truth, was born in Ireland ating from which he entered the olfice of the May 10, 1849. His childhood days were spent Berks and Schuylkill Journal in Reading. among the cliffs and crags of the west coast Under its proprietor, Mr. Jacob Knabb, who of Ireland, his boy. became Postmaster of Reading, he acted as Hood amid the rush chief clerk during Lincoln’s administration. and bustle of city life During this period Mr. Zimmerman con¬ in England, and he tributed some striking articles on postal re¬ came to this country form to the United States Mail and other on reaching his ma¬ journals, which called out a correspondence jority. At the age of, with the then Postmaster General, Mr. Denni¬ 19 he published his son, and some of the suggestions solicited first s ory in book were incorporated into that official's annual form. It was well re¬ report. ceived m England and I In January, 1866, Mr. Zimmerman became Ireland. The Dublin partner and associate editor of the Berks and IVaf/ojigave it a three- Schuylkill Journal. Up to the year 1869 the coliimc review, and firm bore the name of J. Knabb & Co., then the /Ashman, then a -X troTIecT since the start, i they also became the proprietors of the Daily was made in 1872. The 1 Times, which in 1871 was consolidated with News then was an ex¬ the Evening Dispatch. This daily newspaper periment and abbrevi¬ under his management at once grew into one ated accordingly. The of the foremost journals in the State, and at delightful daily news this day has the strongest kind of influence story told right along, upon the moral and material development or its city, and stands in highest esteem with however, claimed the the political leaders in the State and atWasli- attention and interest iin"ton. of the farmers almost I Among the widely-copied letters of his Immediately and a travels, the noteworthy sketch of his visit to boom in popularity the Luray Caverns in Virginia may be re¬ was inaugurated that ferred to. The description was an inspiration [of the moment, but the Hotel and Ceve Com- never cooled down. The boom was well jfpany saw its'jnerlt and published an illus¬ trated pamphlet of (50,000 copies for general managed in the setting and although rivals circulation. The Richmond papers copied j have entered the field Editor Thomson and this article, and the favor it met with called the Neivs swept right along, and the sweep is out the request that Mr. Zimmerman also a remarkably clean one. It will be noticed l write up the undeveloped resources of Ala¬ that Editor Thomson does not employ the bama. Mr. Zimmerman’s Pennsylvania German letter “ p ” to add to the grace of his name. extraction naturally Interested him in the Mr. Thomson was born in Wiilistown town¬ capabilities of that vernacular, and so several ship, Chester county, in 1842, and claims to be j years ago he made a number ot translations just as young and vigorous as he was twenty from the English classics into the dialect, years ago, when the News was an Infant j His first attempt, Moore’s “’Twas the Night. ! Before Christmas,” caught the fancy of the prodigy. He received a common school edu¬ I press at once, and its favorable mention cation, chiefly under his father and brothers, brought him letters from all over the State. who were prominent teachers in their day. I Congratulatory messages came from such Up to the breaking out of the war Mr. Thom- : \ men as Professor Haldeman, the eminent son was an iron-worker in the big mills at philologist of the University of Pennsyl- 1 vania ; Hon. Simon Cameron, General Hart- Phcenixville, and he served In the army i ranft, P. F. Rothermel, painter of “ The Bat- twenty-one monlbs, principally as a clerk in i tie of Gettysburg;” Professor Porter, ofLafay- the Army of the Potomac in the quarter¬ ' ette College; Professor Horne, ot Muhlenberg master general’s department. I College, and manv others. “Barry Corn¬ Beginning newspaper work in Phcenixville wall,” Tom Hood, Oliver Goldsmith, Heiue, by publishing an advertising weekly, Mr. I selections from the Greek Anthology, etc., Thomson soon became correspondent for the I followed. Some of these will be found in the West. Chester Jeffersonian and in 1871 went on histories of York and Berks counties respec¬ as local reporter for that paper. He conceived tively. the idea of Chester county’s first daily in the Mr. Zimmerman was happy in the choice of fall of 1.872, and, with W. H. Hodgson as pro¬ his vocation and of his home. No place could prietor, became its editor. ! suit so well the tastes and habits ot his life no Mr. Thomson’s leisure hours—and he some¬ calling could so well gratify them. He is a times has them—are employed at his easel. great lover of nature, and manifests the keen He has painted many landscape scenes and relish of a Burroughs or Thoreau when wan¬ sold them at good prices. He is married, dering over the Berks county hills. It has three daughters and one son are in the fam¬ been his habit of more than twenty years to ily, and he is also a “ grandpop.” Of a pleas¬ take daily walks into the country, accom- ant, genial disposition, Mr. Thomson has no ; panled often only by his favorite dog, and end of friends, and about everybody in Ches¬ after a long excursion return by noon to his ter county knows him. [ editorial desk. In his early manhood he had arranged to enter the law office of Hon. Will- ! lam Strong; he was importuned to study for HIRAM YOUNG the ministry; he was elected to the chief j clerkship in one of Reading’s leading bank¬ ing institutions ; he was offered a place in the Editor of the York •‘Dispatch” and Custom House at Philadelphia; he was ten¬ Chief in the Codorus Country. dered the Reading Post Office under General Camerou ; he was asked to fill the adjutancy Hiram Young, editor of the York Dispatch, in the Ninety-third Pennsylvania Volunteers ; and Postmaster of the old continental city, I he was offered halt interest in Vice President was born in Shaefferstown, Lebanon county, ! Schuyler Colfax’s home organ, South Bend, May 14, 1830. Up to his 15th year Mr. Young Indiana, but neither these earlier shiftings attended the public 'i after a settled purpose in life, nor any ot the , later flattering offers turned him aside from school and mastered the calling for which he was so eminently the different branches fitted—he chose the right profession in the then taught. After right place. he left the school he | The subject ot this sketch is a well-known went to Lancaster, figure in his native city and stands highly and was apprenticed i honored among its citizens. His lofty, manly • spirit, universal kindness of heart and strong to Judge Emmanuel j sense of right and duty have made him a host Shaeffer to learn the ot devoted friends. He is in particular favor saddlery trade. He with the Germans, in whose defense he has remained lnthat busi¬ written and spoken much. His speeches be¬ ness until 1850, when fore the various German organizations have been copied far and wide. he obtained a position in John Gish’s book _ store. There he stayed * WILIER W. THOMSON until he procured a more lucrative position in the large establishment of Judd & Mur¬ All Chester County Docs Him Honor as ray. He subsequently entered the Lancas¬ Editor of the West Chester •< News.” ter high school, with a view to preparing himself for a regular collegiate dourse. Find- No better known nor more generally liked i ing his means limited, and other difficulties citizen lives ana votes in Chester county than ! in°the way, he adandoned this idea and re¬ Wilmer \V. Thomson, editor of the West turned to the book business. He obtained | Chester Local News, whose pages he has con- employment in the publishing house of Uriah , Hunt

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with Lippincott, Graiubo STHon, now J. B, Buckinghamshire, England, in t: Lippincott Company. " and settled After several years' experience in Philadel¬ ,Conn. He phia Mr. Young returned to Lancaster, and j Harrison, W estchester with'Mr. John Shaeffer purchased a small | county, N. Y.,» Febru¬ hook store. Two years later the firm consoli¬ ary 28, 1846, removing dated with Murray & Stokes, under the name in infancy to Sing Sing, N. Y., his father j of Murray, Young & Co., Mr. Stokes retiring. having beenappolnted Mr. Young remained in the firm several an officer in the State ] years, when he likewise retired, and in 1860 Prison at that place. went to York. There he purchased the hook He received a com¬ store of B. F. Spangler, and founded the firm mon school education, of Pierce & Young. In 1862 he sold out his in¬ learned the trade of a terest to Mr. Pierce and opened another store printer and worked at on West Market street, from which, in 1865, it in several places, he removed to the building No. 10 East Mar-j but the greater part of ket street, his present place of business. the time at White Plains, N.Y.,where he com¬ June 7, 1864, Mr. Young issued the first num-| menced his editorial work. Returning toSing her of the True Democrat, now the Weekly Sing in January, 1868, he established the Dem¬ Dispatch, and May 29,1876, this was supple- j ocratic Register, a weekly paper, which he pub¬ ■ mented by the Evening Dispatch, both vigor-j lished successfully for nearly five years. In ously edited and ardently devoted to Repub¬ October, 1872, his office, together with about 25 lican principles. other business places, in one of which he also Originally Mr. Young was a Democrat of had an interest, was totally destroyed by fire, the Douglas school. When the war broke nothing being saved but the books. He re¬ out he marched to the music of the Union and; established the paper, but two months later by pen and voice warmly supported the gov¬ sold it, and in February, 1878, went to Erie, ernment. In 1871 he originated a movement having been offered employment on the against what was popularly known as the Morning Dispatch as telegraph editor and York county “Court House Ring,” in which foreman of the composing room. In Decem¬ work of reform ho was strongly supported by many Democrats. Some years later, at the ber, 1878, he was made managing editor of the instance of a committee of citizens of York Dispatch, which position he held until April, county, he sustained the Alonza Picking re¬ 1882, When he accepted the managing editor¬ volt against the fraudulent methods to defeat ship of the Erie Evening Observer. In Febru¬ him in their convention, which led to the ary, 1888, he became editor-in-chief of the Erie election ot a Republican clerk to the County Herald, and still holds that position. Commissioners. The nomination and elec¬ Without exception he has been connected tion of Judge Gibson was secured by the True with journalism longer than has any other Democrat1 s exposure of the peculiar methods newspaper man now living in Erie. On Feb¬ used by the “ ring.” In both of his journal's ruary 18, 1869, he was married to Miss Sarah be strongly detended Judge Wickes’ (a Demo- E. Rowe, at Yorktown, N. Y. crat) honorable course on the bench against Mr. Baldwin is a practical printer and one the assaults of his party opponents. The re¬ of the best trained journalists in the profes¬ sult was that the Judge was named as an in¬ sion. As a writer on tariff subjects he was dependent candidate, but he subsequently de¬ simply invincible in the past campaign and clined in favor of Judge Latimer, who was much of his work found a place in papers all elected. Both Judge Wickes and Judge Lati¬ over the country. A careful and forcible mer heartily acknowledged Mr. Young’s ser¬ writer and pleasant and genial in his ways, vices in that campaign. Mr. Young is deeply Mr. Baldwin is, on the other hand, of a retir¬ attached to the farming interests, and has ing nature and modest to a fault. He is a given special attention to the tobacco culture candidate for Collector of the Port of Erie and industry. He has been for a long time en¬ has exceptional chances to make the nomi¬ gaged in organizing agricultural clubs, and nation. has done yeoman service in advancing the interests of the farming community. He be¬ lieves in radical protection to American in¬ EZRA S. GRAY dustries. Mr. Young was the Republican candidate for Congress in the Nineteenth district— The Young Man Whose Paragraphs Adams, Cumberland and York counties—in Brighten the DuBots “Courier.” 1888, receiving jnore than a full party vote, [j There is a remarkably healthy and thriving He was prominently mentioned for State town up in a corner of Clearfield county just Treasurer in 1881 as a compromise candidate. He is a member of the State Agricultural So¬ by the Jefferson and Elk line called DuBois, ciety ot Pennsylvania, ex-secretary of the and its prosperity and proud business posi¬ Mount Gretna Farmers’ Encampment, rep¬ tion is largely due to resented the State in the National Sheep and the Daily Courier, Wool Growers’ Association at Washington whose editor is Ezra before the McKinley ways and means com¬ S. Gray. About every mittee of Congress in 1891, is a member of the National Tobacco Growers’ Association, was city convenience is to author of a document printed by the national the credit of the bor¬ ough of DuBois — an electric street railway, electric lights of pro¬ now serving in that office. He was married September, 1857, to Mary E. Shrelner, daugh¬ nounced power, fine ter of Philip Shreiner, of Columbia, watch churches, young mer¬ i and clock maker, and has four living sons, chants who run a Edward S., Charles P., William L. and John Board of Trade and an F. Young. __ Acorn Club, a splen¬ did water system and NELSON BALDWIN railroads from all points of the compass—and all these things were strongly advocated by Mr. Gray, whose office was burned out with Noted as a Tariff Writer and as Editor the town in 1888, but whose enterprising spirit of Hie Eric “ Herald.” kept moving on. DuBois is 128 miles from Nelson Baldwin, editor of the Erie Herald, Williamsport and 123 miles from Pittsburg. is a descendant of Nathaniel Baldwin, who The population of 7,300 to-day was 2,400 ten was one of a colony that emigrated from years ago. The centre of trade for a vast lum- ! ber and coal section, the business streets are starting of a daily paper. The Altoona Gazette, the creature of that enterprise, is as lively as those of a city of 50,000, and In though yet a “yearling,” one of the brightest this great measure of prosperity Mr. Gray has and best newspapers of the State. had a fitting share. Mr Kell is associated in his work with his Mr. Gray was born In Iowa thirty-two years brother, W. Frank Bell, who also gained his knowledge of newspaper work in Pittsburg. ago, but his boyhood days were mostly passed The experience gained by these young men on a farm In Ellc county. Beyond the school in city newspaper work accounts largely for I training had in Penfield he had no further ad- the metropolitan air and newsy texture of I vantages than those common to country life, their bright afternoon paper, the Altoona and after clerking in a store some years he Gazette. In connection with the newspaper went to DuBois in October, 1884, to take hold a large job and book printing business is of the weekly Courier, which had been estab¬ done. As a result of the energy and industry lished by Blon H. Butler in 1879. By changes concentrated upon the Gazette Company it in the management Mr. Gray succeeded to has become a very successful undertaking. editorial control in October, 1886, and until the latter date the Courier was recognized as JAMES W. SWEELI having no definite policy politically. Since that time it has been an independent Repub¬ lican paper. A Mail With a Career ami the Williams¬ The Daily Courier was established January port “ Sun ” to Back Him Up. 1, 1888, and Mr. Gray continued as the editor. It was a difficult task to make the daily self-» James W. Sweely, editor and publisher of sustaining, and it was indeed so burdensome the Williamsport Sun, was born in Williams- that the publishers thought seriously of dis¬ i port, January 24, 1862, and is a son of Samuel continuing it when the plant was destroyed He attended the public j by fire, with all the business portion of the schools and left the town, in June, 1888. It was continued, how- ever, and has since been enlarged and greatly High School to take improved in many respects, and through a employment on the i vigorous policy and hard work has become by Breakfast Table, and in far the most noted, most generally quoted 1880 went to Peoria, Ill., ! and most influential journal in that field. where, through the rec¬ Editor Gray is a conscientious worker and ommendation of Rob¬ tireless in the pursuit of news. He is asso¬ ciated with his brother, Edward W. Gray, and ert J. Burdette, the Colonel John T. Wilson in the publication of humorist, he was ap¬ the Courier, and this team has no rival in pointed city editor of their specialty as publishers. A full tele¬ the Daily Transcript. graphic report, an attractive local news page He afterward pur¬ and excellent editorial opinion are the feat¬ chased the Breakfast ures of the Courier, and public appreciation ! does the rest. Table, advancing its circulation from 4,000 to 11,000 copies, and WARNER H. BELL brought it up to a high standard as a weekly journal. Tile Altoona “Gazette” Tells a Good In 1882 Mr. Sweely established the Traveler, Dally Story About Tills Young Alan. a weekly at Pittsburg. In 1884 he purchased Warner H. Bell was born June 10, 1865, at a controlling Interest in the Williamsport New Castle, Indiana, where his father, Rev. i Daily,Sun, which, under his editorial super- P. G. Bell, was pastor of the Evangelical I vision and wise business management, has Lutheran Church. After taking a zigzag j won its way to a leading place as a fearless, course across three progressive and enterprising newspaper,with States, the sort of path ! a circulation second to no daily In the West a clergyman’s family ( Branch Valley, and committed to the local knows so well to and industrial welfare and advancement of travel,# a four years’ his native city, the growing and enterprising halt was madeat Indi¬ j metropolis of Northern Pennsylvania. He is an uncompromising Democrat, and ana, this State. Here I strikes sledge-hammer blows In support and Warner, the elder son, i defense of Democratic measures and prin¬ received his first daub ciples. Mr. Sweelv married Carrie, daughter of printer’s ink. He of L. W. Cook, and has two children, Isabel purchased a small and Lucius. He is a member of the Young printing office for §250 Men’s Democratic Club and the Ross Club. The Sun is equipped with a fast perfecting and threw outhis shin¬ press, the first Williamsport daily to use this gle. This business he ! machinery. Among its home constituency it carried on in connec¬ has earned the reputation of being particu¬ tion with his school¬ larly industrious in its efforts to assist and ing after the family had removed to Altoona promote the industrial Interests and develop¬ in 1881. Here the printing office was sold, and ment of Williamsport, and is a vigorous ex¬ ponent of local improvements. young Bell entered a private school to prepare Mr. Sweely has been prosecuted for libel for college. oftener than any editor in Williamsport, and He had fitted himself for the sophomore year never got an adverse verdict. In an Eastern college when, in the summer of 1883, during vacation, he was caught by the newspaper drag-net, being offered a position DR. FREDERICK C. JOHNSOS as reporter for the Altoona Times, then con¬ ducted by H. A. McPike. In the course of a The Alan Whoso Direction Mnkes the year he was called to Pittsburg to “cover Wllkesbarre “Record.” rivers” for the Post. Although he began at Dr. Frederick C. Johnson, one of the editors the very bottom rung of the ladder, he soon and proprietors of the Wllkesbarre Record— gained better positions, and eventually the j his assistant being Joseph C. Powell, a clever, city editor’s desk. During this time he was incisive and attractive writer—was born at married to Drucilla Holland, of Pittsburg. In July, 1890, Mr. Bell resigned his position in Pittsburg to take charge of the Indiana County Gazette, a weekly paper backed by the business men of Indiana, Pa, After'con¬ ducting this enterprise very successfully he, in April, 1892, proceeded to Altoona, where with other parties he had arranged for the Marquette,Wisconsin, bey was born in Pottsville, June 15,185^was In 185®,- He is a son of educated in its excellent common schools the late We„sley John¬ and graduated from the High School In 1874. son and great-grand- He immediately entered the office of the of Rev. Jacob Schuylkill. Republican, then published at ohnson, one of the Minersville, lour miles from Pottsville. He original settlers of learned the printing trade thoroughly, and Wilkesbarre and the also fitted himself to take charge of the busi¬ Wyoming Valley in ness and editorial department. Before he 1772. Dr. Johnson was finished his apprenticeship he was in full 05*11 non. _..'mm.educated at the public charge of the office, was later taken in as a \\ 'tschools of Wilkesbarre junior partner, and in 187fl became sole editor and at Ripon College, I and proprietor. Wisconsin. Beginning| In Anril, 1884, Mr. Zerbey moved the office with 1871 he had a to Pottsville, and six months later issued a business training of about ten years in the small daily campaign paper known as the banking house of Bennett, Phelps & Co., the Daily Republican, which, proving a success, coal office of F. J. Leavenworth and the was permanently continued. By reason ol Wilkesbarre Gas Company, meanwhile en¬ its independent treatment of all public ques¬ gaging at odd moments in voluntary contri¬ tions, its vigorous defense ot popular in¬ butions to the local papers and doing special terests, its live and complete news service, it correspondence from the coal regions for the has become a favorite and influential journal I Chicago Tribune. in the lower anthracite coal region, its actual He also spent a year in reportorial work paid daily circulation being over 8,000 copies in Chicago for that paper. A graduate of and constantly increasing. the medical department of the University Mr. Zerbey is a strong believer in the prin¬ of Pennsylvania, instead of engaging in prac¬ ciples of the Republican party, and has been tice Dr. Johnson embraced an opportunity an active and influential factor in the politics of entering journalism and purchased an in¬ of Schuylkill county. He has, however, never terest in the Wilkesbarre Record, the first hesitated to assume a manly independence of daily paper established in that city. He has action whenever he has believed that a strict conducted every department of the paper in adherence to party lines would result In turn—local, editorial and business manager. eventual serious injury to the party’s princi¬ Dr. Johnson married in 1885, his wife also ples. He has always refused political prefer¬ being a native of Wisconsin. Two children ment, claiming that in his sphere as a news¬ have been born to them. He has actively paper man he could do more for the people than he could as an office-holder. He is a identified himself with the local life oi the hard worker, an unrelenting enemy to public, community in the different ways that were official and corporation wrong, domestic in congenial to his tastes. He is a member of his habits, a constant reader and extensive the Board of Trade, an officer of the His¬ traveler, having crossed the continent several j torical Society, a member of the Board of Di¬ times. rectors of the Young Men’s Christian Asso¬ A few years ago Pottsville, which is now a ciation, a member of the Luzerne County growing, prosperous city, was in a stagnant ] Medical Society and of the State society, a condition owingtothe withdrawal from busi¬ member of the Republican county commit¬ ness of the individual coal operators by rea¬ tee, a member of the Masonic traternity, the son of the absorption of the collieries by the American Legion of Honor and the Hepta- Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron sophs, and is one of the committee appointed Company, and the. fact that there was no by the State Board of Public Charities to in¬ competing railroad. The town was actually spect the public institutions of Luzerne losing population. Through his paper Mr. Zerbey commenced an agitationfor the estab¬ county. This is not the full measure of his activity. lishment of new enterprises and for increased He is a member of the State Editorial Asso¬ railroad facilities. After some time both of ciation and was one of its vice presidents. Ho these results were accomplished—the Penn-I is also a member of the Wyoming Commem¬ sylvania and Lehigh Valley Railroads being orative Association and the Westmoreland constructed to Pottsville and a Board of Trade j Club. Dr. Johnson is much interested in an¬ organized, of which Mr. Zerbey was one of the I tiquarian research and has written consider¬ directors and which gave the town several ably in that direction, also publishing a quar¬ new industries, including the Tilt Silk Mill, I terly magazine devoted to the early history which employs nearly 1,000 hands, also a large J of the Wyoming Valley. He is a busy man shirt factory employing several hundred and the Record gives continual evidence of hands. Principally through Mr. Zerbey’s close attention to details, thorough system efforts Pottsville and its adjoining towns and unabated care in editing—qualities in¬ were supplied with electric railway facilities. separable from a live paper whose standard He is one of the kind of citizens which not is always first in its community. only advocate public improvements hut who head the list of subscription for them with a substantial sum and supplements this with J. HOWARD ZERBEY active work. Mr. Zerbey has been for some years the president of the Pottsville Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a director in sev¬ The Doughty General Who Makes the eral saving funds and other business institu¬ Pottsville “ Republican ” a Success. tions. J. H. Zerbey, editor and proprietor of the | Pottsville Daily Republican and Schuylkill i LEE L. GRUMBME Republican (weekly), has not contented him¬

self with producing two of the brightest, Editor of the Lebanon “ Report” and newsiest and most in¬ fluential journals in Learned In the Law. the interior oi the Lee L. Grumbine, editor of the Lebanon State, but has done Report, whose work has built that popular personal yeoman ser¬ daily paper into a prominence and reputa- ■ vice in advancing and tion second to none other in the State, wqa | increasing the busi¬ ness prosperity of the community in which they circulate. He is not only a successful editor and publisher, but a representative and enterprising busi¬ ness man. Mr. Zer¬ METi-_ ... _.T not always an editor j Elk county. There he set type, pulled an old but at one time prac¬ ■ hand press, wrote locals and made himself ticed law, and as Gen¬ generally useful. In 1871 be worked at his trade eral Gobln’s law part¬ in Harrisburg, and in 1872 the late George ner met with signal j Bergner gave him a place in the Telegraph success In his profes¬ composing room. sion. He Is a man Mr. Jones has been in the employ of that above getting tired. Of I paper ever since—twenty-one years. Whllo an active tempera¬ J setting type he found time to write several ment and full energy ! special articles which attracted the attention Mr. Grumblne not only of Samuel F. Barr, then editor-in-chief of the gets out a paper that ! Telegraph. At his instance young Jones was reaches Lebanon Val¬ given a temporary place as reporter. In 1877 ley homes generally, he was made city editor of the paper. He in¬ but he engages In other enterprises and ham¬ stituted a system of news-gathering which mers away until the best kind of interest is made the paper noted as a local journal. Mr. aroused and success is assured. Jones held the position of city editor up to Mr. Grumbine Is now some thirty years of 1 888, when he was made associate editor. While wrell known in the local field, he is age. He received his education in the public more generally recognized throughout, the schools and Is a graduate of Palatinate Col¬ State by prominent men of all classes as a lege, Myerstown, and Wesleyan University, newspaper correspondent. His acquaintance the latter In 1881. After graduation he studied with political men of all parties and of all law and was admitted to the bar of Lebanon ranks of life is perhaps unequaled by that of any other newspaper man in the State. It county in January, 1881, and to the Supreme has always been his aim to extend this ac¬ I Court of Pennsylvania in 1887. In college he quaintanceship. received the Parker prize in elocution and He can call a statesman by his first name was one of the honorary speakers in both the in a way that does not offend; slap a poli¬ junior and senior years. In 1886 he was chosen tician on the back in a friendly manner that is taken as a matter of course, and he is instructor of elocution by the trustees of Cor¬ friends with everyone. The greatest news- nell University. In 1889 Mr. Grumbine served Sapers in this country, from San Francisco to as principal of the School of Oratory of the ew Orleans and Boston, have employed him famous Silver Lake Assembly. at different times as correspondent, on ac¬ count of his familiarity with State politics The Lebanon Report was first issued in No¬ and noted men. vember, 1890, and met with a generous recep¬ Mr. Jones is very proud of his long connec¬ tion from the start. Nothing of its kind had tion with the Telegraph and has given that ever before been attempted in that city, a full paper his best work and most loyal devotion. telegraphic news service finding special ap¬ Although offered positions on papers of preciation. In its columns Editor Grumbine greater prominence in larger cities, he has advocated the establishment of the Pennsyl¬ resolutely refused to be tempted from his first vania Chautauqua at Mount Gretna and the i love and from the city whic i his pen has venture is already an institution. He pleaded helped to push forward so rapidly in the path for the organization of the Pennsylvania Ger- of progress. Mr. Jones never held office aud man Society, and this unique distinction of never expects to do so. He was president of bringing forward the German element from the State Editorial Association in 1889, and obscurity met with swift response, the society ' for six years has been appointed delegate to taking a front place among the great associa¬ the National Editorial Association. He is tions kindred to the New England Sooiety. prominent in local politics, but only to fur¬ He has prepared and published from time to ther the interests of his friends. time papers on “Provincialisms of Eastern Pennsylvania,” with an aim to hold up a purer English speech, purged of the German THOMAS B. COCHRAN idioms and provincialisms which are con¬ stantly used by persons who never dream that they are talking German with English words. Editor of the Lancaster “Examiner” Mr. Grumbine attends closely to the de- and Republican Leader. ; raands of journalism, and honors come as the J toiling life of a daily paper brings forward re¬ Thomas B. Cochran, editor of the Lancaster sults. He is a keen, incisive writer, some¬ Examiner, was born in York August 21,1845, times given to very loug opinions on his edi¬ and removed to Lancaster with his father’s torial page—a relic of his training as a lawyer family in 1S53. Hereceiveda common school —but none question his sincerity nor doubt his honesty of motive and purpose. In politics education, graduating the Report knows no party, but Editor Grum¬ from the Lancaster bine is an earnest Prohibitionist and never High School in 1861. speaks half way on the temperance question He started as a print¬ when opportunity affords. er’s devil in the Lan- caser Union, the organ of Thaddeus Stevens, THOMAS M’HOWELL JONES which was published by his father, the late The Harrisburg Correspondent and John J. .Cochran. At Brilliant Editor of the “Telegraph.” the end of his appren¬ Thomas McDowell Jones, of the Harrisburg ticeship he worked for Daily Telegraph, was born in Hollidaysburg, some time in Phila¬ Blair county, August 31, 1850. His father, U. delphia, learning in J. Jones, the editor and historian, was at that full the details of job time editor of the Hol¬ printing. During the lidaysburg Standard. Legislative session of 1864 he was employed In I860 Mr. Jones’ par¬ by the late George Bergner, of Harrisburg, as ents removed to Har¬ reporter for the Legislative Record, and con¬ risburg and he gradu¬ tinued at that work during the sittings of the ated from the high Legislature until the session of 1872, when a school of that city. In vacancy occurred in the office of Journal Clerk 1867 he was apprenticed of the Senate, which position he was elect ?d to to learn the art of fill. When the Legislature was not in session printing and served his he worked in the several newspaper offices of full four years, the last Lancaster for several years, and at the open¬ two years being spent ing of the Presidential campaign of 1868, jn in a backwoods print¬ ing office in Ridgw’ay, company with K. H7 Ttauoh, published the; Father Abraham newspaper, which obtained a FRANK J. SHERER wide circulation. In the winter of 1870 he with¬ drew from that enterprise, read law and was Tile Faithful Guardian Spirit admitted to the Lancaster bar in 1873. While Allentown “ Chroiilele-News.” the Legislature was in session he served as Frank J. Sherer, editor ot the Allentown I Journal Clerk of the Senate from 1872 to 1870 Chronicle and Nervs, has been a resident of inclusive, and in 1877 was elected to the Chief Clerkship of the Senate, which position he! Allentown since 18G2. He was born in Sny- continued to hold till 1880. 1 dersville, Lehigh county, being a son of the In March, 1889, he and his brother, H. B. late Edward Sherer, a I Cochran, purchased irom Congressman John famous millwright in A. Hiestandthe Examiner printing plant, and his day. He was edu-1 the Cochran brothers are now the sole pub¬ cated in the public lishers and proprietors. The Examiner is pub¬ lished dally and semi-weekly, is an independ¬ schools of Allentown ent Republican Journal, and while its circula- and was a member of I lation and Influence have always been wide, the first class that ever under the present ownership both have graduated from the largely increased. city’s high school, in GEORGE T. SWAM 1869, the class number¬ ing only three. In I January, 1870, several I Creator of the Johnstown “ Tribune,” a months before the I Model State Paper of Great Influence. Chronicle was born, he I George T. Swank, editor and proprietor of _ entered the employ of the Johnstown Tribune—an individual whose its editor and proprietor, Mr. Robert Iredell, caustic pen, brilliant qualities and unadul¬ Jr., who was then publishing a weekly paper, terated Republican tendencies have been a the Lehigh Register. Strange as it may seem power in Cambria to the present generation of high school grad¬ county the past thirty uates, Mr. Sherer did not labor under the de-1 years—was born in lusive but pleasant idea that “ he knew it all,” Conemaugh township, and that the editorial chair would just about Indiana county, the fit him, but shied his castor into the arena of ] third child of George life’s struggles and ambitions as a carrier boy. W. and Nancy Moore He served a full apprenticeship and during I Swank, and was that time was initiated into the mysteries of I brought to Johnstown how to wash rollers, clean and feed the press an infant by his par¬ and such other work as he was called upon ents. There is no more to do, until he acquired a thorough knowledge unique nor interesting of press work. Later he entered the compos-1 figure in Pennsylvania ing room as a “ knight of the stick and rule,” I journalism than Mr. and subsequently spent two years in the job Swank. There is no better nor neater paper office, familiarizing himself with that branch than his Johnstown Tribune. of the trade. In 1852 his brother, James M. Swank, now In the spring of 1873 J. S. Blery, who then general manager of the American Iron and represented the Lehigh-Montgomery district [ Steel Associatidn, was selected by the ardent in Congress, appointed Mr. Sherer a cadet at West Point. He passed the examination, but old Whigs of Johnstown to edit a Scott cam¬ his father’s failing health caused him to de¬ paign paper, and George T. Swank went into cline the position and what was the army’s I the office with him, rolling the forms on a loss became journalism’s gain. In December, i two-pull Ramage press, with wooden platen 1875, he succeeded D. B. Wood as local editor 1 fastened to a frame with cords in place of of the Chronicle. In the winter of 1883 Mr. : Sherer was in the secret service of the United springs. In speaking of the event Mr. Swank States Government, gathering evidence in the says: “While my brother pulled the lever, “ tissue ballot” frauds of South Carolina. He after he had edited the paper and, with my spent nearly four months in that State, the assistance, set up the type, took a first proof work at times being hazardous and delicate. on the bed of the press and corrected it there, For the fidelity with which he performed his duties Judge Melton, the United States Attor- two hundred copies of the Cambrian were ney, and his special assistant, General Will- ] printed. I carried them to the subscribers.” lam P. Snvder, presented him with a valuable The paper was made a permanency under testimonial. In May, 1883, he resumed his the name of the Cambria Tribune, afterwards position on the paper. He wields a vigorous changed to the Johnstown Tribune. Mr. pen, is never prolix or verbose and does not Swank went West in 1854 and worked in sev¬ cloud or darken the wisdom of an article by eral offices until 1859. With the exception of an avalanche of extraneous or irrelevant two terms he attended the Elder’s Ridge matter. He has kept the paper abreast with Academy, and then went into the Tribune the times and as long as he fills his present office, New York. While serving a second en- position the Chronicle and News will not lag ' listment he was wounded in the Wheat Field superfluous on the journalistic stage. Mr. at Gettysburg, was discharged in consequenoe Sherer was married in June, 1880, to Miss of the wound and returned to New York, Laura G. Moyer, daughter of the late Tilgh- going back to Johnstown from there in 1869. man H. Moyer, cashier of the First National Mr. Swank purchased his brother’s interest Bank and prominent in Sunday school work. as proprietor of the Weekly Jh-ibune, pub¬ She, with one child, a son, brightens his home lished the weekly alone until 1873 and then circle. __ started the daily in conjunction, printing them continuously since. The Tribune was started as Whig, on the death of that party it JOHN A. WALLACE was Know-Nothing and then Republican. It has been in the hands of the Swanks, with an -:— intermission of a short time, since 1852. With tile Chester “Times” He Plays a The great flood of May SI. 1889, included the Tramp Card Every Day. Tribune office in the general destruction, and it was weeks before It appeared above the i John A. Wallace, one'of the editors and wreck and ruin. The Tribune to-day has all proprietors of the Chester Times, was born in the metropolitan ways, ana Editor Swank Hyde Park, Dutchess county, N. Y.j received i sees that the news finds every inch of space his education in the public schools of New on its pages. The Tribune does not waste space in any form. York city, the Strat¬ FRANK W. BOWEN ford, Conn., Academy

and at the age of 18 An Editor Whose Paragraphs Send the years entered Will- % lams College, Will- 1 Oil City “ Blizzard” Into Many Homes. lamstown, Mass. The 1 Frank W. Bowen, editor of the Oil City war breaking out Blizzard, was born on a farm in the town of while in college, he 'Portland, Chautauqua county. New York, severed his connec- v) iMay 27, 1852, and is consequently now in his tlon with that lnstitu- B 41st year. His early tlon and entered the boyhood was spent on army with the One the farm. What edu¬ Hundred and Fiftieth cation he has was ac¬ New York Volunteers quired at the Colle¬ and later served with giate Institute, iu the Sixty-sixth Vete¬ Jamestown, N. Y. He ran Volunteers. Re¬ attended this school turning to his native & several seasons during county at the close of the war, he taught | the summer months, school for about two years and then went to and taught district I New York citv and entered the County Clerk’s schools in the winter. office. Soon after he resigned to accept a po¬ His first newspaper sition in the chief engineer’s office in the work was done on the j Brooklyn Navy Yard, and In a short time Parker City Daily, thereafter was appointed chief clerk. In 1873 published by G. A, he resigned his position and removed to Ches¬ Needle at Parker's ter and accepted a position in Roach’s ship- Landing. In 1875 he commenced work on I yard. the Oil City Derrick, and his first assignment Mr. Wallace entered the newspaper business was to collect statistics for an oil report for in 1881 by organizing the Chester Times Pub¬ that paper, in connection with J. J. McLaurln, lishing Company, was elected secretary and now editor of the Harrisburg Sunday Tele¬ treasurer of the company and editor of the gram. paper. After various changes in the organiz¬ Mr. Bowen worked on the Derrick continu¬ ation, he bought out the business, but his ously for about seven years, until May 22,1882, health failing a few years later, by reason of when, in connection with two other employes too close application, he sold out a half inter¬ of that paper—H. G. McKnight and B. F. est to William C. Sproul, with whom he is Gates—he started the Blizzard, Gates subse¬ now associated in the ownership and man¬ quently disposing of his interest to Bowen & agement of one of the best equipped news¬ McKnight, who now publish the paper. Tho paper plants, in one of the best Newspaper j Blizzard was established under adverse cir¬ buildings, and they are now publishing one cumstances, but has been a fairly remunera¬ of the brightest and best, as well as one of the tive enterprise. The paper is popular at IjgjQk most profitable, newspapers in this country, and quite widely quoted. JJeiitically Mr. outside the large cities. Bowen is a Republican of the independent The Chester Times has been a remarkably breed. successful newspaper, und when asked how | Tq the foregoing it may be added by one he accounted for its success, Mr. Wallace re¬ | who has known him well that the productions plied that he did not know unless it was tho of Mr. Bowen’s pen are thoroughly charac¬ policy he adopted in the publication of his teristic of the man—indicating a love of fair paper and everlastingly pounding. “In play, a natural disposition to touch up a hyp¬ country towns, as ours is called," he added, ocrite whenever occasion offers, and, in the | “people get better acquainted with each philosophy of existence, to look in the main other than in large cities and feel more of an upon the sunny side of life. With his ability i interest in each other, and hence they like to hear and read almost anything and almost as a writer he combines that which few everything concerning them. Town gossip writers of note possess—practical business of all kinds, local happenings of every char¬ ability. Through the possession and exercise acter, the social and political movements, all o f these abilities, for a considerable period in written up in a breezy, bright, cheery man- the face of obstacles well calculated to cause I ner, make the local newspaper a welcome visitor in almost every household. It has a desire to quit and go “ back to Griggsby been our aim to get all the news of this char- ^ Station,” Mr. Bowen has given the Blizzard a ; acter possible and we have everlastingly national reputation, and, while he does not hammered away on that line, and the success own the Oil Creek Valley, there are tho which has crowned our efforts convinces us ' haunch-prints of no wolf in the vicinity of : that we are on the right track.” his door. In politics Mr. Wallace is an earnest Re¬ publican and has been actively identified Blessed by nature with a vigorous constitu¬ with the politics of his city and county for tion, never impaired through anv loss of I many years. He has served as chairman of any sleep in setting up nights to worry about the number of county conventions, chairman of world’s supply of coal, oil or gas one thousand the Republican county executive committee, years hence, he has never known what it Is to ■ I chairman of the city executive committee, be without the possession of health. He has I President of Chester City Council, president a pleasant home on Cottage Hill, where the of the Water Board, delegate to State conven¬ friends of himself and wife are always wel¬ tions and as a member of the State commit-1 come. tee. He was appointed Postmaster at Chester by President Arthur and was removed as an “ offensive partisan ” by President Cleveland MORGAN R. WILLS In 1885. Mr. Wallace married Miss Emma Coyle, ol His Life W ork anti (Excellence T.VTiiflrtl Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1864, and they have a family of five children, one of whom, Frank in the Norristown “ Herald.” Wallace, is in the Government Printing Morgan Reese Wills, editor and proprietor Office, Washington, and one, a daughter, the wife of J. Frank Kitts, of the First National of the Norristown Daily Herald, is at tho Bank, Media. There are three younger chil¬ head of one of the oldest newspapers in tho dren at home. | country. He was born in West Whiteland t townsfiip, Chester printer’s true instincts, took to the roa county, on October 21, visited the various sections of the Unionf 1831. Having received ocean to ocean, and from the St. Lawrence to a common school edu¬ the Gulf. cation he entered the In 1886 he boughtthe BrockwayvilleRecord, offlceof the West Ches¬ with E. C. NIver, both of them coming from ter Jeffersonian in 1847 Tennessee. The Record was a struggling, to learn the printing unheard of country paper, but they made it trade. He remained prosperous and of considerable local influence. there from April until In 1891 the Bradford Era, in casting about for September of that a man to do outside work in the lumber and year. His parents re- coal fields, was attracted by Mr. Butler’s work, and the place was offered him. A few moving to Norristown months later he was made editor and business he entered the office of manager, and the Era under his direction has the Register of that borough, remaining there made marked advancement toward pros¬ until 1863. Early in that year Mr. Wills ac¬ perity. He married Miss Annie Schwem, of cepted an invitation from his relative, Cap¬ DuBois, a year ago. tain Isaac R. Diller, then appointed Post¬ Editor Butler’s charming style is best set forth in a series of sketches known as the master at Springfield, Ill., by President “ Harry Hardup Stories,” that have attracted Pierce, to fill the position of mailing clerk. wide attention. He is a graceful writer and I Not finding the situation congenial, however, has built up the Era to a national reputation. he returned to Norristown in the fall of 1853, and again engaged in the printing and sta¬ tionery business until 1864, a portion of the time filling the 'post of local news writer for From, ieJdL tnd Register. In Maicir,-4864, Mr. Wills purchased from Robert Iredell a hair-interest in the Herald and Free Press. Robert Ire&fiHr JT-, succeed¬ —» I ing to the other half interest. In I860, having- at that time become sole owner of the paper, Mr. Wills issued, December 20, of that year, Date, *. the first number of the Daily Herald, the cir¬ culation of which in a few years and the weekly, requiring the use of Hoe’s latest ap¬ pliances for stereotyping and printing. OF GREAT INTEREST Though positively Republican in its party ad¬ vocacy it it mainly devoted to the local news of Norristown and vicinity. Excepting a few months in travel Mr. Wills A DIARY OF SULLIVAN'S EXPEDITION has been a busy man in the printing office and editorial room for a period of more than PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME. forty years. As editor and proprietor of the Herald since 1864 he has had little time for anything outside of his profession. AVith a The Orderly Book of Samuel McNeill, corps of capable assistants he conducts the Quartermaster—Old and Important business of one of the most complete news¬ paper, jobbing and binding establishments in Document — Sullivan’s Invasion the State. of tlieGenosee Country in 1770. The weekly Herald was established Decem¬ ber, 1799, bound files of which, bearing date of 1803 and for most of the years since, are pre¬ served in the office. In 1885 the legislature of this state passed On September 6, 1860, Mr. AVills married an act providing for the publication, under Mary Iiitner Dager, daughter of the late Daniel H. Dager, of Montgomery county. the direction of the secretary of state, of the Mrs. AVills has been a valuable assistant on journals kept by the officers and soldiers of the Herald, her letters descriptive of Euro¬ the army, under command of Major-General pean and California life and scenery, which were subsequently published in book form, John Sullivan, that invaded the Genesee being especially noteworthy. country in 1779 and punished the Six Nations for their hostility towards the colonies in the war with Great BION H. BUTLER. Britain, and for the publication also of the proceedings of the centennial celebrations The Young Man Winning Fame’s Best at Newton, Geneseo, Waterloo, and Aurora. Smile on the Bradford Era. In view of the magnitude of the work Bion H. Butler, editor of the Bradford Era, Frederick Cook, of this city, who was secre¬ was born in Jefferson county, this State, in tary of state at the time, appointed George 1857, of New England stock. His mother was jS. Conover, Esq., of Geneva, N. Y., to a German. When eleven years old the boy compile the book. This appointment began to learn the printing trade. Seven was a very fortunate one, for it years later he em- is doubtful if there was a single i barked in the publica¬ individual among the historians and scholars tion of the Brockway- of the state so well qualified as Mr. Conover ville Free. Press, and for this particular task. He was not only left it on the beach. an accurate writer, a painstaking investi¬ AVith the opening of gator, and one skilled in Indian archaeology 1879 he established the but he had made a careful study of the Sul¬ DuBois Courier, which was a success from the livan expedition, had followed the route of start. After a few years the army, and was thoroughly familiar | with the Courier the with the pioneer settlement of Centr young man, with the and Western New York. The book, a la 8 vo. of 580 pages, with maps and ills 61 I [from_ County _ Antrim, Ireland,_,_ in 174o. H ' AMlflM ef' lions ’ was"published in 1887 and was regard¬ was born in Warwick township, Montgom¬ ed as' a very valuable contribution to the ery county, Pa., where he pursued the oc¬ history of the state of New York. Mr. Con¬ cupation of surveyor. He was a nephew of over took great pains to procure copies of all John Lukens, surveyor-general of Pennsyl¬ the diaries, journals, and orderly books kept vania, 1761-1789, and a brother-in-law of bv the officers and soldiers of the invading George Palmer, deputy surveyor of Norths, army and it was supposed that none had ampton county for fifty-one years. He en¬ been overlooked. Very recently, however, listed as a volunteer in Captain Longs treet’s Mr. Conover discovered the existence of the company and served seven years Orderly Book of Samuel McNeill, Esqr., in the revolutionary army; was I Brigade Q. M. to General Hand’s Brigade, made brigade quartermaster in and he has very kindly sent it to the Post- General Hand’s brigade and was engaged in Express for publication, togetbe : with a the Sullivan expedition against the Indians ' letter of introduction and a sketch of oamuei in 1779. His name is found in the • “ Order Book” of Sullivan’s army, sometimes McNeill: spelled MacNeal and McNeel. May 25, Another Sullivan Journal. 11780, he married Mary Palmer, daughter of Through the kindness of Miss Maud John Palmer and Mary Lukens, by whom he Heaton, of Philadelphia, Pa., a literal copy had three children. His journal is in the of another Sullivan journal has been burn¬ possession of his grandson, Reuben Ayres ished, that of her great-grandfather, fcanmel Heaton, Philadelphia, Pa. He was wounded McNeill, Quarter Master to General Hand s in the battle of Princeton and received from Brigade in Sullivan’s expedition against the the state of Pennsylvania an annuity for Six Nations of Indians in 1779. It seems life. His brother, Hiram McNeill, was ap¬ strange how these documents are unearthed: pointed one of the judges of Montgomery indeed it is marvellous that m a little county, Pa., November 28, 1817. He died army of from 4,000 to 6,000 men, a mere from the effects of the wound he received brigade in a modern army, so many at the battle of Princeton, at Bloomsburg, of its officers and men should Mav 8. 1817, and is interred at that place. • have kept detailed daily diaries and with such great exactness and completeness: par- The Orderly Book. ticulary when we remember the limited Tioga August 26th ’79. This day about writing facilities afforded, the gray goose 112 o’clock marched from Tioga and In- Quill, the home made ink, and the indiffer¬ camped on a plain 3J^ miles from Tioga. ent paper. These many diaries give ns some Nothing material happened this day. idea of the importance with which the ex¬ 27th.—Marched about nine o’clock, at pedition was regarded. eleven came to a Defile about % of a mile in In the roster of officers of the expedition Length Which Detained the army Till ten in the book published by the state a few o’clock at night before the whole of the bag¬ years ago, it is very unfortunate that the gage was through. Gen’l Hand marched name of Samuel McNeill does not appear. the light troops near Seven Miles this Day Although much pains were taken to make and Incamped at the North end of a Corn¬ that roster complete, and it is as perfect as field, the cornfield suposed to, Contain about it could possibly have been made 30 acres, this cornfield had been at that time, yet a slight ,Regularly Plowed and well Tended. examination will show that the Exceeding good. An officers Command of details are incomplete. There is no doubt Rifle men being sent to the Top of a Large but that the organization itself was incom¬ mountain on our right to reconoitre, Re¬ plete Vacancies were occurring and other turned and said they Saw a number of the 1 officers were detailed temporarily to fill the Enemies Fires—our course this Day N. 36. i vacant positions, whose names do not appear 28th. The army crossed the Tioga River on the roster of officers. Then the adjutants twice it being very high and Rapid Lost sev¬ to the brigades were careless in noting these eral horses and many more loads, consisting i details. In this way discrepancies appear of Flour and ammunition,about Nine o’clock 'that with the present means of information, at Night, the Light Troops Incamped at cannot be reconciled. Then again the ros¬ Shemung an Indian town burned by our ters as found in the several state depart¬ Troops August ye 21st. ments, were those of regiments or brigades 29th. The Light Troops Marched at 7 as organized and not their condition as o’clock A. M. The main Body marched at actually existing in the field. Ten, the whole continued their march Till It is sincerely to be regretted that the re¬ about Eleven when the Light Troops Com mainder of the journal is not now in exist¬ by General Hand was Fired upon he sent ence. Miss Heaton writes: “ My grandmother forward some Riflemen in order to amuse ihad in her possession, her father’s, Samuel the Enemy while he could make Discoveries, 'McNeill’s, entire journal, but destroyed a he soon found they had formed a breastwork portion of it together with other papers, at with Several Bastines the whole near a mile the time, thinking them of no value.” The i in Length and about 3 ft high Suposed to be biographical sketch is mainly the production defended by about Six hundred Indians and of Miss Heaton. George S. Conover. 1 Two hundred white men, their Commander Geneva, N. Y., May 17, 1893. in Chief Butler was also there Brant, Mc¬ Donald, Two Lieu Paulings and oue Q. M. Samuel McNeill. Pauling also a number of white officers their Samuel McNeill was the eldest child of names not known. Genl Hand could after 'Anthony McNeill and Elizabeth Ayres, who i Posting himself in a Proper Position have i emigrated to the province of Pennsylvania I attacked their works, Sword in hand, had not\ Genl Sullivan Sin? orders fo tEeUom SupposedTcTbe about 100 years or trary Genl Hand Continued Transmitting his Indians Took Great Care of Her Duri Discoveries to Genl (Sullivan from time to Stay at the Place and by Genl Sulivan’s time while the Artillery was Crossing an order Built a Bark Cabin near the Water side Exceeding bad Defile and the men had to and gave her Bread Meat and Indian Corn hitch Drag-ropes to the waggons and with' Sufficient to Last her Six weeks I Confess I the help of horses it took one Hundred and think She was the Greatest object of Pitty Twenty men to each waggon to draw it up I ever saw our Course this Day about North. the hill. At 12 o’clock the artillery was Marched 12 34 miles. brought before the enemy’s works the Rifle¬ Sept 2’d. ’79. This Day lay by in order men Kept up n slow fire amusing the Enemy to Draw provision Wash our Clothes &c and in order to Keep them from Turning out Nothing Material Happened, myself Being of their works to make Discoveries the artil¬ ordered out with the Surveying Party and lery was planted in the most advantageous Discovered the Seneca Lake about 5% miles Place at about 400 yards distance t.lio artil¬ North of Incampment. lery consisted of Pieces as follows viz: Two Sept 3d 79. Marched at Eight oclock A. Howitzs and Four Pieces — Genl Poor M. at about six miles came in Sight of the marched from our right, in order to East Side of the Seneca Lake Continued on gain their rear, the Artillery began the East Side of the Lake Eleven & a half a slow fire. General Hand fixed miles to our Incamping ground, Through Bayonets in order to Force their works the the Best and greatest Body of instant Genl. Poor gained their rear. How¬ Good Land I ever Saw, none ot ever the Artillery did not continue their the Enemy seen this Day nothing slow fire it was expected but soon began to material happened we Incamped on pour in their works, Shells round and Grape a Plain our Cattle had nothing to eat but Shot amazingly, the Indians very soon left Pea-vine and that only one hour in the Even¬ the Fort to Butler and his Despicable gang ing then Tyed to the Trees till 34 after Five who suddenly followed. Genl Poor fell in in the morning of the 4th when we started. with their Bight wing upon their retreat Our course this Day N 10 W Distance 11J4 when a very heavy Fire Insued Genl Hand Miles. being Close on their Rear, his Front opened Sept, ye 4th 79. —Marched this Day at a a heavy fire which obliged the Enemy to run half after five A. M. passed through the in Confusion to the River Tioga which was best Land I ever Saw and Still continues within a mile of our Left the Crossed River, Such as far as we could See. Continued all leaving a number of their Dead on the this Day nearly Parallel to the Lake in¬ ground. Fifteen scalps we got—the camped Two miles in Front of the main hurry of our Pursuit obliged us to leave Body on a very Pleasant Summit a Little a number on the ground not Scalped. We Higher than the Flats in Sight of the Lake. Had Two Killed and nine wounded we also Our course this day N 20 E. Distance 13 Took Two Prisoners, one a Tory from miles. Schoharry the other a negroe from the same Sept, ye 5th 79. Marched at 10 A. M. Place—we Continued our march till about Continued in Sight of the Lake about 2*4 ten o’clock P. M. when we Incamped near Miles when we arrived at a town Called Newtown where the Enemy had been In- appletown or otherwise Containing about 10 camped for Some time. good Indian Houses we soon Destroyed the 30th. We lay by this Day in order to put Town and Encamped on the ground where ourselves in a proper position for following it stood. Our course North. the enemy very rapid. Sept. 6th 79. Marched at Eleven A. M 31st. Marched about Ten miles and In- about 3 miles and Encamped on the Lake camped on a very Pleasant Flat of Ground Side, one of the most pleasant Situations I on our Right was a very fine Creek & on our ever saw Nothing material Happened this left was an Exceeding fine riseing Piece of Day. Course N 5 W. Distance 3 miles. Ground Lay this night without any alarm. w September the 7th 79. the General Beat September ye 1st ’79. Marched at 10 at five A. M. we Marched at Six Through o’clock. Passed Through Several Swamps very fine Land and Pleasant Plains at Eight at one P. M. came to the Grand Dividing & a half Miles came to the place where the Ridge from whence the waters all run North¬ Lake emptys its self, from it flows an Ex¬ erly Towards the Lakes—the Instant we ceeding flue River about Thirty yards wide came to the Ridge which was so low as to be River runs 12 Miles Easterly when it just Percoivibly we discovered the Head of emptyes itself into the River that runs from a large water which runs into the South End the Kiuga Lake and is called the Seneca on Conisadaga Lake we continued our Course River which runs into Lake Ontario. We Down t’d water the course of which is near Crossed the river which was about 3 feet Due north Till we came to Catrinas Town deep, without any loss. As soon as we or otherwise Queaucttquaga we arrived at crossed the River the path turned Due west s’d Town at Twelve P. M. when we came along the North End of the Lake we marched within hearing of Their Dogs it was about about half a mile in order give Eleven P. M. where we found Genl Hand to room for tho rest of the troops to form, as soon or’d the Musquetry to Form in Two Solid as we were formed we marched on in Colloms, the Riflemen formd in Front of the several colloms in order to surround whole in this position we Entered the Town the Capital of the Seneca Nations which was without Firing a shot, the Enemy had Left between 2 & 3 miles west of the Crossing ■ he Town but a few minutes before we en¬ Place—about Sundown the Troops formed a tered it—we found some cattle such as junction in the town but found nothing of Horses Cows and Hogs, also found in one of any ereat value,—the Enemy Had left it the houses an old Squaw scarce able to walk, about Five Days before we gotrinto-if, "wo five hundred TaSEeerTiO be Imprinted upon found a white child Supposed to be between any person Detected in the before mentioned 3 & 4 years old, Could speak Nothing but | offences, and in addition thereto to Draw Indian, our Interpreters told us it said Its1 ; only one pound of Flour and meat per week Mother had left it Sick—we supposed it had I during the campaign. i been taken at Chery Valley—the Capital of The General being well convinced of the ■the Seneca Indians is called Conodesago. it inattention of some Brigade Commissaries consists of about 100 houses, Some of them . and Conductors of horses — Positively very good Indian Houses. J orders that the Brigade Commis- ■ saries be answerable for all the provision Comments by Mr. Conover. Delivered to them and that they make the It is to be regretted that the remainder of I Conducters accountable to them When pro- this journal is not now in existence. The' ' visions are lost no excuse will be admited point where it leaves off is at a place of except the Brigade of the day, upon hearing [great historical interest. It was here that'' I the evidence Certifies that the loss was En- [Sir William Johnson, during the French I evitable, all other losses are to be ac- | war, erected a palisade fort and block houses \ I counted for by the Commissaries and Con- ; for the Senecas, which secured them to the ! ducters, as also subject to a Tryal by Court [interest of the British and were the means martial. of turning the tide in that fierce contest in As the troops will have such a quantity of favor of the British and to which we are I corn and beans at this place as will be am¬ indebted for being an English instead of a 1 ply sufficient for a Days provision, the Flour French-speaking people at this day. The! they have on Hand is to Extend one day place was completely destroyed by Sulli¬ longer than it was issued for. van’s army, the fortification burned, and The troops to hold themselves in readiness the large apple and peach orchards gir- to march at the shortest notice in Common i died. Sprouts from the roots, however, ' order for Chemung. I soon sprang up and in 1797, only eighteen First Gun a signal to the General, second -years later, 100 bushels of peaches were sold for the assembling, Third for the march to I to a distillery, and cider to the amount of beat. One man more to be added to Capt. I $1,200 was sold, the product of these or¬ Seelin’s Coips of pioneers. chards. According to Hon. Lewis H. Mor¬ B. O. gan, L L. D., the Seneca Indian name of Field Officer of the Light Corps to¬ this place is Ga-nun-da-sa-ga, but it is now morrow, Major Church. Adjutant, Boss. commonly known as Kanadesage, situate ; about 1J4 miles westerly from the north end of Seneca lake, and is now, in part, occupied- by the New York State Agricultural Experi¬ ment Station. Sergeant Moses Fellows, under date of September 9, 1779, wrote in his journal as follows: “By Reason of the Heavy Rain last night we were Not able to move this Morning till 12 o’clock for Geneseo; what Corn, Beans, peas, Squashes, Potatoes, Inions, turnips, Cabages, Cowcumbers, water- millions, Carrots, pasnips &c. our men and horses Cattle &c. could not Eat was Dis- troyed this Morning Before we march.” This was a pretty good assortment for that place in those days. The following is also extracted from the MSS. journal and, with what is given before, comprises all that is PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. now left of the journal.

Tlie Journal Concluded. Formation of the Society—The Transit of Headquarters Near Chemung 27th Venus — Picturesque Gatherings — Early August, '79. Places of Sleeting—Philosophical Hall. I Parole, America. C. S. Spain. Brigadier of the day General Clinton , Field officer, Lieut Dearbourne From 40 societies in various parts of this Brigade Major, Fish country, and from a dozen societies in Eu- It is with great gri«f and astonishment ! rope, delegates will come to-day to attend the.lSOth anniversary of the American Pliilo- the Comr in Chief is informed that some of ; sophical Society in this city. Among them the soldiers steal the stores of the army and !are some of the most distinguished philoso¬ even the private allowance of their mess phical and scientific thinkers in the world. To mates, while others are so vile as to Through- this important meeting the Austrian Govern¬ away their own provision this Dis¬ ment has despatched two officers eminent in its covers an unjust and ungenerous navy and in scientific work, and has assigned Disposition as well as Inattention especially for their service a Government ves- to their own Comfort and Safety j tel. The list of societies that have accepted the General Declares as the army has Drawn I Invitations to be represented at the anniver- I sary, and of the names of the delegates that | provision to a certain period will not suffer I are to represent them, is as follows: the army to Return through want of pro¬ Societe Eutomologiqne de Belgique, Brus¬ vision until that Period be Expired—the sels, Belgium, Captain Casey, U. S. A., New ‘ General positively declares also he will order i York; I. R. Aeeademia degii Agiati, Rovereto, Tyrol, Henry Phillips, Jr., Philadelphia; Fa., Prof. J. II. Roddy, Millersvilie, Pa,, K. Military and Geographical Institute of Prof. S. M. Sene* Lancaster, Pa. ; College of Vienna, Captain Karl Chevalier Itousscau Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Charles Bullock; d’Happoncourt, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Daublebsky von Slerneck; R. University de General Isaac J. Wistar; College of Phy¬ Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Henry Phillip*, Jr., sicians, Philadelphia, Pr. S. Weir Mitchell; Philadelphia; University of Pisa, Pisa, ' Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, Philadelphia, Francis Jordan, Jr.; En¬ gineers’ Club, Philadelphia, Strickland Kneass; Wagner Free Insiitute, Philadelphia, Joseph Wilcox; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Provost Villftm Pepper, M.D., LL. D. ; Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Professor Edwin J. Houston: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Chas. 0. Harrison; Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Md., Prolessor Ira D. Remsen;] Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore,Md., Rev. John G. Morris, D. D.; Anthropologi- , cal Society, Washington, D. C., Colonel Gar¬ rick Mallery, United States Army; United; States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washing-; ton, D. C., Professor Charles A. Schott; Smith-1 sonian Institution, Washington, D. C., Pro¬ fessor Samuel P. Langley, Pu. D., LL.D.,Dr. George Brown Goode; Georgia Historical So¬ ciety, Savannah, Ga., Henry Phillips, Jr., Philadelphia; Uakversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., Henry Phillips, Jr., Philadel¬ phia; University of Indiana, Bloomington, Lid., Professor John M. Coulter; Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Ill., George H. Hough, LL. D., Charles G. Fuller, M. D. Italy, Henry Phillips, Jr., P.hiladelphia; The Canadian Institute, Toronto, Canada, Royal Academy, of Padua, Prof. John James and the Nova Scotia Institute, Halifax, N. S., Stevenson, Ph. D., New York; R. Istituto di have also accepted the invitation, but have Studi Superiori, Florence, Italy, Prof. Vin¬ not named their delegates. The following so cenzo Botta, New York; R. Academia de la cieties have sent congratulations, but regret Hisloria, Madrid, Spain, Henry Phillips, Jr., that no delegates can be present: Philadelphia; Royal Society, London, Eng¬ Geological Survey of India, Calcutta; Asiatic land, Captain W.de \V.Abney, R.E.,C.B.,K. Society of Japan, Tokyo; Tokyo Library, C. B. ; Royal StatistioaVSociety, London, Eng., Tokyo, Japan; Royal Society of New South Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, Wales, Sydney; Royal Geographical Society, Eug., Sir Douglas Galton, K. C. B. ; Royal Brisbane, Australia; Finska Litteratur-Salls- Astronomical Society, Ion don, Eng., Isaac fcapet, Helsingfors; K. Sachsisehe Meteoro- Roberts, D. Sc., F. R. S., F. R, A. S., F. G. j.'ogische Institute Chemnitz, Saxony; S. ; Royal Asiatic Society of Great'Britain and j K. Sachsisehe Alterthumsverein, Dres¬ Ireland, London, Eug., Professor Charles It. den, Saxony; K. Norske Freder¬ lanman, Cambridge, Mass.; Royal-Society of icks Universitet, Christiania, Norway; Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, Professor K. Norske Videnskabers Seiskab, Throndh- Herbert Anson Newton, New Haven, Con¬ jern; Anthropologische Gesellsehaft, Vienna, necticut; Harvard University, Cambridge, I Austria; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Mass., Professor William W. Goodwin,LL. D. ; Universitat, Bonn, Prussia; Naturhistoriche Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, | Verein der Preussischen Rheinlande und Mass., Prof. George Lincoln Goodale, LL. D.; Westphalens, Bonn, Prussia; Verdin fur Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Erdkunde, Metz, Germany ; Wiirtem- Mass., Dr. Samuel A. Green; American Acad¬ bergische Verein fur Handelsgeographie, emy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass., Stuttgart, Germany; Senckenbergische Na- Prof. Josiah P. Cooke, LL. D., Prof. Alpheus turforschende Gesellsehaft, Frankfort a. M.; Hyatt, Cambridge, Mass.; Boston Society of Naturwissenchaftliche Verein fur Schleswig- Natural History, Bo:-ton, Mass.. Prof.Samuel Holstein, Kiel; Batavian Society, Rotterdam; H. Scudder, Ph. D. ; Institute of Technology, Aca46mie Royale des Sciences, Bruxelles, Boston, Mass., Prof. Thomas Messinger Drown; Belgium; Schweizerische Naturforschende / American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Gesellsehaft, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ac¬ Mass., Hon. Henry C. Lea., LL.D., Philadel¬ ad f-mie des Sciences, Dijon, France; So- phia; Providence Franklin Society, Provi-1 cidt6 de Geographic, Paris, France; Oxford dence, R. I., Prof. Levi W. Russell; Newi University, Oxford, England; Royal Observa¬ Haven Colony Historical Society, Newj tory, Edinburgh, Scotland; Literary and Haven, Conn., Prof. James M. Hoppin,D.D. ; Philosophical Society, Manchester, England; Yale University, New Haven, Conn., Prof. University of California, Mount Hamilton, OthnielC. Marsh, LL. D. ; American Chemi¬ Cal. ; Ohio Archaeological and Historical So¬ cal Society, Brooklyn, N. Y., Prof. George F. ciety, Columbus; Georgetown College, West Barker, M. D., Philadelphia; Columbia Col¬ Washington, D. C.; Colorado Scientific So¬ lege, New York, Prof. Charles F. Chandler, ciety, Denver; Elisha Mitchell Scientific So¬ Ph. D. ; American Geographical Society, New ciety, Chapel Hill, N. C.; United States Naval York, Prof. William Libbey; Mathematicali Institute, Annapolis, Md.; United States Society, New York, Prof. Henry B. Fine;j Military Academy, West Point, N. Y,; Oneida County Historical Society, Utica, N. Y., , American Museum of Natural History, New Gen. Charles W. Darling; College] York; University of North Carolina, Chapel of New Jersey, Princeton, N. J., Hill, N. C. Professor William B. Scott, Ph. D. ; Elaborate preparations have been made for Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., President interesting scientific meetings, and for pleas¬ Etnelbert D. Warfield, LL. D., Prof. Francis ant social attentions to the delegates. A. March, LL. D. : Linnean Society, Lan¬ The celebration exercises will begin this caster, Pa., Prof. H. F. Bitner, Millcrsville, evening, and last during the succeedin INTERIOR OF PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.

four days. Tho mornings of these days coveries lii Astronomy, ’ ’ and Prof. George’Fr Will be devoted by the delegates to meet¬ J Barker, of Philadelphia, will give an address ings; the afternoons to entertainments purely Ion “Electricity.” social. The programme is as follows: This In the afternoon, by the invitation of Charles evening, a reception to the delegates II. Cramp, thi members and guests of the so¬ at the rooms of the Philosophical Society, No. ciety will visit Cramps’ shipyard. They Will 104 Sooth Fifth street. President Fraley will be transported thither by the steamer Tench make an address of welcome, and there will Coxe, which will leave the northern side of be responses from the visiting delegates. To- Chestnut street wharf at 3 o'clock. inorrcw morning, at 11, there will be a meet- The Art Club will open its house for the use in the society’s rooms. President Fraley of the delegates and members during (heir will deliver aa~address on the History of the istay, and the rooms of the College of Physi¬ Philadelphia Society, and two of the English cians at Thirteenth and Locust will also be ^delegates, Sir’ Douglas Galton, K. C. B., of open to their use daily from 10 A. M. to G P. the ltoyal Institution of Great Britain, and M. It is hinted, moreover, that there will be ! George Forbes. many private functions given to the visitors. 1 In the afternoon at three the Drcxcl Instt- , •>' Itule will give a reception to the Society and its FORMATION OF THE SOCIETY. V •if; i guests. On Wednesday at eleven President D. C. Gil¬ The Result a Union Between Two Sci¬ man, of Johns Hopkins, will speak on the entific Bodies. j “Present Aspect of Science in America. ’ ’ He FOR THE PUBLIC LEDGER.] will be followed by the Put, Rev. John J. ! The American Philosophical Society Keane, President of the Catholic University, is the result of a unionu of two scientific socie- Washington, pn “Philosophy’s Piace Among ties, which were o;organized in Philadelphia at the Sciences, ’* and by Col. Garrick Mallery, different periods, bApron Club, ’ ’ of the college. On Thursday, at 11 o’clock, Dr. S. A.Green, j of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Bos¬ ton, will read a paper on “Benjamin Frank- 1 lie, Printer, Patriot and Philosopher;” Prof. J. M. Hoppln, D. D., of the New Haven J Colony Historical Society, will speak on ‘ ‘The (Philosophy of Art,” and Rev. Dr. J. G. Mor¬ ris, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. ,oa the “State Historical Societies of the United States. ” At 9 in the evening the Penn (Club will entertain the members and guests of the society at its rooms, No. 720 Locust ] street. j Friday, at 11 o’clock, Captain. Karl Cheva¬ lier Rousseau d’Happoncourt. Imperial and Royal Military and Geographical Institute, I Vienna, will explain certain experiments in the determination of gravity, illustrated by a pendulum apparatus invented, by Lieuten¬ ant Colonel Robert Daublebsky von Sicrneck. Colonel von Sterneck will also speak. Prof. Isaac Roberts, Royal Astronomical Society, London, will read a paper on ‘‘Recent Dis¬

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. m- founded In 1727, which was reorganized in The observatory in the State House 1743, so as to widen its scope of nselulness, the was destined, a fe\y years later, to occup: name being changed to “The American still greater place in our city’s history, as I Philosophical Society.” was from this platform that the Declaration of Franklin, in a letter to Cad walla der Golden, Independence was proclaimed by John Nixon, dated New York, April 5th, 1714, states that! July 8, 1776. the society went into full operation in that It would be supposed that this astronomical year, and had the following original mem¬ enterprise would have been labor and honor bers, viz.: Dr. (Thomas Bond as physician; enough for the first year of the society’s exist¬ John Bartram botanist; Thomas Godfrey, ence. Yet another important work was im- mathematician; Samuel Rhoads, mechani-j cian; William Parsons, geographer; Dr. Phineas Bond, general natural philosopher;! Thomas Hopkfnson, President; William | Coleman, Treasurer, and Benjamin Franklin, | Secretary. Seveial out-of-town members were subsequently added to the list. This society usually met at the Indian Queen, a noted postelrie on the west side of j Fourth street, below Market. The other society was formed about the year 1753, and known as the “American Society, held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. ’ ’ Union of the Societies. In the year 176: efforts were made to unite the two societies and committees appointed j “to concert measures and prepare the way' .for such union. ” On December 20tb, 1768, a ^meeting was held at the State House, and the committees reported that * ‘it was agreed that such union should take place on terms of perfect | leouality. ” Further, that a new name, made1 out of the former names of Both, should be fixed for the uni;ed Society, viz.: “The American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia for promoting useful kno wl¬ edge. ” At the time of the union the former society consisted of 127 members, the latter of BROTHER JABETZ. 78 fellows and 69 corresponding members. The fFI'.OM AN OLD UKAVftNG. | first regular meeting was held at the old col¬ mediately entered upon. It was to find the lege on Fourth street, below Areh, January best place for cutting a canal to connect the! 2d, 1769, when the following officers were! Delaware and Chesapeake, and in this enter-1 chosen: President, Benjamin Franklin,Esq., ! prise no less than fifteen members of the so-: LL. D.; Vice Presidents, Dr. Thomas Cad- ciety volunteered to conduct the surveys and walader, Dr. Thomas Bond and Joseph Gal¬ (levels. loway, Esq. ; Treasurer, Philip Syng; Secre¬ Picturesque Gatherings. taries, Charles Thomson, Rev. Wm. Smith, Immediately after the union of the two or- ! Thomas Mifflin and Rev. John Ewing; Cura¬ ganizations the society entered upon an era of tors, Adam Kunn, Dr. John Morgan and prosperity, enrolling upon its list a member¬ Louis Nichola. j ship which stands without a parallel in the The Transit of Venus. ■ history of American societies, an average The first matter to attract the serious atten¬ which has been maintained unto the present tion of the Society, after the union, was to time. This membership included the states- complete the arrangements to observe the; • scholar, scientist, philosopher and nhll- opist, all banded together for the pro- transit of Venus, on June 3d, 1769, the sue- j § eessful result of Which was to place the Phila-1 >n of the general welfare and the devel- delphia organization in the foremost rank! ■nt of home industries, among the scientific institutions of the world. | )r to the Revolution these meetings must To obtain the proper apparatus, aid was asked formed unique gatherings; there were and received lrom the Assembly, the instru¬ frequently present gentlemen in the gay dress ments being obtained by Franklin, who was of the day, clergymen in their distinguishing then in London. coat and wig, the Quaker in plain drab, the To properly observe the transit and make Moravian brother in sombre brown, and the the calculations by which the dimensions of farmer in humble homespun, ail mingling to¬ the solar system might be determined, to¬ gether in the interest of science. gether with the correct longitude, three obser¬ The flickering candle light, the scientific in¬ vatories were erected, one at Norriton, under struments, the fitful fire on the hearth, the direction of David Rittenhouse and Rev, Wil¬ well-sanded floor, the sp9cimens and charts liam Smith; a second at Cape Henlopen, un¬ scattered around the room, all tended to form der Owen Biddle,! and the third at Philadel¬ a picture woithy an artist’6 brush. phia, under the direction of Rev. John Ewing, The most picturesque character, however, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. The was Brother Jabetz, the cowled Rosicrucian last-named observatory was a circular struc¬ Monk, Prior of the Ephrata cloister, with ture, erected in the State House yard, about 40 flowing beard, sandaled feet, and coarse feet due west from the rear door of the present woollen robe girdled around the waist with a hall. The weather proved fine, the situations hempen cord, who was wont to walk, staffin favorable and the calculations correct. The hand, over 80 miles to attend the meetings. reports when completed were sent to the vari¬ He stands No. 181 on the list, and was elected ous learned societies throughout the world, at the same time with William White, after¬ and, as an old minute states, “proved highly i wards Bishop; Humphrey Marshall, the Ches¬ acceptable to those learned bodies in Europe ter county botanist, and two Moravian brethren from Bethlehem. to whom they had been mmmiinifflteii, ’» j Rev. Peter Miller, or Brother Jabetz, the IP? H'v . successor of Conrad Bc-issel, as leader of the | on ffio east and west side of State House 11 rata Community, was one of the most Square. In the meantime a lot of ground was learned men in the colony, well versed in the purchased next to Rittenhouse’s, on Arch sciences and liberal arts, while in theosophy street, above Seventh. After the grant by the and mystic philosophy he was second to none Legislature of the lot on Fifth street, below in the province. We have, however, no re¬ Chestnut, a botanical garden was started on cord ot any philosophic address made by him the Arch street lot, and four years later was before the society. The only paper of which traded for £525 in carpenter work upon the any record has come is one upon the prosaic new hall. sunject of “a method of preserving peas from the bug. ” The Hall of the Philosophical Society, After the lot was obtained it was with great During the Revolution this German Mystic difficulty that sufficient funds were collected and Philosopher rendered important service to push the building to completion. Mr. to the patriot cause. J t was he who trans- Vaughan prepared the plans and the work lated the Declaration of Independence into was commenced, bat ^ragged along on ac- .seven foreign languages, and on whom de- couutof a scarcity of funds, and it was no? volved the importan t task of translating State un.il November 13th, 1789, that the Society papers and diplomatic correspondence. He were able to meet in their still unfinished | was the trusted agent of Congress and Wash- ; ington. building. Arrangements were made with the LDiversity to lease the whole building, ex¬ Tradition states that he never asked nor re¬ cept the two south rooms on the second floor. ceived a penny for his services. Although he now rests in the old God’s Acre by the road¬ One condition of the lease was that the tenant was to complete the building. side at Ephrata, unknown and almost for¬ gotten, his memory is still kept green upon In 1/91 an attempt was made to finish the the Honor rqll of the American Philosophical i southwest room in a neat manner, as soon as Society. contributions could be raised. Three years Early Places of Meeting. later the building, with the exception of the Shortly after the union, efforts were made to Itwo south rooms on the second floor, was obtain a home for the society, and overtures leased to Charles Willson Peale for a museum |jstudio and dwelling. were made to the Library Company, but with¬ out result. On March 2d, 1770, arrangements j Two interesting events occurred during were made with Rev. Richard Peters, Rector Peals s occupancy in the year 1796. The first was the presentation to the Society, at a reg¬ j of Christ Church, for the use of the church school house on Second street. This was ob¬ ular meeting, of a young son 4 months and' tained at an annual rental of £12. A com¬ 4 days old, being the first child bom in the mittee was at once appointed to provide 1 nilosopmc Hall, and requested the Society candles, firewood, benches and tables, and on would giye him a name, on which the Society April 6th, 1770, the society met in quarters of U£a?1Jxlou®ly a£reed that after the name of the their own. chief founder, and late President of the So¬ , It was at this period that the society took ciety, he should be named “Franklin.” : especial interest in silk culture and its manu- The other event, was the painting of Wash- fiicture. The meetings were held regularly and lngtoa irom nfe by the three Peales, Charles were well attended, many men of worth and ., his brother James and his young son learning being admitted to membership. In Rembrandt; the sittings were made in the the year 1771 a librarian was appointed. ' ,v. northwest room in front of the old fire-place, Owing to the political situation, the first in¬ v. hich is still to be seen. It was on this occa¬ terruption occurred in the regularity of the sion that Lady Washington upon entering meetings. The same is true ot 1775, while in the room made the remark that the General 1776 the annual meeting, on January 5th, was was being Pealed. the only one held, when Dr. Franklin was i th?city made overtures to purchase chosen President. rvV -1 and ground upon which it stands, and a iew years iater arrangements were made wm!emChi?5 i!is,t0rical event ia connection with the old Philosophic Hall on Second street to dispose of the property to the city, at a occuired on July 8th, 1776, when such mem- pi'Ce which would enable the Society to pur¬ bers as were in the city, together with tiie chase the Chinese Museum, then at the north¬ Committee of Inspection,” at 11 o’clock in east corner of Ninth and Sansom streets. A the morning proceeded in procession to the large payment was made by the Society, on a- Masonic Hall, on Lodge alley, where they c-ecount; the referees, however, failing to>- were joined by the Committee of Safety and ‘“a” understanding with the city, their Free Masons. They then marched to the ^ through, and thcfinancial troublesis fctate House yard, where John Nixon, in a o 18. /-42 coming on, the Society was plunged »e clear and distinct voice, read the Declaration into the depths of financial trouble and the of Independence from the observatory erected property and its contents fell into the bauds v by the society seven years before. of the Sheriff. The members, however, made 1 The society did not re-assemble until 1779 a “'“ted effort and saved the institution, when a call was issued for a meeting The which soon recovered from its losses, resumed IH.'T?1'1001 Position and continued to prosper signers were all men identified with the t 'M/ patriot cause. March 19 a meeting was held \\ it Inn a few years past an additional story and Benjamin Franklin, Esq., LL D was as been put on the building and the struc- j chosen President; Vice Presidents,” Dr. ture raaue fireproof throughout. Thomas Bond, David Rittenhouse, Dr. Wil¬ Reference has already been made to the roll liam Shippen; Secretaries, Rev. Dr. William of memoership formed by calling into fellow- ship anyone who, by worth, virtue and spe¬ ISKkSS -*■•> ™‘*“ cial fitness, is calculated to benefit the world In L80 the society was “incorporated,” the by what lie can give to it out of the gifts be- g meeting place changed to Carpenters’ Hall stowed upon him. The list of presiding offi- where 12 councillors were chosen. The March ceis includes Franklin,RiltenUouse, Jefferson, meeting was held at the University subse L istar. Patterson, father and son, Tilghman, quent meetings were held at both places Tn Duponceau, Chapman, Franklin and Alexan¬ 1783 an effort was made to obtain a lot for a der Dallas Bache, John K. Kane, Dr. Geo. F. hall of their own, and a conference was held Wood and the honored Frederick Fraley, the with the Library Company to send a jh!nt ne 2*t •; > present incumbent. tition to the Assembly for two Jots of ground J Philadelphia, institution has nc- eompl.shed within the last century and a half s to be found m the twenty odd volumes of Transactions” and the hundred parts of Vi?, «J r°C.efd'nSS’ ’’"h!ch together form toacon- sicierabic extent the record of America’s sci¬ entific progress. Jr nirs F. Bachse. SESQUI-CESiTENMAL.

CELEBRATION OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. THOMAS JEFFERSON, Till I’..-) PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY.

Opening of the Exercises—Artistic Decora¬ of Madam Emma Seiler, of Philadelphia, tions—Recept ion of the Visiting Dele¬ one of the few women honored with gates—Address by the President—Cele¬ membership by the society. The portrait is, banked wilh racemes of wild flowers brities rreseut. and delicate ferns. Over the mantel to the left of the platform hang oil portraits of the second and third Presidents of the society, The sesqui-centennial celebration of the viz., David Rittenhouse and Thomas Jeffer¬ American Philosophical Society was ushered son. The mantel piece is also one mass of in last evening with a brilliant reception given flowers and ferns. The columns throughout by the Society to the representatives and dele¬ the room are tastefully wound with bunting gates from foreign and home societies, resi¬ of the national colors. dent members and invited guests at the hall The large ball on the north side of the build¬ of the Society, No. lOi South Fifth street. ing, the same where Charles Willson Peale, a I All day long the venerable old buildiDg was century ago had his studio and had sittings a centre of attraction to the passers-by. many from Washington, Jefferson and scores of of Philadelphia’s citizens learning for the other Revolutionary celebrities, and which in first time, from the account, published in late years was given up to books and cabinets | yesterday’s Public Redeer, the history of of aboriginal relics, has for the occasion been j the old institution. The arrival of the various metamorphosed into a banqueting hall. delegates and the presence of so many great The walls, cases and windows have been ar¬ leiders in the scientific world formed a scene tistically festooned with bright yellow bunt¬ 01 activity which has not been witnessed ing, looped up with a garniture of delicate around the corner of Fifth and Chestnut for tracery of smilax, the sameness being relieved many days. at the corners and prominent points with ro¬ Within the hall the presentation of cre¬ settes and cockades In bright-colored silk dentials and the perfecting of preliminaries and bunting, representing the national colors for the celebration kept the committee equally1, of all the various foreign countries repre¬ busy. The latter is composed of the following sented at the celebration, banks of palms and well-known citizens, viz. : rare exotics adding to tbe charm. It is an in¬ J. Sergeant Price, Hon. Richard vaux, teresting fact that all the decorations for this i Daniel G. Brinton, M. D., Wm. V. Keating, occasion have been designed and executed by Frederick Fraley% ex-officio; Henry Phillips, a young lady, a sister of the assistant libra¬ ’ Jr., Chairman. rian. This room is brilliantly illuminated The guests assembled in the South hall, on with wax candles in silver candelabra. I the second floor, where the regular meetings are Tlie personal decorations worn by the as¬ usually held, and which at prasen t contains sembled guests formed an interesting study. the only free public library of reference in the On the floor were to he seen men in the old city east of Tenth street. The hail, with its i scholastic gown mingling with members and wealth of paintings and statuary, was taste-: guests i.fpdn me 'Pi p/fs oT who SC coats were fully decorated with the national colors and bright bits of ribbon, representing the Region of brilliantly illuminated. The eases of hooks Honor and kindred Orders, the colors of the and scientific instruments, together with thej Cincinnati, insignia of the Sons of the Revo-1 historic portraits of former members upon the, iution. the blood red ribbon of the Society of w uls, men who were prominent in our coun-; t he Colonial Wars, the tri-color of tlie Royal try’s development, lormed a fitting back¬ J .egion, as well as the gold and jeweled insignia ground to the assembled company, among of foreign representatives. which were representatives from all parts of I Among the late comers was Professor Mar¬ Europe and America mingling with Phila¬ tin H. Zoy6, of Coopersburg, Rehigh county, delphia’s most honored citizens. one of the four surviving members who was The decorations of the large meeting room present at the centennial anniversary,•'» years are chaste and appropriate. The President’s ligo. Professor Zoyf.in point of membership, chair is placed in the centre of the south wall, is*lic oldest living of the society. He is a opposite the entrance door, immediately un- graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, Jer the celebrated portrait of Franklin, ny of the class of 1811, and for many years he Martin, the portrait and desk being appro- served as professor of chemistry at the Phila- nriatelv draped with the national colors. On ti chilli a High School. His arrival, was de- the mantelpiece,to the right of the President’s in vftfl by an accident on the North Pennsylva- desk hangs a largo oil portrait of Baron Hum¬ m*®,ulroad, at Perkasie, where he had a very boldt who received Ills first diploma irom the M .1 aarrow escape with his life, lost all his. b”"* American Philosophical Society. Beneath the gage in the wreck, and lie was forced to portrait on the mantel is a bas-relief in marbio 69

DAVID RITTENHOUSE, pearTnTlie brilliant assemblage in his travel¬ SECOND I'BESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY. ling clothes. Professor Zoy6 and President extehlTcd to you, and, with these greetings, I Fraley were the only two members present bid you God speed on the events of the week. ’ ’ I who participated at the centennial anniver¬ Mayor Stuart, on t ehalf of the city of Phil¬ sary, in 1S13. adelphia, said: “My good friend, Mr. Fraley, ; As the old, white astronomical clock by has said more to you in a few words than I which David Rittenhouse made his daily ob¬ could say in an hour. In the name of the city servations marked 8.45 o’clock, the meeting ol Philadelphia, which takes so much pride was called to order by the President, Frede¬ in this society, I extend to you a hearty greet¬ rick Fraley, who, notwithstanding his age, is ing, and hope that your stay among us will [remarkably active, and has the distinction of be a pleasant one. ’ ’ ! having reached a greater age than any of the A letter of congratulation from the Faculty i former Presidents of the society. He is now of Letters of the University of Paris was serving his fourteenth term as President, and read by Louis Voisson, the French Consul. Ion Sunday next will celebrate bis S9th birth- There were six copies Qf the letter, one on j day. parchment. They were printed at ihe Na¬ | In his address of welcome, he spoke as fol¬ tional Printing House, and were marvels of lows: typographical art. The following is a trans¬ “United Brethren: It gives me great pleas- lation: ilire to welcome this goodly company, which To the American Philosophical Society, I comes to us from abroad, to the State of Penn¬ Philadelphia—Gentlemen: The University of sylvania, to the city of Philadelphia, and to Paris is happy to greet your society, whicli this ancient edifice in which we are now as¬ lms cultivated with so much success the phil¬ sembled. I consider it the crowning glory of osophical sciences in a country which Europe a long life to be able to look upon such a so often considers as exclusively occupied in gathering. I have been a sojourner upon this industrial and commercial affairs. earth nearly 00 years, and I have looked upon It is fitting that the State which has reck¬ this world for the last 75 years with a full ap¬ oned among its citizens a practical philoso¬ preciation of what it contains and bow much pher like Franklin should firmly bear aloft good there is in the possession of the benefits the standard of philosophy in the United of this world. Among these benefits I States of America. recognize the sciences which have grown. France does not forget that Pennsylvania and this society with the co-opera¬ sent her this great patriot, who lias knit to¬ tion ol the older societies abroad has gether the relations of affection between your occupied a part oi that growth. I hope the young nation and old France, and that it is occasion in which we have just begun to take in the vicinity of Philadelphia that Lafayetfe part will he blessed with a unity of purpose sealed with his own blood, in his first battle, and will be the beginning of friendships which this imperishable triendsbip. will endure for life. The circle of science lias We love also to recall that Franklin not only been extended by what has been derived from secured for his country the sympathies of useful knowledge until it has become more France, but that, by the simple dignity of his and more a blessing to the world at large. It life, by his speeches and by his writing, he would be difficult tor me to pour out the full¬ prepared us for liberty by showing us how a ness of my heart, but I hope that tbisoccasion great nation may govern itself. will be made a memorable one in our society These ineffaceable memoriesa sure you, gen¬ life. When we shall separate at the close of tlemen, of tlie sincerity of the good wishes we the week I trust that there may be a union of entertain for your Society and for the great hearts as well of hands. Our country is so Republic of the United States of America. large, our population so great and our Gkeakd, re ourccs so abundant that everthing stimu- The Rector, President of the General Council. jlates the intellect to increased knowledge. Eknest Laeisse, : While you are here I hope you will acceptand Secretary. I enjoy the hospitality extended to you. I hope The greetings from the University of Prince¬ [you will visit our University, the Girard Col-| ton were handsomely engrossed on parch¬ rlege, Drexcl Institute, the United States Mint, ment. They were read in the original Latin and that busy hive of industry which even by Professor W. B. Scott. The translation is now is bearing evidence of the extension of as follows: \ steam machinery and its application to naval ‘ “Sure it is proper to have in grateful memory purpos s. These opportunities will be ireely We send you our best wishes for prosperity and welfare of your societ The Society of Natural Sciences in Kiel, Dr. G. Kak.ste.n-, C. Reiseboed, L. Weber. The formal greetings over the gathering took on a more informal aspect. After a general handshaking those present adjourned to the north room, where a bountiful colla¬ tion was served. There was no speech-mak ing, simply good fellowship and friendly in¬ tercourse.

E From,

HENRY PHILLIPS, JR., BECEE'IAEY OF THE SOCIETY. those who have illustrated the Tfberai sciences lySESQ with their love, their labor and their honor, and thus to decree the immortality which is due to those who have vivified science; there- F THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL ' fore it has seemed tit to the President and professors of the University of Princeton to SOCIETY. celebrate with you the feast soon to be held at Philadelphia, which commemorates the 1.50th anniversary of the founding of the First Day ’s Session of the Scientific Con¬ American Philosophical Society. Responding gress—President Fraley’s Address—The to your most friendly invitation, we have \ delegated William B. Scott, our Professor of Reception at the Drexel Institute. Geology and Palaeontology, and we have com- j manded him to present you our thanks and i congratulations by word of mouth. ’ ’ The members, delegates and guests of the The congratulatory address from the Uni¬ American Philosophical Society commenced versity of Pennsylvania, which was also in ' to assemble in the old hall yesterday morning Latin, was read by Professor Pepper. It was long before the ancient clocks chimed the hour considerably longer than the others, but it of 11. Greetings were exchanged and new ac¬ extended the same hearty greetings to the quaintances made. The first important event society, referring in eulogistic terms to The of the day was the receipt of a cablegram from deceased members who have made names for Finland, as follows: themselves in the world of science. “Geographic Society of Finland and So- Congratulatory telegrams were received from cielas Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica beg to pre¬ the following societies: The Russian Geo¬ sent their respects and congratulations on this logical Society, the Imperial Society memorable day. Beegorn PAiisiEN. ’’ of Friends of Natural Sciences, Anthropology As the time drew near tor calling the assem¬ and Ethnography, of Moscow; SoeiCte Impe- bled scientists to order, a remarkable group riale Naturalist, of Moscow; the Imperial, was noticeable in one end of the room. In it Russian Mineralogical Society, Petersburg. were President Frederick Fraley-, Rev. W. II. Another testimonial, which was not read, " Furness, D. D., and Prof. Martin II. Boyc, came from the Society of Natural Sciences in three members who had participated in the. Kiel. It was printed in German and encased centennial celebration in 1813. Professor Boye in an oaken frame. The following is a rather claims to be the oldest continuous subscriber free translation: to the Public Ledger, and is proud of hav¬ To the American Philosophical Society, ing taken it for almost half a century. Philadelphia, on its 150th anniversary, May j Another interesting participant was the 22d, 1893:—Congratulations from the Society of Rev. J. Gotlieb Morris, D. D., of Maryland,! the Natural Sciences in Kiel. who, notwithstanding his advanced age, is Although our Society is so far from youj yet strong and vigorous. Mr. Morris has the that we are prevented from sending a delegate, j proud distinction of being the last living child it is not too far for us to send our greetings! of a Revolutionary officer, so far as known. and best wishes across the sea. Your So-1 Professor W. P. Hoffman, of the Ethnological ciety, formed from the Junto of Franklin, i Department of the Smithsonian Institution, celebrates at the same time as one of the old- j was also a centre of attraction. Professor est societies of the Natural Sciences in Ger¬ Iloffman has for some time been specially en¬ many, namely, that of Danzig, its 150th an- J gaged upon the study and interpretation of niversary. Indian pictographs and the investigation of In many rich, volumes these two societies Indian secret orders, and is the only Caueas- have furthered research and have served fori sian who was ever adopted by them as a mem¬ the advancement of useful knowledge for the ber of their Grand Medicine Lodge. Professor good of mankind. Hoffman is also widely known from his pub¬ Numerous societies have since followed your lications of the language and foik-lore of type; you, however,can pride yourselves upon Pennsylvania Germans. having paved the way for our age of natural It was half-past 11 o’clock when the ven sciences. able President, Frederick Fraley, axee: |Ujc platform and seated himself in the identi¬ cal leather-covered chair used by Benjamin j Then there was the phonograph, where the i' lauklin when presiding over the delibera¬ I very tones of voice are engraved upon a cylin¬ tions of the society. der of wax, which may, after long intervals, ; I resident Fraley, without any preliminary be reproduced. 'remarks, called the meeting to order, and | In closing, he slated that the earth was then, in a clear, distinct voice, audible : gradually growing better and wiser. Alen be- 'throughout the room, delivered, without notes j gin to understand more fully the objects for of any kind, his historical address, which which they are created, and the need of being .opened the first session of the Scientific Con¬ gress. helpful to their fellow men, and they aspireto .that higher immortality which is promised to After a short preface the speaker referred to ! the faithful. the great advances made during the past ; Dong and hearty applause followed this |century iu the various departments of the address. Tlie mental vigor of the man, his sciences and arts. Vivid pictures were drawn clear enunciation and delivery excited the I of the great advance made in astronomy wonder and admiration of all who heard by the improvements in lenses and tele¬ him. scopes in contrast with the primitive instru¬ In I he absence of Professors Forbes and ments used by Rittenhouse. He drew a pic¬ jGalton, who were to read papers at this meet¬ ture of how tlie new discoveries opened a ing, Professor Alpheus Hyatt, of Cambridge, world of imagination and knowledge, es¬ Mass., representing the American Academy pecially when aided by photography. Speak¬ of Arts and Sciences, of Boston, read an in¬ ing about, mathematics, Air. Fraley stated teresting paper on ‘ ‘Phylogeny of an Acquired that so great had been the strides made that Characteristic;” his aim being to prove that even planets were discovered by the through the evolution of the group of cepfia- aid of mathematical calculations, and it Ubpods an acquired character became inherited. was his belief that this might yet be fol¬ Professor Herbert Arison Newton, represent¬ lowed by the locating of other planets. ing the Royal Society or Edinburgh,Scotland, ! and perhaps with perfected telesoooes and read an interesting paper on the disruption of photography other worlds like our own mi"lit (Biehle’s comet, which caused a short but hu¬ be brought to our vision, which would prove morous discussion. i to be populated with intelligent beings like After the address the assemblage was called our own, whose development of conditions off from labor to refreshment, could thus be studied. He further expressed j Apropos of the reading on Alonday evening j the thought that in the future there may yet Dt' a Du tin congratulatory address from the | be invented some machine or instrument by University of Pennsylvania, by Provost Pep¬ ;which the gravity of this planet might be per, is recalled the interesting fact, but little °'er°ome, and men may be going on voyages known, that the present hall of the American | of discovery to Venus or other planets. Philosophical Society, at Fifth and Chestnut Chemistry had also undergone great streets, for live years contained the University changes. The discovery of oxygen gas by of Pennsylvania. [1 riestly in the middle of last century proved | On March 11th, 1789, the building being as .the lorerunner of the era which revolution¬ I yet unfinished, an agreement was entered ized the whole science of chemistry. In medi¬ 'into by Dr. James Hutchinson, Air. ICuhl and cine the physiciaus were now able, through General Irvine, committee on the part of the | the advance of science, to save ten where one j University, and Alessrs. Vaughan, Fox and . only could have been saved at the beginning Barton, committee on the part of the Ameri- I of the century. On account of the inability to can Philosophical Society, meeting at the .trace the disease through imperfect knowl¬ University, on Fourth street, by which the edge, disastrous results would follow "rent University proposed to lease the building, ex- operations. Now the physician, in a° iew ! cept the two south rooms on the second floor, |hours or days, learns the affliction of (he , I with free use of the stairs, passages and cel¬ patient and applies remedies cleansing (he lars (not. already occupied by the Silk Fac¬ | fluids of the body, or uses the knife to extir¬ tory), for five years, at an annual rental of 85 pate a tumor or to open throat or body, and pounds, ‘‘the University to provide those by actual inspection opens the whole case for materials which the Philosophic Society have the application of remedies. not. already contracted for—to complete the The advances in geography have been won¬ j building and to make it tenantabie, the same derful; the same is true in regard to meteoro¬ to be allowed for to the trustee! out of the logical conditions and climatic influences rent as it becomes duo; the rent to commence .™le? ,also mentioned the advances as soon as the house is in tenantabie order; made in deciphering the hidden secrels of the | the house to be delivered up, at the expiration ancients, as is instanced from day to day in I o! the lease, in like order as received, reason¬ transiting Egyptian hieroglyphics and the able wear and tear excepted. ’ ’ ffltbyti?aVa" ra m

mon'th U'd thi“k the W°rdS had cscaPed his Joseph Wilcox, the distinguished n 1st and trustee of the Wagner Free Institute, was also in attendance. Mark Wilcox, great-grandfather of Mr. Wilcox, made most ot tli'1 printing paper lor Benjamin 1- ranklin, at the old Ivy Mills, in Chester county. Dan¬ iel C Gilman, President of Johns Hopkins University, and one of the orators of the day, was a conspicuous participant, as was Dr. James MeClurg, of West Chester,i>a. Dr; Mc- (■! u■ s great-grandfather, Dr. James McCiurg, of Richmond, Va,, who was a bosom friend of Madison and a Revolutionary officer, re¬ fused a professorship in the University of Pennsylvania, but accepted membership in the American Philosophical Society, January Sip CENTENNIAL. 21 1771, when the meetings were held in the. Old Christ Church School House, on Second street. Professor William Hyde Appleton, ANNIVERSARY OF THE AMERICAN who fills the Greek chair at Swarthmore Col-i lew and publisher of the Greek poets in] PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. English verse, was probably the youngest, mem her present. Professors. A. Green, ex- Mayor o. Boston, Interesting Discourses by President Gilinan, and one of the Overseers of Harvard Umvcr-I of Johns Hopkins University, anil Ihshop, pitv and representative of the Massachusetts j Historical Society, made friends of all with] Keane, of the Catholic University-Visit | whom he came into contact. to Girard College. Another well-known number present was Ur W S. Ruschenberger, of Philadelphia, well-known in all scientific circles, andI whois The second session of the Scientific Congress the last survivor of the first expedition seal, held yesterday morning m the old hail o out by the United States Government mh.1D, the Phil< sophkal Society. The galhcr.n^ u-uier Commodore Edward P. Kennecio , t like those preceding, tvas remarkaole foi dw negotiate treaties with Cochin China, Siam irtellec-tnality, status and age ot those pie and Japan. sent. Viewed from the rostrum it seemed-as President Frederick Fraley called the meet¬ if there was not a single person present who ing to order. Word was received that the be¬ in the course of human life could he present at lated Austrian war vessel, with the official the bi-centennial celebration ot the soe. y delegates, had passed the Breakwater. 'f?nr years hence. In the group were men The first speaker was Pro.es.soi D. C.Gi who had reached or were verging on four man of Johns Hopkins University, on 'The tcore and ten, many who had passed tin. Present Aspects of Science in America. I scriptural allotment of three score and ten 4PCr presenting the congratulations cl 3 Cad hut few, if any, who were not beyond the Jotns Hopkins University to the Amenean half century mask. , . Philosophical Society', he said that. Asa. The most characteristic head m the gioui, roads led to Rome, so all histoiy leads to if the Hon. Richard Vaux be excepted, was he nrcsent time. ’ ’ He referred to a universal that of Mr. William Sp«hn Baker, the well- science, as • ' there was nonsuch thing as Amer¬ known authority on Washinglonianaand eorn- ican science. ’ ’ He divided his topie into fit c piier oi the Itinerary ot George Washington Si^cnciop, us follows: during the Revolution. Collections of books and specimens. Prominent were Professor William W. 2d'.’ Schools, colleges, universities and edu- Goodwin, of Harvard University, who is one of the best known Greek scholars in America, 'C8d?*Apparatus, including the instruments required in laboratories and observatories. 4th Researches, that is to say, independent investigations in respect to the tacts and lav, s

°fr,tht Publications by which ascertained re¬ sult! are placed in permanent records and made known throughout the world These questions, he said, might he ad dressed: . , 1st, How well equipped are the libraries and museums? „ . . „„ 2d Are the instruments of precision new, accurate, and the best that have been de¬ vised ? I _I 3d. Does the educational system encourage the study' of nature? 4th. Have persons of talent due encourage¬ ment in the prosecution of research? dth. What journals and hooks record tue progress of knowledge? Dr. Gilman took the stand that libraries were a place for research or working rooms as much as any laboratory, and that the great development of libraries had. been within the GENERAL ISAAC J. Vv'ISTAR lrt=t half a century, but mainly within the past decade. The growth of museums was General Isaac J. Wistar, a descendant oft oquallv rapid, and the tendency of organized Ur Caspar Wistar, the fourth President, and effort was to produce a larger body of inves¬ the President and representative o! the tigators. Medical science had taken a lead Academy of Natural Ssienc -s, was present, | in' organized research and had formed Medi- a n d the centre of a host of friends, pr.l Congresses. "»r ■ 75

-:=- --=^=---- -—..A -■-*_____ EXTERIOR PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY’S BUILDING.

i i. a Rowing tribute to the lens oflbe Bight Rev. Bishop John Jl Keane, of the fuo'^ ne aSfteki“Sof scientific iastru- . ltU_a triumph of American hi policy of the Catholic University its promoters had kept their eye upon the grand old Phila¬ Dr. Oilman contended that no war was to delphia institution which was now celebrating be waged between science and religion. its sesqvti centennial. As science is the interpretation of nature it Bishop Keane reviewed the various can have no local restrictions, no national branches of science and their relation to supi emacy, no provincial court of equity orap- philosophy. When both are combined it be¬ pe.il E\ ery new discovery must be brought into comes evident that between science and r,,lation wuh&cumuiated knowledge.' Every philosophy there can be no contradiction. Scientific observation and philosophical Fv,Iv''m ^ ‘?Und relafcd ‘o another117 vn '-rri .i ,flst ™i?:oSnIzed as a part of the thinking may wander far apart, and beget a Jivcrs.il code which will never be eompletelv one-sidedness, which will lead the thinker to icvvnJed before the finite yields to the infi¬ “totter into chaos” and run toextremeism, nite, Hie mortal to immortality. which is sure to lead to a rebound. The idealism of the old philosophers swung to the extreme and led to materialism, which was of the kind that led to agnosticism. All sciences differin detail, but join in harmony. The system of philosophy needed at the present day was one which would avoid ex¬ tremes. It must be well balanced, adaptable and elastic, remembering that facts never con¬ tradict facts. A glowing tribute of respect io Pope Leo XIII closed the discourse. The oration, which was delivered without notes, was listened to w th rapt attention, and so well was it re¬ ceived that the audience failed to note the lateness of the hour. Col. Garrick Mailery, of Washington, who was to read a paper, was detained by sickpesai

From,.

.: - PROF. E. H. HOUSTON

Date, 70-1785. THE PHILOSOPHICAL. SOCIETY, OH SECO THE HAIL OF

-In ™g“helS on hisj

iJSSTf-lS™ OM.n ' • of Crown’ of Tnure . , KrjegS Or- ?aly’f ATustriaerand “Verdiensh Medallie. ” den of Austr.a, ali f line nlusique and ANNIVERSARY OF THE AMERICAN PHILO¬ The Captain is * room he noble mem, and a e « rest of the as- SOPHICAL SOCIETY. were in ordinary ctU-

t^^afte^rd^was^^l

other ^ titles were: uniform.Lieutenant T,hc of‘’ theLL rLine, inL \Vm.w m. Weber,w Officer of DetaUj Lieutci.ant. ^^ j’ulius Lohr; .y^lrmount Paris. Conrad Rittei Emerich Ritter Von Alois Baumann, Emc.ie Hugo Reitgeb; Enu„n *Hansenheim. Hohen M The ^enttlto

American Phi osopUical ^ ® ^ able ehiflce which nebtlesjithm^ addiUonal count Keeper, BeopoldStogermaj ,

intemetC y^terday mornmg *yge arrival

ssrjsssssisass«. srf«p““ l““mr ss sw beGommandabti°re‘ CaptaiCantain ^Rosseau ^ ^ d*delegate Happen- to eourt7 of the coivciiw, professor Sanuel “““• IHs” ^SSSSmSSSmS^^i^ ss:.« ;s Colonel Danblebsky von Steinech.^ the chair-

srb""?s“ JSX. 3 lace “4 lMIgn orfere. At to the assembled S SS“^r^“ scientist.. Pmperial S? Geo- decorated by ^eweled cross, sus- graphical U£ST 5 jKE^ 'tiS^ffmmTpate b’me ribbon; this denoted apology for his unavoidable delay. R - Ct be wTaPcomman4r of the first class 'printer, a patriot or a philosopher. And in many ways he has left behind him theimprint of his mind aud of his work on the activities | of the present day to an extent that is uni ur- |<*Ueleci. _ “His great excellence was his sound under¬ standing and his solid judgment in prudential matters, both in public and private affairs. At a very early period in his life Franklin had acquired a great mastery of language and an excellent style in writing. “After Franklin had become fairly domi¬ ciled in Philadelphia, his chief aim was to make himself useful not only to his fellow- artisans, but to the community at large. The recollection of his own narrow circumstances during his younger days always prompted him to help others similarly placed.” Dr.

However, quickly Interrupted by President" Fraley, with the bright and apt remark “that such good gifts as were borne by him never came too late. ’ ’ Captain] D’Hoppencourt then delivered an Improvised Latin address from the “Kaiser- liche Akademie der "VVissenschaften in Wien,” one of the foremost scientific institu¬ tions of the world, of which the following is a translation : The members of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Sciences in Vienna to the Ameri¬ can Philosophical Society, greeting. How much your predecessors cultivated Philosophy, of which Cicero says that it “is the mother and nurse of all sciences,” is shown by the- fac that, so far back as 150 years ago, Benjamin Franklin in¬ troduced the study, which has since ‘then been continued by you.” Your predecessors recognized that in the do¬ main of science narrow bounds are set to the [pursuit of singles, but a union becomes mighty in gathering and furthering what con- saryofits institution by Benjamin Franklin. icerns the human mind. In this cognition Professor J. M. Hoppin, of Yale University, !has your society arisen, whichnotaloneen- followed with an essay on the “Philosophy of Icouraged the study of philosophy, but of the Art.” natural sciences as well, and by original pub¬ His discourse might be summed np as fol¬ lications, discussions and collections prove lows: First. Art, through having to do with 'your active work. We feel ourselves, there¬ the perceptive faculties and the senses, is fore, called upon to join with you in the cele¬ spiritual in its essence, and has its foundation bration of your 150th anniversary, and con¬ in the inner susceptibility of the soul corres¬ gratulate you and yours upon your grand pro¬ ponding to outer forms. Second. Art is the gressive institution. interpretation of the significance and beauty We are connected with you by the common ofnature. Third. Art finds its laws and prin- bonds of love for knowledge, which has in a j ciples primarily in nature. Fourth. Art in its (-.great measure helped the welfare of humanity. j source is divine. ( Farewell, and keep us in your memory. “The present is a favorable time to discuss Arnett, Pres. art, ’ ’ said the speaker, ‘ ‘while we are having Skjess, Secy. the great exposition in which art holds so con¬ i "Vienna, 3, 5, 1893. spicuous a place. I could not help but think that The regular morning service commenced art will receive a great impulse in our land ■with the introduction of Isaac Roberts, D.Sc., from those buildings which show an origi¬ F. R, S., etc., of the Royal Astronomical So- nality, some creative power, a pregnant sig¬ iciety of England. nificance of something new and of a style ; Dr. Samuel Abbott.Green, of Boston, then more truly American than that of the Middle tread an elaborate paper on ‘ ‘Benjamin Frank- Ages. The philosophy of art is briefly com¬ lllin—Printer, Patriot, Philosopher.” prehended in the term aesthetics. ASsthetics Prof. Green traced the history of Philadel¬ was first used, comparatively recently, In phia's great philosopher through the various Germany, to signify the philosophical (stages from early boyhood, drawing a vivid classification of those mental facul¬ picture of his humble surroundings, liis early ties with which we perceive, and are I struggles in life and his limited advantages of pleasantly affected by the beauty '■ schooling. “Yet, taking him for ail in all, in of the world, and was made to compose the his moral ar.d intellectual proportions, he be¬ whole theory, production and criticism of the came the most symmetrically develoned man world. Yet the word happily emphasizes one that this country has produced. This is true important element of art—feeling, or the no matter whether we consider him ns a sense of delight in the perception of beauty; for art springs Chiefly from the emotions and' introduced. After luncheon i love: just as in the ‘terribleness’ of Michael were taken to the roof of the new Angelo’s nature, averse to delights, there was iug to afford them an idea of the one spring of joy—the love of his ait and; tent of the City ot Brotherly Love. beauty. So, too, after the influences of the] ‘■'n-morrow scientific papers ____ sceptical philosophy of the early part of the eighteenth century, which dried up the emo¬ Events by the Austrian scientists will be the order of the day. tions, the new feeling for the beautilul, opened bv the movement of romantic literature, pio- After the reception of Captain H’Hoppen- dueed such works as Faust and Wallenstem | court and his officers at the rooms oi the Professor Hoppin analyzed briefly the Philadelphia Society the whole party took the themes of aesthetics by the German ideahsts, ears to the Hotel Stratford, where they were He^el, Schelling and Schopenhauei, givin0 driven to the University of Pennsylvania, tho'palmof ingenious consistency to Schopen¬ upon the four-in-hand coaches of Mr. E. Rit- hauer, but of profounder truth to Hegel, as tenhouse Miller and Blr. Edward Browning. laying the basis of aesthetics in the meed tha The party were received in the University Library by Provost Pepper and members of contains the eternal idea of beauty. He then set forth his theory, criticising the common the Faculty and introduced to the old portraits idea of dividing the mind into sections and and shown the alcoves and books, after which neglecting the domain in which lies] they went over to the mechanical building, the creative power of imagination, or where they were shown around by Professor the form making the artistic fae Spangler. They rendezvoused at the main ultv. He thought the artist, while he building, which they hurriedly examined, must possess the power of expression, must and thence took the coaches, a merry party, lay his chief strength in sell-contemplation, off for a drive through Fairmount Park to the the snirit-. r He thought the artist was mainly Country Club house, where horses were a poet producing what nature tells him in changed and the party was driven to Man-! form, line and color as the poet tells us in beim, where they arrived shortly after 5 words, and, though technique and the senses o’clock. come in for art’s sake the higher, spiritual idea of beauty should never be lost sight of, if art is to grow and endure and take its place with the highest works of literature. From,

Date C...Z

Col. Zimmerman’s Address at The Chautauqua, at Mt. Gretna,

A DEFENSE OF THE GERMANS.

An Eloquent Tribute to the Sturdy People Who Have Done So REV. J. G. MORRIS, D. D. Much to Build Up the The most loudly applauded man of the State and Nation. day was the Rev. Jacob Gotlieb Morris,D.D., who was to read a paper on “The State His¬ torical Societies of the United States. ’ ’ After Yesterday was Pennpylvania-German a short salutatory from the Maryland His¬ torical Society congratulating the American Day at the Pennsylvania Chautauqua, at Philosophical Society upon this occasion, Dr. Mt. Gretna, and the entire eastern section Morris announced that he did not intend to read his paper on account of the lateness of of the slate was well represented in t the hour, but would present it for burial in large audience. In the afternoon Tho the forthcoming volume of semi-centennial proceedings. This conclusion on the part of C. Zimmerman, of Reading, delivered the venerable historian was received with interesting address on “The ancestral vi rapturous applause by the assemblage. An adjournment was then taken for lunch, which tues of the Pennsylvania Germans.” was laid in the adjoining room. He first referred to th9 patriotic Here the Austrian visitors were given a taste of the hospitality for which Philadelphia tion cf the early Pennsylvania Ger is noted. For over an hour pleasantries were their virtues of thrift, honesty a exchanged between hosts and visitors, the latter affording considerable amusement in brietv, iove of personal and polii their attempts to give Queen’s English opin¬ erty, their spirit of religious toi ions on the choice viands to which they were respect for the domestic virtues fc 77

most continuously for two centuries the among the places in Maryland settled in best blood of Germany has been coming 1710 by German immigrants from this into the U nited States, and no man can State. During the revolution we had such estimate the influence of this people in men as G6n. Muhlenburg, Gen. Hiester, jdeveloping our resources, and buildiDg up and Christopher Ludwig, commissary in the nation. Washington’s army, ami in more recent Col. Zimmerman devoted himself to re¬ time, such eminent physicians and pro¬ fessors as Dr. Gross and the brothers plying to the detractors of the Pennsyl¬ Leidy, and Wister and Kuhn of the Uni¬ vania Germans, and referring to the lat¬ versity of Pennsylvania, to represent the ter spoke of their t hrift, industry, patience, Americans of German ancestry. honesty and piety—virtues that “make The Germans who came to this country the house a home,'home a heaven, and were the first in America to protest create that patriotism of the soul that against human Blavery; the first to print dares to storm the forts of tyrants, and I the Bible in this country; they issued the win for mankind freedom of thought and J first work on the philosophy of teaching, independence of action.” jGermans were the firBt to manufacture The Pennsylvania German is fully per¬ paper hire; the first to explore, in 1GG9, suaded that it is his first duty to pay his the region west of the Alleghenies; the debts; to provide for his family with first to tread the Boil of the Wyoming anxious toil, rather than leave them [valley; the first to make a map of Mary¬ penniless at his death. He has ever been land; the first interpreters between the conspicuous for bis quiet demeanor and white men and tho Indians. They were I while other nationalities have been claim- the first piano makers, chemists, tanners, 'ing the earth he has been satisfied, as glass blowers and makers of furniture. A some one expressed it, “to have the title German started the first iron works and deeds Btored away in his safe.” But he powder mills in Virginia. The father of is gradually coming to the front—in the the liberty cf the preES in this country army, the navy, in Congress, in our legis¬ was a German. Germans have taken an lative halls, in judiciary departments, as active part in the great national conflicts, also in literature, theology and phil¬ osophy. 400,000 alone taking part in the late Re¬ bellion. For a number of years in succession Let us, therefore, strive to perpetuate the sons of Pennsylvania Germans have tho memory of our forefathers. The pro¬ led the graduating classes in many of the ject to erect a monument in honor of Con¬ leading institutions of learning, and only rad Weiser—now being discussed in recently one of them graduated at the Berks county—is a step in the right di¬ head of his class at West Point military rection and should be encouraged. academy, with another of the same race a During tho day Dr. Starr, of Chicago, close second, while at another of the large delivered lectures on “ Race Characteris¬ colleges a Pennsylvania German boy tics of the Pennsylvania German,” and carried ofl’ a $400 money prize for pro¬ “ Men and Things at the World’s Fair,” ficiency in learning. Only a month ago and there was a piano recital by Dr. occurred the death of a Pennsylvania Crozier, of Harrisburg, assisted by Mrs. German, Dr. Chas. Rudy, a most remark¬ Charles Hoffmeier, of this city, in vocal able man, who was founder and president of the International Institute, in the city of Paris—a school that attracted students from all over the world; that had 150 professors, and that had the patronage of counts and princes, of priests and pre¬ lates—among them the Prince of Wales and Pere Hyacinthe. The newly-elected superintendent of the public schools of Pennsylvania is one of the same stock. The deputy superin¬ tendent, who has been occupying a prom¬ Date, A(J=JL inent position aB one of the foremost educators of the State, is a Pennsylvania 7 7 German. So were a number of the best governors of the State—Snyder, Ritner, Shultz, Wolf, Shunk, Bigler, Hart- ranfc, and Beaver. So was David Rittenhou6e, Pennsylvania’s illustrious astronomer, who discovered the compen¬ sative pendulum and make an orrery for Princeton college much superior to any¬ George Alfred Townsend Dis¬ thing before attempted, and who was a member of all the learned societies in cusses Pennsylvania. m < this country and Europe. Bsrbara Fritchie, immortalized by Whittier, was > undoubtedly of Pennsylvania German jBtock, “Predericktown” having been ANALYSIS OF ITS PROGRESS. aware. It contained so much of me Most Homogeneous arid Well that a long contest ensued between Penn the Barons of Baltimore to mark the line Knit of All the States. tween Penn’s land and Calvert’s land. It is generally overlooked that William ;Penn was half Dutch; his father, a sailor HAS EVER BEEN DEMOCRATIC. married Margaret Jasper of Rotterdam, and the tranquility and voluptiousness of Penn might be traced to that motherhood. Penn would have been a graduate of Oxford, but Aristocracy Has Had but Little Place in the he was expelled for attacking Catholics or Big Commonwealth and It Has Had their imitators among the students. And he Few Great Leaders. had a good run of the continent, but as re¬ ligion was the tipple of Englishmen of that Cape May, July 29. day he must needs joiu the Quakers, and I ERE is a small, fight the police, and write books in the vein comparatively de¬ of George Eox, and finally he reached the illustrious notoriety for that day of going to cayed watering itheTower of1 London for nine months at the age place, with some of 24. His father discerned a good business few vestiges of man under this religious roustabout, and gave a former social him his estates to manage and left him $7.5°°! importance. The a year, probably equivalent to thirty capes of the Del¬ thousand dollars at present. His attachment aware, some nine to the Ouakers gamed him ready-made col miles wide, for a onists ofa valuable class, for the Quakers were strong both in the meetamcal frades good while held and in agriculture. Previously they had the attention of been emigrating to America, like sheep with¬ the maritime out a shepherd, and settling in Rhode Island, world, or after threatening to settle in Massachusetts, over flowing Maryland, and appearing m stout Penn became numbers in Long Island and eEewhere possessor of the among the Dutch. Penn found miners among empire of the the Welsh Quakers, picked 700 mechanics out of Sussex, and brought millwrights, ship¬ •Dutch. We have a great deal to say about cap¬ wrights and all sort of smiths and carpenters turing Canada and buying Louisiana and con¬ to his colonly, which he soon demonstrated quering Florida, and, between covetousness I to be the richest in the country and with the best general climate. and force, taking charge of Mexico, but the We therefore, see to-day Pennsylvania conquest of Dutch America was the most im¬ with thirty Representatives in Congress, only portant of all our conquests, and it was a four less than the State of New York, and part of the fate of Holland, which replenished three more than the entire States of New herself in the East Indies, and still has more England. Pennsylvania confronts us with a population of more than five millions and a than twenty millions of dusky subjects who half’ if vou take the city of Brooklyn out of raise coffee for her and tobacco. Even there the population of New York State, Pennsyl¬ the English have followed the Dutch, have vania will surpass New York in population maneuvered against them with the natives, If you double the population of Pittsburg and its suburbs, Pennsylvania will pass New , and yet they owe to Dutch example their York in population. . , „ liberty, their church and their colonizing. Yet, in 1790, just one hundred years before Pennsylvania has not much else beyond the present apportionment, Pennsylvania had William Penn; I doubt if he is a beloved one less representative than Massachusetts, and New England had twenty-nine repre¬ quantity in his province, but he was the best sentatives to Pennsylvania’s thirteen. merchant among the founders of our State. PENNSYLVANIA’S PROGRESS. The sect he joined was suggestive of his Without any special intellectuality, rather j thrift. It did not like to pay taxes and it deficient both in public leaders and in spirited hated war; it rejected fine clothing, did not following, Pennsylvania by her compactness, pay its clergy and had less animosity to the her complementary relations of industries Catholics than to the Puritans or Liturgists. and markets, probably constitutes the most; Through the uninterestingness of the Middle' States historians our young people hardly) grasp the fact of the Dutch conquest to the present day. The Dutch commenced' the Connecticut men and g” d West-: almost ' as early as the Puritans, stretched their forts and trading posts from the mouth of the Connecticut to Vir¬ ginia, or within a very short distance of Cape prosp, for a moderate in j knowl- upon the actualities of science Charles. When Grover Cleveland went fish¬ edge has become the law of the age_ 1 ing recently in Eastern Virginia he passed tenaiism is the over the Dutch empire, his ancestors having vania, as you will find 7 . - js without come from Connecticut, and he catching fish daily life. Her general population « ■^ in the land of Acomac. Within this empire idleness and lives wel . numer- that State ; the towns are sufficient y ^ Js lay New York City, Albany, New Haven, Long Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Del¬ Stsed in the commonwealth, ’file people (abounding fin Philadelphia; the Lowland have never enjoyed, and probably do not de¬ Scotch and North Irish, wool and metal sire, a high idealism in their political lead¬ workers; the Welsh, renowned in mines and ers. The breath of William Penn seems to forges—all joined to make Pennsylvania have been breathed into the nostrils of the I another Britain. Her political leaders for a State, and physics have conquered fanaticism. long time, like the Dallases, were of direct The Pennsylvanians cannot be said to be ! British antecedents. Jan emigrant population; they seldom migrate Though Republican on war questions [except for a specific object, such as to make rather than upon the main idea of slavery, ;iron cheaper at a known point outside of Pennsylvania is the most truly democratic their State. State in the Union. Albert Gallatin, a Swiss, Perhaps no population in the Union is less ! who boasted of aristocratic origin, became so affected by the moralistic, idealistic and imbued with the Pennsylvania feeling that chivalristic societies than Pennsylvania. when he paid a visit to New York State he Here and there a Huguenot like Benezet, a recorded his satisfaction that Pennsylvania I French Republican like Stephen Girard or a had no one important family in it, while New Englander like Thaddeus Stevens or New York had its manors and patrons and David Wilmot, or even a German derived be¬ regnant country aristocracy, its Livingstons, ing like James Lick, will perform something [Van Rensselaers, etc. idealistic, but from a very early day the State The tendency of New England, through has pulled down its high flyers, the best of the predominant influence of its clergymen, whom was probably Thomas McKean, Gov¬ I was unconsciously toward aristocratic condi¬ ernor and Chief Justice, and Don Quixote; tions until the populace, watered from other but she continually raises into high places sources, revolted against the congregations grubbing materialists and half preachers, of in the time of Governor Eustis, and later on, (whom Pattison, Cameron, Quay, Snider, until finally Boston itself has become the t Shunk and Schultz are instances. New Dublin of the Empire. Pennsylvania | Nevertheless, the ideal portions of the has a remarkable proportion of native ,'United States would have lost in the conflict mechanics, and Cramp the shipbuilder told for the ascendancy of their principles but me some time ago that the great body of his jfor a certain leaven in Pennsylvania which workmen were not only born on the soil, Jhas espoused the better sides. This State but of American mechanical progenitors, as has on the whole been the controlling force he was himself. for a good while past in our politics and In like manner Mr. O’Neil, publisher of the policy. As long as it was a Democratic State ] Pittsburg Dispatch, told me some time ago it was almost hopeless for the Whigs to pre¬ as we were walking through Pittsburg that vail. The Democrats had finally to espouse the iron men there did not much relish Mr. Pennsylvania principles, i including protec¬ Carnegie’s giving of libraries and setting him¬ tion, in order to continue their ascendancy. self up as a munificent patron of learning. In the civil war Pennsylvania was the inter¬ “It is contrary to the Pittsburg anteced¬ posing wall between New England and the ents,’’said my guide. “They do not like a West and the South, and the war has been man out here who does things out of the long remembered there, and therefore a cer¬ common.” tain stability in the results of the war have Relieved on the one side from haunting been due to Pennsylvania. moralisms and the care of one’s brother, and While the New England population ofj on the other from a monetary aristocracy, Pennsylvania is not large it is well repre¬ Pennsylvania finds compensations for the sented in the State, and whenever you find want of style in the healthy appetite and con¬ a merchant or manufacturer endowing some¬ geniality of her wives and daughters. I have thing you may suspect that he had a New said previously, and repeat, that in her like¬ England parentage. At the same time Penn¬ ness to old England, with a slight German sylvania has a potent power to disillusionize amelioration, Pennsylvania holds her course her New Englanders. All that element, like another Britain, with diversified indus- which is considerable, settled on the ; tries, physical activity, ueighborliness and northern waters of the Susquehanna, has common sense. She has yet a great deal of lost its Connecticut authenticity and has new land, and portions of the State are com¬ fallen into the likeness of William Penn. paratively inaccessible, yet every portion Perhaps no State in the Union assimilates finds something to do, and forms a link in a Englishmen as well as Pennsylvania. New chain of industries unending. England took its name from a resemblance George Alfred Townsend. between its physical features and old Eng- iland, but the mental features of England are I HISTORICAL COLUMN; better produced in Pennsylvania. The same envy of competitors in trade, the same trading avarice and flexibility of scruples if The Painted Post. Its Origin. The Truth they effect a desired result, mark Pennsyl¬ of History, vania as England. PENNSYLVANIA USUALLY RIGHT. Pennsylvania, like England, has much to A movement is on foot at Painted Post sell to the outer empires and colonies, and through her railroad influence might almost to raise a sufficient sum of money to be called the monarch of the inland seas. erect a monument at the “Four Cor¬ What the merchant marine is to England the ners, ’’Painted Post, to take the plaob of Pennsylvania Railroad has been for the past forty years to Pennsylvania. It may also be the painted post which has stood at the said that on general questions the public comer for many years and from which opinion of Pennsylvania is correct. The influence of Pennsylvania in our the place derived its name. The legend modern politics was to throw out both Mar¬ is that an indian was killed at that point tin Van Buren and Henry Clay and retain Andrew Jackson and the British idea of ma¬ ! and the post which was erected over his terial victories in our trade, colonies and em¬ remains was painted with his blood.— pire. No State in the Union had more British elements recently immigrated from the old Prattsburgh News. countries and animated by British pugnacity. It seems strange but no less the truth The Lancashire and Yorkshire spinners, that the human family more readily » give credit to a fiction than a fact. The killed, which was twenty-eight,n „ .. more ridiculously unreasonable the story ted by a cross on the post in black paint the more likely to be credited and be¬ without any heads, but those he took lieved. This is evident from the fact prisoners, which was thirty, were repre¬ that the community persist in believing sented in black paint as the others, but I that the famous Painted Post was ereet-i with heads on. This post he erected and ed as a memorial, some say to Captain thus handed down to posterity an ac¬ Rowland Montour, said to have been count that here a battle was fought, but] wounded at Freelands Fort, on the West by whom and who the sufferers were is Branch, July 29th, 1789, others to Capt. covered with darkness, except that itj John Montour, said to have been woun ■ was between the whites and Indians.” ded at the battle Newtown, August 31st,: Brant was at the battle of Newtown! the same year and reported to have died! and well accquainted with both of the there. It would seem hardly possible' Montours and would have informed his that so Improbable a story should be friend Harper if this post had been erect¬ credited for a moment when it is known ed over their graves. If it had been a that Indians never erect any monument recent erection it would have been ap¬ to mark the burial place of a dead war¬ parent to such woods- men as Harper and rior, for the simple reason that the cus¬ Patchin, the first white men to see or ■ tom is to burry with them all personal I make note of it. And then what is the belongings for use in the spirit world, significance of the figures upon it ? We therefore the burial place is carefully have not the slightest evidence that concealed lest the first comer should ap¬ Rowland Montour was even wounded , propriate the valuable deposits at hand. I at Freelands Fort and all the evidence ,/ They sometimes erect what is known asi | we have of the wounding of Capt. John the war post to indicate a locality where ! Montour at Newtown we find in a letter a victory has been achieved or an impor¬ dated Niagara Sept. 12th 1779, written tant treaty held. |by a British officer to Capt. Pollard, On the 8th of April 1780, about 7 1 announcing that Capt. John Montour j months after the battle of Newtown, was so far recovered from hi3 wound as Brant, the Mohawk who was educated !to be able to head a party of Indians: at the Lebanon mission* school, a ] against Sulivans pickets. We have be- j good English scholar and well versed in fore us the narative of Benjamin Gilbert: the history of the six nations, made a » published in 1785 in winch he states raid upon the North branch of the Sus¬ that he was captured with his whole j quehanna and captured Col. Harper and family on the Lehigh, March 25th I780j | Capt. Patchin, with others and macshed 7 by Capt. Rowdand Montour and Capt. I them by way of the Chemung branch to John Montour and carried to Niagaraj ‘Niagara. Brant and Harper had long •and thence to Montreal. He was a been personal friends, having been school Quaker, an inteligent and credible man| fellows at Lebanon. Some years afterj and his narative is regarded by all his¬ ft their release. Patchin, who became aj torians as entirely reliable. qn-ominent citizen'of the state published On the 4th day of July 1793 there was' a harative of his capture. The follow¬ a grand celebration at the Painted Post. ing is copied verbatim:— There were many speeches and toasts “Near this {the camping place) we |drank. We copy only the 15th and last; found the famous Painted Post, which toat which is as follows:— is known all over the continent, to those “As the Painted Post was erected to' conversant with the early history of our commemorate an important event among; ) country the origin of which was as fol¬ the natives of the country so may it re-J lows:—Whether it was in the Revolu¬ main a monument of the first civic festi¬ tion or in the Dunmore battles with the} val on the head waters of the Tiogaj Indians, which commenced in Virginia! sacred to the brilliant era of indepen- or in the French war I do not know; dance.” an indian chief had been victorious What stronger evidence can be found j in battle, killing and taking prisoners to to contradict the foolish story that it the number of about sixty. This event was erected to the memory of John or he celebrated by causing a tree to be Rowland Montour. taken from the forest and hewed four Men living in the vicinity fourteen square, painted red, and the number he years after the battle of Freelands Fort r 81

[dr the Hogsback ought to know more kin were buried and the site of Free¬ , about the matter than those born years land’s Fort. He promptly signified his later, however learned they may be. willingness to serve me. The seat of We have the most 'positive testimony justice was closed for the day. In a that neither Rowland or John Montour trice we were seated in a buggy behind were dead in April 1780, when Harper a well-groomed steed, staid and gentle and Patcliin saw the Painted Post. [enough for an antiquary. The day was fresh and charming and he seemed really reminTscInces. to enjoy the occasion with his ears con¬ stantly moving to and fro to catch every word of the garrulous old timers behind The West Branch of the Susquehanna. Freelands Fort. The Attack Upon it in him. He bowled us merrily over the 1779. A Desperate Charge. rolling and winding road with all the elasticity of colt-hood and brought up at Watsontown, Pa., July 6th, 1893:— the hostelry on our return after a four Having made an inspection of the fa¬ hours ride as fresh as at starting. We mous battlefield at Gettysburg, Pa., itook a north-east course making occa¬ extending for miles, marked every¬ sional detours to visit some interesting where by thousands of costly and beau¬ locality. tiful monuments of bronze, granite and The country was rolling, but fertile marble, costing millions, indicating the and well cultivated. The fields of wheat place where each regiment, division and now ready for the reaper as well as the I corps, held its position in that mem- growing corn were as fine as I had any¬ ! orable fight and listened with intense in¬ where seen yet; for more than a century terest to the stirring naratives of the sur¬ these lands had been annually cropped. vivors, of the heroic deeds there achiev¬ After a two hours drive by a private ed, I was impelled with a strong desire road we reached a large brick farm to visit a humbler battle-field of the house, some what ancient, standing j revolutionary war in this secluded region upon an elevation commanding the nar¬ I scarcely noticed in history—which wit¬ row valley of Warrior Run, and now nessed deeds of oaring more desperate occupying th9 site of Old Fort Freeland. and bloody than Pickets famous charge The view presented by the winding i or even that of the Spartan band at stream and green meadows is delightful Themopylae. Previous to the Revolution Jacob Free¬ The thrilling story of the encounter land with a party from New Jersey made 'on that field was told to me nearly 70 here a settlement. He built a large two years ago by Benjamin Patterson, the story log house, and for protection had ! famous hunter and scout, au actor in surrounded it with a strong stockade of land survivor of the terrible fray, and timbers enclosing about half an acre, so stirred my youthful blood that it was in which was a charming spring bubbling 'imprinted upon my memory as with the from beneath a large boulder. A single point of a diamond. I knew that it was gate formed the entrance. A full descrip¬ located some where on Warrior Run, tion will be found in Megiunis’ History in a rural and sparsely settled neighbor¬ of the W est Branch and the Pennsylvania hood and had some doubts about my Archives. Warning had been given by ability to find the spot without an intelli- a scout who had detected the approach r) gent guide. At Sunbury I was advised of McDonald’with a large force of Indians that R. H. McCormick, Esq., a magis- and Tories from the Genesee, (some say ! trate of this borough, a man well versed 300) to plunder and lay waste the settle¬ in local lore, could probably aid me in ments on the West Branch. Most of my design. Immediately upon my ar¬ [the settlers took warning and fled to Fort rival here I sought his office and found it Augusta. The Freelands felt secure, fortunately cleared of wrangling litigants [although the garrison consisted of only j and his honor taking his mid-day siesta twenty-one effective men. There were! upon his bench, with his head snugly with them many women and children. ’ pillowed on his judgment docket. I On the morning of July 23th 1773, some gave the slogan of the clan and we clasped ■say the 28th, McDonald with hissavages hands at once. I made known to him uttering terrible yells advanced to the my wishes to visit the old Warrior Run attack under cover of trees and bushes, church yard where some of my kith and opened a furious fire upon the stockade. HL w

little garrison tance and fired ^5, °Ut resis failing rushed into'a clump of «nm Rowing from the stump of a % merciless foe but *?th little\ff2T 5® ■^or3r captain saw th^it h ■ i tree, completely concealing hii while chewed & 4^ t^ eVr tte at, WK ° W“ Ver5' fl“l rf f°»t drew coiue from below; so t,lr 1 tG| the attention of the pursuers who saw T sparing tie lives of tbp w pretence <* fence in front that he must needs If over, and thought while climbing it their aim would be more certain, but he cleared it at a bound an(1 the dea baj j

- *25?-d the fence under him and he escaped. ^ ^L‘zz7 rtk:™rl mCs^^c^rcf^r cZYioo hahdhtbe bloody scalP ^f m,d the Fort was eVac^ed Jr"”™" ^bherecogninedp/ehcl 11 o’clock an1,Q Te l Itwasnow edbisriaetoaTengeU™^pois a sumptuous feast SomtheZYZf i and were in high giee 1 es takeu

nre to Inttle purpose. He was discovered in his place of conceXnf K>'=. three ,mles »taS‘'rt™ M"‘Uj though parties searched the ^ i ’ aD Scotch-Irishmen, the bestir1"' material in the world 1,-J1 meant and 32, some savW T What “

Mil Of Captain Hawkins

Meagered^Fo^'-Vk thtr®H? of the

pSESJFCZB«T°a-^ ll- the south bank of fi f the woods 011 GilienZ;^ cite ihiS:'"6'1 *H Bra and saw from thri Undiscovered j at their feast and at o C°?r ^ Sava-es at1 g; f * rarely fight excenri-mu I llans> who | the s,uPrt™rsbUtD°mm'“nisma,ie 01 ly retreated or fell ' sjrr^tfK? the woods immediately in J^® centertoi formed a half circle* * Boo*^ ^ &nd' whSsrirB s>m b":4 rushed from ft, Boons men at once Robert Patterson and S H would seem as if +u °yxe- ft “■« bridge towardtofort T t'*'’’* »ow in flames and £ ™ b^es might be rl^d^^’H come of the prisoners. Jib,!' , ’ “ this Irorougii^^erect a°pit'le dSMS ot £ta^%rtarna‘hrew°»' bandand Srr'*"=:f his error and ordered ll ' Boon saw %b* with the trneTte°tf0ftta the line manv hair- * men to break

look out for themsefeeVeTheyallen’1aildl dash and many succeeded^ 6 a f«bfasti:Sne,^ttel*r‘ the woods the t f d 1D reaching| covering tiie source of tit ” * ■ b wlder Sixteen were killed^T m pm'suit- BoonandeSu^mC^g ^ of the company each fen i iemainde good his escape. ” hlmself IQa(i' memory of the departed heroes ** a.J! Patterson who only had a , fbe wSSr"8 *° 4,18 01(1 -• of earlock cut off by a rifle h „ USeless vvainor Run church, where -;faX pursued by^partyjfe togethe^otly I S“~r #££ habitation on'S^fri'^.,8^ fbe.oodrBe!,jaLyin^Sh‘hrS to Williamsport. from M,iu>“

OLD TI31LR. M ?°d. members of the lauflTy," in/imvc-i with the proverbial Quakerintegritvi 'd From, Ipreseverance, have always walked upon ..■t-be )ngh Planesot Philadelphia commerce a31tf t'nauce. Through trained by »&,. |caM°n and culture for literary pun aits, ■zua,.\..(3a**, ,and possessing the true literary insanct m Captain Mcllvaine," upon leaving, theiB army, engaged for a time in manitaic- unng business m Philadelphia. In lksi Date, a. hovrever, he withdrew from this uncon-’j | genial occupation and gave himself en- j tirely to literature. CAPr. JriLjiAlAE^ S0X6. lew of his favorite books, a I A Peuiisylranl^ B big farU-m U! 11?gr do*s’)lis *«» and fish¬ Soldier Wins Honors ing tackle, he journeyed to the moun- ‘‘ " **** Patriotic illiise.—"Tile Flag thensirl’eI II. III. IV. „ ,'SP ^ “-ginia, built a hut upon the side of we raging Kanawaha, and for of tile Land and tile Free.’"_A Kit- . two yeais 1 wed the life of an artistic her ting Companion to tlie "Red, mit studying the character and legends ’ YVIrlte and Blue.*’ ot the people, whom he found to be yet in The pioneer stage, but withal very h?,nnm The New Orleans Picayune of July 23,1 ianct interesting. TEelr dialect, the most ■ ’93, contains the following honorable and ; peculiar in use by any American folk of interesting mention of one of Pennsyl- $ ■ Anglo-Saxon stock, he mastered per¬ I vania’s sous, which will awaken a re¬ fectly, and their legends and traditions he : found to be virile, yet teeming with true * sponsive chord in theheartsof his friends poetic sentiment. land all who read his patriotic production: Returning to Philadelphia, he reproduc¬ I THE NEW PATRIOTIC SONG AND ITS AU¬ ed these folk-stories clothed in West Vir¬ ginia dialect, and signed with the nom de THOR. plume “Tobe Hodge.” They were so “The Flag of the Land and the Free” forceful, yet so pure and so thoroughly was first sung as a feature of the Fourth J American, that they came to be looked . of July celebration this year at Haddon- for with eagerness, and the pages ot the fieid, N. J., the home of its author, Cap- Q magazines were at once opened to the tian Charles Mcllvaine, and the senti¬ new candidate. IVhat Bret Harte had ment and rythym of its lines and the been to the rough,' brave miner of the spirited air to which it has been set by Pacific slope, Captain Mcllvaine proved , Park'd A'. Hogan have together captured to be to the humble, but equallv brave, , Itiie >poi tlai Skeart. It has been caug' .t sturdy mountaineer of West Virginia. UP \ ith exertional rapidity and is the He exhibited the happy faculty ot relat¬ song of the ^,\y in the Eastern and Mid- ing without incongruity the humors of dle^ yTestern y.ates, and, as its charming a crude existence together with the ten¬ wort,3 are so free from sectionalism, it der pathos ot true hearts. In readinv his bichi fair To become the new national song. Enoch Utt’s Grass Widow” one laugh’s i , wArds are: * • w** j ( through tears, while, despite its malodor- ' ous title, his “Legend ot Pole-Cat Hol- ‘ »ail! the merry, merry stripes and stars ™ lo\v is as touching a prose poem as is to i Dancing on the wind in glee, be found m modern fiction. Freedom above, freedom below, His fancy is light and free and his pen Flag of the land and free. facute. His short poems and sketches re¬ Chorus : cently contributed to the paces of St. ' Hail! to the stripes and stars; hurrah! Nicholas are marked by delicacy of color Hail to the colors three! aDd accuracy of touch. Red for strength, w’hite for peace, He is the twenty-first and last ad- : Blue for the true and the free. mitted member of the literary “syndi- i cate, ’ composed of Thomas Nelson Page II. Julian Hawthorne, Dr. W. P. Hutchin¬ Hail! the merry, merry stripes and stars, son, Jos. P. Reed, Gen. Merrill, Frank Waving to our land as one, Stockton, Ruuyard Kipling, eix, and I Union in strength, union in love; constituting a sort of close corporation of Flag of the ice and sun, authors. III. Captain Mcllvaine is now' fifty-three years ot age, but looks and works like a ■ Hail! the merry, merry stripes and stars, much younger man. His homeisabeau- Flying as a bird set free— ,, titul villa at the pretty town of Haddon- 'Where goes the earth, where goes. ' ° neld. within an hour’s ride to New I,,, k wave; itiw or 1 hila lelphi i, where he lightens his) Flag of land and sea. literary labors by monthly musicales, IV. which are attended by representatives of Hail! the merry, merry stripes and stS the fiterary and musical talent of the Never will we yield one part. A^o c;ties> "’ith whom he enjoys the most Long live the stars, long live the ba*i affectionate popularity. He is intensely Flag of the nation’s heart. American, his love of country is laterally a passion, and, though familiar with the Captain Charles Mcllvaine, the wri___ old world by study and travel, his pen i of this happy chant, is the St-ion of a dis¬ finds no acceptable theme beyond the tinguished Quaker family in Pennsyl¬ land of the stars and bar vania, who settled under the regime' ot the Penns in the. beautiful county o' ^Chester, among the Welsh hills. His im¬ mediate ancestor represented the Com- when he, too. started West, sb Indiana, Missouri and Illinois, whence he went into the army as a private, coming out in 1865 a lieutenant to prac¬ tice law five years at Clarksville, Tenn.; going to Kansas in 1870. The next Senator is really a great Senator, Charles F. Manderson, of Oma¬ ha., Neb.; thrice elected Senator as a Republican and President pro tempore of the Senate from April, 1891, until last March. As everybody knows, he was born in Philadelphia, February 9, 1837, and educated in her public schools, removing to Canton, O., in 1856, where he studied and practiced law un¬ til he went into the army, to come out in April, 1865, severely wounded and breveted a brigadier general of volun¬ teers, going back to Canton, to be twice Pennsylvania Has 52 Representatives elected District Attorney, until 1869, when he went to Omaha, where he has in Congress. since most successfully practiced law and managed a bank. The fourth Senator is John H. Mit¬ chell. of Portland, Ore., who was born SIX SENATORS IN THE NUMBER in Washington County, Pennsylvania,; June 22, 1835, received a public school; education, and the instruction of a pri-' Massachusetts and Missouri Each vate tutor, studied and practiced law and then went West, first to California: Send Two Members and Ten and finally, in I860, to Portland, Ore. FIFTEEN NATIVE CONGRESSMEN. Other States and Oklahoma The 15 Representatives are scattered Territory Send One Each. all over the Uuion, the first in the order of States being one of the foremost, candidates for the title “Apollo of the Washington, D. C., Aug;. 10. House,” Allan Cathcart Durborow, Jr., Pennsylvania is represented in this of Chicago, who as chairman of the Congress by four Senators, 15 Represen¬ Columbian Exposition Committee of the tatives and one delegate, besides Sena¬ House, did so much for the World’s tor Quay and Senator Cameron, the two Fair in the last Congress. He was born in Philadelphia November 10, 1857, and Representatives at large and the 28 Representatives from districts whose started; West at the age of 5, with his parents, stopping on his way to Chi¬ names appear regularly under the head cago over 15 years in Indiana. of “Pennsylvania” in the Congressional Indiana sends a Pennsylvanian—Au¬ Directory. In view of the possibility gustus N. Martin, of Bluffton, who was that the voids of these other Pennsyl¬ born at Whitestown, Butler County,Pa., vanians in the Senate and the House | on the farm of his father, John Martin, may be needed to keep the Mint in March 23, 1847, was educated in the Philadelphia and for other purposes I common schools and at Witherspoon In¬ thought I would give you their names, i stitute, Butler, Pa., graduating after First of the four Senators in the order the war (during which he served first of dates is George L. Shoup, of Salmon} in the Fifty-eighth and then in the City, Idaho, who was born in Kittan-j Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Volun¬ ning, Armstrong County, Pa., June 15, teers) at Eastman College, Poughkeep¬ 1836; was educated in the public sie, N. Y. He left his home for the schools of Freeport and Slate Lick, and West in 1868, stopping In Ohio on his started West with his father in June,; way to Indiana, teaching school, work¬ 1852; stopped first in Illinois, then in ing- on farms and railroads until he Colorado, then, after serving in the read law, which he has since practiced. war, moved to Montana in 1S66, and From the Fourth district of Iowa the same year finally settled at Salmon; comes Thomas Updegraff, who was City, Idaho, where be has since been born in Tioga County, Pa., April 3, engaged in mining, stock raising and 1834, going West shortly after, event¬ yther business. Senator Shoup is a Re¬ ually to practice law in McGregor, la. publican, and is usually called Governor, Kansas not only sends a Pennsylva¬ Decause he is a handsome man and was nian to the Senate, but also one to the 5-overnor of both Idaho as a Territory House—William' Baker, of Lincoln, an¬ md as a State. other Populist, who was born in Wash¬ A PENNSYLVANIA POPULIST. ington County, like James G. Blaine The next of the Senators is no less and other statesmen, on April 29, 1831, a person than William Alfred Peffer, j was brought up on a farm and grad¬ of Topeka, Kan., whose whiskers—I uated from Waynesburg College, teach¬ black, glossy, luxuriant, rendering col-; ing and studying and practicing law lar and necktie superfluous—are the) before he went to Kansas, where he has most famous in the world. This most been a farmer. distinguished Populist was born on ai M ASSACHUSETTS SENDS TWO. farm in Cumberland County, Pa., Sep¬ Massachusetts sends two Pennsylva¬ tember 10, 1831; attended a public nians to the House. One of them, Sam¬ school; began teaching at the age of 15 uel Walker McCall, represents the years; taught during the winter and est and most aristocratic wards of farmed in summer until June, 1853,; city of Boston. He is the son of H and Mary Anne (Elliot) McUaJT, and I he "was born in Pennsylvania,” a glit¬ jwas horn in East Providence, Pa., tering generality which reminds you of February ~8, 1851. He went with his the “Mahone, Virginia,” which the der¬ ^ni'crluS t0 Blinois when he was 2 years vish little Senator used to scrawl on the old, but afterward went to school in hotel registers. Mr. Fyan went to Mis¬ Aew Hampshire and graduated at Dart¬ mouth College. Since 1S7(3, when he souri in JS5S, whnt into the war on' the was admitted to the bar, he has prac- Federal side, sirs!, coming out a colour-!, jticed law m Boston, except when he was has been a lawyer ever since. editing the Boston “Advertiser” for one Thomas Dun a English, the Newark year, rie has been a member of the (N. J.) poet, was born in Philadelphia. Massachusetts House, a delegate to the June 29, 1S19; “was graduated doctor Ij^Rpkhcan National Convention of of medicine at the University of Penu- loots, when he seconded the nomination i syl vaunt, in 1831), a fid called to the bar et General Gresham for the Presidency, of Philadelphia in 1842.” Twenty years bad the honor of defeating John E later we find him' serving in the New| Andrew tor Congress last fall and made j Jersey Legislature and he has been a J mighty good speech on Wednesday in Jerseyman ever since. favor of the unconditional repeal of James W. Wadsworth, of Genesee, e purchase clauses of the Sherman I New York, rich and handsome, the son net. of the gallant General Wadsworth who The other Pennsylvanian in the Mas- 1 was called in action in the Army of the Potomac, was born in Philadelphia, Oc¬ i8^hifettaidrrle?ation is Lewis Dewart VjP*i®y’ ?* Hudson, who was bora in tober 12, 1846. Northumberland, Pa., September 29, j Even Ohio sends a Peimsylvanian to 1852, and removed to Philadelphia the House. H - is George W. Houk, of when he was lo years old to go into the : Dayton, who was born in Cumberland rubber goods trade. He went to Mas¬ County, Pa., September 25, 1825, re¬ sachusetts in 18i7, and since 1885 has moving with bis father two year later been manufacturing rubber clothing. to Ohio, where he has been very success¬ He, too, is a Republican. ful as a lawyer. Michigan s most distinguished Repre¬ WASHING'! ON AND OKLAHOMA. sentative, Julius C. Burrows, of Kala¬ (The new Representative from the mazoo, was born at North East, Erie State of Washington, which now has Gounty, Pennsylvania, January 9. 1837 two Representatives. William Hall Doo¬ where he was educated for the law be¬ little was born in Erie County, Pa., go¬ fore going into the Uuion army. When ing West with his parents in 1859, to he came out, in 1864, he went to Kala- i Portage County, Wisconsin, where his K0;, I.Ie .shares with ex-Speaker boyhood was spent working in the piner¬ Reed the leadership of the Republican ies and attending district school occa- side, having been a candidate for Speak¬ i sionally, when no work was obtainable. er when Reed was elected and after¬ Early in 1865, when about 15 years of ward having been twite elected Speaker pro tempore. age, he enlisted in the Ninth Wisconsin Battery as a private soldier, returning Minnesota contributes a Pennsylva¬ after the war to his home in Wisconsin, nian in James A. Tawney, of Winona. Secretary IV indom s oid home, who was where he went back to his old occupa- ; tions until 1867, when he came back born in Mount Pleasant township, near Gettysburg, where his father was a to Pennsylvania and took an academical farmer and blacksmith. January 3, 1855 education, afterwards reading law in At the age of fifteen he started in as an Chautauqua County, N. Y., aDd then go- apprentice in his father's shop. After j it'S West, stopping in Nebraska, where he had learned to be a blacksmith he he served a term in the Legislature, and learned the trade of a machinist, and, arrived in Washington Territory in going to W mona, in 187/, obtained era- 1880. He is a Democrat. ployment as a machinist and worker at Finally, the Delegate from Oklahoma, Ills trade, studying law, mornings and whose name is Dennis T. Flynn, but evenings, until he was admitted to the who, nevertheless, is a Republican, was born at Phcenixville, Pa., February 13, bar> ‘n 1i?82WAf,ter bein£ admitted to the bar he attended the law school of 1882, removing two years later to 'Buf¬ the Wisconsin University, it being, he falo, where he lived until 1880, whan he says, "the only school of any kind he went to Riverside, la., was admitted to had attended since he was fourteen ■ the bar and established the “Riverside years old. Leader.” The next year he went to Thomas Ringland Stockdale, of the Kan., where he established the Sixth district of Mississippi, states in “Kiowa Herald,” and pursued the prac- his Congressional Directory autobiogra¬ I tic® 'aw» being likewise elected the phy that he was born and raised in the City Attorney and appointed the first btate of 1 ennsylyania, and graduated I postmaster. _ He was an “Oklahoma from Jefferson College (now Washington ' oo^mer’" iuto the territory on the “Kd. Jefferson) ,n tbat State> June, ~-c‘ °f April, 1889, and being appointed 1856. He removed to Mississippi the (Shortly afterward postmaster of the city same year. J of Guthrie, which he held until elected MISSOURI SENDS TWO ALSO. as a Delegate to this Congress. David A. De Armond, who represent* (SIX STATES SEND NATIVES TO CONGRESS. the Sixth district of Missouri, ^, born It is curious to observe in this con- in Biair County Pennsylvania, March neetion that there are only six States 18, 1844, was brought up on a farm which send delegations to Congress com¬ educated in the common school and at posed entirely of their own sons. They Williamsport Dickinson Seminary be¬ | are Delaware, Louisiana, Maine, Mary¬ fore going West. land, Rhode Island and South Carolina. Robert W. Fyan, who represents the | Every other State sends either to the Thirteenth district of Missouri, states j Senate or to the House some Senator in his autobiography, in the latest edi¬ j or Representative who was born else¬ tion of the Congressional Directory that where—the new Western States being. of course, represented entirely by “for¬ direct lineal descendant ot an - eigners.” ware family of Quaker stock, who came All the Senators and Representatives over with William Penn in 1682.”- * from Pennsylvania are natives of the] A much-treasured document at Har¬. State except Representative-at-Large risburg was for many years passed off Lilly, who was born at Penn Yan, New I as the original charter, and in 1878 a York, June 3, 1821, but removed with fac-simile of it was published iu the his father (Colonel William Lilly) to second series of "Pennsylvania Carbou County, Pennsylvania, in 1838; Archives.” The “beautifully illumin t- Representative McAlqer, who was born tod. illustrated and rubricated docu¬ in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1838, ment.” as a critic immediately pointed coming to Philadelphia with his parents out. “was but a copy made more than a in 1851; Representative Reyburn, who year after the date of the original char¬ was box-n at New Carlisle, Clark County, ter. 'Moreover, it is not a copy of the Ohio, in 1845, but was educated and charter, as it ultimately passed the has always lived in Philadelphia; Repre¬ Great Seal, but merely a copy of the sentative Scranton, who Was born in record of the charter as it passed the Madison, Connecticut, in 1838, but came Privy Scab” It is this seal ihat Sculp¬ to Pennsylvania in 1S47: Representative tor Caldwell copied for his colossal Hines, who was born in Brooklyn, in statue of Penn, thereby drawing down 1856, but was educated in Pennsylvania! upon his head the indignation of Direc¬ public schools and at Wyoming Semi-i tor Charles Henry Hart, of the Acad¬ nai-y: Representative Hopkins, who was| emy of the Fine Arts. Part of the great born in Ville Nova, Chautauqua County, seal of the Province of. New York dur¬ New York, in 1837, coming to Pennsyl¬ ing the reign of George II was after¬ vania in 1856; Representative Dalzell., ward actually published as.a portion ofj who was born in New York city, in i the waxen seal of the Penn charter. 1845, but removed to Pittsburg m 1847,, it has always been a mystery how and Representative Charles W. Stone, | even the copy of the original charter of Warren, who was born in Groton, came into the possession of the State Massachusetts, in 1843, educated at gt Harrisburg. According to a letter Lawrence Academy. Groton, and Wil¬ written by Doctor Mease from this liams College, graduating in 1863 and eitv to Governor Snyder, January 20, coming to Pennsylvania shortly after j isi‘2, “Mr. John R. Coates, of this city (agent, of the Penn estates in this coun¬ WardS‘ HTRXTIY MACS'ARLAND. try). brought with him two years since from London the original charter of Charles the Second and the Duke of York to William Penn which, upon mv suggestion, he was willing to deposit , jr, ;Tf,s 0f the State” under cer¬ tain conditions. As Lawyer John Wil- n.,..! Wallace later declared: “Mr.f Coates got possession of them on a visit to his principals in England. Being at their seat of Stoke Pogis, he was shewn by them into the charter room of their house, where he was told he might find some old deeds, etc., that would inter¬ est him as an American, and to which l he was welcome.” This original charter of the State was still in the possession of the representa¬ tives of the Penns as late as 1844, and had not been handed over to the State authorities, as seen by a letter written to Thomas C. Hambly, of York, No¬ Claim of a New Yorker to vember 9. of that year, by John Cad-; walader. legal adviser for the Penn] Have the Document. family, and their agents. He trans-| rnitted to him, among other title papers, the “Charter to W. Penn, 1684, for, use as evidence iu ejectment or other A LONG-MISSING RELIC suit, according to the custom of that time. That practice of sending Ibe Penn title papers into the back The Mystery of the Copy in the counties, led William Brooke Rawle recently to query: “Can it be that the Archives at Harrisburg and That charter is still reposiug quietly among Brought From London to the papers of some old-time lawyer, or, in the dusty files of some prothonotary s Philadelphia. office?” Some years before, when Mr. Rawle became the agent for the Penn estates, The loug-missing original charter from he searched the box of title papers, find¬ King Charles II to William Pehn for ing only Cadwalader’s letter, and not the State of Pennsylvania end the Prov¬ tlxa charter. In view of Mr. Richardson s an¬ ince of Delaware, for which the State nouncement, two theories now arise. historians and hunters of archives have One is that he has secured this identi¬ been fruitlessly searching for years, has cal historical document, once held by seemingly turned up to the light at last Cadwalader, or that that was only a among the papers of a New Yorker, .T. j copy after all, and passed by some 8. Richardson. As already stated in] /means into the Harrisburg archives.rcliives, "The Record,” Mr. Richardson explains that it. came into his possession ‘As a m !while the original really was held by Mr. Richardson’s -ancestor. '1 he mys¬ tery of the State copy perplexes the dearness of title of the New Yorker s I document.

From,

Referring1 to the Trenton Celebra¬ tion. Y CAN’T BE THE PENN CHARTER. There was a grand celebration at Librarian Stout, of the Historical So¬ ciety, Points Out Some-ixji’ors. Trenton last week, at the unveiling “I think there must be some mistake of the battle monument. Many in regard to the document in the pos¬ session of Mr. Richardson, that he prominent men participated, but I claims is the original charter granted fail to see the names of any person by Charles II to William Pepn," said F. D. Stout, librarian of the Historical from Lancaster county. General Society of Pennsylvania, yesterday. “In his letter to the ‘New York Sun,’ ” con- j James Ewing, who was born in . tinued Mr. Stout, “he describes the ! Manor township, and at this time charter as being dated 1682, and says it conveyed to Penn Pennsylvania and j resided on his plantation on the the province of Delaware. “Now, the charter of Penn was is¬ 'west side of the river, from this sued in 1681, and all the copies of it ! place, commanded a battalion of that have come under my notice bear that date, or the ‘three and thirtieth associators from Lancaster, and ad¬ year of our reign,’ i.c.—Charles II. Penn's letter to his friends stating that joining comities, at the battle of the charter had been issued is dated Trenton. He guarded Trenton ferry, April 1, 1681. The proclamation of Charles II stating that the charter had and the roads leading to the town, been issued is dated April 2, 1681. An abstract from the charter, stating tha<- and thus enabled Washington to it was issued March 4, 1681, is printed take the whole of his ’little army in a pamphlet issued in London that year by Penh. From these facts it is into battle. After the battle General evident that if Mr. Richardson’s docu¬ ment bears the date of 1682 it is not Ewing took chargef of nine hundred the original charter. Hessian prisoners, and sent them "Moreover, the charter given by { Charles II did not convey to Penn the lunder guard to the Committee of ■province of Delaware. That he ob- itnined from the Duke of York, after- ’ Safety in Philadelphia. Subsequent¬ jward .Tames II. In August, 1682, Penn ly many of these prisoners were did obtain from the Duke of York a deed for Pennsylvania to quiet any confined in a stockade in York claim he might have to that province as county, five miles west of General proprietor of the New Netherlands, and a few days afterward he obtained Ewing’s plantation. James Ewing from the Duke the gift of what is now I the State of Delaware. It is possible’ Mifflin, of this place, is a great- j chat Mr. Richardson has copies of grand-son of General Ewing, and I these papers, and if they are signed bA the Duke of York, they are certainly, fought to have been at Trenton to j interesting, but they are not the charted of Pennsylvania issued by Charles IT participate in the celebration. lin 1681.” _ ■ -'M In the early part of December when General Howe was advancing over New Jersey, and Washington slowly falling back to the Delaware, on the 11th, after Howe took pos¬ session of Brunswick, Colonel John Huhley, of Lancaster, crossed the Delaware and made a sudden attack upon the outpost of Howe’s army, T

’’f ..

and captured a number of prison¬ technical and dry for average readers ers, and some valuable papers of the Evidently the author is a man of excel¬ British commander, and thus Wash¬ lent literary taste, cultivation, and a ington became aware of Howe’s de¬ wide range of information. signs. Colonel Hubley annoyed the The “old Chief” died in Philadelphia in 1853, in the harness, as it were, aged British very much by his persistent seventy-three years. attacks upon the British outposts. Not at his death, chief, but associate, The Associators from Pennsylva-I under an election in 1851, and a new nia hurried to the Delaware and judiciary system by which the terms guarded all the ferries, and pre¬ were fixed by law, and the chief jus¬ vented the British army from cross¬ ticeship a rotary place; that is, each of ing into Pennsylvania, and thus the five jndges to occupy the honor for a fixed term. In this way he was ret¬ saved for a time our sacred soil from rograded to the place of associate. the tread of Howe’s army. All The death of the great jurist created honor to the militia association of profound regret throughout his native Pennsylvania. state and even beyond, and was the oc¬ Samuel Evans. casion of a large amount of fine eulo¬ gistic literature. Of it was an address from the then Chief Justice Black, from his place, to the bar of Pennsylvania, of surpassing power, beauty,purity and sympathy; also an extended essay from Judge W. A. Porter, an eminent mem¬ ber of the Philadelphia bar. This pa¬ per evinces rare excellence and ability in its composition and fitness in every respect, putting in clear view the whole AN INTERESTING- LETTER. life and character of the judge, private

■ - - - as well ns official, in a masterly and at¬ Reminiscences of/a Distinguished tractive way. Jurist of Pennsylvania. The author of the book has been for¬ tunate as well as judicious in the selec¬ Ct’MBEJii/AND, Mo., June 15,1894. tion of his data and historic material. Editor Somerset Vedette :— The subject was not a great judge Through the courtesy of Mr. W, Mil¬ merely, but a great man besides, and ner Roberts, one of our most respecta¬ withal a genius in the fine arts, a lov¬ ble citizens, I had several years ago the er of music und an expert upon the vx-j pleasure of reading the ‘'Memoirs of olin, which accompanied him in his ciiJ Chief Judge Gibson,” for forty years a cuits almost as certainly as his Coke judge in Pennsylvania; three years of Blackstone and Kent. This ancient a nisi prius court; thirteen years asso¬ heirloom of the Gibson family is nou ciate judge of the Supreme Court, and the wealth of Milnor Roberts, already twenty-four years chief justice. The referred to. book had just then gone into circula¬ Many characteristic anecdotes ar< tion, and its author is Thomas P, Rob¬ remembered of the judge’s weak points erts, of Pittsburg, a brother of W. Mil¬ for all great men have them. One h ner, and both, the grandsons of the sub¬ that he played upon his violin upon th< ject of the volume. It is very cleverly Sabbath day through forgetfulness, t and intelligently written and well ar¬ the great dismay of “mine host” of th ranged, quite attractive and interest¬ hotel, who was in dread that the fame ing, not merely to the profession, but of his house would be seriously com¬ general readers as well. The author is . promised by the desecration, though a layman, (as he styles himself to the the glasses and bottles were in chime legal profession) still be has treated his just below. Another: The Judge's subject with judgment, skill and ability. early home was in Carlisle, but in the It has no lack of usefulness on account beginning of his practice he experi¬ of the laymanship of the writer. In¬ mented for a short vvhilo in Beaver, Pa., deed, lawyers sometimes become too then for a period in Hagerstown and then back to his first love. But be distance between their respective humorously claimed that these feints homes, Carlisle and Hagerstown, was were not to be charged in the final aud¬ measured in miles by the number of its of his earthly tenancy. years of their faithful services. With The pleasurable reading and study of but one county between Franklin, the memoirs referred to (which are “Lovely Franklin that kissed my Maiy- gladly commended to others for the re¬ land.” The ways and habits of our own alization of the same pleasures) have Buchanan were so even and quiet that awakened thoughts and suggestions there was scarcely an opportunity fair applicable to eminent and approved an enjoyable anecdote at his expense judges in our own state, whose pro¬ However, one crept out through his longed and great “ermine services” in own lips, which will bear telling: In the secure past, challenge the appre¬ the height of lus fame he visited Old ciating pen of such Maryland lawyers England and was graciously received as the Nestor of the Maryland bar, the everywhere, even at the Court of St. learned and cultured S. T. Wallis, and James. On one occasion he and his the bright and laborious J. P. Poe, body servant—a slave, of course—were both amply and fitly equipped for such on their way to some public place and graceful duties. Maryland, in the past found a great throng of people in tbeii as well ns at present, has had as learn¬ !front,.which seemed immovable; the ed, pure and upright judges as any witty servant took in the situation at state in the Union. At the head is once, and exclaimed in an old-fashioned John Buchanan, appointed in 1806 and plantation voice, “Make way, make way who served until his death, in 1843, for my Lord Chief Justice BuChahab chief of the court of appeals for twenty- 'of the United States of America! ” In¬ one years. Then followed Archer and stantly a wide avenue and free passage Dorsey for short terms. The brilliant was made. This new and extravagant and talented Legrand, from 1851 to title was a little embarrassing to thb 1861; then that accomplished and splen¬ S modest judge, still It was so effective did figure, Bowe, for six years; later, that faithful Johnny was not even re¬ the luminous, amiable and accomplish¬ proved for the unseemly decoration. ed Bartol, from 1867 to 1884, who was J. B. succeeded by Richard Henry Alvey, now filling the place with linsuirpassed ability and independence. His clear, gfrong and crisp opinions already il¬ lumine the pages of forty-two volumes of the Maryland Reports, from 28 to 70, inclusive. The same just remarks can be made of Associate Justices Miller and Robinson. All three ascended the bench the same year, 1867, eld judges the English papers, and they suggest that but not aged men; all “good as new,” boat race should come off at the same til as the athletic meet. There is, however, j if not better; and we venture the as¬ probability of a race being rowed this ye; sertion that these reports and those The Yale crew will break training imtuei ately alter the race with Harvard, and t I that precede them, for legal learning, j Oxford crew has been out of training sii |clearness and exact enunciation of le¬ their race with Cambridge last March. If .t inter-collegiate athletic meet proves asne.o gal principles, are not surpassed by that may lead to other contests betwe ithose of any other state in the Union, PEr* English and American colleges in years What a beautiful comparison or par¬ come, but that is all. Boat racing is abc c the only thing Oxford could meet Yale allel there is in judges, Gibson and except athletic games, as th« Englishm Buchanan each served bn the bench his . play base ball but very little and America The veteran editor of the State press is that - round forty years continuously, and rerv certain individual whose life and living chief in the highest court m his state lover periods long since the property of his¬ for twenty years and more. Each fell tory, and who was the witness of facts and from the bench almost of identical age, ihiDgs that in this day are best known in Narratives and stories. By his labors he made like ripe fruit from the tree, ours 'In nen and suffered no harvest to other toilers 1843, aged seventy-two, and yours in bnless the harvest came to fruition in_ the 1853, aged seventy-three. The touclrin|| gestures of right and justice. The Times similitude does not end even here. Tlib ntroduces the veteran editor as the one to whom homage is due.

ti .. V ^press, was born November 4, 1811, and apprenticed to William 3oS% of ■ more American, the principal of the firm of Dobbin, Murphy & Bose, in 1827. He was maker-up of that paper, on the foreman leav¬ The Veteran Who Heads the List With ing for over three years. Then he tried hard Fifty-Five Years of Service. to°get away, to usehisown words, “but found The Perry County Freeman, ati it n>*&j its it difficult to get off, no one having taken my readers to-day. comes very much t piace successfully for several months. In that it did generations ago, andlit 1 one of 1832 1 gave notice to quit, but in the mean¬ the old-fashioned, interest.ng and entertam time paid a visit to my parental home in ing country weekly papers that Ion,, since Ilanover, York county, under a Promise to fastened its hold upon the [ com¬ return to see how my successor suited, which munities, whose interests ^ has ba lled be did not. The day affer my return cholera through a period of morethan haha cen broke out, first in an obscure alley and then tury. Its publisher is John A. Baker, 'j11 in the aristocratic portion, which caused a has been connected with the journalism of general scatterment or hegira. The only the State more than fifty-live years. gloomy thing to me was when I left the office for my sister’s home, a mile distant, at a late hour at night, meeting a lot of carts conven¬ ing the dead to Potter’s Field and the death of Mr. Cruse, our editor. I met him „ evening when going to supper, and two hours afterwards he was dead. “The winter before, I slipped on a pave- ment, falling on my hip; felt lame for some weeks and then in a measure recovered, but

bl»:l'yFi:‘Jey-earsafterwards apiece of l he hip bine, about, the size of a nickel and sharp «P» bn te worked its way down along the bone for about a foot, to the astonishment of a medical friend.”

JOHN A. BAKER-

Throughout this l°n?hPejA-femcin, having Baker has published the I )ee Bloomfield. established it m ibe town °^s8^al)ized in In Perry county, which was and the first 18!20 from a part of Cumberia week issue of the Freeman appe!ireatn r. The %Jer I Se%™|-f n issuea under the ^ i editor of

1815, in Cumberland county.^A ^ ^ chances of the times h l district schools GEORGE FRYSINGER. tion as was iroPar^, h^mpped himself to of the day and e^“hools for several In the fall of 1832 Mr. Frystnger left BaUi- take charge of. c°““ yed Uie cause of the more having secured work in Dan (jrev®p.1~i years. lie eaily espo = “ere admirer of Whig party, a°d"a?e,a Webster, the heroes Henry Clay and Han el Wera ^ d of the period, and taKing lu.i lven lo the cided that his paper When the advancement ot ^m^fito'pow’erMr. Baker *uh^a ^ wCbo,y s'H^^iYd'htmHyCgot^ins'ide^)f Republican part> came into and was eLected S?. doctors followed with county He was later Protbonotary of Feriy c°" y’ by Governor that as'usuai'li^'had requested half ^Cns'on andTa^ twice elected to the same JSe old hands to come back, “ and there,

° Honored and respected in life that has been " A his pleasant1. Bakerhome inhas New in latBloomfield,,er prmeuing^eferring to.q takelfae lisSsSii a passive ratherTbau an act ^ ^ besl eQ. tb^nevt rnmning sent' down the last form of, affairs of the day. He is bis friends Henry Chty’si joyment of “g“ndthe kindly ^^oS^^ce.'a'permanent posltionwafoff^cd wo^oenaturafto ^eSofhis genial tempera-

ment. _ __ GEORGE ERYSINGER Washington, °though Old Hickory had the

.onar Identified^ Witb Ylournalism in the Beautiful Juniata ^ all >• George Frvsinger, the patriarch of the State the all-absorbing topic,'Em did not differ leuough to become estranged. Finally he sub¬ mitted a proposal, probably by authority, 'that we should take hold of the Milledgeville Journal, in Georgia, without expense, adding that the printing of both houses of the As¬ sembly would De guaranteed to us. Of course ,an editor would have beeu supplied. Tempt¬ ing as the offer was I declined, knowing well that three-fourths of the people were opposed to the doctrines of Ualhoun, Haynes, Mc¬ Duffie and Troup. “After a few years spent in the Globe office T. became disabled from the Injury above re- ]home, pof°“"^ went friends I t le instigation of tablisbedtheh 1material, and in 1835 es- some local hLHLn 'er Herald, which, from iripri *r. Ka niis, became decidedly pooular f sides found^aiff?1’ bUt SOOn l0lluci that Doth so I tu?"ed in to ti°pQ most lrivial o^asions, for Governor h ?ffppo? of JosePh RRner Ritner, Burimuom^nnlf maten;Uly with “ In isiQ T 2“~hs and others as to the result. & Gitt.8dnowdofPTew° J°Seph buteaWiorngSspFurof 8ST tbe ^banonTJrfcr!

TheoDhlusVenn nf T? to Baltimore. In 1846 to purchasp thn’ rl Harrisburg, advised me October of that veir T^oo0!,"11,, Gazette’ and in ing clear of an r™?- 1 took charge of it, steer- tafned throa^ life0n^oa ■°urse,1 tlave main-

■ rwswafa® ALBERT P. WHITAKER. gssga? gggffl.'saasg standard sheer nifrf°D„g 1 le Amish it was the 1051198001 numbered from amonK its subscribers Yoders twenty to thirty-five Zooks, | safc^rv«a?&JMS sts

cwtfract on mj-eie^^'"ary ifs^when ucation P"nThniLPke0rCehL0fnoJf'aC,qUPed ed of it. Since rherfTSh0rtlPielled nle to dispose

! quainted himself with the has ac‘ | ALBERTJ1. WHITAKER ;hasd plS'bfm ?nStouch1"wit^the'^^^^ TAenS -d = For aPerlod of Eorty~Flve Years Pnb- 15 hAZ7eT^lliiTdT isher of tbe Venango Spectator. E? ? wsss honreEn at er'n Pen ns vu'«n veteraa editor of Northwest- bert P WhiMn,aC°meS t0 the front in Al¬ IS if 2 an to/ tP‘ ^hitateer> editor of the Venango Saec- who can crush a cSnceft w’ith^IfroU13’ aS one Troy TyST?nk,i°’ was^at ^nevermVV’,nbU» °aapolnt ofirouy ill hang'Pfirel Urry °r a flurry‘ aQd vet\reve?

came toSVern FeDruary 7’ 1781 Mr.Whitaker 1 mImber°oVf a \vhfdins and zealoUS to V®nan«° county in 1838 and removed time *1 fn11 hio,. ’.' Weis at tbe same a°ed wftVh s6 ln 1842’ Wbere he became a socp a\m1%audt1ffiy0"n^L°i\raCeranraPPed K™' tio T. Samuel W. Magili Jn the pubiica

Yrom0thiserfoe,mCra^C RePubhc<™- Retiring former dntP °n in 1844 be resumed his I would* have*' w’a"t’edto?njImfPouP churah,’ purchased the' m“ January 10- 1849, having joined it” i noM1,ow-ed your example and paper at Fran^ “ateriai of the Democratic of Um T-? khn’ he issued tbe first number feiSgf?

friend,” arawled e ’ Christian sssslipebeen Ground when clwlr1'"1110’ “if you bad K.'S.'Sk. Surveyor General's office in ix^o v, j Signed fr«m tbe inspecufr’.^place to resume' charge ol the Spectator in 1860 t-te h, k Burgess of Franklin, c?erk to^he Mbe!n Commissioners and at times he h^EhF011 *Jy graced6 Cbristians may fan from choice of his party for co™n ty offfPes en the P.l'u^!ns

tending is proof enough on that point?;®a &re V'to* been and swif^perceptloPPf F°^ clear 11 E. ASHMEN PARSONS clearn|sand pungencj in* htSV^rtr?'s^fe The Aggressive Democratic Editor t, j the Old Wilmot District. 1 E’ Ashmun Parsons, editor of the old Brad ford Argus, was born on a glorious, crisp St. Patrick's day-in-the-mornlng, March 17, 1847. 1-le is of Connecticut stock, his great-grand¬ parents emigrating from the N utmeg Stale into the Wyoming Valley. After the Wy-j oming massacre they journeyed up the beau¬ tiful Susquehanna valley and pitched their tents in Bradford county, then a new section. Probably no country newspaper man in Pennsylvania has had a more detailed expe¬ rience with the printing of a country news¬ paper than Mr. Parsons. He comes of a race of printers. His lather was an editor for forty years before him. The Argus has been in the family for sixty years. “1 do not remember the time 1 learned the ‘boxes’ so early was X connected with printing,” says Mr. Parsons. “I was sent to the Susquehauna Collegiate Institute, from which I graduated in 1864, but I do know that every Saturday, and often¬ times between, I was the roller boy on our old hand press in my father’s office. In fact, by the time I left the academy I was a full- fledged printer. I was then sent to Philadel¬ phia for a year to ‘ polish up,’ where I attended school a portion of the time. This completed E. ASHMUN PARSONS. mv education. The rest of my knowledge I the nobTecraft of Franklin, Cameron,"'Mc¬ obtained in the priuting office, which is a faj Clure, McMichael and Childs, I am proud of better school than Yale or Princeton, espe¬ being a thorough Pennsylvanian and love cially if you call hard knocks a school—a prac¬ mv native, grand old State. I have been an tical knowledge of a business school.” editor thirty years of a country newspaper The hopes, sorrows and ambitions, politics and have done in my humble station, amid especially, Mr. Parsons has seen in the old discouragement, the best I could. Horace Argus office would till a volume. His father Greeley, James Buchanan, Henry Wilson, was a Whig. Dave Wilmot, Colonel V. E. Andrew G. Curtin,W.U.Hensel, David B. Hill, Piollet, G. A. Grow, Ulysses Mercur and H. W. B. F.Mevers,.TohnW.Forney,Simon Cameron, Tracy used to be regular habitues of the Alexander K. McClure, and W. W. H. Davis printin'" office where he learned the trade. have all visited Towanda within my memory They were warm friends of his lather and he and called at the old Argus office. With the: had much ttT dowith them. When the old exception of Buchanan, Hill and Curtin, they l Whig party “ busted” In the’50s the Argus are true representatives of old-time journal¬ was then the leading Republican newspaper, ism, which boasted of'more brains than any the only other newspaper being tl\e Reporter, other profession. edited by E. O. Goodrich, once Surveyor of “The most, pronounced credit in my news¬ the Port of Philadelphia. Wilmot, who was paper career, I think, is the prolonged fight an old Democrat, wanted to dominate and the I have made, alone, in a minority county, for Whigs “kicked.” It. finally resulted in an Democracy. For thirty years I have turned open rupture and in 1866 the father passed the my artillery on the enemy. In this county paper over to the son, who, In the full energy their forces are as strong as ever, but in 18901 of youth, made it a Democratic journal. we defeated them in a local fight for the There were not Democrats enough lu the Judgeship and the county offices. The Argus county at the time to hold a caucus. “You was the only newspaperof the allied forces in cau see what a job I undertook;” says Mr. that contest.” Parsons, "you can imagine the struggle I have had the past 28 years to build up the party; but I clung to them through monu¬ 0RLAN0 A. TRAUGH mental defeats. The Argus is their only newspaper—tbeirbltale. Many of them sleep Past the Half-Century Mark; and Rest¬ on the hillsides, the living ones of the ‘old guard’ are with me now.” ing: ^from Labors Well Done. “ 1 have seen the Argus burned to the grou nd In the days when itamountedto something twice, but we never missed an issue,” adds) to be a Democrat in Blair county, and when Mr. Parsons. “Politicians in those days would sneak in the back door after nigbtiall the party was a solid unit on the ticket, free and hold a council, and sometimes Dave V 11- from division and faction, Editor Orlano A. mot and G. A. Grow would do this. Wilmot Traugh was a Dower behind the throne, and usually covered all the surrounding space ne in his Hollidaysburg Standard outlined the occupied with tobacco juice, while Grow contests of his party and led the voters by would boast of the number of buckwheat cakes he could eat for breakfast. I nave seen masterly strokes of policy to the polls. Mr. the local editor of this newspaper with both Traugh bas been connected with the Standard\ eyes bandaged with pork because he had said a period of nearly fifty years, and only re¬ something unpleasant about a neighbor, and cently surrendered the Interest, if not the' the neighbor had‘hit’ him. Even in more right and title, to his son, who continues the modern times I have seen the late Robert A. Parker stop at the foot of the A-vgus publication in the well-remembered grooves stairway, and cry: ‘ For God’s sake save the af the past, _ . Democratic votes’ (theoffice was burning and “In all these fifty years,” writes Mr. Traugh, we had been counting the votes.) I have had “I have seen, heard and participated enough C. D. Wood stop in my office and give me S1W in politics and other matters to fill a page of for encouragement. I have in years after¬ the Sunday Times, but what is the odds so wards been compelled to fire nis worthless long as you are happy, which, I am happy to sou outof the office. All these things are hu- i say, is the case with me at present. I may morous and pathetic. They belonged to the add without egotism, that I can say one thing old-time journalism. Thanks to progression which no other veteran in the State can. i thev are over. . never applied for or held but one office, that “It was said in those days that printers of Postmaster in Hollidaysburg.’^ had their type in a bag and picked them out This statement is true blue, for Mr. Traugh as needed. Many compositors who are now lias Doen constant in season and out ot stason working in Washington, New York, Philadel¬ In fighting the battles of others during the phia and San Francisco, learned the art in the long period in which he devoted time Argus office. I taught so many printers the substance to building up a coustUueo trade that I grew tired of it and have not had old Blair. He is one of the noted tigui an apprentice for ten years. As a follower of 93

ISAAC B. GARA.

ieaHoSn-^hle/lmU, S^XflS me'** “ ORLANO A. TRAUGH-.i rinuum sotfa^ddwen1 Forney "he’be" R°b‘£y

in toe harness apnf Win-n^.Vr anu acLlveactive | whhjh’pa'pm- paper that was unidulunioue finn naL week|week!y a I in opinion and' that hadthi llty> marked communities in whfch it hA?* resp8ct of the rniBFim Mr. Traus-h iva. h„« . b?d osculation, it that itdidnot §s«erce antagonism to years? not last for more than a few county. July 23, 1820faud hf-rWa°k’ Colilrabia an apprentice in the year .;°teres'-« as Jackson, editor and nronwet4 Wlt,h Evan °- wick Gazette. He served w,th °n the Ber’ January, 1836, when Atria , th h 1 m until to the Legislature andthecfj'-r?/1 Was eIecte he crossed to accept the PostmaSter?hi’rT^eo he resigned daysburg, goingm the cafe1*1!16 iQ «olli- in the Standard office then1?,;!° 1niiJ’mau S. Joslin. tnen published by p. ■erSSSS

the^tock^hoiders^be'ccfm m cP.n5ern> and i Joslin, turned thp & dissatisfied with Of Mr. Gara in every nnrnfV characteristic and M’r. Traugh M° RoPV®r l?.H- A- Wgs since which time' °® retired in 1813 Mr. Traugh’s sofe6eontro? kas been unde,: Traugn,when he who transferred 1S no rea Itn too P hish?« Mson,arch 'A. *893, R. i At the eventide of lire Mr c? proprletor- | iaeadlrsa,Dwas tlm warmer 60 *' j^P" blica^n I himself on the retired lis^ei'n Irau“h fluds merited and well-won rest ’alh/’^ ,a well- fetSS 'while ] gives attention to snmJ™ l a]}houSh he still I friendship and confident lG,CS’ be had the publication of theoldWanrfard ‘&in£s in tbe prominent Republicans of the past^ °f tbe Postmaster of Holiiria,??,? d‘ He has been j Cleveland’s first term' and durlng Mr. | supporter of the Democratic i "day.an active was fifty years ago! cause’ Mist as he GEORGE B. G00DLANDER

A Gentleman of^timoTd .School Well ISAAC B. GARA Known In the Clearfield Country

j Of a. Erie

j Isaac B. M°mCVy- October 20, 1821, and 1,^Dca®terc°uuty schools of that county Hp ,®ducated ln the of a printer in the tancfslrT ^ trade c „ as ,be ^Publican is the Herald office when ,” 2 ^£?tner and Hamersly & Richards si 1conducted by lSSSK§eM?e R Good: worked at his trade in Philademm he I and the arbiter of its ™ @ ffUlde of its c°urse Haven and finally drifted mPt ,andLock five year* li P°WGr the Past thirty- Ww!h W5S then in far West Galena- Ml., has the pLonalPrSOnalitr Mr‘ «oodlander - M ben but 22 years of » u |associate editor of I he7> «7 ^ ^^LG^a beeame .was a semi-weekly pape® ^,®"^^', which tf he returned to Lancaster' whi™ , sdort «me j until 1816. Then he removed to v remaiued I he became associated with Hoo^?16’ where cSteSSs jsterrett m the Publication of' near ‘wW*. d“? b°rb —-'.S;i sc Fifty-Four Years Publisher and Editor of the Monroe “Jeffersonian.” A unique character among the journalists of the State is Theodore Schoch, for over fifty-four years the publisher and proprietor of the Jeffersonian, first the organ of the Whigs and then of the Republicans of Mon¬ roe county. Mr. Schoch is a rare old country editor who will next October pass the 80th mile-stone in life. His paper is just as rare among the weekly' journals of the day, lor it is picturesque in its make-up and has about it the old-time flavor that commends it in the line of the unique just as much as its pro¬ prietor. Judge Schoch, notwithstanding his years and venerable appearance, “pulls” oflf the edition of the Jcff'ersonian each week on a Robert Hoe & Co. hand-press, No. 176; sticks type for every issue and follows the same routine in his office that he began in the year 1840. The Jeffersonian was first issued June 13, 1840, by Richard Nugent, of Honesdale, who soon afterwards gave up the task in the hope of finding a more prosperous field. John A. Carter, who looked after its interests as fore¬ man until July 14, 1840, took charge, and GEORGE B. GOODLANDER. when Editor Schoch came into possession of the office the paper was five coluums to the removed yvest to the Allegheny “Mountains pace and was worked off with a Ramage and settled on 120 acres ot land near Luthers- hand-press. In a lew months the enterpris¬ burg, clearing up a farm In the wilderness. ing proprietor enlarged his paper to six col¬ Mr Goodlander worked on this farm until umns to the page and substituted the Robert the year 1844, when he was indentured for Hoe band-press, No. 176, which has been In three years to a wagon-maker, for which he constant use ever since, a period of service was to have his food and clothing, and at the almost equal to that of the distinguished edi¬ end of three years and four months he was tor himself. awarded as a premium $40 worth ot tools, Mr. Schoch was born at Mooresbnrg, Plain- suited to the trade. He graduated from the field township, Northampton county, about wagon shop February 22, 1848, and soon after ten miles from Easton, October .’10, 1814. Q,uitej opened a shop of his own and followed the early in life lie entered 1 be printing office of the Whir/ and Journal, published by' the late ^Mr6 Goodlander was married in 1849 to Joseph P. Hetrick, of Easton, where he Sophia Jane Evans, of CurwenRvllle, and as learned his trade and worked lor a short, time if to give special empbaBls to the event In after completing his apprenticeship. It was the life of the young man the electors of in July, 1840, that he left Easton for Strouds¬ Biady township made him Constable in lSol) burg and took charge of the Jeffersonian, cod- 1 and afterwards re-elected him. They followed tiuiliogas its editor and publisher up to the i this up and elected him a Justice of the Peace present date and still doing daily' service, j in 1855, and in 1859 he was elected County This is a remarkable record, signal in its in¬ Treasurer of Clearfield and removed to Clear¬ terest in the history'of State Journalism and field town to carryout his duties January 1, rare evidence of continued success to the 1860 In May of that year he purchased from efforts ol a worthy, conscientious and hard¬ Daniel W. Moore a half interest in the Clear¬ working printer. field Republican and on the 1st of July, 1860, Mr. Schoch says that his paper was Just as entered the printing office, five years later email at first as his patronage. Monroe buying in Mr. Moore’s entire interest, and county was not then densely populated from that time to this he has been editor and and had about five Democrats to one Whig. Ho lias seen, during the period of over fifty- ' PM?!'Goodlander has often been upbraided three y'ears, a material increase in both the for using the name Republican at the head of census ana the party he so worthily repre¬ a Democratic paper, but, as the paper had its sents. From a handful, the Republican ag¬ inception long before the Republican party gregate has increased about‘2;>per cent, of the had its birth, he considered that to change votes cast, and “we doubt not it will be still the name would create just as mueh suspi¬ better some day, ’ observes the editor. Then cion as it would with the individual. The lie continues: “We nave no fault to find. paper was born thesame year, 1827, asits edi- The field affords us a living and a little over or and proprietor, and both are in the both as the net result of diligence and frugality, year of their age. It was an accident that tinctured with occasional anxious hours. We caused him to drop into the printing busi¬ gratefully took all we could get from our po¬ ness, although solicited by such men as Gov¬ litical friends and opponents, many of whom ernor Bigler, Judge Barrett and Senator Wal¬ have treated us kindly and generously, and lace, but he has been fortunate in his lme or we numbly wish to thank them for it. But work and has gamed success by worthily de- we have had to regret that we gave not al-r, I ways wisely, especially our name to our SeTheDhifluence and determined policy of the friends’ paper, which in many eases we were Republican has been to represent the inter¬ obliged to make better than the makers ests of the Democratic party and the public could or would. In such matters, however, weal, and not for the individual, or the advo¬ we did as we chose and make no complaint, b cacy of the cause of personal friends or rela¬ This community has used us kindly, it made: • tives Any perversio# of this policy by other us a home of average comfort and happiness papers or requests to the contrary by political and haS made us responsible for the faithful i aspirants meets with vigorous opposition on performance of almost" an kinas oTTiorougn the part of its editors. Of these principles offices, irom Chief Burgess down. It made: Mr. Goodlander has always been a warm ad¬ us Postmaster under Lincoln in 1861 and kept vocate At a convention of the State Edi¬ us there until the aavent of Andrew John¬ torial Convention held twenty-two years ago, son. We were again honorea by the same he favored this position, and he has ever since office under President Hayes in 1877 and also battled for it until at last the policy has been honored by its inducing the Governor to ap¬ adopted by a malorlty of the papers of the point us Associate Judge in 1871.” State, among whom Mr. Goodlander is held In the retrospect Judge Schoch has been in high esteem. the witness of many startling events in In those days the Union and the old national Intelligencer were filled with editorials fre¬ quently columns in length, and with Con¬ gressional proceedings and foreign news. Mr. Forney subsequently went to Philadelphia [and became connected with the Pennsyl- jt'amonwben it. wus published by Forney* Hamilton. In 1850 he went to Towanda, Brad¬ ford county, where he established and edited the North Pennsylvanian, which was started in opposition to the views of the late David Wllmot, who up to that time bad been a pro¬ nounced and leading Democrat. This enter¬ prise did not succeed and in about a year he returned to Philadelphia. For a short time he was associated with William V. McKean in the editorship of the !Pennsylvanian, Colonel Forney having re¬ tired wnen he was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives at Washington. Then for itwo or three years he was a clerk in the Phil¬ adelphia Post Office under the late John Mil- j ler, but still wrote for the press. In 1855. in : connection with Henry Hayes, he established the Bellefonte Democratic Watchman, of | which P. Gray Meek, the Surveyor of the Port : of Philadelphia, is the present editor and pro¬ prietor. With thispaperhe remained until [1857, and the next year started the Central THEODORE SCHOCH. Press in the same town. In 1859 he went to Washington to accept a position in the House march of Father Time. Slavery was King Library, and at the same time did consider¬ when he began his career as an apostle of the able work for the New York Herald and other cause ot abolition. He was a vigorous advo¬ cate and a fighter of much righteous indigna- ,tion. Mr. Schoch refers to the coming of steel railways, the telegraph, the telephone, ;the electric motor and a thousand and one { practical applications of the arts and sciences. He speaks of the discovery of petroleum, along with the discovery of gold and silver in 'the West, and then quaintly observes: “In The nature of things, in a brief period we will 'have passed oft the stage of action and have [joined the vast majority tfiat have gone be¬ fore, when we hope to see greater improve¬ ments and more wonderful discoveries than any we have witnessed or heard of here. We do not presume to say that we have always struck the happy medium in the discharge of our journalistic or social duties. We ask sim¬ ply the charity due from one erring creature to the other. In the meantime we will gird our lpins and endeavor to serve out our full Iterm with becoming charity and good-will to all.” WIEN FORNEY

An Interesting: Character With a His¬ tory That Would Fill Volumes. , As one of the few remaining links connect- jlne the present with the past generation Wien WIEN FORNEY. I Forney is one of the most notable and pictur- , papers. In 1860 he went to Harrisburg at the i esque figures in Pennsylvania journalism. earnest solicitation of General Cameron, to IFor almost half a century he has been con¬ take charge of the editorial columns of the stantly in the editorial harness, and his facile ■ Telegraph, and when Mr. Lincoln was elected President he went back to Washington and pen is still wielded as ably and aggressively remained there during the exciting winter of as in his younger and possibly more vigorous 1860-61 as a correspondent for several papers, manhood. Editorial work and a printing and was also connected with the House Li¬ office are, as it were, a second nature to Mr. brary. He returned to Harrisburg after the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, and resumed Forney. the editorship of the Telegraph, in which po¬ ! Mr. Forney was born in the city of Lancas- sition he remained for six years. Then he be¬ iter, June 30, 1826, and began to learn the trade came one of the editors and publishers ot the of a printer in the office of the Lancaster In- 'Slate Guard, the firm being Levi Kauffman, \telligencer, when his cousin, the late Colonel Wien Forney and Isaac B. Gara. John W. Forney, was its editor and proprie¬ I When this paper suspended he became edi¬ tor, and finished his apprenticeship on the tor of the State Guard, which was owned by Lancaster Examiner, under the late Edward the late Benjamin Singerly, who was the C. Darlington, a noted editor of the past. ' uncle of William M. Bingerly, of the Record. Subsequently he worked at case in Philadel¬ Under both administrations of Governor Cur¬ phia, New York and other large cities. tin he was State Librarian, as well as during Among his fellow-compositors were Bayard the first term of Governor Geary. When the Taylor and the famous “Mike” Walsh, who Harrisburg Independent was founded by E. Z. was a member of Congress from New York Wallower in 1876 he was its first editor. On city more t han forty years ago. this paper lie remained fora year or two and In 1845 Mr. Forney was employed on the then again resumed the editorship of the Tel- Washington Union, the organ of President Ac. graph, with which he remained until it Polk’s administration, and of which the late passed into the hands of Thomas F. Wilson. Thomas Ritchie was the editor. “Father” Then for a short time he edited a dairy paper Ritchie was the founder ot the Richmond En¬ at Steelton, but since 1883 has been the man¬ quirer and was the contemporary and per¬ aging editor of the Independent until its con- sonal friend of many of the eminent states¬ solidation in 1891 with the Star by the Hon. men of a half and three-quarters of a'century B. F. Meyqrs, and is now holding the same ago. Mr. Forney was the first to collate news position on tbs Star-Independent. of a local nature for the Washington papers. Mr. Korney is aii Inclefatlgabie worker and | versatile writer. He drives his pen con¬ stantly from 7 o'clock tn the morning until d o’clock in the afternoon, and never appears In the dark fi fatigued. Ills style is bold and fearless, he is Mr. Clyde was _ always abreast with the times, tind his edi¬ Salmon P. Chase, then l torials are read with avidity. Socially he is a [ ury, on the condition of tbe most, delightful conversationalist, and his planning of loans and theisslieof bonds, Mr. reminiscences of the men and limes of the Chase occasionally visiting Harrisburg in past are interesting, Instructive and valua-j those days as the guest of General Cameron. hie. At the age of nearly three score and ten An old citizen of Harrisburg said that he had he retains much of the vivacity and spright¬ known Mr. Clyde since his boyhood, and. no liness of youth, his eye Is still bright, his step ODe ever thought of questioning his honesty elastic and his general health continues good, and integrity. For nianyyears Mr. Clyde has hew of the Pennsylvania editors of the past been one of the leading Odd Fellows of the or present generation have had so varied, in¬ State, and has also taken a prominet< part teresting and eventful an experience as Wien , in the temperance movement. In religion rorney. he is an ardent Methodist, and is the oldest living member of Grace Methodist Church, of Harrisburg. In conversation he is very pleas¬ JOHN J. CLYDE ant and instructive, and is full of delightful! reminiscences of the past, in many of the events of which he was a prominent and‘ The Close -Friend of Chase and Cam- creditable participant. oron and a Model of Integrity. John J. Clyde, at the age oflour score years and ten, is a remarkably well-preserved gen¬ JOE W. FUREY tleman. His step is firm, his eyes uudimmed, his lorm erect and he is a familiar figure Never Anything Else Than a Worker, a upon the streets of Harrisburg. He was born Fighter and a Genius. in Meebanicsburg, Cumberland county, De¬ About everybody worth knowing in Cen¬ cember 13, 1S13, was educated in the schools of tral Pennsylvania has a sj^eaking acquaint¬ Harrisburg and then learned the trade of ance, if nothing more, with Editor Joe W. printer and bookbinder. In 1834 Mr. Clyde established himself in business at Brownsville, Fayette county, and In 1837 began the publication of the Fayette Journal, which he continued for three years. While a resident of Fayette county lie was the intimate personal friend of Thomas Kwing and Andrew Stuart. In 1841) be re¬ turned to Harrisburg, and in partnership! with General E. C. Williams for several years conducted a large book bindery. He was elected Treasurer of Dauphin county in 1849,' and the same year started the Whig Mate] Journal, bought the Intelligencer and merged it with the Journal. In 1850 lie started the Morning Herald, and was the first to publish the Legislative Record, which he began the j same year, and had for his reporters Edward McPherson and Seth Fenn. In 1851 he sold the State Journal to John J. Patterson, but continued tbe Morning Herald' and also began the Crystal Fountain, a tem-l perance paper. In 1863, iu partnership with John J. Patterson and Stephen Miller, after¬ ward Governor of Minnesota, lie purchased the Pennsylvania Telegraph, merging the Journal with it. This paper was sold to Mc¬ Clure & Sellers in 1856, and Mr. Clyde then1 started the American Sentinel in the interest ol FilimoreaDd Donaldson for the Presidency and Vice Presidency. He still continued the JOE W. FUREY. publication of the Morning Herald, which he disposed of to Oramel Barrett in 1858, and Furev, who has been identified with Journal¬ then retired from iournalism and entered the ism in that section of the State throughout a(« service of the Reading Railroad Company as number of years, and who has given to thet its real estate agent, and filled that position Lock Haven Democrat an excellent position until a few years ago. in interior journalism. Mr. Furey has always been a bright, versa-1 tile and vigorous writer, dealing with sub¬ jects as be lound them, and holding fast to an opinion with a tenacity and u^^ressivej power that has made him one of°the best- known writers of the day. His first connec-i tion with printing began May 12, 1855, at Jer-‘ sey Snore, Lycoming county, in the office of! tbe Republican. Notwithstanding the faeC that the Republican bore the same name as' the new party then j list merging into notice! under the leadership of Fremont, it was1 nevertheless a Democratic paper, owned'by [ R. & F. A. Baker, and the former was at! that time Treasurer of Lycoming countv. Both have loDg since passed away, the I former at the age of 90 years. The latter was a gaiiant soldier iu the Union army during the rebellion, and afterward became an in¬ mate of the Soldiers’ Home at Erie. From Jersey Shore Editor Furey migrated to Decatur, Morgan county, Ala., where he! became editor of the North Alabama Times I owned by Alexander McCartney, his uncle, j He remained there a period of eighteen i months,returning North in the fall of i860 that time political matters had growudec edly hot. It was at this time tbat.de entered t office of the Democratic Watchman at Bei fonte, and in 1804 and 1865 he worked i case in the office oi the Washington Oli JOHN J. CLYDE. Mr. Furey left Washing#™ uo or three days before the assassination of President opposition and into an elTectlve force. H» iS1” ,?a A,1? arrival at Harrisburg has always been a strong and vigorous lound that P. (.ray Meek, editor of the Watch¬ writer, a manof forceful opinion and an ad¬ man, at Bellefonte, had been arrested and vocate of truth and fairness for the cause imprisoned for what was then defined as treason—as ir the pleasant aud fearless gen- nearest his heart. Much is his reputation in tieman now Surveyor of the Port of Philadel- Northwestern Pennsylvania that the name ma.Dd stV.l PI'°Priet01' the Watchman, of Whitman is synonymous with honesty could be guilty of such unpatriotic action. and with earnest interest in any cause with At Harrisburg Editor Furey found Judge which be may become identified. Pe^'tCwerna £,°od old Gerruah citizen of Penns \ alley, Centre county, and together Mr. Whitman was bom in Middletown, i.rfZT,?!6 Siren permission to visit the im¬ Dauphin county, June 28, 1810, and received prisoned editor, which Imprisonment Meek fr7pndUtTaU-on ln the Publ>c schools of that fn t^e'urd/ Cl“nified hy a Ave-column article J18 uot yet Years of age, but :!9 of Service ”a(ChmaH' entltIed “hive Days in the. tho*ifrye,fr.8v.bave been 2iven more or less to the life of the printer and the editor. He was Mr. Furey, on his return to Bellefonte, took appienticed to the printing business in the wUhNl^ \lhJiiU“tCh,Zlan,aDd was connected nUl if°f- tbe Harrisburg Telegravh at the w-;., . M,eek In the editorial work of the or.lo> and hepan writing for'the press li alchrnan for nearly twenty years. He was J?N°re be was.17- To record local events in a SVVimrld "'itb ,th® Lycoming Standard, £®adabl® and interesting style came to him QhHV«iflajmS^0rt’m anc* in l^e years 1867 as second nature, and he was a local re- and 1n8 he was °ne of the editors of the Clin- £°J;ter for the Harrisburg and Lancaster pa- Henr^T10n7IrF 'nhL

ALFRED SANDERSON

A Familiar Personage in Newspaper Circles at the State Capital. A man who has been as long in editorial work as Alfred Sanderson can well be classed among the veterans of the profession. For nearly forty years he has been in tne har¬ ness. Before he was of age he was associ¬ ated with his father, the late George Sander¬ son, in the publication of the Lancaster In¬ telligencer. Mr. Sanderson was born ln Cumberland benjamin whitman. county, but became in boyhood a resident of still a young mao, notwithstanding the fac Lancaster. Fie graduated from the Lancaster J of his long connection with the Erie Observe, High School and then learned the trade of a which public journal under his care was on printer with his father. He assisted in the of the most prosperous and influential establishment of the Lancaster Daily Intelli¬ in the State. It is simple justice to state gencer in August, 1864, preparing the greater (during the years of his charge he made t portion of the local copy lor its first issue. Observer outspoken, fearless and command Then he left that paper in the latter part o ' j ing in its advocacy of Democratic purposes, 1860 and has since been connected with the jand united jhe party^in Erie county in a solid press of Reading, Pottsvilie and Shippeus- burg, and is now news and telegraphic editor

■ .4. ^ ‘ - _r. Korn 'ersatile stuntir --- i o’ t the Harrisburg Star-Independent. In add!-| rat fcion to this hebe hjishas written xm**,.very considerably!.I tor the Harrisburg Telegraph and Lancaster Examiner over the nom de plume of “The Pennsylvania, still l Old bellow ” and •• Conestoea.” Mr. Sander¬ Harrisburg was a fe..'fry. son also introduced several years ago the SehnvllriliSchuylkill, Chester modern chronicling of events over the signa¬ counties were settled, „ ture of “The Man About Town” In the Har- by “Pennsylvania Dutch. uey, 'tvhei' lf' was conducted by Susquehanna was an almost unbrol Hon. B. F. Meyers. He Is the author of a his¬ dernese until Pittsburgh was roi tory of the Union Fire Company, of Lancas- nfIi’h^!31Co 1S.rif:'Hy a hlstory of the early days W Whe,nher WaS A 8tragSbng village. izerffn 1760’ ^ company having been organ- When General Anthony WavDe taken sick on Lake Erie, cJm tag from Among Mr. Sanderson’s schoolmates were troit, and brought to Port Presauile nn® A. .T. btemman, the present senior editor of the Lancaster Intelligencer; William D. Ker- Erie, 1796, the nearest doctor to be sent for rhi«oS0W fh.® ,lea(img real estate agent of crenaralwas at HiaHPittsburgh, 147 _miles ■» away The-Lh©i I Sn°a“°’ NVlLliam A- Montgomery, now a leading member of the Chicago bar; V K &ndied ?°r’° Ibe doctoL sent for Breneman, president of the Lancaster County had arrived.Ur2 by the P08* commander,, INatioual Bank, and others equally pronr T« -I c,f\r\ v ^ When Mr Professional and business circles. In 1809 when General Wayne’s son a r mc!ln was a student at Yale Frank came to Erie to take the remains of College and Mr. Sanderson a printer's am h 8 fath?y home to the family bnrvinv said toCiiilbnm n\6t l?US day’ and the former ground at Radnor, Chester county, he could said to his old schoolmate: “ Why don’t you not do so on account of there being onlv a Arr‘

The State veteran editor in the sunset of [ General Davis received his early educatio iife is an interesting picture. He has been a ! In the schools of his native county,and gradi 'tireless agent in perfecting the registry of ated from Norwich (Vt). University, founde •events and deeds, and in shaping the opinion by the late Captain Alden Partridge, iormerl and policy and ways of those about him. To superintendent of West Point, receiving th this veteran editor the universality of per¬ ;degrees of A. B. and M. M. 8. This was sonal acquaintance is true in every detail military institution. Upon graduation b received the appointment of assistant pre and toil has been hard and unremitting. To lessor of mathematics and military lnstrur him structures have had the finishing touch tor in a military academy Cantain Partridg of time and for him has been the privilege to Jbad established a few years before at Ports mouth, Va. There he remained two year- live in the present that once with the future, theD returned home and entered hi* name a when the spirit of prophecy struggled with¬ a student-at-law with the late Judge Johi in. The editor, as the story runs below in i ox, of Doylestown, teaching a day school i portion of the time. He was admitted to th chapters briefly covering his life time, is the bur and then entered the Harvard College genius who came before the wonders that lsfw school to complete his legal studies. At this time Caleb Cushing was organizin' revolutionized travel and the channels of his Massachusetts regiment for the Mexicar communication, and whose pen controlled all war, which General Davis joined, was electee politics and legislation and the affairs of gov¬ first lieutenant of one of the companies, thet ernment. appointed adjutant, and subsequently pro rooted to captain in the Valley of Mexico When Colonel Cushing was promoted tc brigadier general In the regular army he ivai GENERAL W. W. H. DAVTIS appointed on his staff, serving as aide-de- camp, acting assistant adjutant general, act Veteran in War and Journalism, ing commissary of subsistence and actin'* in¬ spector general. and a Statesman as Well. Returning home at the close of the war, General W, W. H. Davis, editor of the August, 1848, General Davis opened an office Doylestown Democrat, was born in South¬ at Doylestown and began the practico of the ampton township, Bucks county, and is de¬ law, with the success that usually attends young practitioners, and was thus occupied scended of Revolutionary ancestors on both for the next five years. During this time he connected himself with the military of the county and was elected brigade inspector, with the rank ot major. In September, 1853, he was appointed by President Pierce United States District Attorney for New Mexico and made immediate preparation to go to the scene of his new labors, a distance of 3,000 miles. Leaving home, October 11, he pro¬ ceeded West, crossing the great plains, then an unsettled wilderness, in the month of No¬ vember, traveling 900 miles ot the way in a mule wagon, and reaching Santa Fe Decem¬ ber 1. At that early day one mail arrived and departed each month, and it required three months to get an answer to the most pressing letter sent to any point east of In¬ depence, Missouri. General Davis spent four years in New Mexico—active, labori¬ ous years. He had not been in Santa Fe more than two weeks before arrangements were made to place the Santa Fe Gazette under his control, the only newspaper within 900 miles of that place. He published It nearly three years in Spanish and English. This was the beginning of his newsDaper life While in New Mexico he filled in succession the offices of United States District Attorney, Attorney General, Secretary of Territory, Governor, Superintendent of Indian Aflftirs! and Superintendent of public Buildings. 'GENERAL W. W. H. DAVIS. While District Attorney he rode the circuit, in the spring of 1854. a thousand miles on sides. His paternal grandfather, John Davis, horseback, crossing one desert of ninety was a soldier under Washington, served from miles without water. This was practicing law under difficulties. Trenton to Yorktowq; was wounded at the attack on the Block House on the Hudson, General Davis returned borne at the close and was one of the guard at the gallows when of 1857 and in the spring of 1858 purchased the Major Andre was hanged. His father was DOylestowu Democrat and sat down to steady the late General John Davis, a member of newspaper work. Country journalism was Congress, Surveyor of the Port, of Philadel-1 different then from now, and many of the old phia under President Polk's administration, [ practices in vogue in making newspapers and a conspicuous figurein the politics of the have been relegated to history. Then most or period. the issue was distributed by carriers on horse-, back or in sulky, some of them belngabsentj ftvo or three days. Occasionally ft paper box (Philadelphia, which res pons, A - Is still seen ut the end of a farm little where ministered almost four and a mdsteereu the weekly news was placed half a century j General Davis is a member i s au became ago, a reminder of the past. Then there was learned societies and military Lungost now considerable paying of subscription in farm Of the former the Historical Soo an(j uews produce, and when be took charge of the sylvanla, the New York Genet. Democrat office in the editor’s sanctum was a Biographical Society, the VVestei quantity of the latest brand of fertilizer, Historical Society, the Historical t which the editor used on his lot out of town. New Mexico and president of the H While that lasted he was not required to buy 'Society of Bucks County, and of the la any perfumery. Editor Davis bought the 'Aztec Club (1847), the Military Order Democrat of Samuel Johnson Paxson, brother Loyal Legion ot the United Stalesjyg of Ex-Chief Justice Paxson, who was a con¬ Mexican Veteran Association, the Soclet. spicuous figure in country journalism of the the Array of the Potomac and the Grat period, and was the first editor to Introduce Army of the Republic. into his columns the distinot department of “local news.” Some of his methods were unique and not Infrequently caused a broad WILLIAM ROSENTHAL griu to overspread the face of his readers. He was strong on headlines, and on the occasion of the election of Mr. Buchanan to the Presi¬ A Member ot Twenty Building Asso¬ dency he announced the result in these terms : ciations and President of Twelve. “A. bachelor in the White House andiall the ] Herr William Rosenthal ranks among the old maids tickled to death.” This was published from one end of the oldest and best known of the German editors country to the other, and even copied Into of the State. He has long been the proprie¬ the London Times. tor of the Reading Tost, Banner-con Berks, The breaking out of the war of the rebellion i Die Deutsche, Eiche and the Biene. Born at found General Davis busy with his news¬ paper, but be laid down the poncil, reorgan¬ ’Nordhausen, Prussia, in 1825, he graduated ized the Doylestown Guards, the volunteer from the gymnasium there in 1840 and was company he commanded, offered its services for five years in the publication bouse of Dr. to the Governor, and it was accepted five : Philip Phoebus. In 1847 he came to America, days after the flag was fired on at Sumter. and, after a brief residence in New York, con- These were the first armed men raised in Bucks county for the defense of the Union. J eluded to take up life in Philadelphia, where General Davis served throughout the civil he carried on a general book store. Wbile in war, a period of five years, but it is im possible ’Philadelphia Mr. Rosenthal organized the [to tell the interesting story of his record in '.German Workingmen’3 Association and for this sketch. 'five years was its president, the society hav- He resumed his newspaper work on the 1st of January, 18tj5, after an absence of three ! ing a mem bership of over a thousand men. and a half years in the military service. For Mr. Rosenthal began his career as an editor twenty-five years he wrote with his left hand In 1848. with the Freie Presse, remaining until altogether a.nd then learned again to write :1855. Then he published the Wochenblatt, with the right and now uses both hands with which, in 1858, was merged in the Few World. equal facility. In his leisure be took up liter¬ At the same time be was assistant editor of ary work and has continued it. Since the the Philadelphia Democrat. In 1860 he be¬ close of the war he has written and published came editor of the Iteadinger Adler and re¬ the iollowing works: “History of the One moved to Reading, and upon that city the Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regi¬ ment,” “History of the Hart Family,” "Life, of General John Lacey,” “History of Bucks County” (a work of ten years), “Life of Gen¬ eral John Davis” and “The History of the 1 Doylestown Guards.” His latest work, “The [Fries Rebellion,” is ready lor the press. In addition to writing books he did a large !amount of literary work in the same period In the way of lectures, addresses, preparing ! papers to read before historical societies, etc. In resuming control of the Democrat he re-, entered politics and took the old interest in it, keeping up his end with pen and voice in every campaign. An occasional honor in itnis sphere was thrust upon him, most of them barren of fruit. In 1865 the Democratic State Convention nominated General Davis for Auditor General against General Hart- ranft, the Republican candidate. Although he did not solicit it, he accepted the nomina¬ tion and led the forlorn hope in this unequal contest. Since that time he has served the Democratic party twice In a similar way. In 1882 he was nominated tor Congress in the Seventh district. The district was Republi¬ can by over2,000, but he cut down the adverse majority to 625. This was doing well in a WILLIAM ROSENTHAL. campaign that cost but 8200. Again, in 1884, he was selected to lead the Democratic for¬ impress of bis genius as ati executive and or- lorn hope, this time in the contest for Con- igariizer and a worker has been long felt. Mr. gressman-at-Large. He accepted the respon¬ Rosenthal has given assiduous attention to sibility and stumped the State In company the building association interests of that city, with Attorney General Hensel. He was [and since the year 1866 he has been a guide beateu, as expected, but when the votes were and a director in quite a number of them. counted itwasfoupd Davis had polled about ' In 1864 Mr. Rosenthal was a delegate to the 9,000 more than the Presidential candidate. I National Convention at Chicago, which nom¬ In 1878 he was appointed by President Hayes inated McCielian, and he retired from the an Honorary United States Commissioner to Adler in that year to establish the Banner- 'the Paris International Exposition, held that \ von Berks. In 1867 he started a Sunday edi¬ year, and was absent about six months. In tion and called it Die Biene. This was the jl880 he was appointed by the President a 'name of the ship that he came to this coun¬ member of the Board of Visitors to the An¬ try in. In 1868 he established the Abend Post napolis Naval Academy, on the occasion of and in 1869 he issued Die Deutsche Eiche, the the examination of the cadets at the annual official organ of the Haru Garl. [commencement, an exceedingly interesting Mr. Rosenthal has repeatedly refused offi¬ mission. Soon after Mr. Cleveland went into cial positions. Oue of the pleasant features the Presidential office for his first term he was of his personality Is his faculty of making appointed United states Pension Agent at friends, and he is fitly styled the Nestor of s8* He is not only a member lng associations, but is presl- of them. Mr. Kneule has been not only the manager or the leading Democratic paDers in Mont¬ gomery county for the past thirty-SIx years, but he has also always taken a personal ac- BRECHT KNEULE live part in politics and made public speeches ior ail the Democratic candidates for Presi¬ ‘ German AVrlter AVho Speaks dent from Breckinridge in I860 to Grover Cleveland in 1802. He was married to Louise ■ougli a Number of Channels. ra uJn an<^ has lour sons and one *.eebt Kneule, the editor and proprietor u » - \ -^ree Ltie sons are engaged in he Norristown daily and weekly Register vne Iteffister office, at Norristown, two at the head ol different departments, and the fourth fae Perkiomen Valley Press and the Penns-* as the business manager or the Bauern burg Bauern Freund, was born in Esslingen Freund office, at Penusburg. Kingdom of Wuerttemberg, Germany, on March 1, 1832. After a good school education he entered, in 1845, an apprenticeship of tour MORGAN R. WILLS years in the printing establishment of the —.__ Esslinger Zeitung, after which he worked as First Among: Norristown Editors and compositor in Gotha’s large printing house a Republican Leader. in Stuttgart and later on a French newspaper ! at Berne, Switzerland. Morgan R. Wills, the editor of the Norris¬ town Herald, publishes one of the oldest In the fall or the year 1S51 Mr. Kneule emi¬ newspapers in the country. lie was born In grated to America, and on February 13, 1852, West Whiteland township, Chester county, secured a position in the Neutralist office,’! October 21, 1831, passed through the common Skippackvllle, Montgomery county, where schools of the day and entered the office of he worked as compositor and pressman until the West Chester Jeffersonian in IS47 to learn the spring of 1857. In April, 1857. he estab¬ the printing trade. lished a new German paper at Pennsburg, in When his parents removed to Norristown the upper part of Montgomery county, under he became connected with the Register until the title of Pennsburg Democrat, and In July, 1853,wnen he accepted an appointment in the 2S58, accepted an otfer from the proprietors of i Post Office at Springfield, Illinois, as a mail¬ the Bauern Freund, published then at Sum-i ing clerk. To one of his tastes the situation neytown, to combine the papers, and pub- lished them under the name of Bauern I was not congenial and he returned to Norris¬ Freund and Democrat until 1865, when he town in the fall of 1853, taking up the printing bought out the interest of the former proprie- and stationery business until 1864, doing in tors of the Bauern Freund, and carried on the meantime a reporter’s work on the the business on bis own account un to the1 Register. present time. The Bauern Freund, after' the consolidation of the two papers in 1858 < had a circulation of about 900, which was Kneule in a few years to 3,000, and has been kept at that figure up to! the present time. p

MORGAN R. WILLS. It was in March of 1864 that Mr. Wills pur-! chased from Robert Iredell a half interest In the Herald and Free Press, and In 1869, hav¬ ing become sole owner of the paper, he issued,' ALBRECHT KNEULE. December 20, the first number of the Daily Herald, which has become one of tbe neatest, Mr. Kneule also founded the Perkiomen brightest and best of the raanv excellent Valley Press, a weekly English paper, the daily papers of the State. Under the direc* initial number of which was issued January Wills it has acquired an influence JO, 1874, at Pennsburg:, which paper has yet a of the most effective character, and its publi¬ fair circulation iu the upper part of the cation of tbe news of the day is accurate and county. In September of 1878 he bought out enterprising. the XMorristowD Register establishment at With the exception of a few months spent Norristown, and on March 1, 1880, at the be¬ in travel, JMr. Wills has been a busy man in ginning of the Hancock campaign, under the! both printing office and editorial room for a firm name of A. Kneule & Son, commenced! period of more than forty years. As editor of tne publication of the Daily Register, an un¬ the Herald since 1864, he has had little time dertaking which was considered by many a for anything outside of the exacting duties of very doubtful experiment, and which it his profession, and with a corps of capable! proved to be for several years, but bv en-i assistants he conducts the business of one of durance, industry and careful attention was! the most complete newspaper, jobbing and finally made a success. The Daily Register is ] binding establishments in tbe State. considered to-day one of the most popular 1 newspapers in Norristown and Montgomery i - county. “ ! ^pr: SN. basslnce continuously edited and steeren EDWARD SCULL 11;it.s ts pono 111icalt.icn 1 course.prnircD Hisr-Ti« fi ve sonk ^iT..vrnwcu « practical printers and the two youniestnow ; control and rnannco it. .._ .ungest now An Editor Whom the Frosty Sons of control and naanagie the business and*1 "°W departments of the paper. and news Thunder Sent to Congress. Ex-Congressman and Editor Edward Scull fh°n5 bee“ a leader a'nong tbe fro*ty sons J. M. WILLIS GEIST of thunder in the Somerset country, and he refers to his life as uneventful. With the Fifty \ ears in the Harness and Always average country editor this is always a matter Faithful to Lancaster. of opinion, as he is invariably the busy man On the 5th day of July next J. M. Willis f brIKimmunity without seeming to know Geist. the well-known editor ot the Lancaster is^rhe,*8*0,merset Herald wus established in • New Era, will pass the half century mileDost Sr lS U‘UaS b8en ItS editor since las editor and pubiisher, and the Ment is | worthy of a celebration throughout Lancas He was born in Pittsburg in 1818 and had a ter county, where he has been so long and so common school and academic education He j favorably known. It is in that and upon that was admitted to the bar of Westmoreland [section of the State that he has impressed his county in 1811, having studied law in Greens- burg, and, removing to Somerset in 1816 he i vigorous Individuality, and throughout this [long period of hard and unremitting labor practiced law until 1857, when he was elected I his voice and pen have ever been arrayed on Prothonotaryand Clerk of the Courts for a , the side of right and justice. Mr. Geist can term of three years. On March 1, 1868, he was look back over a long and proud career as an appointed Collector of Internal Revenue by (Influential and noble teacher in the calling President Lincoln, was removed by President Johnson, September, 1866, and was again ap- 14lbat has bought him into direct contact with the masses and with communities. Of singu¬ pointed Assessor by President Grant in a nril 3869. Mr. Scull became Collector of the Putts’ larly conscientious views, he has carried his burg district March 22, 1873, and served in that va’npTf Lnt°, f,'S daily Ufe and gauged the ..value of his labor by the benefit he could be capacity until August, 1883, when the district to his fellow-men. \ was consolidated with another. He was a delegate to the National Republican Conven j Mr. Geist’s first journalistic venture was as tion at Baltimore in 1861, ag^in at Cmctnnau editor and publisher of the American Re- j former on the 5th of July, 1811, ,vnen not 20 .years of age. The paper was of the old-style (familiar type, six columns to the page de- votad more to temperance than to any’otber cause, and the editor's “Letters to Henri” were of the most iorcible and interesting de¬ scription. Circumstances compelled him to ?Tba“do° the enterprise, but he renewed it at Harrisburg m company with A I t„vL. . ?-n,^sa*?a

EDWARD SCULL. ^Z6’ Chicago in 1881 He was elected to »he Fiftieth, Fifty-first and Fiftv-seco^d Congresses as a Republican. Surely this is u? dicativeof an eventful life aia very Stem J evidence of energy and thrift. " 8tr°ng has been a busv man He is ne scended in a direct line from Nichnik= « d,®' who landed at Chester Septem her 10 maf nUr A

His '^gran dfatherZ ^ J. M. WILLIS GEIST. bhnr°gUfe, VnTXr^ wYsba!4e,yPLPs8AumemaWfn U60/™”’ whicd lished the Gazette, now" the lam B. Foster the S in.defeating Will- zette, which he published and edRed" mni some time in 1818, when he was Hr£:i County Cominisslone^ Inai8i7ahp‘dhate r°r John J. Scull, the father of fS l?ed,,by for a short time news editor of th* pbficara,e lawyer, who after an experience of twn^i ’ a disposed of the paper. P of years Mr. Scull read law in the office r,r *v,„ , . United States Senator Cowan at r?iLtb?. a 6 and married a daughter of John a ,e.nsbui’s- Ogle in 1852. establishing the ** er year, which in a few months was mAbe ]Bame the Herald, tbe influential weeklySr mat The Quaker City, edited by the then celebrated Thomas C. Zimmerman, who hag been Tor George Lippard, and news editor of the Even¬ many years the editor of the Reading Times ing Argus, published under the same aus¬ and of the Berks and Schuylkill Journal, is pices. Following its suspension, he becamel one of the most genial of men, most even- editor of the Sunday Globe, succeeding Dr.I Thomas Dunn English, and afterwards editor' tempered, and in opinion conservative yet and one of the publishers of the Sunday Mer-\ vigorous and radical. He occupies the unique cury. The Globe, during the editorial man-j position that comes to the man who is a agement of Mr. Geist, increased its circula¬ favorite with both parties because of the firm¬ tion from one thousand to nearly fifteen thou¬ sand copies a week, a marked tribute to the ness and the candor with which he treats ability and'enterprise of its faithful editor. I public questions and public men. Straight¬ louring a period embracing the years 1852 and! forward, capable and honeBt In his views, be 1856, Mr. Geist was the editor of the weekly; is both a gentleman of the old school and yet Express at Lancaster, then owned by John A. j distinctly of the new, giving to his work a Pearsoi, and from this time dates the begin-; ningofhis long apprenticeship to Lancaster finish and an interest that commands a na¬ and her Interests', a period of years during tional attention. He has made the Reading which thfe county attained its greatest devel¬ Times one of the really excellent publications opment. in tne daily journalism of the period. Asa! In 1856 the daily Express was established. master translator of German poetry he stands] Mr. Geist became a partner, and this rela-[ tiouship continued for twenty years, until to-day without an equal in this country, andi 1876, when the Express was sold and consoli¬ his name is connected with the distinguished dated with the Lancaster Examiner. He was I literateurs in this and other lands. Of marked editor of the consolidated journal until March, ability and of siDgularly happy style, his writ¬ 1877, when he resigned, owing to a difference ings combine both the flower and the point of views between himself and the political of the English language, and yet his best policy of the paper. In April, 1877, a stock works are apt to escape the notice justly | company formed to publish a new daily their due because of the modesty that invests paper, but John B. Warfel, just retired from his labors. the Senate, furnished the capital which led Colonel Zimmerman was born at Lebanon « to the establishment of the New Era, which; June 23, 1838, and had his education in the] has since been under the sole and uncondi¬ common schools of that city. Without the!’ tional control of Mr. Geist. No two men could j advantages of a classical education, he has] have been more happily mated in a business nevertheless never permitted opportunity to E career. To the practical, shrewd and conser¬ pass without its harvest. When 13 years of; ! vative ability of Mr. Warfel was united the! age Ue began his apprenticeship in the office! f experience and excellence of Mr. Geist. Mr. ] of the Lebanon Courier, and then entered Geist was for many years vice president of the Young Men’s Christian Association, of Lan¬ caster, and is a member of St.John’s Free Episcopal Church, and may be seen in his | pew with each recurring Sabbath day. He has been a vestryman there for forty years,; and any history of that church which would; not recount his faithful labors in its behalf during all that period would fail in its most essential part. Mr. Geist has always held that journalism and office-holding are incompatible with that j independence which is necessary to inspire confidence in a newpaper, and acting upon this principle he has on three occasions de¬ clined appointments to the most remunera¬ tive of the local government offices. The only I public office he ever held was that of Presl- i dential elector in the last Presidential elec¬ tion, and he has been for several years chair¬ man of the county visitors of the State Board of Charities. Next to the line of his profession, to which he has been enthusiastically devoted, with little Intermission, for fifty years, Mr. Geist’s | ruling passion is for mechanics and ma¬ chinery, in the judgineut and handling of which he is credited with being unusually ex-j pert for an amateur. He has always selected | THOMAS C. ZIMMERMAN. and supervised the erection of the machinery used in his business, even to the minutest de¬ the employ of the Berks and Schuylkill Jour¬ tails. His favorite recreation from the cares nal In Readiug. While Jacob Knabb, the of journalism, in which he is a rapid and in¬ proprietor of that paper, was Postmaster of cessant worker, is superintending or workiug Reading Colouel Zimmerman acted as his out tne details of some mechanical or archi¬ chief clerk, during Lincoln’s administration, i tectural improvement. He would rather take and contributed some especially excellent down and set up a church organ, a clock or a articles on postal reform to the United Stales printing machine than spend a vacation Mail, enjoving the satisfaction of finding in lounging at a summer resort, and always some of his suggestions incorporated in the , gains in appetite and strength whensodolng.; report of the Postmaster General. In Janu¬ In 1850 Mr. Geist was married to Elizabetn ary, 1866, he became partner and associate M. Markley, of Lancaster, who died In No-! editor of the Journal, and in 1S69 a member vemher, 1892. He is the father of eight chil¬ of the firm publishing the Daily Times. Un¬ dren, four of whom, three sons and a daugh¬ der his management the Times rapidly at¬ ter, died young. Four daughters survive, j tained a prominence in the journalism of the The eldest, Mary, Is the wife of John M. New- State that it has not only maintained, but bold, coal and lumber merchant, of Newport, j Improved upon. . Del.; Florence, wife of Dr. J. Paul Lnkens, of Colonel Zimmerman’s Pennsylvania-Ger¬ Wiimingtou, Del.; Lillie M., wife of S. S. man extraction has brought him in very Martin, merchant tailor and clothier, of Lan¬ dose connection with the vernacular, and a; caster, and Emma, at home. He has ten \ number of translation have lollowed from grandchildren,nine of whom are “ Blue Hen’s ; bis pec, although he is a very busy mau aud (Jhickens.” His sister Mary, now S3 years of | never neglects the exacting duties of his pro¬ age, makes her home with Mr. Geist. fession. His translation of Moore’s, “ Twas * the Night before Christmas," has bad OOVB oniy publication at home but abroad, anjl 40] jjj THOMAS C. ZIMMERMAN his letters of congratulation appear those from Professor Haldeman, the eminent phil¬ Tlie Record of a Genial Man and Highly ologist of the University of Pennsylvania; Simon Cameron, General Hartraiift, Rother- Useful Citizen. It goes without question that Colonel reel, t5e painter of the “ Battle of Gettys¬ elected to the Forty-third Congress to repre¬ burg;” Professor Porter, of Lafayette Col¬ sent the York, Cumberland and Perry dis¬ lege, and the Rev. Dr. Horne, of Muhlenberg. trict, and later he was a delegate to tho Na¬ Xu the list of translations appears selections from Tom Hood, Oliver Goldsmith, Heine, tional Convention in 1876, at St. Louis, at Goethe and from Greek anthropology, but which Samuel J. Tilden was nominated. He the best of all is his translation of Luther’s was the unanimous choice of his county for Congress in 1874 and 1878, and has served ® m?1 *lyran' “Etne tests berg 1st Unser Gott.” the Berks hills have provided for Colonel many times as a delegate in State Conven¬ Zimmerman a remarkable field for the dis¬ tions. In 1891 he was one of the candidates of play of his talents. He is a great lover of na¬ the Central district, composed of the coun¬ ture. and It has been his habit of more than ties of Juniata, Mifflin and Perry, as repre¬ Twenty years to take daily walks into the sentative to the Constitutional State Conven¬ jeountry and to give the benefit, to his circle of tion that was not held, and he still occupies ithe editorial chair he assumed forty-one r®hders. In early manhood he entered the years ago. office of William Strong and was importuned |later to study for the ministry. He was ten¬ dered the Reading Post Office under General Cameron and requested to till the ad.julantcy BENJAMIN F. MEYERS in the Nlnty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, but his definite purpose in life has been fol¬ iThe Distinguished Editor and Demo¬ lowed in the calling in which he has become cratic Leader and His Busy Career, (famous and to the lasting credit and benefit of the city in which he has made his borne. j No man has more greatly Impressed him¬ self upon the journalism and the polities of J the State than Ex-Congressman B. F. Meyers, JOHN A. MAGEE of Harrisburg, for many years the distin¬ guished editor of the Patriot, and always a A Perry County Editor Who Has Been j Democratic leader. Mr. Meyers is nothing if in Congress. not aggressive, and his whole life has been j John A. Magee has been the editor of the devoted to building up the interests of others Perry County Democrat throughout a period and in making the world better and brighter. of forty-one years. He was born at Landis- Of positive convictions and opin Ions, and with 1 burg, then the county seat of Perry, October i the courage to carry out plans and like cour¬ 14, 1827, where his father, Alexander Magee, tage to act where others have the best cause the pioneer editor of the county, had estab¬ to hesitate, he has been a winner in the race lished the Perry Forrester seven years pre- j through merit alone, and honors have been ivious. The family removed to New Bloom- 1 bestowed upon him as an honest recognition ! field in 1829, the establishment of the county I of bis wonderful capacity as an executive and seat in that beautiful village having occurred ; an organizer. shortly before. t Mr, Magee had his education In the com¬ mon schools and at the Bloomfield Academy. |He was an apprentice in the office of the

BENJAMIN F. MEYERS. JOHN A. MAGEE. As a writer Mr. Meyers is keen, incisive, ; Perry County Democrat, whose editor then j direct to the point and one who employs the was George Stroop. Concluding that diver¬ ; purest English to give expression to what he sity in education was an excellent means to has to say. He never fails to reach the core an end, he changed life to Harrisburg and ! of the subject he has under discussion, and set type in the office of the Keystone and of j even though he may be interrupted time and j Ibe Daily American, In 1S50. Then he taught I again, he returns to the matter before him < school in 1851, worked at the case tn the Na- with singular indifference to the occurrence \ lional Fra office in Washington, In 1853, and that, demanded attention elsewhere. Mr | on the death of Judge Stroop, in January, Meyers has never been anything else than a ; 1854, became the editor of the Perry County Democrat, with an admiration for the Wal¬ Democrat, a post that he has filled with lace and Randall type of party leader that marked fidelity ever since. made him a close adviser with them touch¬ Mr. Magee was elected to the Pennsylvania ing party management in the past. House of Representatives in 1862. He -was a There have been occasions when his own delegate to the National Convention at New views have been largely at variance with \ ork in 1868, which nominated Horatio Sey- party policy and measures. An instance of mour for President. In the year 1872 he was this is in evidence in the call of the special session of the Legislature of 18S3 to pass ap- ^ortrotsment bills, in &ls .judgment it was a mistake, and, as facts later proved, a very noted journalist of sixty years .ago. costly one. He has a faculty of reading situ¬ grandfather, John Hamilton, was a ations on sight, and instances are rare, in¬ in the revolutionary war, and bis deed, where his conservative view of things grandfather on the maternal side, Hu. has been at fault. Mr. Meyers has wide repu¬ tation, and justly, too, for fairness andean- Alexander, was a member of the convent!_ dor that has retained friends even after they which formed the first Constitution of Penn¬ have had quite material differences with sylvania in 1776, and also of the first Legisla¬ him, and other traits in bis character are ture, which met the same year. found in a genial and sunny disposition to those who claim close friendship with him His school training was under private and a kindly spirit of advice to those who tutors and at the old Harrisburg Academy. seek bis best offioes. Mr. Hamilton learned the trade of a printer Mr. Meyers was born July G, 1833, near the in his father’s establishment, the Harrisburg, village of New Centreville, Somerset county, Chronicle. Among the journeymen printers and was raised on alarm untli 15yearsofage He acquired the foundation of his education who worked in the office at that time were in the common schools, attended the Somer¬ James Thompson and Ellis Lewis, both of set Academy, and is a graduate or.Jefferson whom many years after became Chief Jus¬ College, then at Canonstmrg, now Washing¬ tices of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. ton and Jefferson College, at Washington Upon finishing his apprenticeship he entered After leaving college he taught school in the engineer corps or the Juniata division of! Somerset. He was married in 1854 to Miss the State canal works, then being constructed Susan C. Koontz, sister of Hon. W. H. Koontz by De Witt. Clinton, Jr., a son of the famous of Somerset; then removing to Bloomington! Governor and founder of the New York canal 111., in 1854, he engaged in journalism. system. Subsequently he returned to Har¬ While in Bloomington he reported the risburg and became associated with his father speeches of Abraham .Lincoln. Stephen A in the publication of the Chronicle. Douglas, Cassius M. Clay, Joshua R. Gid- When scarcely of age Mr. Hamilton was dings, and Murray McConnell, made in the chosen printer to the Legislature. Then he great contest over the Kansas-Nebraska bill. spent a couple of years in the South, and was Owing to a severe and protracted illness he appointed to a position in Washington, D.! was obliged to return to the mountains of C., whioh he only held for a short time, re¬ Pennsylvania in 1855. He studied law and turning to Harrisburg and assuming control was admitted to the bar at Somerset in No¬ of the Pennsylvania Reporter. Afterwards bet vember, 1855, and practiced a few years at the was chosen Assistant Clerk of the State! Somerset and Bedford bars, but having pur¬ Senate. Resigning this position he removed chased the Bedford Gazette in 1857. he aban¬ to Philadelphia, where he became associated doned the law for journalism. Mr. Meyers edited and published the Gazette for seventeen years and In that period it gained a State and national reputation lor its fearless course and unquestioned position on public affairs. In 1S68 he bought an interest in the Harrisburg Daily Patriot, of which paper he was the editor-in-chief from 18W8 untlUSSil. with the exception of a year and a half, during which time William Penn Hast¬ ings, now the editor of the Milton Record and the Milton Standard. controlled the paper. Mr. Meyers was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1H63 from the county or Bedford. In the year 1864 he was returned as re-elected from the new district composed of the counties of Bedford, Fulton and Somer¬ set, hut was ousted in a contest. He was elected to the Forty-second Congress In 1870 from the strong Republican district com¬ h posed of the counties of Adams, Bedford, Franklin, Fulton and Somerset, defeating the late Hon. John Cessna, and was unanimously renominated by his party in 1872, but owing to the demoralization of the Democrats by the Greeley movement he was defeated, though running considerably ahead of his ticket. lie was State Printer from 1874 until . 1877. Among the important positions Mr. Meyers A. BOYD HAMILTON. has held is that of Postmaster at Harrisburg, from April 1, 1887, to May 1, 1892. He has been | I with Colonel John W. Foruey In the publica¬ proprietor of the Harrisburg Star-Independ¬ tion of the Pennsylvanian. When this part¬ ent. a daily evening paper of large circulation, nership was dissolved he became printer to since August 1, 1891, and is now president of ■ both houses of Congress, which ended In 1853, I the WilltesDarre and Wyoming Valley Trac¬ .and shortly after he again became State tion Company, of Wilkesbarre, and of the 'Printer of Pennsylvania,which position he j Citizens' Passenger Railway Company, of filled for ten or twelve years. - Harrisburg. Of late years Mr. Meyers has Mr. Hamilton has held many positions of : given his time to the construction and opera* trust and responsibility since, among others . tlon of electric railways. He still devotes all president State Agricultural Society, one of ! his leisure hours to literary pursuits and has the commissioners in 1860 and 1870 to make recently made a translation of the Odes of plots for the extension of the city of Harris¬ Horace. He is a member of the Board of burg and is now president of tbe Dauphin i Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Oouuty Historical Society, which position he i has held since its organization several years ! ago. In his political faith he has always been a Democrat and he is a Presbyterian In 1 A. BOYlD HAMILTON religion. In his editorial career he was the I contemporary of such men as Thomas Rit¬ Enjoying tlie Sunset of a Long, Active chie, John W. Foruey, Samuel D. Patterson, Joseph U. Neal, Robert T. Conrad, Morton i and Useful Life in Quiet Retirement. McMichael, Joseph R. Chandler, JesnerHard- i At the age of 86 years there is no more Ing, Nimrod Strickland, John B. Sterlgere, sprightly, vivacious gentleman in the city of George .Sanderson, William F. Packer, Ora- mel Barret, John B. Bratton, Theophllus I Harrisburg than A. Boyd Hamilton. There Fenn, Isaac G. McKinley and other names Is really nothing old about him except bis well-known In the editorial fraternity of forty age. He was born in Harrisburg September and fifty years ago. I 18,1808, and his father was Hugh Hamilton, a In tbe sunset of a long, active and us life Mr. Hamilton is not resting from labors,T>ut continues tils researches Into the the exception of two terms he at¬ history of the past for matters of Interest to tended the Rider s Ridge Academy and t hen the society of which he is president, the peo¬ completed his education in the New York, ple pf Harrisburg ana his fellow-cltizens of Tribune office. He served in the war and wari !Pe5Il.Byd,Y?nla .as well. The activity, vigor wounded in the wheat field at Gettysburg, i and health which are still his indicate sev- and, going back to Johnstown, purchased his | eral years more of usefulness before he shall s Int,erest In the weekly Tribune, and be summoned to the *« bourne from which no an i87^.1*^uecl ,tlle flrst number of the daily. traveler has e’er returned.” The Tribune has been in the hands of the tim^slnceW11 iUtermission of a GEORGE T. SWANK

The Caustic, But Clever Proprietor of ELIJAH A. PARSONS

the Johnstown “ Tribune.” By Many Considered the Oldest Editor George T. Swank, the editor of the Johns¬ in Pennsylvania. town Tribune, has been a power in Cambria Elijah Adams Parsons, fifty-four years county the past thirty years, and he is justly editor and publisher of the Bradford Argus, and rightly classed among the distinctively at Towanda, was born in that county in July, original thinkers and men of newspaper 1820. His ancestors were New England Yan. genius of the day. The Johnstown Tribune is perfect in typographical appearance and its news features, along with its opinion are standard gauge. In the Allegheny Mountain country and the Valley of the Conemaugh along with the Somerset hills, the Tribune has long been the Republican authority, and under the directing care of Mr. Swank it has converted Cambria from Democracy. Mr. Swank is a careful, though caustic, writer, and there Is never anything uncertain in his handling of a subieot. He is aggressive to a degree that sometimes appears to be cruel, but this is because he is a fighter in a section of the State where it means some¬ thing to fight. He was born in Conemaugh township, Indiana county, and with some few exceptious has resided in Johnstown throughout his life. In 1852, his brother, James N. Swank, now the general manager of the American Iron and Steel Association, was selected by the ardent old Whigs of Johnstown to edit a

ELIJAH A. PARSONS. kees, and were pioneers here at the close of tne Revolutionary war, going from the Con« necticut Valley. With the limited education afforded by tha cou nty schools at that time at 16 years of age e engaged as apprentice in the office of the pIX“butmm^°FrifCl br hls bro-ther-in la^ ™ejLUly‘ 1,115:6 Horace Greeley at tnethJ case. UHHet lonmastered was m «niythe “artobtained tyta. 1839VaTOhen°'v?11 ans” ln four years, and in ,39, when 20 years old, became publisher. brokc°nnunUl 188a Uh Ar°US remalned lel-VJ vAlo P„arsen®wasappointedPostmas- onlv by President Cleveland, the At the I ™, Position he ever held or sought. At the close of his service as Postmaster

sioiesib!e nmanman,rl reresolvedd tJ leto age retire of 70 ’from he> llke the a rare* 86o’ and turmoil of political and business life and GEORGE T. SWANK. qufetude.rem8lQder0f bls ^ay6 " ea's^a^d Scott campaign paper, and George T. Swank weut into the office with him, rolling forms b>sQe?^90fthe Ar&ug Passed into the hands of on a two-pull Ram age press, with wooden ent publisher1’ * ASb“ai1 P™' platen tastened to a frame with cords in place of springs. In speaking of the event Mr. Swank says : • \\ hile my brother pulled the jlever, after he had edited the paper and with ever 11 goes without saying, how- imy assistance set up the tvpe, took a first any raan who successfully main- proof on the bed of the press and corrected it courftv for fift1try new®naper in a minority there. 200 copies^ of the Cambrian were county for fifty years without the aid of those printed. 1 carried them to the subscribers’* motiern assistants, the railroads, the tele- ! The Cambrian became a permanency under time wh.n a perfect postal system, and at a the nurae ofthe Cambria Tribune, afterwards «the, average side-hiil farmer coni [changed to the Johnstown Tribune Mr Dolicvdofhth,oSe f bettevr adaPted to dictate the [Swank went West in 1854 and returned in policy of the paper than the editor himself has seen some pretty lively times. WS6l‘i ' -- JL • = <■*£ % Lie u ff. T. H, PAULEY. the Presidential campaign, Mr. , ». -- turned to Waynesburg and boueht Messenger, and became the editor, Universally Known Throughout tho proprietor of this journal, \#hlcli bi Bright Little Kingdom of Greene. his possession everslnce. until four, when he transferred It to the hahds’of Editor Pauley and the Greene County Demo¬ sons, he still retaining the position of crat are synonymous terms in Western Penn¬ The paper has always been earnestly and sylvania. They have been joined together a radically Democratic ever since it came into period of almost sixty-one years, and the bis possession fifty years ago. Democracy inspired by Jackson has never He is now in the 75tn year of big age, and is as much of a political partisan’as in his been absent from the one nor a missing qual- more youthful years. WheD he first went Ity in the other. Mr. Pauley has been a party Into the Messenger office, in 1833, to learn the fighter all his life. To him is due the credit printers’ trade the paper was printed on an of holding little Greene in the ranks, and old:Ramage press, with screw power, printing, but a single page at a time, and the Ink was with the farmers his. opinion has never put on the type with two large buckskin balls lacked deference or power. A man of ster¬ stuffed with wool. The pressman who could ling integrity and honest motives, of strong print 200 sheets per hour upon such a press and vigorous notions touching the fitness of was counted an expert at the business. Now things, and of aggressive tendencies he has they have machines that will print six times that number in a minute. been the leader, the advocate and the Judge. Forty years ago Mr. Pauley, upon the ad¬ In his section of the State Mr. Pauley’s worth vice of Dr. Widney, his‘family physician, as a citizen has never suffered discount. commenced wearing glasses for the preserva¬ tion of his eyes, as he had to “work at the case” during the day and then do his reading and writing at night. The result has been that he has been in the dally use of spectacles for forty years past, and yet during all that time he has been able to pick up any news¬ paper of ordinary print and read it off with the nakea eye as well or better than most men of half his age, and can, and does still, take a “stick” at the “case” by W'ay of di¬ version, picking up type with ease and with¬ out glasses. W. H. ZL_j

m

W. T. H. PAULEY. W. T. H. Pauley was born in Youngs town* ship, Trumbull county (now Mahoning), Ohio, on February 6, 1820. His father, Thomas Pauley, was a farmer, and died of consump¬ tion in 1830. His mother, Sarah (Hays) Pau¬ ley, was a woman of more than ordinary in¬ telligence for that day, but of feeble constitu¬ tion. This induced her, after the death of her husband, in response to a pressing in¬ vitation from two brothers and two sisters living in Waynesburg, Greene county, to re. move to that place, and in February, 1832, with her three boys, the eldest of whom was but 14 years, she removed to Waynesburg. Here W. T. H. Pauley, the subject of this notioe, went info the Messenger office on May 14, 1833, to learn the art preservative, and served an apprenticeship of five years with Major John Irons, who was not only a most accomplished practical printer, but an editor of marked ability and a gentleman of the highest political and personal integrity. After learning his trade W. T. H. Pauley, in 1838, followed his mother and two brothers to Ox¬ ford, Butler county, Ohio, where he entered Miami University for a time, and at the end of four years returned to Waynesboro and be¬ From, M came foreman in the Messenger office, under Major James W. Hays, who had become pro¬ prietor of the paper. In the spring of 1844, Mr. Pauley visited Nashville, Tenn., and one of the proudest, in¬ cidents in bis life was his visit to the Her¬ mitage, and a very gratifying interview with the aged and honored hero of New Orleans, Date, In which he first heard the name of James K. 1 Polk suggested as the Democratic candidate for President at the election in 1841. During the summer of that year and In the heat or r

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THE WAR CORRESPONDENT AND THE DRAGOON. Mobat, : Stand in AvifU tlie Cavalry.

THE NATIONAL GUARt) OP luard.swaiiow-talTs^^ ervtl; PENNSYLVANIA. motley mess was swept out. The new organization si going by the Governor and the Legislature after 1877 W£ Two Chicago rioters who had their opinion of milit: based on one single idea, and that idea was not parade, bt were busy at unhindered destruction of other men’s pro] fight. Its main features were then as they are now. Tli erty some weeks ago, when a sudden and novel stillneS annual State appropriation of $320,000 is devoted excli in the air caught their attention, and they turned round sively to practical uses, and gives nobody a dress uniforrr TheyJ saw some dingyJ objectsjvvuw moving'' * “■ -* upI ' thewllv street.llS v" These! Thus___ _ _ it happened when we paraded in New York that 11 were United States troops, just come from fighting Indians.] untrained civilian on-lookers thought we appeared sha A »ey were duty^ and dogged, and looked straight aueadjby; but the officers of the regular army recognized that v ilie uoteis gazed at them a moment. “Lets you and i dftoo liad learned to carry no “bokays” in our guns. Of tl get out, said one of them to the other; “them fellers don’fiannual appropriation $500 goes to each company for mm carry bokays m their guns.” . _ Jtenance, $200 for armory rent, and $50 for target practic It seems that in our country the grim tonic of calamity A uniform was adopted at the outset, and the material is : alone avails to work a cure m many public ills. We had a1 sued in quantity, and made up by the respective compar militia m Pennsylvania m 1877 of long standing, splendid .r? pMtors. " The re^aTTppropria ~ ~- paper, and picturesque to see. Our sumptuous roster sweat-. - tion, while it coveredh --“hpiopiia blouses and ed with titles. We had twenty major-generals. We be- trousers and a few other neces¬ colonelled and bemajored each other copiously. One staff] sities, did not go far enough, and numbered more souls than were in the ranks. We wore]] swallow-tail coats with remarkable buttons, and our hats! in 1878 a special appropriation rode our heads like galleons from the Spanish Main. When | was also made for greatcoats, blanket - bags, haversacks, can¬ we paraded we were as formidable as a comic opera. Ones teens, and other equipment. This day we were needed for use, and it was discovered tl with all our beauty, we were harmless. Somebody had served until' and through the gotten to give us ammunition and things to eat. So we sa next great crisis in the history of for shelter in a round-house at Pittsburg, on the 17th the new Guard—another calamity, August, 1877, and the public enemy burned freight can more threatening than that of Presently some regulars came, and" the public enemy ran 1877, which was of inestimable away, noticing that the new-comers carried no “bokavs’ value in winning for the militia a in their guns. This ominous jar shook Pennsylvania awake,., live and intelligent support from and we saw how a horde of vermin had swarmed over our most people in Pennsylvania. body-social, and how we had been driven to ask outsidq, Public opinion needed its atten¬ help to knock the rats back into their holes. This misforJ tion called to the public enemy tune was wholesome medicine, and a new vigor rose in the| that was latent in our midst. In July, 1892, the rats came out M'e 1.80. B^IOtiie 'irst Regiment moved vith its train. So [did the Third, nine f men of the whole regi¬ ment roll being- absent. | One regiment had ev- lery officer and man | present, except a field- I officer, who was abroad Ion leave. Some of the I companies of one' reg- [iment in the Second [Bi-jgade are one hun- Idred and fifty miles [apart; one of these, I nine miles from a rail- [road, assembled there I four hours after receiv¬ ing orders. The cap- Itain of another eom- I pany was ill. His wife I hitched up the wagon land gathered the men herself. The Third Brigade received its orders about 12.80 a.m. jBefore the next mid- Iniglit that brigade was Idelivered at the place I of final concentration, Itwo hundred miles la way. Tlie National I Guard of Pennsylvania I reached its destination [thirty-two hours after [the first order was is- [ Sued with over 92 per | cent, of the men pres- over 96 per cent. present forty- hours later. The of the rnobili- was conducted both by the by the rail-g .OFFICERS, PENNSYLVANIA NATIONAL GUARD.

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7 j,:: Vi*1 EXTENDED-ORDER DRILL, IN SHIRT SLEEVES.

ui tuicii uuico a^tuLi. On Sunclayi, the 10th, at midnight, came the IP “worn, faded, unsightly, and obsolete.” The LegTslatui call for troops. The commanders ? listened to him, and the other day at Gettysburg the ne1 BlniKS equipment was to be seen, including the sorely needed shoe; of the three■- brigades,O-7 living-o-- hum -III J deeds of miles apart,anart. received their i Men were at Homestead who ended with their feet tied u '■•I . iu in rags. To see the ranks to-day, you would often suppos t,eiegrams--^>ne at 11.50 p.m., one after 12, and one at 3 in the morn¬ them regulars; the campaign hats, the leggings, look lik ing. BeiDg Sunday, the regulat business; and as you walk about you notice—symptom of more .thorough spirit—that men off duty salute an officer. telegraph offices were closed; be¬ The new order of things set going after 1877 by the Go\ ing the summer holidays, officers and men were scattered from Bar5 ernor and the Legislature was in its main features jrhat i .is now. The twenty major-generals were condensed, and s Harbor to Cape May; some were! were the five brigades. We have three brigades now, and fii in Europe, one on the Pacific] Ipoast. It was not a favorable!5 teen regiments; three troops of cavalry, three batteries, an pi our for concentration. The vaR (latest organized) two divisions of naval militia. Of course much is still inchoate—the signal corps, for instance. Th nous commanders got out of thei beds and sought the railroad wire general officers (one major-general and five brigadier-gen erals, of which there are at present actually three) are ap uy wic uuvcinui wiui l ui me penaie _ _,wayway stations, climbingcliml,?L into signal arms to the mob, or gave itheir1,1.' cartridges jto“ women“ f" boxes, routing their suDojrdinatcs up all over the fortydiv keepsakes* - as they-j marched up themo ooioot,street. Thejl IHJ HomesteaXlUIIictJtcy, thousand square miles of Pennsylvania. The colonel o trouble made citizens respect the militiaman, and the militis the First Regiment received his message at 2.30 a.m. a man respect himself. He now knows that the service h others were received at 4.45 and 8. None were r eceived be- f does is honorable and honored. Consequently the personm load that the troops appeared at Homestead neither when of our Guard improves all the time. And we have had a ne\ nor where they were expected. The rats were taken blA Vlsix-eial appropriation. surprise, but met the general with a brass band. He to The watchful and indefatigabl Id1"! |Adjutant-General--reported had r> that twelve years’ se.rvic them he had not come there to listen to serenades. On thisjjlPf had MJPIhad__— renderedrendered| _____ou the greatcoats,greal blanket-bags, and so forthm various attempts were made to fraternize with the soldiers mm the to disaffect them, to induce them to desert, and vile abuse™ ” .GoJerno£s approval, appoint officers of tl was heaped on the general, of course. In fact, during thei ivjsmn and bngade staffs ; field-officers are elected by ofl ensuing days the rats, by threats, incendiary pamphlets, and: ceis of regiment or battalion; and company officers fay the all methods, clearly showed the sort of rats that they were . 7s )or bve ye.ars- tb«r commissions subject to ih Up till now they had driven owners from their property | ppioval of an examining board in each brigade Th mai treated prisoners, shot those sent to disperse them, and I ?mPP°‘”t3 Lis sta® adjutant-general, quartermaste established an advisory committee superior to the civil law genesai, and surgeon-general with consent of the Senate otnei officers of his staff he appoints absolutely, and other IihT1DS>Fersonal libVty> and providing a censorship of' tile § press. They now undertook assassination. ments 6 ff'rl If-th® bea.ds of theil' respective depart On the 23d. of July news came that the manager of th ments^ . lhe First Brigade is in and about Philadelphia th twoiks was killed. Ike crisis at that moment was ver Second in the western part of the State, and the Third in th igrave. No man knew what would come next in Pennsy' iftatirm a?d,.easte!n’ A military map indicates minutely th vama. The camp was unsettled, and the men were therein Ration of all companies, troops, batteries; regiment, brigade ordered to their tents. It was at this moment that a private "division, and staff headquarters; and there is besides this i proposed “three cheers for the man who shot Frick,” and 86K,Hf ?',e “I f0l;“ of “« was, (» IfflS refused to retract the words when requested to do so bv h bas mci eased. At the recent encampment 8691 superior officer. 1 he prompt dealing with this contempt!bl; weie piesent, men and officers, which did not include th naval battalion, then on sea duty ; 63 were absent mutineer (he had previously gone to sleep on post, and in1 war-time would have been already shot for that) probably percentage computed present of the possible total ’wasRn averted the disaster of having1 to order one part of tlie force digious. I learned that 7 of the 63 absentees belonged t ,to fire on the other. The manner of his punishment raised the First City Troop, which numbers 58. Thinking th x hysterical storm from the ignorant and the vicious; it was; proportion over, it seems so odd that I should wish to kno- )f course upheld by every light-minded citizen,’by thei more about ilie enlistment papers and discharges in th xrmy, and b}f a civil court of law. To be sure, one conspic-1 various companies before asserting here that 99A per cem jious soldier prematurely termed the discipline “ imehris I of our Guard was present at Gettysburg. Viewing also ou ' lan.” But one who knows General Howard and his man-1 system of returns, I. have the same hesitation in quotin lei- of regarding things understands this. So the private had I■ the remarkable percentage of sharp-shooters and qualifie. mlf his head shaved, and was drummed out of the regiment, l&f1 1 marksmen. o the tune of the “Rogue’s March,” and lost his suit for as-® Nevertheless, Camp Crawford was a camp with a ver 'ault and battery, and got much sympathy from the rats and darge attendance. Headquarters (stuff and division) lay oi he philanthropists. Homestead was the wholesomest lesson die rebel ridge, and behind it the Second Brigade To th. nice the Pittsburg round-house. Calamity continued its Hit—near where Pickett started—was the First Brigade • t< Plication of the public. It showed the militia its strength 'the left, the Third. Opposite, but far off and to the right nd its weaknesses; it drilled the railroad so that to-day the along Cemetery Ridge, were the State artillery and cavalry ail road can go through the motions almost undirected; it if1111 the troop and battery of regulars still further along night the community what an essential person the ignored wards Little Round Top. Yet, with the very large parade xldier is, and it disconcerted the public enemy. The rats ■ground, the division was cramped for space in the grand re s soon as peace was restored, sent a deputation to Harris’, view on Thursday. There was ample room for drill. Re¬ irg to compass, if possible, the abolition of the National} veille was at 5 a.m., and each day bv that time the General uard.usml. That is a significant;significant fjirtfact, andnn/1 citizensmtwAnn should take! Commander was in the saddle, and no man knew where he in connection with the recent refusing a labor delegate 1 might not turn up. Once he caught a roll-call in prom-ess om Springfield to Boston his credentials on the ground! |and the officer in bed. It, was had luck, but good experience at he belonged to the militia. Vigilance is the price off Bad weather prevented drilling till the third afternoon • but Jerty not only from foreign but domestic foes. I have] on Wednesday the First Brigade’s smooth drill showed what id a recent experience in California—not relevant here admirable schooling the men had had, and during the last ve for comparison—and Sacramento in ’94 was worse than days drills of all sorts and sizes were going on. As a small ttsburg in ’77; no Pennsylvania troops ever handed their instance, extended-order drill in some companies had been £omme|itgl on as unsatisfactory, the officers beiim still con f fuswTTjy llieir memory of the old 1 actios. I saw some boys in gray flannel shirts ceaselessly driving at this one morning- in the hot sun, while near by the cavalry was profiting by the precept and example of that admirable F. Troop of the • Seventh United States Cavalry. Their presence was a plea- I sure and a benefit. It is a pity that certain papers hastened to exaggerate some school-boy tricks of these men. With Chicago and Sacramento still fresh, this is peculiarly not the time to misrepresent the soldier. Battery E, Third United States Artillery, well horsed, and pretty as the turn¬ ing wheels of it clock, was also on hand, ready to be of use lorornament— and it was both. I wish we had worked these well-wishing regulars harder. Ceremonials were many. But some critics forget that ceremony is good for the soldier, THE ABLE STATE dignifying his profession to him. Moreover, while the re¬ view looked like a pageant, that splendid formation of the division, where every man of the 8800 fell into place like a SENATE OF 1861 machine, showed we know how to handle large bodies of troops. Without inspections and reviews, how test the re¬ EX-SENATOR LOUIS W. HALL RECALLS sults of previous work ? It has been suggested that more jlield service could have been learned, and somebody besides THE FIRST DEBATE ON THE WAR. one army officer (and me bis echo) should tell those boys not jto pitch their tents so wide. Don’t yon know that wet can¬ vas shrinks, and ropes tear out of holes ? NEARLY ALL HAVE PASSED AWAY Nevermind. Some two dozen officers of the regular army came to see, and seeing, said, “Those boys can take care It Was tlie Ablest State Senate That f themselves.” And truly that splendid review, that mov¬ Ever Met in Pennsylvania—The House ing soldier sea, its waves advancing in column of battalions, eautiful straight lines drawn with horses and men as with Also Contained an Unusual Sumber ruler and pencil, the colors, the drifting music, and silent of Distinguished Men—Tlie Elrst De¬ above the living the monuments of the dead—Gettysburg, hate on the Issue of the War—A you brought the emotions near the surface! Battle Royal Between Senators Welsh The Adjutant-General told me it was circumstances, not and McClure, Who Were Then Chair¬ men, that had done this. Pooh! He knows better. Hart- ranft after 1877, our Governor (in spite of an over-cautious men of Their Respective Party State use of troops), and himself to-day, with many others, have Committees—The Senate Voted by an profited by circumstances. Did circumstances give us that Overwhelming Majority in Favor of excellent hospital drill? Have they brought the Third Loyal Support of the Government. Regiment into the improved tone for which ils colonel is ^congratulated? And who taught the Second that soldierly endurance of inexcusable discomfort at breaking camp? There are yet many among the living who Was it the Quartermaster-General or circumstances that got recall the memorable Legislature of 1861. people and things to Homestead? If any one needsa model Mr. Lincoln had been elected President and for a mess, look at the china, the clean knives, and the the secession of the Southern States had be¬ kitchen of Company E of the Tenth; the whole Second gun. Pennsylvania, being a border State, Brigade was well policed—streets clean, sinks odorless; and and therefore much more exposed to the I laughed too well at the “Hoodoo Guard,” Company F of perils of war than most of the Northern the Third, not. to think such lighter doings a help in pro¬ States, occupied a peculiarly delicate and re¬ moting a good spirit. These things all mean a good man sponsible position, and the discussion in the somewhere. Senate on the just relations of the State to No; circumstances make and men take opportunities. sister States and to the Union was one of the Calamity has schooled Pennsylvania to a sane and sound soberest that has ever been had in a legisla¬ idea about militia; men have acted on that idea. Calamity tive body iu Pennsylvania. This State was in Chicago, California, and elsewhere inis lately cured many he first to define the attitude of the North¬ diseased opinions concerning our regular army. Its Gen¬ ern States on the grave issue of rebellion al¬ eral-Commander himself admitted that he had changed ready inaugurated in the South, and her po¬ his mind, and that the army should be larger. I am glad sition was one of entirely exceptional re¬ the general has changed his mind; it is quite a surprise. sponsibility. Had her authorities erred by The average American knows nothing and cares nothing rashness they would have fanned the flame about the dangers that threaten Ins country — until they of rebellion; and had they erred by over¬ [touch his pocket. Recently a manufacturer turned mili- caution they would have inspired rebellion ! tinmen out of his employ for absence at the encampment., all tlie same. It was these conditions that land thousands in this country are like him. So. long as led to the important debate that is remem¬ 6 the average American business man can walk unimpeded bered by all who had knowledge of it as one [between liis house and his office and make money, riots are of the most serious and impressive ever had nothing to him. He sits within the magic .circle of his dollar, as cynical and selfish as that other imbecile who in the Pennsylvania Legislature. fiddled while his town was burning. It remains to be seen Of the thirty-three members of the Senate if, like Pennsylvania in a small way, the United States in a in 1861 all of the. living can be counted on I large way has had a sufficiently severe lesson to place a the fingers of one hand. Hon. Louis W. correct value upon the soldier. If not, may we have one Hall, long a leading member of the Harris¬ soon—before, what with the Debses, the Waites, the Alt- burg bar. but then a resident of and Senator gelds, the Pennoyers, and the Markhams, we are become from Altoona, was the youngest member of altogether rotten. Owen Wxster. the body when he entered the Senate in Jan¬ uary, 1S60, although he was called to the. ' 11

Speaker's chair before the close of his term. Congress.relative to the surrender of fugi¬ (He is one of the very few survivors of that tive slaves. Prominent Democrats in the (memorable tody, and • a representative of North, including the leaders of that party in Try: Times found him a few days ago quietly the Pennsylvania Legislature of 1861, sus¬ jesting with his family at Capo May. Al¬ tained the contention of their brothers in the though he has led a most active life in public South as to these charges. Mr. Welsh, the affairs and in his profession for the full period recognized leader of his party in the Senate, pf a generation, he has preserved all the vigor, boldly asserted that there were laws on the Sprightliuess and elasticity of youth, but he statute book of the State in direct conflict is far enough advanced in life’s journey to with acts of Congress, which State laws he make it interesting for him to live in the held to be unjust and unconstitutional. The past. In an oif-hand chat about olden times times were indeed eventful. Mr. Lincoln’s lie spoke of the Senate of 1861 as the ablest' election was but a pretext long sought for. legislative body that ever met in the State. He did not mean that there were not as able At this time the Senate of 1861 was con¬ men in every Senate that has met since that vened. It was a great Senite, and now, (time, but that no one Senate ever before or thirty-three years after its work was done, since contained such a large proportion of when three-fourths of the thirty-three men the ablest debaters of the Commonwealth. who composed it are dead, a brief reference Speaking of the momentous times of 18G1 to the body by one who figured inconspicu¬ and the Legislature of that period. Mr. Hall ously in its history may not be void of in¬ said: “The Legislature of 1861 convened at terest. McClure, of Franklin, was the recog¬ nized leader of his party and of the Senate. a most momentous period. The House con¬ tained many strong men—men who would With handsome person, polished and attract¬ [have adorned any representative body. ive manner, in the very prime of his physical Thomas Williams, of Allegheny; Gideon J. and mental powers, an uncommonly fine speaker, thoroughly posted- and never at a Ball, of Erie; Butler B. Strang, of Tioga; loss for word or argument, the Senator from Elisha Davis, of Venango; Linn Bartholo¬ Franklin was a born leader of men. Sur¬ mew, of Schuylkill; William H. Armstrong, rounded on his side by Finney, of Crawford ; pf Lycoming; Thomas Osterhout, of Wyom¬ Penny, of Allegheny; Laurence, of Wash¬ ing; Henry W. Tracy, of Bradford; Lewis ington; London, of Bradford; Ketebam, of Luzerne; Bound, of Northumberland; Pughe, of Luzerne; Charles D. Brodhead, of Palmer, of Schuylkill; Gregg, of Centre, and Monroe; John H. Hill, of Montgomery; Wil¬ others whose names I do not just now recall, liam T. Schafer, of Chester; Harvey, of Del¬ the Republicans of that Senate were ably aware ; Isaac Sheppard and Charles F. Ab¬ led. William H. Welsh, of York, and bott, of Philadelphia; Alexander C. Mullen, Heister Clymer, of Berks, were the spokes¬ of Cambria, and James C. Austin, of Fulton, men for the Democrats, and right well did were among the notable men of that remark¬ they hold up their end of the line. Welsh was able House. But it is of the Senate of 1861 bright, quick and a good controversialist, that I am asked to talk, and no stronger legis¬ cool, full of facts and figures, seldom losing lative body ever met. his temper, and with pleasing address and “The legislation of the year touching the polished manner. But Clymer, Heister Cly¬ national interests of the State, regulating its mer, of Berks, was the beau ideal of his party internal commerce^ enabling the Common¬ in the State. Not unlike McClure in com¬ wealth and its great commercial emporium to manding presence and splendid physique, he compete with other Commonwealths and had a fine voice and a ready tongue. There itheir great cities for Western trade, was vital. were few men more popular with their party If the bill passed a generation ago, repealing than the Berks county leader. thetax upon the tonnage of the Pennsylvania _ Railroad, had not been enacted the great “ The debate on the resolutions instructing State would not have prospered as she has the Senate to inquire whether we had any [done. For the tax was upon the industry laws upon the statute book of Pennsylvania and the business of the people; on the ton¬ jin conflict with or obstructing the faithful nage of our farms and mines. The railroad [has added many hundreds of millions of execution of any laws of the Federal govern- dollars to the taxable property along its line, ment, or the decisions of its courts, was both pnd no more beneficent legislation was ever lucid and able. Welsh, Clymer and the Dem¬ passed than the bill to repeal the tonnage tax ocrats of that day held that such laws were of the Pennsylvania Bailroad. upon the statute books of the State. Mc- Clure’s speech, delivered in the Senate on the “But, above and beyond questions of in¬ lltn January, 1861, was a marvelously able ternal policy, the extraordinary condition of ✓ presentation of his side of the question, and there can be no doubt that it was of great ser- national affairs required the immediate atten¬ vice in both Pennsylvania and the whole of tion of the Legislature. Mr. Lincoln had the North in the days that speedily followed, been elected President at the preceding elec¬ the Franklin Senator demonstrated that tion. All through the South this was made there were no personal liberty laws to he re¬ the pretext for secession. South Carolina on pealed, that Pennsylvania had long before [December 20. 1860, through its convention met the full measure of the demand of the organized under the authority of its Legis¬ Southern States by giving up her jails for the" lature, declared the Union dissolved, and detention of fugitive slaves. Ho scored the; several other Southern States gave indica¬ Senators from Berks and York for the pro-1 tions of their intention to do the same thing. nounced apology Tor treason at a time when' Governor Packer’s annual message was revolution was running riot in the far South¬ largely made up of a statement of the extra¬ ern States, and while the nation’s life was ordinary and alarming condition of national trembling in the balance. He eloquently, 1 pfFairs, which, he said, demanded legislation and with tremendous force, told the Senate at once. The seceding States, led by South : that treason could not be crushed with an Carolina, asserted their right to withdraw apology, admitting that it was just. He from the Union, because, they alleged, some demonstrated beyond controversy that Penn¬ of the Northern States, Pennsylvania in¬ sylvania had never been faithless. ‘Her cluded, had enacted laws nullifying acts of [ history is unstained by a single act of injus¬ tice to a sister State.’ ‘‘The debate ended. The great speech of those who looked prospectively to the McClure waslbefore the Senate. All felt that great nation destined to arise in this fair ; talk was over, that there was nothing more land, the fruitage of centuries of struggle, ! to be said. The responsibility of the crime was not upon Pennsylvania. A dismembered the hope of the world and the rallying j Union was not to be prevented by a continued point of popular government and of free-1 apology for traitors. The South was respon¬ sible to posterity and to God. The vote was dom of thought and opinion—for that was quickly called and as quickly given, and the all involved in the contest then waging, Senate by a nearly unan ous vote stood by if France and Roman Catholicism had the record of tho great Commonwealth.” held the North American continent west of the Alleghenies, and cod fined the ! English and Protestants to the narrow strip along the Atlantic coast the whole I oourse of civilisation would have been (•'Y... C ?< / changed and a government of the people, j by the people, for the people would have had no existence. The great English, minister, Pitt, with a full perception of, the importance of the issue, determined ’ FORBES’ EXPEDITION that the French were to be driven from j the St. Lawrence and the Lakes and the AGAINST FGRT DUQUESNE IN 1758. Mississippi Valley. And the whole pow- j er of Great Britain and the colonies was A Spirit-Stirring Account of au O’d Hero— to be exercised, in a series of military op- j John Hoyle Shot for Desertion in Bed¬ erations, to that end. If France had then ford—John Falconer Flogged. had as able a prime minister as Pitt the There has lately been brought to light result might have been different. from the papers on file in the state depart¬ One of the points aimed at by Pitt was ment at Washington, among the MSS. the eapture of Ft. Duquesne. As early of George Washington, a copy, in the as 1748 some gentlemen of the province handwriting of Washington, of the order of Virginia had organized a company to .book of General John Forbes containing establish settlements on the upper Ohio | ‘orders issued during the oampaign of 1758 aud procured a grant from the Brit- [ against Ft. Duquesne, from the 21st of ish government of a large body of land.1 September to the 24th of November. Lawrence and Augustine Washington j Most of these orders were dated in the were interested in this enterprise. Chris- r camp near Riystown. topher Gist, an agent of this compan y, Dr. J. W. Toner, of Washington city, made a journey to examine and report on | who has already published Washington’s the timber, land, etc., in the fall of 1751, i ! Journal as a Surveyor,and the Journal of starting from the home of Thomas Cresap: his Voyage to the Barbadoes, with extend¬ at a point near Oldtown, Maryland. Ia ed notes, full of interest and historic 1752 he held a counsel with the Ohiot value, is about to publish a third volume of Indiana and procured their consent to the Washingtoniana, containing these orders erection of a fort and town at McKee’s with full explanatory notes. Rocks at the mouth of Ghartiers creek, a j After the sanguinary defeat of Brad- few miles below Pittsburg, which how- : dock in 1755 it took three years to arouse ever was regarded as inferior in natural I Great Britain and her colonies to another advantages to the Forks of the Ohio, and 'effort to drive the French from the impor¬ consequently that point was selected, and j tant point where Pittsburg now stands, Captain Trent’s company of about one a hive of industry and a monarch of trade, hundred men began there the erection of ! the acknowledged centre of the iron and a fort in the spring of 1754. The steel manufactories of the country, with a French in four weeks arrived and population ofhalf a million of sturdy peo¬ captured the place and erected Ft. ple, (including the environing neighbor¬ Duquesne. And in July of that year a j hood) in which the great state of Pennsyl¬ French force of nine.hundred men under vania may well feel a glow of pride. It De Villieres compelled Washington with 1 was then a mere spot in the wilderness, ; three hundred men, then en route j but its importance to the future of the to reinforce Captain Trent, to sur- I country was apparent to the vision of render at the Great Meadows. July 0, 1 1755, General Braddock with an army of J 1,200 men advanced to attack the fort, but A lieutenant, sergeant and fifteen men waa defeated and killed at the mouth of at the same distance on the Warrior’s Turtle creek by the french and Indians path leading to Frankstown. under Coutrecoeur. A lieutenant, sergeant and fifteen In the renewed effort to capture Ft. men at about an equal distance between Duquesne no mistakes were to be made these two posts. There was to be gathered under a compe- A captain, sergeant and twenty- |tent general a competent army which five men at the riverside on the' would do sure work. And so, in 1758, great road leading to the Crossings of the; there congregated at the small Indian [Juniata. A like detachment on the roadj trading village of Raystown, near where to Ft. Cumberland, and a detachment Bedford now stands, an army of seven between the road to Ft. Cumberland and thousand men to be led by Brigadier Gen- B tbo road to the Juniata Crossings, and be¬ eral John Forbes. Pitt, who made the tween the road to Ft. Cumberland and selection, doubtless knew the man. He the road to the Shawneese Cabin. was forty-eight years of age—a Scotch¬ They were directed to find and open man by birth. The precise and particular > paths of communication from post to details of his aatecedent career are hard post along which they were to patrol to gather up. Newspaper sketches and pic day and night, stopping all stragglers, tures which make indiscriminately heroes soldiers and others, going or coming to of everybody who does anything, and of camp without proper passes. Upon all many who do not, were not then in suspicious paths between the posts they vogue. And Forbes died soon after, and were to have double sentries to narrowly so has passed almost into obscurity. Ap¬ watch whatever passed, and if any scout¬ pleton’s American Encyclopedia contains ing party of the enemy appeared they no notice of him. But he was no common were to return towards their next posts, man—a trained soldier of nerve, and grit firing their pieces in order to give the and pluck—with a will of iron—and the alarm. capacity to handle men. If nothing else The provost marshal was required by [showed it, this order book would. this order to go the rounds twice a Forbes arrived at Raystown on the 21st day to prevent all rioting, gaming and t- jof September. A large part of the army disorderly conduct, and to examine the [had during the months of May and June sutlers and stall-keepers.and their weights concentrated there and was under the and measures and to see that the camp command of Colonel Henry Bouquet. He was kept clean and free of all dead car¬ did not get there one whit too soon. Mat¬ casses and diseased horses. Certain wo¬ ters were very far from being in good men suspected to be infected with a dis¬ shape in the camp near Raystown. temper were ordered to the hospital and Colonel John Armstrong writes to Secre¬ the most precise and particular sanitary tary Peters under date of October 3. regulations were enjoined. And the The general came here at a critical and same order constituted a general court seasonable juncture. He is weak, but martial of which Colonel Mercer was his spirits are good and his head clear. president, to convene the next morning,

* * * Colonel Bouquet is a very service¬ the 23rd of September,at 8 o’clock, to try able and useful man,notwithstanding had | deserters and other offenders. the general not come up, the oonsequences t Within twenty-four hours eight sol- would have been dangerous.”—3rd Vol. I liters were convicted of desertion. John of Penn’a Archives, p 551. Immediately Falconer, of a Maryland regiment, was on Forbes’ arrival the eamp was picketed adjudged to receive nine hundred lashes ; at eight points, and patrolled night and Abraham Freehold, of a Pennsylvania day by a general order dated September regiment, five hundred lashes, and 22. Charles Rose, of the North Carolina A captain, a sergeant and twenty-five company, five hundred lashes. General men were to take post about a mile from Forbes approved these sentences and • camp on the great road leading towards' ordered them to be carried out the next the Shawneese Cabin, farther or nearer afternoon at 5 o’clock upon the grand to the camp as the nature of the ground parade, where all the pickets were or¬ or the ease of communication with the dered to attend. These whippings were camp would permit lor the benefit of the pickets. There ■■ must be no more slinking out of camp. ., v , ■ )L. '4c John Hanna, of the First Virginia prisoners in the fort ana me different corps are to send for them accordingly.! regiment, Thomas Williams, of the Mary¬ General Forbes evidently understood land regiment, Benjamin Murphy and f Salatiel Nichilson, of the North Caro¬ human nature well. lina company, and John Doyle,of Captain The detail of the guard shows there were Patterson’s company of the Pennsylvania at that date at Raystown the Highlanders, oattalion, were adjudged to suffer death. the 1st and 2nd Virginians, and the 3rd battalion of Pennsylvanians. And in issu¬ Of those sentenced to death all were par¬ ing the orders the general always classifies doned on the petition of the officers of them in that way—the Highlanders first, their respective regiments, except John the Virginians next and the Pennsylva¬ Doyle, who was shot to death at seven o’clock on the morning of the 24th. The nians last, pickets were ordered in to see hipi exe¬ Friday, September 29, 1758, Colonel Washington is the officer of the day. By cuted. Swift work this! It was a memorable, general order it is provided that the com¬ manding officers of the corps shall pro¬ day in the “Camp near Raystown.’ cure bullocks feet from which they are to Punishment lagged with no leaden heel. No desertions, doubtless, after that. It cause oil to be made for the men whom they are to see always provided with it. was severe, but necessary. Severity in This was for use on the feet of the sol¬ the particular was mercy to the whole. diers in view of the march of the army In the general orders of the 28th of for Loyal Hannon which was about to September, the general says: As the late example of Doyle who was shot to death take place. Saturday, September 30, 1758, the gen¬ for desertion by the sentence of the gen¬ eral order called for “Divine service to¬ eral court martial, and the clemency morrow, as usual.” The three troops of shown the others, will, it is hoped, have Light Horse are ordered to practice firing a good effect upon the rest of the army with small cartridges upon horseback and in preventing the scandalous and infam¬ any of the horsemen who at any time are ous crime of desertion by which they seen to ride faster than a walk (without bring ruin to themselves and show their particular orders) will be severely pumsh- endeavors of betraying their country to their enemies, the general therefore flat¬ 1 Monday, October 4, 1758, a captain, ters himself that there will be no such two subordinates and fifty men of the thing for the future, and that though he Pennsylvania regiment are ordered to is sensible that the man have gone through march to-morrow as an escort to Colonel a great deal of fatigue during this cam¬ Bouquet to Loyal Hannon, one lieutenant, paign, yet the remainder being so short one sergeant and thirty men of theTh- and the advance posts of the army al¬ battalion of Pennsylvanians to march most at the enemy’s nose, the general morrow morning at guard mounting with therefore, with great confidence, depends a proportion of tools to repair the road to upon the men’s alacrity and steadiness in Loyal Hannon—the officer to receive his carrying on the rest of the service that instructions from Colonel Mercer. we may show the enemy the danger of \ detachment of artillery to march for rousing Britons flred and animated with Loyal Hannon upon Friday next to be love of their king and country. He escorted by all the troops belonging to therefore entreats and recommends to the! the Pen nsy Ivan ia reg i meats and compan¬ whole that considering the few numbers1 ies of the lower counties in camp. This re¬ our army consists of and the many labor- fers to the three counties now constitut¬ ious and fatiguing steps that are yet to be ing the state of Delaware, but then a part executed, that every one in his station will contribute all in his power to the of Pennsylvania. By a general order at Raystown, Tues forwarding of the service with alacrity day, October 10. 1758, General Forbes and pleasure, as every one must be sen¬ repeats his order that no person whatever, sible that a good understanding and a either in the army or following it, shall mutual cement of hearts and hands willj give an Indian any spirituous liquors upon most certainly be the surest means of a any account whatever-if an officer he completion to all our wishes—that is,suc¬ shall be tried for disobedience of orders cess over our euemies and the support if a soldier he shall suffer the severest and prosperity of these provinces. The corporal punishment-if a sutler he shall general is pleased to release all the have his goods plundered arfd bo driimm- have been more to their taste. ’ ed out of camp, and any person who is found to buy or exchange or receive in A general order provides that General any shape from an Indian any of the Forbes will review the line to-morrow ? presents made them by His Majesty forenoon at 12 o’clock and the quarter¬ j shall be deemed equally guilty. No masterj is this afternoon to appoint a prop¬ trading liquor to Indians after that at er field for that purpose. Bedford, nine hundred lashes would be Saturday, November 4, by general order a jgood persuader. Friday, October 13, it is stated that Brigadier General Forbes 1758, the First Virginians marched for was extremely well pleased with the ap¬ Loyal Hannon under command of Col- | pearance of the troops made this day [onel Washington. Camp at Shawneese '> and returns the officers and soldiers his Cabin, Saturday, October 14, an order ! most hearty thanks. He is extremely sen¬ (evidently by Colonel Washington, directs -j sible of the difficulties and labors they I that all officers may put on what dress | have already undergone and is no less so they think proper to-morrow. The ' of the approaching season of the year with camps of the First Virginians were at Ed- all their wants, but as a short time will muods Swamp Sunday, October 15; at £ put an end to the campaign he hopes E Stony Creek October 16; at Muddy Run their spirit and zaal for the honor of their Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, Oc- < king and country will animate every indi-1 tober 17, 18 and 19; Friday, October vidual to go forward with unanimity and I 20, at White Oak Ridge; Saturday, [steadiness which cannot fail to gain them * October 21, at the S. E. side of Laurel tk® reward due to good soldiers and lovers Hill; October 22, at the N. W. side of [ of the cause they are so justly employed |» Laurel Hill ; October 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, in. He knew how to stimulate by praise j. and 28, at Loyal Hannon. J as well as to intimidate by punishment. ’I Sunday, October 29,1758, at Loyal Han¬ A general order at Loyal Hannon, || non a general order by Colonel Biuquet, Thursday, November 9, 1758, providesv who was in chief command—General that the troops shall be under arms to-ifl! [Forbes remained at Riystown—provides, morrow at 11 o’clock to fire volleys at 12 ’fc “Divine service this afternoon at 3 o’clock o’clock in honor of His Majesty’s birthday, j; if the weather permits.” Loyal Hannon, to be performed in the following manner : Friday, November 3, 1758—All the pris¬ The artillery to begin with seven can¬ oners of the different corps to parade im¬ non followed by the Marylanders and mediately upon the grand parade in order North Carolinians who are to make one to cut firing for the general; this meant fire ! volley ; 2nd, the 1st battalion of Pennsyl wood for General Forbes, who arrived that |j|| j vanians ; 3rd, the Highlanders ; 4th, the day from Ft. Bedford, sick with dysintery, lst Virginian regiment; 5th, the Royal|- as he had been for months. He was taken Americans ; 6th, the 2nd battalion off sick in July at Carlisle aud traveled ou a j Pennsylvanians ; 7th, the lst Virginian litter swung between two horses. This regiment; to be performed three times by [ 1 each corps. order provides that the general’s levee Loyal Hannon, November 12, 1758— hour shall be every day at 12 o’clock, " A detachment of 480 men under Colonel and states that the general is highly William Byrd to march at reveille beat¬ satisfied with the behavior of the troops ing to the ground where the skirmish was this campaign and in consideration of last evening to inter the dead bodies. the coldness of the weather and the A detachment of 960 men under Colonel fatigue they have to go through is pleas¬ Armstrong to march at 8 o’clock with two ed to allow every man a gill of spirits per days’ provisions. [day whilst It can be provided, and ln Loyal Hannon, November 14, by gen¬ case it should fall short a further supply | eral order the forces are divided into is expected—the quartermasters are there- 1 three brigades, to be commanded by Col¬ fore to give to the king’s commissary a onels Bouquet, Montgomery and Wash¬ daily return of the number of men they = ington, who are to act as brigadiers. The have fit for duty that they may receive a s right to be commanded by Colonel Wash¬ gill of spirits each which they are to see \ ington, to consist of the First Virginia mixt with water before they deliver it. | regiment, two companies of artificers,* the Prudent General Forbes ! A rather mild tipple for some of those old Scotch t Carolinians, the Marylanders and the com¬ panies from the three lower counties of ■ Irish. Doubtless a pint unwatered would Ik - ■ Pennsylvania. The centre to be com- serve and fbrmasecdnd line behind their landed by Colonel Montgomery and to| brigades. In case the enemy appears the consist of the Highlanders and 2nd Vir¬ line of battle to be formed in single ranks, ginia* regiment. The left to be com leaving a distance of one hundred and1 manded by Colonel Bouque t and to con¬ fifty yards between the first and second r sist of the three Pennsylvania battalions lines, with the right and left wings ad vane-; commanded the 1st by Colonel John ed more than the centre in order to sur- j Armstrong, the 2nd by Colonel James round the enemy. Captain Bosumworth j Burd and the 3rd by Colonel Hugh Mer¬ and Lieutenant Arthur 8t. Clair to act as cer, and the Royal Americans. The re¬ aids de camp to General Forbes. The serve to consist of 200 Highlanders, 200 quartermaster general and 500 men to Second Virginians and 200 Pennsylva¬ march at break of day to reconnoitre and i nians. The First brigade to march early open the road. The army to follow atj the next morning (15th November), the 7 o’clock. The Light Horse to push out 2nd, at one o’clock and the 3rd, later in and if they found the fort abandoned! the afternoon, each with provisions for to take possession of it. eight days—the tents to be left pitched Here ends the.order '009k. with one half the camp kettles and a suit¬ They found the fort abandoned and I able guard detached from each corps to took possession without, a struggle. protect them. Ammunition to be careful- j One cannot but have a feeling of half re¬ ly examined-forty-four rounds for each gret that they did not find a foe to con-J man, with three spare flints, two horses test. General Forbes in ant business! for each hundred men—the commanding and had his army ia good shape and un¬ officers of each corps to take only the der complete control. He made no sucht men they can most depend on. No wo¬ mistakes as Braddock hid made three| men to march with Brigadier "W ashing- years before or as Major Grant made by his[ • ,• r| ton’s division. . advance and attack of the 14th Septem¬ The next orders were issued as follows ber which resulted ia so bloody a rout] Camp at Chestnut Ridge, November and retreat. 15; camp near Bushy run, November Sick as be was, he was clear hea led, 16 ; camp at Bullock camp , November courageous, vigilant, prudent, self-pos 17 ; new camp, November 18 ; camp near sessed p.nd determine!, witu a will ofl Turtle Creek, November 19; camp across iron, thoroughly master of his profes¬ Turtle creek, November 22. The men sion, a reil general, the man for the oo- were directed to lay on their arms that Icasion ; no doubt ably supported by; night and to observe the greatest silence Washington, Bouquet and Montgomery. and the officers were directed to examine I count them as they should be ranked,! the arms and ammunition before every with Washington first. ITorbes in n*m- ] march, and to see that everything is ing the brigadiers when he reconstructed ready for immediate action, making the his army by the general order of Novem-j men open their touch holes and prime her 14 places them Bouquet, M. mtgomery afresh, etc. and Washington, Tnis was doubtless be¬ Bouquets camp, November 23. no cause the others were king’s offlsersand soldier to go beyond the chain of sentries Washington was a provincial. But it is to water horses without having his fire easy to see in the subsequent orders that look in his hand—all the axes for felling Washington stood first ia his mind and timber to be fresh ground—the greatest , Colonels John Armstrong and Hugh silence to be observed in camp and troops Mercer, and James Burd and William to be extremely alert upon their posts. Byrd, all older mm, were passed ove1-, In case of an alarm at night to retire fifty and Washington, then only twenty-six i yards behind their camp fires and lay years of age, and probably the youngest down in regular order on their bellies— field officer of his almy, was put in com- and the troops to be under arms at break maud of a brigade. Forb-a read men I well. He discerned in the tall, manly, I Bouquets camp, November 24, 1758— grave, reserved, dignified young Virgin¬ The army to march in three divisions ian, whom he had met for the first time 1 each brigade in four columns, eight Light on the 22nd of September, the true stuff, Horse at the head of each column-the 1st and 3rd brigades to be disposed as flank-;, of which heroes are made. And it the I French and their Indian allies had been ers marching abreast—the fourth part there to battle, a good account would of each brigade to compose a corps of re ."IfSKH— have been rendered on that 24th day of to a November,, 1758,--, and the ignominyiguvmiU)' ofUi ft brigadier general to take command ' the defeat of Braddock and of Grant of the expedition against Quebec. would have been wiped out in a decided r Washington carefully copied his order . victory. book, and no doubt under him in this But the fort was deserted. Disap- vVC campaign learned much of the art of war pointed by the result of the summer he was afterward to make so grandly campaign and abandoned to a great ex¬ available in the struggle for American tent by their Iadim allies, the French independence. It is not unlikely that he had withdrawn and the English entered I had Forbes’ prompt and determined tak¬ unopposed to a bloidless triumph on the ing hold of the camp at Raystown, the morning of the 25th. execution of John Doyle and the flog¬ -General Forbes worn out by fatigue ging of Falconer in his mind when he !jand exposure and emaciated by disease ^ braced himself to the discharge of the sad was immediately prostrated. He had duty of executing Major Andre. .been supported by a determined will, and Forbes was a sincerely devout man. n >w, the crisis passed and the strain re¬ He held religious services every Sabbath, laxed, he lay a helpless physical wreck and he recognized God’s controlling for a week or more at Pittsburg, which providence in his letters to Governor he named after England’s great prime Denny. More than once he says “if it I lminister, Ft. Pitt, and was then taken in should please God to graut us success.” a litter to Philadelphia, where he died in - He was a temperate man and a promoter March of the next year, of temperance, as his order for the daily j A 8!id end this to a stirring life—the gill of whisky mixt with water, with ■ opportunity for fame snatched from his 1 which he no doubt astonished those grasp—no chance to blend his name Scotch and Scolch-Irish veterans, shows. with a great victory. And so he passed Governor Denny speaks in the highest if away into comparative oblivion. terms of his zeal, bravery and prudence, jl ’ No county or city, not even a town- 9 Colonel Armstrong is profuse in his I ship, is called by his name in all this praise. He inspired confidence and com- 1 vast and magnificent domain which his manded the highest respect. skill and nerve and valor aided in wrest-!: His name ought to be commemorated I ing from the French. Westmoreland coun- by a monument in the park at Pittsburg. jty, through which this heroic soldier With the exception of a street called after I trave*ed in a litter between two horses, him there is no local appellation in the :4j emaciated to a skeleton—waging a con- whole state to perpetuate his memory, 1 filet with disease as well as against the and a majority of Pennsylvanians scarce¬ I French and Indians, has three townships ly know that such a man ever existed. P Earned Huntingdon—east and north and William M. Hall. | south- aad two townships called Ligonier : Bedford, Penn’a , September 25, 1894. L uorth and south, and two townships ; [Copyright reserved by the author.] called Fairfield; and Fayette county has -the euphoniously captivating title, of Bulletin duplicated Bullskins—Bullskin From number one and Bullskin number two; and Allegheny county has a township named Deer and another named Fawn, and no township named Forbes i It is not greatly to the credit of the judges of the' courts of these counties, who have the naming of townships, that they have thus passed by the name of Forbes. He was a typical British soldier—the colonel of the Seventeenth regiment of the regular army of Great Britain, promoted GEO. WASHINGTON'S PASSAGE THROUGH , to the rank of brigadier general by Gen- THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY. jeral Abercrombie, the cammander-in-1 | chief, at the request of William Pitt, to - 100th Anniversary of the Event—The Tax take command of this expedition, jusi| | -r-rT if juai on Whiskey—Defenders of the Right to as Wolfe was promoted from a colonel Sell the “Ardent”—Hatred of the Excise Raws—Legislation ontlie Subject— Opposi- °f the Farmers—Congress Takes a Han —- .-^President Washington Appoints a gbsedlipon Ireland by England, and this Commission—Rough Treatment of Col¬ atred they had transmitted to their lectors—Brachenridge Preferred the Loss . children. They hated Papists with of Whiskey to the Shedding of Blood— , hatred that was more than cordial, but in 1 a set-td between a Papist and an Excise¬ The Troops in Mption—Washington’s man, they would most cheerfully have Visit to Chamhershnrg—Bloodless End¬ acted as bottle holder for the Papist. ing of the Insurrection—Interesting De¬ Excise duties on distilled spirits had ductions. been unpopular from the beginning in Pennsylvania. In March 1684, only three years after the grant to Penn and less BY JOHN M. COOPER. than eighteen months after his arrival in the province, the Assembly passed a bill laying a tax on whiskey. This was so un¬ Written for Public Opinion. popular that it was repealed in a short As the year 1894 marks the two hun¬ time. The Assembly did not make the dredth anniversary of the establishment experiment again till 1738, and then only of the Bank of England, so also does it to find such an out burst against it that it mark the one hundredth anniversay of that went down in the course of a few months. serio-comic event known in tradition and Another attempt was made in 1744, and history as “The Whiskey Insurrection in I this also went down under the force of Pennsylvania.” It is to this event that public sentiment before it had been long the soil of the Cumberland Valley owes .] in operation. Again was the experiment the honor of having been trodden by the ,! tried, in 1772, and again it would have feet of the First President of the United proved abortive had it not been for the States. On this occasion General Wash¬ j resistance of the Colonies to the exactions ington passed through the whole length [ f of the mother country. The war of the of the Valley, from the Susquehanna at Revolution withdrew thousands of farm¬ Harrisburg Vo the Potomac at William¬ ers from their fields and put the price of sport, on his journey to the Western part [grain for food so high that distillation of our State, and I think he passed back was checked, and this, together with pa- eastward through the half of the Valley, I triotic motives, led the people to submit from Strasburg to Harrisburg, on Ms re¬ to the tax on spirits. And yet this act turn to the seat of Government. was repealed at or shortly before the close To write about the Whiskey Insurrec¬ of the war. tion, is, of course, to thresh historical It thus appears that for a period of one straw which has gone through under the hundred years after the settlement of the flail many times in the past one hundred province began under Penn every attempt years. - Some may think enough has been of the Assembly (in which English and written about it, and they may be right, i Quaker influence then generally pre- especially when nothing new can be j vailed) to lay and collect taxes on spirits added. But there may be many among j distilled within the province, was largely the young who have not read or heard if not entirely frustrated by the determined much about the event which, brought ' opposition of the population engaged in George Washington through this Valley in j agriculture. The provincial government 1794, and my own experience teaches me i 1 alwavs bowed before the storm of opposi- that even the old find enjoyment in trav- j | tion. eling historical roads over and over But the Constitution framed in 1787 and | again. I adopted in 1788 created a new political; Whiskey has been the cause of many a force (the Government of the United! disturbance, but never another in whic' : States) and clothed it with power “to lay 1 so many persons were engaged, or which and collect taxes, duties, impostsiiupUkiua auuand caex¬ i extended so far or lasted .so long, as the cises/ e “Articles of Confeder- Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania, ation,” which operated on the States but and yet in the whole course of it less made no provision for coercing them, this blood was shed than has frequently been \ constitution in some things passed over drawn in a drunken brawl where not over 1 the States and operated on the people and half a dozen persons were engaged. The provided for their coercion by the general Southwestern corner of the State, now government in case they resist! : exe- i covered by the counties of Westmoreland, eution of the laws of Congress. Washington, Allegheny, Fayette, Somer¬ Under the constitutional authority to set and Greene, was in a state of violent ■i “lay and collect excises,” Congress, on the agitation for several years. A few serious 3d of March, 1791, enacted a law levying a fences were committed and the most tax of four pence per gallon on distilled serious consequences were apprehended, spirits. This law was not received with and yet, just wrhen the worst appeared Vo much favor in part of Pennsylvania, and have come to the worst, the insurrection in the Southwestern corner of the State it broke down with a suddenness and com¬ created intense dissatisfaction. The mem¬ pleteness that gave a comical turn to the bers of Congress from that section had op¬ whole affair. posed its passage and spoke against it! The cause of this threatening and long- when they got home, and nearly all the continued agitation was the attempt to men of influence in that quarter denonced collect a tax on whiskey. ; it. Albert Gallatin and H. H. Brackenridge The early settlers of Southern Pennsyl¬ were the most distinguished opponents vania were mainly of the Scotch-Irish of the law, but they did not countenance race, and in 1794 the inhabitants of Penn¬ the violent resistance that was made to sylvania west of the Laurel Hill were its execution. Among prominent men of almost exclusively of that race. They lesser note than these two might be men¬ were devoted to Presbyterianism, Repufo- tioned, David Bradford, prosecuting at¬ canism and pure rye whiskey, even those torney for Washington county, and a Cum¬ who drank moderately or did not drink at berland Valley man named Parkinson,, all being sturdy defenders of the right to who had emigrated to that section and! make and sell “the ardent” without let or was the owner of Parkinson’s Ferry, where hindrance. Those of them who had come Monongahela city now stands. His house from the old country had brought with was a noted gathering place for prominent them a bitter hatred of the excise laws im- opponents of the law. 123

(sixty in all)' was appointed; and as ai „ eld, th© nri . additional safety-valve, this committee o Redstone Old Port, (now Brownsville,) on sixty appointed a standing committee o: the 27th of July. 1791, and others after-j; twelve, to meet the State and United State; ward at Mingo Creek meeting house, ancl Commissioners, intelligence of whose ap Parkinson’s Perry. Deeds of viotehce, pointment and arrival at Pittsburg hat were done. Robert Johnson, excise col- .; reached Parkinson’s. lector for Allegheny and Washington, The commissioners and the committee counties, was seized at Pigeon Creek.In the . met on the 20th of August,when views wen ■latter county, and tarred and feathered, compared and propositions submitted oi rhis hair cut off and his horse taken from both sides. The commissioners made i j him. An officer sent to serve process on known that they were vested with powe: persons charged with this offence was sim¬ to suspend prosecutions and to promise ilarly treated. A man of weak intellect, who general pardon, but that this amnesty Imagined he had something to do with “must be preceded by full and satisfactory the collection of the tax and went around assurances of a sincere determination ii asking about distillers, was stripped and the people to obey the laws of the Unitec i burned with a hot iron at a blacksmith States.” The committee set forth the ap shop, and tarred and feathered. The prehended loss the collection of the ex house of the Collector in Payette county cise tax would impose upon the people was attacked in the night and the family and the hardship they had to endure ii abused in the collector’s absence. The being sued in the United States Courts house of the Collector for Westmoreland and compelled to stand trial at Philadel county also was attacked in the night, phia, three hundred miles from home. but successfully defended, when the at¬ This conference adjourned to meet the tacking party burned his barn. Several Parkinson Ferry committee of sixty at days later a large number of armed men Redstone Old Fort on the 28th of August surrounded the house, when the collector Here, after a session of two days, the Drop surrendered under a written guarantee of ositions of the commissioners were ac safety. Then they marched to Fayette cepted by the committee, by a vote of 34 county and burned the collector’s house yeas to 23 nays. Such had been the vio¬ there. The collector in Washington was lent acts committed, and so fierce was thd seized, tied, threatened with hanging, feeling still manifested, that the commit-1 taken to the woods, tarred and feathered, tee did not venture to vote viva voce or | his hair cut off, himself tied to atree and] even by ballots written by the members his house partiaiy pulled. down. These are themselves, lest those voting for submis- samples of the acts done in resistance to sion should be harmed in person or in® the law. They began in 1791 and continued property. The Secretary wrote the bai-f tiff 1794. lots, giving each member a yea and a nay, As early as May 8th, 1792, Congress had and the member voted whichever suited modified the law in hopes of making it him and destroyed the other. more acceptable to its opponents, but this At this conference Gallatin, Bracken- produced no appeasing effect. It was ridge and Judge Edgar made strong further modified on the 5th of June, 1794, speeches in favor of submission to the law-, j with no better result. Finally the Presi¬ whilst Bradford (of Washington) made a dent of the United States (Washington) violent speech on the other side. This and the Governor of Pennsylvania (Miff- Bradford, when invi ted by the insurgents ! lin) took decisive action. On the 6th of to attend a meeting of theirs at Mingo August, 1794, the Governor appointed creek, had declined on the good ground Chief Justice McKean and Gen. William that he was prosecuting attorney for the Irvine (of Carlisle,) commissioners to visit county and his services as such might be the insurgent district and inquire into the! called for in connection with the disturb¬ disturbance of the peace, and, if possible, ance. This good resolution he subsequent¬ induce the insurgents to conform to the ly changed and became the most violent of laws. On the 7th the President issued aj all the prominent men on the insurrec- ■ proclamation warning the insurgents to tionary side. He proposed to march to ; disperse. At the same time he called for Pittsburg and attack the garrison there. ' troops from the following States in the The proposition to attack the garrison be- . numbers annexed: Pennsylvania 5,200, ing rejected, he moved a march on Pitts¬ New Jersey 2,100, Maryland. 2,350, Virginia burg.' Brackenridge agreed to this, “to 3,300—total 12,950. On the same day the show that they could preserve good order 1 Governor issued orders for the speedy' and do no damage.” They would, he j ! arming and equipping of our State’s quot; said, march through the town and come and a proclamation calling the Assembl; out bn the river bank, and, after taking a into special session. On the 8th the Presi¬ little whiskey with the inhabitants, cross dent appointed James Ross, Jasper Yeates the river and return. The march was ! and William Bradford, to go on a mission made, with Bradford as one of the Gener¬ i similar to that with which the Governor als, and the whiskey was drunk and no had charged McKean and Irvine. harm done except the burning of Major On the 14th of August, before informa¬ Kirkpatrick’s barn across the river from tion of the action of the State and Federal Pittsburg. Brackenridge said it cost him authorities had been received by the insur¬ four barrels of whiskey that day, (prob¬ gents, a Convention of two hundred and ably worth five dollars a barrel,) but he sixty delegates met at Parkinson’s Ferry. preferred the loss of the whiskey to the They represented Westmoreland, Fayette, shedding of a quart of blood. Bradford, if Washington and Allegheny counties, and ; he did not plan the capture of the Pitts¬ that portion of Bedford which now com¬ burg mail en route to PhiladepMa, which ji| poses Somerset county, and the county of was taken from the post boy near Greens-1M Ohio in Virginia, adjoining Washington burg, at least got possession of it and took on the west. The delegates were not alii out letters written by prominent men to of one mind. Some were for armed resis¬ i the authorities at Philadelphia, which tance to the law; others were for more was then the seat of the State and Federal temperate measures. By skilful manage governments. In the end he signed the mention the part of Gallatin, Bracken paper of submission drawn up by the' ridge, Judge Edgar and others, the eon commissioners and made a speech coun¬ vention was prevented from acting rashly seling the peoole to submit and sign, but I A committee-- of one from each town.shiJ believe he was excepted from the general amnesty, or believed he would be pro-"* turn - ■ > I .1 ■ /_ _ -against,fe d ; and insured ins safety by leaving that section. Been the 5th ode week and the lit.* next. Dr. Egle does not mention the day The commissioners required the submis¬ of the President’s arrival at Williamsport, sion papers to be signed by the people gen¬ but gives the 13th as the date. McCauley erally on or before the 11th of September. puts the arrival there on “the evening of The papers were not printed till six days Monday the 13th,” and adds the presump¬ before this date, the county was extensive tion that the President remained in Cham¬ and hilly and the roads bad, and in con¬ bersburg over Sunday the 12th, “as it is sequence a considerable number of the in- well known he was very averse to doing labitants had no chance to sign before the Up- work on the Lord’s day.” He does not time run out, but where the papers could giveve the1 date of arrival at Ft. Cumber- be reached they were generally signed. land. All of the commissioners save one had Could President Washington have trav¬ returned to Philadelphia. Mr. Ross had re¬ eled from Williamsport to Cumberland in mained to take charge of the papers and one day? I doubt it. The distance must, convey them there when signed. A few I think, be over fifty miles, and the road days after he left, public meetings were not only hilly but mountainous. In his held and strong resolutions adopted in trip of four days from Philadelphia to Har¬ favor of submission to the law. The in¬ risburg he made an average of 25 or 26 surrection was at an endt and If there had miles a day. I believe Williamsport is not been an electric telegrapn in operation be¬ above 30 miles from Chambersburg. I tween Pittsburg and Philadelphia at that have forgotten the distance, but think it time, perhaps Chambersburg would not must be inside of this figure. The roads have been honored by the presence of the from Philadelphia to Harrisbnrg and first President. I say, perhaps, for Alex¬ Chambersburg to Williamsport with few ander Hamilton wanted a strong govern¬ considerable hills and no mountains to1 ment, and wanted to show that we had cross, must have been much more favor¬ one. If he was not “the power behind able to speed in traveling than the road the throne,greater than the throne itself,” from Williamsport to Cumberland. I have he was a decided power in the new Gov¬ called attention to one inaccuracy in date. ernment, and the throne generally leaned May there be another? May Washing¬ A his way. ton have left Chambersburg on Sunday . The returned commissioners made un- and have reached Williamsport on that favorable representations as to the temper day or at least earlier than Monday even¬ of the people. This was grist to Hamil- ing, and thus have gotten far enough be¬ ton’s mill. And Washington himself may yond Williamsport on the 13th to have ar¬ have had some ambition to achieve in the rived at Cumberland on the 14th? Under closing decade of his life, a bloodless vic¬ ordinary cireumbstances Washington tory in a section of country in which he had would not have traveled on Sunday, but experienced more than one defeat when, on this occasion he was on an extraordi¬ he was young. But it must be said that nary errrand. he had been very patient with the insur¬ It is to be regretted that the account we gents, whose defiance of the law, coupled have of the first President’s brief sojourn with acts of great violence, had extended in Chambersburg is so meagre. The event over several years. If any criticism of his always must possess interest to every one action can be made, it must be that he did who feels an interest In the town. The not march troops into the southwestern thought just occurs to me that this would counties when they were really needed, be a very appropriate year and season of i but did march them there when they were „,t,year to erect a tablet commemorative! not needed. [ of the event. Can you not, with this Be all this as it may, the troops were object m view, have a conference of prom¬ put in motion. Carlisle was the point of inent citizens held on the centennial an-' concentration in this valley for the troops mversary of Washington’s arrival” n the j of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Gov. Mifflin commanded the former and Gov. ,r.,AAhaS be?n.eeen> President Washington j Hownll the latter. Chambersburg did not spent a week m Carlisle. He organized ■get tne benefit of this display, as the troops went to Bedford over the “three Sons^i^ se moled' personages there as- Ta-?f5n£a*n road>” via Strasburg and Port ; .Littleton. One of the three Brigades into I which the Pennsylvania troops were di¬ vided was commanded by Gen. James v-diambers, (a son of the founder of Cham- bersburg,) who had served gallantly under

WashingtonO--- in the Revolution. ThisXJjULO JDfJL-Bri jgade numbered 1,762 men, from Lancaster, York, Cumberland and Franklin counties. Dr. Egie, in his History of Pennsylylvania, and McCauley, in his History of Franklin thfVfSfSd side°t reviewed: both say President Washington Lee! ^ i7Q4PhAade^P^ia on the lsfc of October, 1794. Dr. Egle says he reached Harris¬ burg; “on Friday,” and Carlisle “on the following day ” without giving dates. and Gen. Daniel MoLn 01^^’ SaAs “ reached Harrisburg “on commanded the t i-A vrguna, who thea4t,h of the month,” and Gar¬ States ™d the respective j bs1® on Saturday the 5th.” Dr. Egle across to Bedford v„A)f 0ctober” he came JhA ,PrKesident left Carlisle on the nia and New Jersev^mrH Pennsylva- AnlfcoL °cto]?er’ reaching Chambersburg Here according to D^ E°hP «£ad am.ved- and IWn® ^’WlBiamsport on the 13th two or three davs ' .Ad ii? te remained ^and Port Cumberland on the 14th” Me- the^ Capital, whfeh he ^ rA™d to reached on the

bershnrw __ ver Sunday in Cham-1 bersburgbecauslhTLf' - ~>-i~ - -r 1 ® was averse to doing m days or dates. Saturday could not have workpntheLoAd’sD^S a portion of Its force on close examination of days [south side of Mason and Dixon line cried and dates. If the Sunday he is supposed lout against the “invasion of the sacred to have spent in pious meditation in Cham¬ soil of Maryland,” they might have been bersburg was the 12th, then the day on answered by a brief quotation from the which history says he arrived in Bedford history of the Whiskey Insurrection and from Cumberland, to wit: the 19th, must from the public records of their own State. also have been Sunday. This adds to the The soil of Maryland was no more sacred perplexity I have already expressed about in 1861 than the soil of Pennsylvania in dates, and strengthens my doubt about 1794. The Maryland troops had a right to his having left Chambersburg on the 13th come into Pennsylvania in 1794, and the and reached Cumberland on the 14th. Pennsylvania troops had a right to go into Saturday of one week could not be the 5th Maryland in 1861. In both cases the er-l without Saturday of the next week being rand was essentially the same—to sustain the 12th, nor could Sunday of one week be i the lawful authority of the United States the 12th without Sunday of the next week |—but in 1861 the need was immensely being the 19th. Can you find any means greater. of unraveling this mystery of days and i Some years ago, desiring to inform my- dates? ! self as to the route by which the Presi¬ There is evidence of careless proof dent had returned from Bedford to Phila¬ reading in Dr. Egle’s book and in Mc¬ delphia,! consulted Sparks’“.Life of Wash¬ Cauley’s. In the former there is an error ington” and such other works as I could in the first line of Ben Nead’s excellent find at the time, but without avail. They °f Franklin County, where the simply said he returned to the seat of gov¬ date of the erection of Cumberland county ernment. I presume he returned by way 18 printed 1759, the true date being 1750; of the “Old Crossing of the Juniata” (a and in Dr. Hickok’s interesting sketch of mile or so below the present turnpike Bedford county, (in which I find no men¬ bridge ; over the river), Fort Littleton, tion of Washington’s visit,) there is an Fannetsburg, Strasburg, Carlisle and Har¬ engraving of the “Espy House, WasMng- risburg. That was the shortest route from ton’s Headquarters, 1774.’’ The true date Bedford to Philadelphia, and the one over would be 1794, this and the year 1758, when which the Pennsylvania and New Jersey he came over, from Cumberland to see troops went out and returned. The late uen. b orbes, being the only occasions, I be¬ | Joseph Gilmore, of Strasburg, informed lieve, on which Washington was in Bed- me, fifteen or sixteen years ago, that he lord. I had heard his mother say she had in her .The Commissioners who had waited on girlhood seen Washington as he was leav- * the President at Carlisle made their report ing Strasburg. to toe Committee of Safety at Parkinson’s On this memorable journey through the Ferry on the 24th of October, when the Cumberland Valley our first President was committee added to their number and in¬ accompanied by his secretary of War, Gen. structed them to meet him at Bedford. Knox, his secretary of the treasury, Gen. Even those who had taken no part in the Hamilton, Ms private secretary, Mr. Dan- insurrectionary movement were anxious dridge, probably a relative of Mrs. Wash¬ to avoid the presence of troops, fearing ington, whose maiden name was Dan- that some inconsiderate act might bring j drldge, and by Judge Peters, of the District on a collision. But before starting east- Court of the United States. Used as we are i ward again the commissioners learned to all manner of sights, the arrival of such that the President had left Bedford. They a party in Chambersburg at the present went to Uniontown and conferred time would excite great interest and with Den. Lee, who gave them assurances draw nearly everybody out on the street. |°1 safety to all peaceable inhabitants and What then must have been the interest : advised them what to do in behalf of law aroused when the first President and his and order. Books were opened at the of- distinguished companions rode into the jhces of the justices of the peace, In which the names of all who presented them¬ selves and subscribed an oath of allegiance were recorded, the owners of still-houses came forward and entered their stills. ©lie $c»st Cxpvem. Judge Poters held an investigation, and the Whiskey Insurrection was43nded. “On ! the 17th of November,” according to Dr ROCHESTER, N. V., OCT. 13, 1894. jFgle, “general orders were issued for the I immediate return of the troops. ’ ’ McGaul- : ey says the Pennsylvania troops left PittS- THE DEDICATION OF THE LAND OFFICE. burg on Tuesday the 15th of November, The land office at Batavia, the third on their way home. There may have : been a special order dismissing them be- at that place in which Joseph Ellicott, the 17thlssuance °f t^e general order on the -founder of Batavia, transacted the business of the Holland Land company, , A number of persons were arrested and was dedicated to-day to the memory of taken to Pittsburg, where some of them j were released. Some were taken to Phil- Robert Morris, though it was erected adelphia, where they lay in jail nearly a eight or nine years after his death and year. Several were tried and one or two convicted, but no very serious punishment more than twenty years after he had I was inflicted after all, pardon being grant¬ jsold the lands to the Hollanders. There ed by the President. is no doubt that a monument should be Thinking of the passage of Maryland I troops into Pennsylvania in 1794, to put erected to the memory of the famous down armed resistance to the laws and Financier of the Revolution, but the authority of the United States, naturally turns our thoughts to the passage of Penn- dedication of the old land office to his l svlvania troops through Maryland in 1861 memory, rather than to the memory of to put down armed resistance to the same Joseph Ellicott, Paul Busti, or the pion¬ authority. When our neighbors on the eers of the region,is clearly inappropriate, •*> for Morris bought the lands merely asj the difficulties under which Morris la¬ a speculation, sold them within two or | bored tout the condition of affairs at the three years, and had nothing to do with the settlement of them. elosie of his administration', 'and: the effect of any mere individual effort. The The land office was purchased and saved from destruction by an organiza¬ finances were certainly in a deplorable tion recently formed and known as the condition for many years after Morris left office. Holland Purchase Historical society. It In preparing his address, Mr. Carlisle intends to use the building as a sort of j museum for the preservation and display! followed very closely the life of Mor¬ ris written by Professor Sumner. This of pioneer relics and will endeavor to [ arouse greater interest in local history. is particularly noticeable when Mr. Car¬ These purposes are in the highest degree lisle reaches the question of the owner¬ commendable, and The Post Express ship of lands in Western New York, for hopes that the society may have a long Mr. Carlisle even goes so far as to repeat and prosperous career. Professor Sumner’s mistakes. To-day’s dedicatory exercises were con¬ It Is not appropriate at this time to ducted under the auspices of this society. give a general criticism of Professor Of these exercises the most important Sumner’s biography of Robert Morris. features were the poem by John H. But we may say that his principal au¬ Yates, of Batavia, and the historical thorities regarding the land speculations address by John G. Carlisle, secretary are Turner’s two histories—the “ Pioneer of the Federal treasury. We publish History of the Phelps and Gorham Pur¬ both in full, and both are worthy of chase,” and the “ History of the Holland perusal and preservation. Purchase. As tooth hooks abound in er¬ rors, though in some respects they are Mr. Carlisle begins his address by des¬ very valuable. It is somewhat surpris-' cribing the financial difflcultief in which ing to see Professor Sumner quote them the colonists were involved from the as though they were conclusive author¬ very beginning of the Revolution. There ities. were different standards of value; the The beginning of Secretary Carlisle’s colonies issued paper money and pro¬ narrative of Morris’s land transactions vided no methods of redemption, and is as follows: there was a constant depreciation in the By contract or treaty entered into at' currency. Various plans of reform were Hartford on the ISth day of December,' tried and all failed until Morris was 1786, between commissioners of the state made superintendent of finance and en¬ of New York and the state of Massachu¬ trusted with extraordinary powers. It setts, the conflicting claims of the two states to certain territory west of a-line is Mr. Carlisle’s opinion that Morris suc¬ drawn northwardly from the thirty-second ceeded in so reviving the public credit mile stone on the boundary, of Pennsyl¬ that the triumph of Washington’s armies vania to Lake Ontario, except a strip one j was made possible; and he seems to mile wide the length of the Niagara' river on its eastern side, were adjusted, think that but for Morris the'struggle Massachusetts ceding to New York full for independence would have failed. sovereignty and jurisdiction over the land This is his summary of Morris’s servi¬ j ''n<^ Hew York yielding to Massachusetts ces: ihe pre-emption or proprietary right. The ‘ . act thus described was supposed to con¬ He had found the treasury bankrupt, tain about 6,000,000 acres. In 1788 the state! the national credit prostrated, the army of Massachusetts sold all the land to naked, hungry, and mutinous, the people Phelps and Gorham, but they failed to I discontented, the currency worthless, trade pay the whole purchase money and in| paralyzed, and the struggle of independ¬ March, 1791, reconveyed about 3,750,0001 ence growing daily feeble and hopeless. acres to the state. He left, not a full treasury, it is true, The date here given is wrong. It was but a national credit higher among capi¬ J talists abroad than that of some of the . on June 9, 1790, that Phelps and Gorham oldest nations of Europe; and he left a released to Massachusetts all claims! happy and triumphant people, with a to the land to which they had been un¬ sound currency, and prosperous tra4e, able to extinguish the Indian title. Sec¬ abundant resources, and a free govern¬ ment. retary Carlisle continues: On the whole this is well enough as On the 12th day of March, 1791, the state sold to Samuel Ogden, who was acting an, oratorical estimate. If wrong in any! for Robert Morris, all the land excepting respect, it is in exaggerating not only, one million acres or thereabouts, which Phelps and Gorham had paid for and re¬ tained. ■ i : # This is •" also an inaccurate Mr. Carlisle’s address continues as fol¬ statement. The original tract embraced lows: “After this, an office was opened about 6,000,000 acres. Phelps and Gor¬ by the company, and the land was sold ham surrendered the pre-emptive right and conveyed in parcels to suit purchas¬ to about 3,750,000 acres, holding the re¬ ers until 1839, when its affairs were mainder for a short time; and it was the closed. In 1802 its office was removed pre-emptive right to the 3,750,000 acres to Batavia, and in 1804 the building that Massachusetts sold to Samuel Og- which you are here to-day to dedicate to i den, acting for Robert Morris. The bill the memory of Robert Morris was erect¬ ! «>f sale was dated March 12, 1791, but the ed.” ! deeds of conveyance were dated May 11, The medals which have been struck 1791. off by the Holland Purchase Historical Mr. Carlisle next refers to Morris’s sale society and are intended to be preserved to the Holland Land company and says as memorials of to-day’s exercises, de¬ that subsequently “ conveyances were clare that the present land office was made directly to the individuals com¬ erected in 1804, and probably this is posing the company, of which William Secretary Carlisle’s authority. Certainly Willink, through whom one of the public he had every reason to suppose that the loans in Holland had been negotiated society would know when its building while Morris was superintendent of fin¬ was erected. It does not know, however, ance, appeared to have been the presi¬ and the date given on the medal is sev¬ dent.” We know of no evidence that eral years out of the way. This is now Willink was 'the president of the Holland admitted by the society itself, for the tab¬ Land company. This was not a corpora¬ let which it has placed above the entrance tion; it was rather a partnership, or a to the old building reads as follows: syndicate. We do not think there was a “ Erected 18—. Dedicated 1894 to the | president, or other officers. Willink, how¬ Memory of Robert Morris.” It is at ever, was a very large investor. least unfortunate that the society issued We next come to a curious error. Sec- [medals declaring that the building was retary Carlisle says; ereoted in 1804, and was then compelled After this purchase a colony of Germans, to acknowledge on the tablet that it did consisting of seventy families, was formed not known the real date. As a matter ) at Hamburg and sent over to settle on of fact, there were three land offices in the land. They were furnished with tools Batavia. A two-story log building, and put to work to construct a road from Northumberland to Genesee, but, having- erected in 1801, was the first. Ellicott come mainly from cities, they were unac¬ moved hiis office to it from Asa Ransom’s customed to such labor and the settlement settlement in 1802. In the summer of that finally broke up in a riot. year Ellicott built what was afterward This colony, led by William Berezy (or the east wing of his dwelling-house and Berczy), was sent over by Pulteney.Horn- - .moved the land office into it late in 1802 'by, and OoUquhoun about 1793, to settle or early in 1803 and tore down the first on what we call the Phelps and Gor¬ building. The present stone edifice w'as ham purchase. It was Colquhoun’s en¬ completed ten or twelve years later— terprise, principally, and the Germans probably in the year 1815. were to be disposed of under the manage¬ ment of Charles Williamson. They were Carlisle’s Address. employed first in cutting out the road | The chief attraction of course was the oration of Secretary John G. Carlisle. It from Wiliamsport to Williamsburg, but was a masterly effort, a valuable historic caused so much trouble that they were contribution and an eloquent tribute to hurried on to Williamsburg and di¬ the memory of America’s greatest finan¬ rected to harvest for their own use a cier and statesman. He was listened to with rapt attention by thousands of peo¬ ' large field of ripening wheat, on the flats. ple who applauded his many patriotic But they Insisted upon being fed and references and his eulogy of his illus¬ maintained in idleness. A riot resulted, trious predecessor in the treasury de¬ Williamson’s life was endangered, and partment. The oration follows: much property was destroyed. The Ger¬ Robert Morris, or as he was sometimes called, Robert Morris, jr., was for many mans had nothing whatever to do with years one of the most conspicuous figures the Holland Purchase, except to cross in the galaxy of great men whose states¬ it once in getting to Canada, where the manship and courage achieved the inde¬ colonists because the early settlers of pendence of the American colonies, and Toronto. I to him, more than to any other man in a civil station, the people were Indebted for It is alike creditable to the patriotism the successful termination of the revolu¬ and the liberality of the citizens of West¬ tionary war. ■ It is characteristic of the J ern New York that they have organized martial race to which we belong to ap- ■ the. first public association and inaugu¬ predate to the fullest extent, and fre¬ rated the first practical movement for the quently to overestimate, the services of I purpose of paying a long-deferred tribute the successful soldier, while simple jus-' to the memory of a man who, notwith¬ tice is not always done to the quiet standing all the malignant accusations statesman and financier, without whose made against him while in the public ser¬ co-operation and support the armies nor vice, has left a record in which the crit¬ the greatest commander could neither make ical researches of a hundred years have a movement nor fight a battle. The most failed to discover a trace of dishonor or ordinary military operations are more any lack of unselfish devotion to the true dramatic and therefore more attractive interests of his countrymen. I esteem it to the common mind than the patient and ! a great privilege to be with you in person laborious achievements of the civilian, but upon this occasion and to have my name they cannot be conducted without money connected with yours In this patriotic and credit, and the man who contributes movement; and especially do I consider it these essential elements to the aggressive a great honor to be invited to say some¬ force of a nation has at least as strong a thing concerning the life and services of claim to the admiration and gratitude of the first secretary of the treasury, or, as his countrymen as the man who plans he was then called, the superintendent of campaigns and directs the movements of finance. While the proprieties, and in fact armies and fleets. So long as the people the necessities of the occasion forbid of the United States hold in grateful re¬ elaboration of statement, or even a simple membrance the names and deeds of Wash¬ recital of all the public acts of Robert ington and his brave associates in arms Morris, it will still be posible, I hope, they ought not to forget the services of without trespassing too long upon your the merchant-financier who, at a most patience, to present at least such an ac-' critical period of their history, substan¬ count of their character and value as tially created and sustained the credit will fully justify this spontaneous effort without which the most heroic efforts of I upon ycur part to honor his memory, not those patriot soldiers would have beeli j only as an able and patriotic public of¬ unavailing; and yet, although a century ficial at a time of great peril and distress, has elapsed since Robert Morris finished but as a private citizen, personally asso¬ his public work and retired to private ciated in his latter years with the local life, and nearly ninety years have passed history and early development of this andj since his death, there is no public memor¬ the adjacent country. ial to attest the people’s appreciation of Robert Morris was born in Liverpool, his great services and very few even England, on the 31st day of January, 1734, know the place of his burial. Nearly new style, and .according to a statement seventy years ago his earliest biographer in his father’s will, came to America in concluded a sketch of his life in these the year 1748. His father, also named words; Robert, was a native of the same place, “The memory of man of such distin¬ and is said to have been originally a nail guished utility cannot be lost; and while maker, but afterwards became a mer¬ the recollection of his multiplied services, chant. Precisely when he came to Amer¬ are deeply engraved on the tablet of our I ica is not known, but at the age of 30 he -hearts, let us hope that the day is not! became a resident of Talbot county, Mary¬ distant when some public monument land, on the eastern shore of the Chesa¬ recording the most momentous occur¬ peake bay, where he continued to reside rences of his life and characteristic of until 1750, when he was accidentally national feeling and gratitude, may mark killed by the discharge of a cannon which the spot where rest the remains of Ro- j was fired in his honor as he was leaving bert Morris.” a ship on which he had gone to attend Monuments of bronze and marble have I a social entertainment. In his will, which been erected in every part of the land to [ is dated April 17, 1749, after making some perpetuate the fame of the men who were bequests to other persons, the testator associated with him during the war and . says; afterwards, so that even their forms and1 “ I give all my lands and tenements faces are almost familiar to us as the i whatsoever whereof I shall die seized in forms and faces of our nearest possession, reversion or remainder, to a friends, but this hope of his I youth now living with my friend Robert early biographer had not been realized. [ Greenway, in Philadelphia, known there In nearly every park and public place in \ by the name of Robert Morris, jr., who ar¬ our .great centers of population there I rived at Philadelphia from Liverpool some stands the figure of some hero or! time in the year 1748, and to him, the said 1 statesman of the revolutionary period,' Robert Morris, jr., now living with Mr. I and in nearly every household there hangsl Robert Greenway, merchant at Philadel¬ a picture commemorative of the person or phia, I give and bequeath all the lands and the services of some prominent actor in tenements I shall die possessed of for¬ the troublous times which preceded the, ever; and I likewise give to the said Rob¬ establishment of independence; but neither' ert Morris, jr., all the rest and residue the figure nor the portrait of Robert Mor¬ 0 my goods, chattels, merchandise, ap¬ ris is among them. I parel and personal estate whatsoever.” At the time of his father’s death Robert (me "to decline the service, yet I cannot Morris was about 16 years old and was depart from one point, which first induced employed in the mercantile house of the me to enter the public line. I mean an Willings, who were at that time perhaps opinion that it is the duty of every indi¬ the largest merchants In Philadelphia. vidual to act his part in whatever station He remained with them until 1754, when he his country may call him in times of diffi¬ and Thomas Willing, a younger member culty, danger and distress. Whilst I think of the family, formed a partnership which this a duty, I must s-ubmit, although tho continued without interruption for nearly councils of America have taken a dif¬ forty years. Although an Englishman by ferent course from my judgment and birth, he promptly identified himself with wishes. I think that the individual who the friends of the colonies in the con¬ declines the service of his country because troversy between them and his mother its councils are not conformable to his country, and in 1765, ten years before the ideas makes but a bad judgment. A good battle of Lexington, he signed the non¬ one will follow if he cannot lead.” importation agreement and was a mem¬ In February or March, 1777, he was for ber of the committee of citizens which the third time appointed a delegate to the waited upon the collector under the stamp I continental congress. act to compel him to vacate his office, An attempt even to enumerate the var¬ which he did after considering the matter ious services rendered by him during his for two or three days. In 1766 he was terms as a member of that body would warden of the port of Philadelphia and in compel me to omit many other important 1775, when the quarrel between the col¬ matters connected with his subsequent onies and Great Britain had almost career, or extend this address to an un¬ reasonable length. It is sufficient to say reached the point where reconciliation jupon any reasonable terms was impossible, that from the beginning he Was placed upon some of the most important com¬ he was appointed on the council of safety mittees and was almost constantly called for the state of Pennsylvania. In October uDon to assist in the conduct of financial of the same year he was elected a mem¬ ber of the provincial assembly under the affairs, not only by his advice and coun- old charter, and in November the assem¬ isel, but by the use of his name and per¬ bly appointed him one of the delegates sonal credit. At that time there was no to the continental congress. The next treasury department, nor any national ex¬ year, 1776, he was again elected to the ecutive organization of any kind. Early^ assembly under the new constitution of in 1776 the continental congress had ap¬ I the state, the old charter and the old as¬ pointed a standing committee, of which sembly having been abolished by a mass James Duane was chairman, to superin¬ meeting and a revolutionary committee. tend the finances, but its functions were On the 20th day of July, 1776, he was again not well defined, and its duties, so far as chosen as a delegate to the continental it had any, were loosely and negligently congress, although he was known to be ! discharged. By September, 1778, financial opposed to the Declaration of Independ¬ affairs had fallen into such a condition of" ence and had voted against it, believing confusion and disorder that congress es- with many other good and patriotic men lished five separate bureaus to assist in of that period that the opportunity for the management of the treasury, but these reconciliation upon terms which would bureaus quarreled with each other, and in 1779 an ordinance was passed establish¬ j preserve the liberties of the people had not entirely passed, and that an effort to ef¬ ing what was designated as a board of fect an adjustment ought to be made be¬ treasury, consisting of three commission-' fore engaging in a war which was certain ers not members of congress, and two to entail great hardship, and which was members of congress, any three of whom not certain to be successful. In a letter had power to transact business. By the written on the day of his second appoint¬ spring of 1781, however, it had become ment to the continental congress he de¬ evident that the entire financial system fined his position upon that subject, and, must be reorganized upon a more substan¬ in vindication of his patriotism and fidel¬ tial basis and that there must be stjch practical management as would secure or-' ity to the cause of his country, I think a der in the public accounts and some de¬ very brief extract from it ought to be' read. He said: gree of economy in the public service, .or" “ I have uniformly voted against and the war would prove a disastrous failure opposed the Declaration of Independence! and the colonies relapse into a more hope¬ because, in my poor opinion, it was an less condition of dependency than ever ex¬ improper time and will neither promote! isted before. Almost every financial ', ex¬ the interests nor redound to the honor of pedient that the ingenuity of man could America; for it has caused a division devise, except regular and effective taxa- where we wanted union, and will be as¬ j tion, had been resorted to for nearly six cribed to very different principles than ’ years to raise money or procure credit’for those which ought to give rise to such i the prosecution of the war, and at last the an important measure. I did expect my ■verge of national bankruptcy had been conduct on this great question would have reached and it was evidently impossible procured my dismission from the great to proceed a step further in the same council, but find myself disappointed, for direction without a total collapse of the the convention has thought proper to re¬ entire financial system, involving, of turn me in the new delegation, and al¬ course, ah abandonment of the struggle.” though my interest and inclination prompt The country was smothering to death uij- tier a mass of worthless paper currency far more disastrous to the commercial rent of 4,000 acres of land would not pay and industrial interests of the people than for twenty bushels of corn, the rent, of all the spoliations and devastations com¬ course, being payable in money and hav¬ mitted by the invading army. The most! ing been fixed, before the depreciation be¬ discreditable chapters of our history are gan. Conventions were held in many those which record the repeated and inef¬ parts of the country to establish scales of fectual efforts of the Continental congress prices at Which commodities should be and the superintendent of finance, after bought and sold, and several states'enact¬ he was chosen, to induce the states to1 ed penal laws' on the subject. Many mer¬ raise their respective quotas of money chants and others were punished by ex¬ necessary to carry on a war for the estab¬ posure in 'the pillory-for violation of these lishment of their own independence. The! statutes, and necessarily much ill-feeling prevailing idea among the people seemed was engendered among the people. The to be that, inasmuch as the war was’ be¬ whole commercial fabric was 'in imminent ing prosecuted in opposition to the ‘claim danger of destruction on account of the of' Great Britain to impose taxes upon superabundance of so-called money and! them, it would be illogical and inconsist¬ the government itself, which possessed un-j ent to impose taxes upon themselves. limited ;Power to issue it, was compelled They preferred to rely upon Continental to retrace its steps or be crushed under' notes, issued in anticipation of receipts the weight of its own paper. I cannot un¬ which never came in, and upon bills .of! dertake to describe the state of public and credit emitted by the states, which per¬ private demoralization which this condi-1 sistently refused to provide funds for--their tion of currency produced. Extravagance, redemption. The several colonies had been speculation, fraud and selfishness prevailed in the habit long before the revolution,-;of everywhere to an extent never known In! issuing their own notes to .circulate as this country before or since. It was the money, and, therefore, the Continental harvest time' of the dishonest public offi¬ congress very naturally resorted to the cial, the unsrupulous debtor and the un-j expedient, and the flrst notes, amounting faithful trustee of private estates. The! to about three million dollars, were"-issued widow and the orphan, and the poor and as early as 1775. These notes-begap to de¬ dependent classes in all the walks of life preciate almost immediately " ahd "before were, as they always have been and al- the close of the year 1776 many meri were ways will be, the principal sufferers from subjected to mob violence, to social and every fluctuation in the exchangeable political ostracism and to imprisonment value of fhe -currency. by the civil and military authorities for The rich ahd powerful can generally take refusing to receive them in payment for care of their own’pecuniary interests, no debts, or in exchange for commodities.. By matter what kind of currency may be in 1779 depreciation had gone to such an ex¬ use, but the poor, who are compelled to tent that it was no longer safe to-buy and labor for the necessaries of life and to re¬ sell in the ordinary way, while transac- | ceive whatever is offered them in compen¬ tions conducted upon credit were ruinous I sation, and the ignorant, who are always to the party who rendered services, or exposed- to the seductive devices of the parted with his property. Barter was the speculator and swindler, constitute the only safe trade, aljd it is recorded that at classes upon which the evil effects of a I one time it was substantially the only kind vitiated currency invariably fall with the of trade carried on "in the city of Boston. : heaviest weight. - Prices went up so that a pair of shoes lms tlme Continental notes had been cost $100 and flour sold at prices raiiging issued to the amount of $160,000 000 or from $400 io $500 per hundred weight. The about $53 per-capita( and the depreciation price of sugar reached $S00 per hundred was 30 to 1, that is, one dollar in specie weight; coffee was $4 per pound and wheat was equal in vvalue to thirty dollars in the “75 per bushel, and the cost of most arti¬ paper: currency. By July, i78o, ft was stes of necessity rose in the same propor¬ 64 1-2 to 1, and early In the next year the tion. General Washington said that a j whole miserable system broke completely wagon load of money would scarcely buy; down and congress, with only one dissent¬ a wagpn load of provisions. But the cur- j ing vote, resolved that all debts then due rency in which payments were made was ! from the United States, which had been depreciating with such rapidity that- the liquidated according to their specie value merchant'Who soicl even at these exorbi-j and all debts which had been, or would tant prices was -constantly losing money. I thereafter be made payable In specie, rlhe injurious effects of a depreciating cur-1 should be actually paid in specie, or its 1 rency .upon the trade of the country is il¬ equivalent, at the correct rate of exchange lustrated in the case of a writer of that between specie and other currency. The period, who says that he purchased a total issue of Continental notes up to that hogshead of sugar and sold it at a large ate, as nearly as can be ascertained, profit, but the currency in which he was tvas about $242,000,000 or over $80 per capita, paid would only buy a tierce. He then sold u , besides this, the various states had the. tierce at a large profit, but when he. issued large amounts in bills of credit, used the proceeds of this sale in making and there were outstanding large amounts another purchase he got only a barrel. R. or loan-office certificates and quarter- H,.,Ji.ee wrote to Thomas Jefferson that the! masters' and commissaries’ certificates, depreciation had nearly transferred his! Inch greatly aggravated the financial whole,estate to his tenants and that thej situation. It i3 said that in 1788 a single Spanish dollar would legally discharge debt of $2,400 In the state of Virginia. jperintendent of finance, for unless this The resolution of congress was absolutely power can be exercised without control necessary in order to save even the sem¬ I have little hope of efficiency in the busi¬ blance of public credit, and although the ness of reformation which is probably the continental notes continued for a short most essential part of the business.” I time to circulate as money in some parts I Congress having after some hesitation of the country, especially in the South, conformed to the wishes of Morris in re- | | they passed for merely a fraction of their | spect to these two matters he accepted I nominal value. It was evident to every the office on the 14th of May, 1781, but he f one at all acquainted with public affairs did not enter fully upon the discharge (, I that the finances of the country must at of his duties until the October following. W\ once be placed in more competent hands In June, 1781, before he had taken eharge I and conducted with more vigor and econ- of his office, he secured the repeal of the j omy than had heretofore characterized embargo, believing, to use his own lan¬ their management, or that the war for in¬ guage, that " commerce should be perfect¬ dependence would be brought to a speedy ly free and property sacredly secured to termination by the complete subjugation the owner.” He applied himself with zeal pf the colonies. The opinion was quite and determination to the difficult task im¬ prevalent, both in America and Europe, posed upon him, and the result of his that the struggle could be maintained but labors soon began to be felt in all the a little while longer, and even General affairs of the government at home and Washington had almost abandoned all abroad and in all the business transactions hope of success. George the Third and of the people. The extent and variety of | his ministers relied for success more upon the powers invested in him and the num¬ !the depressed financial condition of the ber and character of the various kinds of United States than upon the aggressive business transacted by him on the public operations of their army and navy. This account have no parallel in the history jwas the condition of affairs when con¬ of any other financial officer in the world. gress, on the 20th day of February, 1781, He was, in fact, the autocrat of the unanimously chose Robert Morris to be finances. He engaged in a large number I superintendent of finance. His great abil¬ of mercantile enterprises on account of ity and credit as a merchant, his intimate the government, buying and selling goods acquaintance with public matters gen¬ here and in other countries, and using the erally, and especially his familiarity with proceeds in the public service. Congress the financial questions which had reduced had declared that the obligations of the j the government to such a deplorable state (government should be paid in specie or its ! of poverty and helplessness, constituted equivalent, but the government had no qualifications for this laborious and re¬ ppecie and no visible means of procuring sponsible position possessed by no other it. It is true that considerable specie, or man in the country. The selection at once hard money as it was then called, had revived the hopes of the despondent, stim¬ .been brought into the country and dis¬ ulated the courage of the wavering, and bursed by the British and French armies, confirmed the faith of the friends of lib- but it had not reached the treasury. The erty in every part of the world. But he did worthless paper currency was now rapidly I not accept at once. He knew the magni¬ disappearing from the circulation, and tude of the task he was expected to per¬ Morris took measures to obtain a supply form, and he knew it could not be ac¬ of specie from Havana and other places complished unless he was afforded oppor¬ which he accomplished to a very consid¬ tunities and invested with powers com¬ erable extent by buying and selling goods. mensurate with the nature of the duties In a short time the people began to realize imposed upon him. He therefore wrote a the benefits of that inflexible law of trade letter to the president of congress in and finance under which sound money ip which he made the acceptance of the sufficient quantities to transact the business office dependent upon two conditions, first, of the country will always make its ap¬ I that he should not be required to abandon pearance to take the place of unsound his commercial pursuits or dissolve his money, if the latter can be got out of cir¬ existing connection with certain mercan- culation. It was not long until specie was ; tile establishments, and secondly, that he circulating in all the channels of trade, should have the absolute power to ap- and from that time to the close of the revo¬ | point and remove all officials serving un¬ lutionary war all the business of the gov¬ der him. Upon this point he was very em¬ ernment was conducted upon a specie phatic. He said: basis. There was then no American dol¬ ! " I also think it indispensibly necessary lar, nor American coin of any denomina¬ that the appointment of all officers who tion. The principal coin in use was the are to act in my office under the same roof Spanish dollar, the Seville piece of eight, ! or in immediate connection with me should and the Mexican piece of eight, each of be made by myself, congress first agree¬ which was rated at four shillings, six ing that such secretaries, clerks or officers pense, three farthings. But the actual so to be appointed are necessary and fix¬ unit of account in America was an im¬ ing the salaries of each. I conceive that aginary dollar supposed to contain 24 3-4 it would be impossible to execute the grains of fine gold. There wa's in fact no duties of thjs office with effect unless the such coin, and never had been, but this absolute ppwer of dismissal from office or quantity of fine gold Was apparently by employment of all persons whatever that common consent recognized as the stand¬ are concerned in the official expenditures ard by which the value of the various of public moneys be committed to the su- .. ~ ■ kinds of currency in circulation was meas¬ ured and by which exchange was regu¬ and duty alike demanded the prompt pay¬ lated. ment of all taxes imposed upon them in It would be going too far to assert that order that the public credit might be pre¬ Morris ever succeeded In establishing the! served and the public service be main¬ finances of the government upon an em- tained. His communication to congress inently firm and satisfactory basis, for it upon this subject, his numerous appeals to must be conceded that many of his plans the governors and legislatures of the states failed principally, however, on account of and his correspondence with his contem¬ delinquencies on the part' of congress and poraries show how thoroughly he appre¬ the states. Besides, the mistakes commit¬ ciated the necessities of the situation, ted before he entered upon his office were) how sensitive he was concerning the honor of such a character and their injurious i and credit of the country and how deeply consequence so affected the whole system he was offended and humiliated by the that it required much time and labor to; failure of the states to furnish the money repair them; and hence it was that finan¬ and supplies required for the public ser¬ cial questions involving taxation, cur¬ vice. Notwithstanding all his arguments rency, expenditure and methods of admin¬ and appeals, however, the states refused istration continued to perplex the states¬ to contribute their full quota, and, ac¬ manship and embarrass the civil and mil¬ cording to his own statement, there’ was itary operations of the government received into the treasury during the first throughout the whole period of the war; months of the year 1782 only the insig¬ and, in fact, they continued to vex the| nificant sum of $5,600, which, as he said at people for a long time afterwards. When; the time, was about one-fourth of what Morris took office he was confronted by a was necessary to meet the expenditures financial and political situation which of a single day. The total amount re-j never before or since confronted the chief ceived into the treasury from taxes during financial officer of this or any other gov- i the whole of Morris’ administration—that ernment in the world. The continental is, from February 20, 1781, to November 1 congress possessed unlimited power to is- j 1784, a period of about three years and sue currency, but no power whatever to1 eight months, was $2,025,099, although the raise money by taxation for its redemp¬ average annual expenditures during the tion. It had unlimited power to make war, exclusive of the sums expended dl-j requisitions upon the states, but no power rectly by the several states, was about whatever to compel the states to comply $16,000,000. In April, 1781, the specie value With them. It had unlimited power to1 of the public debt was a little over $24,- provide for the organization of an army 000,000, and, as it was represented by var¬ and navy, but no power whatever to sup¬ ious form of obligation and bore different port them. The whole executive and legis¬ rates of interest, congress resolved to lative power, so far as it existed at all, fund it if the creditors would consent; was reposed in the congress. There was but, as usual, nothing resulted from this no judiciary to interpret its acts, nor any resolution. executive to enforce them. Its resolutions I Morris at once directed his attention to and statutes were little more than mere I the establishment of a national bank as1 appeals to the patriotism or generosity I an auxiliary or aid to the government in of the people, and, however reluctant we the conduct of its financial affairs, and, may be to admit it, the annals of that after much opposition, he succeeded in period show that they were generally made securing a charter for the Bank of North In vain. Taking all things into considera¬ America with a capital of $400,000, to be tion the years 1779 and 1780 were, perhaps, located at Philadelphia. It was the first the darkest years of the war. It is not my bank in America that redeemed its notes purpose to speak of military operations, in specie on presentation, and it undoubt¬ although they necessarily had great in- j edly affoided great assistance to the gov¬ fluence upon the financial situation. As ernment by granting loans from time to in all other wars, victories improved the j time and by effecting exchanges on the public credit, and defeats impaired it; but public account. For awhile the notes of independent of these influences, the im-; the bank were at a discount, but they potency of the central authority and the j soon rose to par and never afterwards depreciated. apathy of the state were of themselves j sufficient to render the task of the finan- One of the methods adopted by congress cler as onerous and apparently as hope-; to induce the states to comply with the less as that imposed by the Egyptian on! requisitions upon them was to allow them the children of Israel. to purchase and furnish supplies for the Although the treaty of alliance with j use of the army for which quartermasters France had been cancelled in 1778, and and commissaries issued certificates. This very considerable pecuniary assistance system of specific supplies, as it was had been received from that government, J called, afforded almost unlimited oppor¬ it was evident to Morris, as it was to tunities for collusion and fraud and was, every other intelligent supporter of the! from the very nature of the transactions revolution, that the people must rely involved and the difficulty of preserving chiefly upon their own resources for a and transporting the supplies, wasteful successful prosecution of the war; and he! and extravagant in the highest degree. labored assiduously from the beginning to j After a hard struggle, in which fortu¬ tffie close of his administration to con-1 nately he had the support of General vince his countrymen that theS interests] 'Washington, Morris succeeded In abolish¬ ing this system and procuring the supplies 133 by contract, which, to use his own lan¬ obtained, therefore, was the establishment guage, was an “ immense saving.” About of a uniform standard by which to esti¬ the same time he made an ineffectual ef¬ mate the value of all the different kinds of fort to discontinue the practice of issuing foreign coin in circulation, and Morris, af¬ loan office certificates and to procure ter a brief discussion of this subject, in money from France to purchase and can¬ which he showed a thorough acquaintance cel all that was outstanding. The unsat¬ with all its details, reached a conclusion isfactory condition of the accounts be¬ that the most convenient unit of value tween the government and the several would be one-fourth of a grain of fine sil¬ states was a severe source of constant ver which would be the fourteen-hundred- annoyance and embarrassment in the ad¬ and-fortieth part of a dollar, as that would ministration of his office, and a great deal agree without a fraction with all the dif¬ of his time and labor were devoted to the ferent values of a dollar in the several investigation of this subject with a view states, except South Carolina. He did not of securing settlement in order that it insist that there should be an actual coin might be certainly known what each state of that denomination, but simply that the had actually furnished and how much fourteen hundred and fortieth part of a each was in arrears. Whenever requisi¬ dollar should be the legal unit of value tions were made almost every state claimed that it had already furnished and account, and that the decimal ratio more than its just quota as compared with should be adopted. The next year after other states, and thus each made the same this communication was written, congress excuse for furnishing nothing more. While took up the subject and, after discussion, referred it to a committee of which Mr. the first and most pressing duty of the Jefferson was a member. The report of financier was to provide, so far as he the committee, which was written by Jef¬ could, by securing taxation and by loans i ferson, agreed substantially with Morris’s and otherwise, for the current expendi¬ recommendations, except as to the unit of tures of the government, he appears to value, which was said to be “ too minute have had continually in view two other for ordinary use, too laborious for compu¬ great objects, the settlement of the ac¬ tation either by the head or in figures.” counts with the states and the fundings The dollar itself was recommended as the of the public debt—neither of which was unit, and the decimal system suggested by accomplished. All that anyone could do Morris was approved. Congress agreed to i was done, and his failure must be attri- this report, and the accounts of expendi¬ I buted to obstacles which it was impossible tures show that some steps were taken to overcome in the existing state of public towards the establishment of a mint; in affairs and public opinion. After the adop- fact, a few coins, “ pattern pieces,” as j tion of the federal constitution and an ef- they were called, were actually struck, I fective government had been established, but there is no evidence that any of them I the entire national debt was funded, the went into circulation. Thus, the funda¬ state debts being also assumed by the mental principles of our present method United States, and in due time the obliga¬ of account and monetary unit were first tions were fully paid and the honor and presented and explained in the midst of a 1 credit of the country vindicated. 1 great war by a man who was hourly en¬ During the first year of his administra- grossed with the drudgery of an office j tion Morris caused to be prepared and which, even in its most ordinary times, submitted to congress a plan for the es¬ leaves but little opportunity for specific tablishment of a uniform coinage through¬ or historical investigation; but he pos¬ out the United States. This paper, while sessed a practical knowledge of commer¬ it undoubtedly embodied the views of Rob¬ cial and financial affairs which was worth ert Morris, was actually prepared by far more than the most deliberate conclu¬ Gouverneur Morris, whose name deserves sions of the mere theorist, and which en¬ most honorable mention in every history abled him to detect, almost at a glance, of the financial operations of that period the weak points in the existing system. 1 on account of the able and faithful ser¬ Honesty, economy and official responsibili¬ vices which he rendered to the chief finan¬ ty characterized the conduct of his admin- cial officer in nearly all his labors. Weights iistration to an extent wholly unknown to and measures were the same everywhere, the previous financial operations of the ,but the currency was in a state of almost government, and yet it sometimes hap¬ inextricable confusion and there were pened that the exigencies of the public nearly as many methods of computinjg the service compelled him to resort to ex¬ value of money in circulation as there were pedients which would not meet with pub¬ states in the Confederacy. For instance, lic favor in ordinary times. It must be four shillings in New Hampshire were remembered, however, that he was sub¬ equal in value to twenty-one shillings and stantially in his own person the treasury eight pence in South Carolina, and the of the United States, and that there were ^Spanish dollar, which, as already stated, frequent occasions when the preservation I was the principal coin in use, was worth of the national credit and the maintenance in Georgia five shillings, in Virginia and of the public service, civil and military, the four eastern states six shillings, and depended almost entirely upon his indi¬ in all the other states except South Caro¬ vidual capacity to- raise money. Many of lina, seven shillings, six pence and in his operations had to be conducted with South Carolina thirty-two shillings six the utmost secrecy in order to be success¬ pence. The most important object to be ful, while others had to be carried on by unusual and circuitous methods, which afforded his enemies plausible pretexts for cially as this address is: already too much injurious criticism, but no charge of mal¬ extended. His determination to practice feasance In office or improper use of his the strictest economy is shown by the opportunities was ever sustained after im¬ partial investigation. All that he had was fact that the estimate of expenditures for consecrated to the cause of his country, | the year 1784, excluding the payment of and he never hesitated to use his means ! previous claims and interest on the pub¬ and credit to promote its success. His in¬ lic debt, was only $457,328.33, about one- half the amount of the present daily re¬ dividual notes were issued for the public ceipts of the treasury. benefit to the amount of $750,000 and they Provisional articles of peace were agreed circulated at par, when the notes of the I upon at Paris on the 30th of November, government itself were at a heavy dis¬ 1782, but they were not proclaimed by the count. The Yorktown campaign, the mo-j continental congress until April 11, 17S3. mentous movement of the war, resulting! In the meantime an armistice providing in the surrender of Cornwallis and prac-; for a cessation of hostilities was con¬ tically terminating the struggle, could not j cluded on the 20th of January, 1783; and have been inaugurated or prosecuted if i finally a definite treaty of peace was en¬ Morris had not, by his personal exertions and the liberal use of his own credit, pro¬ tered into on the 3d of September, 1783, and proclaimed January 14, 1784. The war cured money to pay the soldiers and pro¬ vide transportation and subsistence. When was now over, the freedom, sovereignty, peace had been declared an unpaid and and independence of each state had been discontented army still remained to be solemnly acknowledged by Great Britain,. provided for. It was said at the time that and the young republic was everywhere^ it could neither be kept together nor dis¬ recognized as a distinct and independent, banded with safety; but Morris again camel nation. Morris had long desired to relin¬ promptly to the relifef of the country. He | quish his office, and in fact had once ten¬ succeeding in raising a sufficient amount dered his resignation, but was induced by of specie to pay for one month’s service congress to reconsider his determination and gave his own notes for three months’ and remain. On the first day of November, 1784, his resignation was again tendered pay, due in six months, and then the and accepted. He had found the treasury, world renowned soldiers of the American bankrupt, the national credit prostrated, i revolution quietly dispersed and returned the army naked, hungry and mutinous, to their homes, leaving the infant repub-I the people discontented, the currency j lie to begin its career unembarrassed by worthless, trade paralyzed and the strug¬ any fear or threat of internal discord. gle of independence growing daily feeble The services of Morris in securing loans and hopeless. He left, not a full treasury, abroad and in raising money on bills j it is true, but a national credit higher ( drawn upon our envoys in France and among capitalists abroad than that of Holland were of inestimable value to the some of the oldest nations of Europe; country and could not have been effect¬ and he left a happy and triumphant peo-| ively rendered by any other man in Amer¬ pie, with a sound currency and prosperous ica. At that time communication between trade, abundant resources and a free gov¬ this country and Europe was necessarily! ernment. Surely he had a right to claim slow and precarious, even if not inter¬ exemption from further official service; fered with by the enemy, but British but his time for rest had not yet come. privateers and vessels of war were pa-; trolling the seas in every direction and In 1786, at the solicitation of his fellow-1 citizens, he became a member of the consequently the transmission of goods, j money or bills of exchange was hazardous Pennsylvania legislature, and in 1787 he! in the highest degree. Under these cir¬ was elected a delegate to the great con¬ cumstances. in order to raise money to vention which framed the present consti¬ meet pressing emergencies, he was fre¬ tution of the United States. When that instrument had been ratified by the states quently required to give his personal guar¬ antee for the payment of the bills, and he and William Maclay were chosen the this he never refused to do. first senators from Pennsylvania. Morris Notwithstanding the prospect of an early drew the long term and served six years, peace after the surrender at Yorktown, or until 1795, when he retired finally from Morris continued to labor diligently for; public life, and thereafter his entire time retrenchment in expenditures and for a! was devoted to his private affairs, which had become seriously involved. He had strict application of business principles in been engaged in many large and hazardous public matters, and it was universally! speculative enterprises, to which he had agreed that his policy in respect to those! not given the attention which their char¬ subjects contributed very largely to the acter and importance demanded, and the increase of confidence at home and the! consequence was that he found himself improvement of the nationarcredit abroad. in his old age, after a long and honorable The instances in which he discontinued career, during which his personal credit useless expenditures by dispensing with1 had never been impaired, embarrassed with i the services of unnecessary officials, by debts, harrassed by law suits, and ulti¬ simplifying the methods of collecting and mately seized and thrown into prison. I disbursing the public funds, by changing will not dwell long on this part of his life, the manner of procuring supplies and by for it is by no means a pleasant theme. a close personal supervision of details are i When the federal capital had been lo¬ too numerous to be mentioned here, espe- [ cated on the Potomac, Morris and James Greenleaf Tjjhased from the comrflis- 135 Wtl #||gN sioners six thousand lots in the prospective ley which suggested the Indian name of city of Washington at the price of $480,- the river that flows through it, is con¬ nected with the name of Robert Morris, 000, and it is said they purchased as many and, though all others may neglect his more from other persons. He also ac¬ memory and even forget the name of the great financier of the revolution, his fame quired an interest in the Virginia Yazoo will live on in this historic region as long ■ company and owned by himself, or in as the people love the land on which their 'conjunction with others, large tracts of children were born, in which their fathers jland in Pennsylvania, North Carolina, sleep. Morris’ pecuniary affairs grew rapidly Georgia, Kentucky and New York. His worse from day to day, and finally his several purchases i*cluded many million ^creditors became so importunate that he acres of wild lands, and each transaction was compelled to remain constantly in his home to avoid them. They watched his appeared to subject him to additional loss house, even at night, and lighted fires on and to produce additional complications in his premises in order that he might be in¬ tercepted if he attempted to escape. One his affairs. of them, a Frenchman, went so far as to j By contract or treaty entered into at threaten to shoot him if he made his ap¬ ■ Hartford on the 16th day of December, pearance at a window. In January or February, 1793, he was committed to a ' 1786, between commissioners of the state [debtor’s prison, where he remained for of New York and the state of Massachu¬ more than three years and a half. It was setts, the conflicting claims of the two his habit while confined to walk around the prison yard fifty times each day and states to certain territory west of a line drop a pebble at the completion of each drawn northwardly from the thirty-second circuit in order to keep the count. Dur¬ mile stone on the boundary of Pennsyl¬ ing the hardest of his misfortunes he never became despondent or uttered a complaint vania to Lake Ontario, except a strip one except to express his profound regret that mile wide the length of Niagara river on he was unable to discharge his honest obligations. He never referred to the great its eastern side, were adjusted, Massachu¬ service he had rendered his country or ap¬ setts ceding to New York full sovereignty pealed to the sympathy or charity of the and jurisdiction over the land, and New public, but silently submitted to unjust accusations, to prolonged imprisonment York yielding to Massachusetts the pre¬ and to the indifference and ingratitude of emption or proprietary right. The tract his countrymen with heroic fortitude of thus described was supposed to contain a great noble mind.’ No period of his long and honorable career better illustrates the about six million acres. In 1788 the state stalwart and independent character of the of Massachusetts sold all the land to man than those closing years of his life. Phelps and Gorham, but they failed to pay He had stood on the very pinnacle of fame and listened to the enthusiastic Jail the purchase money, and in March, plaudits of his emancipated countrymen 1791, reconveyed about 3,750,000 acres ' to and had received even the forced homage the state. On the 12th day of March, 1791, of their defeated antagonists. He had been the confidential adviser and trusted the state sold to Samuel Ogden, who was agent of the government when a serious acting for Robert Morris, all the land ex¬ mistake would have been fatal to its ex¬ cepting one million acres or thereabouts, istence and had proved hi» statesmanship and Datriotism by the wisdom of his coun¬ which Phelps and Gorham had paid for and sels and the cheerful sacrifice of his per¬ retained. This purchase embraced all sonal interests. He had been the bosom Western New York west of the line which friend of Washington and nearly all of the great Americans whose names have I corresponded substantially, I believe, with come down to us from the last half of the the Genesee river, or, in other words, eighteenth century, and has been the peer nearly all that part of the state west of of the greatest among them. He had lived in luxury and had at his command all Rochester. In 1792 and 1793 Morris sold that wealth and political influence and 3,400,000 acres of this tract to the Holland official station could procure; but now he Land company, but the conveyances were was broken in fortune, imprisoned for at first made to other parties, probably debt, denounced as a reckless speculator ■ on accounton account of the alienage of separated from his personal friends and jthe Hollanders. Afterwards, however, con¬ ungenerously neglected by the govern¬ veyances were made directly to the indi- ment. and the people he had served so .viduals composing the company, of which long and well. But he endured it all with¬ I William Willink, through whom one of out a murmur, and after his release from the public loans in Holland had been ne¬ prison went uncomplainingly to his dis¬ gotiated while Morris was superintendent mantled home, and by the practice of of finances, appeared to have been the close economy managed to live in a tol¬ president. After this purchase a colony erably comfortable condition, for which he of Germans, consisting of seventy families, was mainly indebted to the Holland Land was formed at Hamburg and sent over to comnany, wrhich paid to Mrs. Morris as settle on the land. They were furnished long’ as she lived an annuity of $1,600. with tools and sent out to work to con¬ Morris died on the 8th day of May, 1806, struct a road from Northumberland to in the seventy-third year of his age, and Genesee, but, having come mainly from ■was buried in a little church yard on Sec¬ cities, they were unaccustomed to such ond street in Philadelphia, where his re¬ labor and the settlement finally broke up mains now rest, with no monument over in a riot. After this an office was opened them except an ordinary stone slab. The by the company, and the land was sold great country which be helped to rescue land conveyed in parcels to suit purchasers from the domination of its oppressors has uptil 1839, when its affairs were closed. grown rich and powerful under the con¬ In 1802 its office was removed to Batavia, stitution he helped to frame; the three and in 1804 the building which you ai-e million people whose liberties he helped here to-day to dedicate to the memory of to establish have multiplied until they Robert Morris was erected, and for more largely outnumber the population of the than a third of a century the titles to the mother land; the thirteen feeble states on homes of the people who now inhabit the the shores of the Atlantic which he helped counties of Erie, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus to unite under a compact perpetual peace and Niagara, except the Indian reser¬ and mutual protection have become- the vations, and nearly all the counties of progenitors of a mighty sisterhood of Orleans, Genesee, Wyoming and Alleghany prosperous commonwealths, whose con¬ were prepared and executed within its fines are limited only by the western seas; walls. Thus it is that nearly every home and still no obelisk rises to tell the story of in the western part of the beautiful val¬ his great services, his unselfish patriot- ism, his honorable life and its melancholy close. tions has called forth many commem It may be, however, that hereafter attempted explanations. And justly so. No somewhere in this broad land of ours, on account of which he sacrificed so much to great party in the history of the country make free and prosperous, there will be! ever received a defeat at the same time so gathered beneath the dome of an Ameri¬ can nantheon the remains of all our hon¬ sudden and so utter. In degree the disaster ored dead, and if so the obscure grave at may be parsially paralleled by the Republi¬ Philadelphia will give up its tenant and can defeats in 1874 and 1892 and that of the the mausoleum of Robert Morris will be- oome a consecrated shrine where genera¬ Democrats in 1872. But in 1872 the Demo* tions of freemen will uncover their heads crats had been out of power for more than a in honor of his memory as long as the republic endures. decade and that year was simply the culmi¬ Rain fell last night and early this nation of the party decadence. In 1874 Re¬ morning but the parade and programme publican maladministration growing greater were carried out to the satisfaction of a and greater with long continued power had town full of people.' The cabinet party j gradually created an independent revolt with the exception of Postmaster Gen- j within the party ranks that was finally eral and Mrs. Bissell who will depart to¬ night for Washington will leave Batavia strong enough to return a Democratic house over the Lehigh Valley road at 8 p. m. of representatives. In 1892 the McKinley for Niagara Palls where they will spend bill enormity, the Road tyranny and the Sunday leaving to-morrow evening to revel of the pampered trusts simply reversed their return to Washington. ! a victory slightly won four years before. The recent Democratic defeat, however, is unique in this, that it has occurred within only two years of an emphatic expression of public confidence and is so enormous and widespread as to preclude any question of its aSTflBhlSHED IN 1858. being the deliberate purpose of the people and in its intent punitive and exemplary. SHE HARRISBURG PATRIOT, The people who thus in so brief a space so ESTABLISHED 1818.] emphatically record two such discordant judgments are either chargeable with child¬ ish caprice or else there mast be close at hand conspicuous and powerful reasons for MiussEB dot limit Kim nun. their sudden reversal of choice. The former accusation will serve as a solution since the fHS PATRIOT COMPANY, Harrisburg, Pa, results were not brought about in conse¬ quence of any popular furor or excitement O. A. ORR, President, of the public mind. Quieter campaigns were - JOHN G. ORR, Treasurer. never witnessed in the history of the coun¬ try. The party managers indeed complained ; OFFICES IN THE PATBIOT BXJILDINO, of a state of lethargy among the people and ISO Market Street. feared a small vote. There was nothing in¬ flammatory in the issues or in the appeals made upon the stump and no election re¬ HARRISBURG, PSSNNA., sults could be less the product of paroxysms Wednesday Morning, November "1, 1894. j spasm. They were undoubtedly the de liberate act of the people. Neither were they localized as to section or limited to any class or condition of voters. East and WeBt, North and South, seaboard AFTER II BUTTLE. and inland states, mountains and prairies, manufacturing and agricultural communi¬ ties—all tell the same story of appalling A Comprehensive Review of the Causes That Democratic disaster. Surely the reasons for such a universal ex¬ Led to the Late Democratic Rout pression of public opinion ought not to be hard to find; and the motives for such a de¬ and the L' sson to Be Learned. liberate and vindictive explosion of popular wrath against a party only two years ago everywhere established in public confidence ought not to be diflicult of ascertainment. CUTS; BROftD ADVICE. Ncr are they- The mistake of most of those who have written upon this subject is that they have generally regarded the problem A Democrat of State Prominence Writes from a partisan standpoint and with a partisan ^ His Views to “The Patriot”—Condemns purpose, and this always narrows vision. They have assumed that their particular fad < Many of the President’s Methods; De- or issue brought about the result and desir j nonnoes Certain Alleged Leaders, Sug¬ Ing to keep it alone in the foreground have been wanting in comprehensiveness of view. gests Ways by Which Democratic Power The truth is that no single issue, unless it May Be Regained—Favors a Bl-Partlsan were one like that of the sixties and involv¬ and Non-Partisan TarifT Commission- ing the national life, could alone bring about such radical and widespread results. But Appeals for Democratic Reorganisation such an issue would be accompanied by ex¬ —A Good Letter, However One May Re¬ citement, passion and demonstrative fore¬ warnings of what might be expected. This gard Its Premises and Conclusions. verdict, however, as has been shown, was de¬ liberately and quietly reached and ci rendered, and was as unexpected as it To the Editor of “The Patriot.” overwhelming. Clearly a one-issue ex The Democratic rout at the recent elec¬ tion is palpably inadequate. | There is still another factthat may be re¬ ferred to relating to the result generally and colossal upheaval in Texas, whore no indus¬ that gives it a unique character. Observers try was injuriously affected by the new law, must have noted the complacency, with which and where the Democratic opposition was the mass of Democrats contemplate the party composed of free traders; nor in Tennessee, rout. Nay, it is more than complacency, it nor in North Carolina, nor in Maryland. is satisfaction that seems to beam from the Neither will it explain the Democratic losses faces of hitherto staunch partisans as they in congress districts in other places through¬ discuss the defeat. This is surely an extra¬ out th© South, where the tariff was not an ordinary feature of an extraordinary elec¬ issue and where it was not discussed. Reg¬ tion—that the vanquished should be almost ions notoriously and traditionally in favor of as well pleased as the victors. It is another low tariffs since the origin of the nation, and reason, too, why an unprejudiced and intelli¬ where Republican success was apparently gent inquirer ought to be able to hit pretty neither expected nor sought for, show the nearly upon the vital causes of the results. same unparalelled Democratic reverses. In For it is to be noted that these satisfied Kentucky Republican candidates who made Democrats would resent the suspicion that no campaign and uttered no word, who had they had become Republicans. There is no party organization and expended not a merely a hiatus in their party fealty. Their single dollar, awoke after election to find ; partisanship is in temporary abeyance. themselves chosen vessels of popular ap¬ proval. This happened in regions where no It would seem then that the results of the Republican was ever before elected to office. election ought fairly and justly to be attrib- As a consequence some Republican candi¬ dates nominated simply to fill up the party ! uted to a number of causes and these may for convenience be grouped under three heads: ticket have been unexpectedly elected to of¬ Economic eauses; party causes; and moral fices they are wholly unfit to (fill—prosecut¬ causes. The sequence follows the order of ing attorneys who never tried a ease, and \ priority in discussion and not by any means, judges who will scarcely be able to sign the : decrees of their court. i as will appear, the order of importance in in¬ fluencing results. The same is true of the vast size of the Re¬ The economic causes of course relate to the publican majorities in many localities in the tariff and the recent business depression and North—the magnitude was utterly beyond | “hard times.” Republican protectionists, expectation and without premonition or ap¬ especially the direct beneficiaries of protec¬ parent cause. Moreover, and most suggest¬ tion, and their allies assign the Democratic ively, the greatest volume _of gain is in the defeat and popular uprising solely to the pas¬ strongest Democratic localities and not in the sage of the Wilson bill. If this were so it doubtful ones. Wilson’s defeat by 2,000 in a would only prove what is probably a fact, normally doubtful district and after a con¬ that any party responsible for a new and test specially waged against him and with general tariff law is almost certainly doomed unlimited money poured into it from the pro¬ to defeat at the succeeding election. Observe tected interests of the whole countrj, is how it works. The Republican party passed trivial compared with the Republican gains the McKinley bill.; a bill in the line of the of congressmen in the strongest and almost hitherto policy of the government, but still overwhelming Democratic districts of New a bill making many changes in duties and York city, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and eaus'ng a general economic disturbance in Maryland. business. They were driven from legislative The unexpected magnitude of the majori¬ poweT immediately after in 1890 and from ties likewise is the best of evidence that the executive power in 1892. Two years were most conspicuous issue was not the most po¬ insufficient for business to be restored to I tential one. There must have been un¬ equanimity by adjustment to the new law. avowed, but deeper seated motives guiding | The Democrats pass the Wilson bill making the voters. There was no evidence that i general and numerous changes in tariffs, but Democrats in any appreciable number in¬ in the opposite direction, and the Democratic tended to abandon their party because of j party is hurled from power within three the tariff. In no section.had any number of I months. Now these two illustrations merely Democratic business men avowed themselves prove that each party responsible for a new against the Wilson bill or its policy. On the general tariff law was punished at the next contrary there was accumulated evidence I election. And this is all it proves. It makes that as far as the issue on that bill was con¬ neither for nor against the biil itself. It is cerned there would be no “landslide.” In what always has happened—what happened Pennsylvania, the Democratic candidate, ] on the passage of all the earlier tariff laws— Mr. Singerly, usually cool-headed and and what probably always will happen. It sagacious, after a three weeks’ tariff reform 1 proceeds from the feet that any general campaign throughout the state returned with the hopeful declaration that the De¬ change in tariffs necessarily brings about as a mocracy would come to Philadelphia even first result financial disturbance, business re¬ on the vote with the Republicans. It “came” verses, general depression and “hard times.” in fact with just about 160,000 against it. The country requires considerable time to Evidently Mr. Singerly was ludicrously adjust its business to the new changes and hoodwinked or else there were no indica¬ where these are general so niacy localities tions of a “ground swell.” Neither did the and industries are temporarily disturbed Republicans expect one. They were confi¬ that there results a burst of wide spread op¬ dent of decided success and the Democrats position to the party responsible for the looked for an emphatic drubbing, but changes. Every man whose profits or wages neither the one nor the other anticipated are lowered or whose business is suddenly a political earthquake. The evidence for it disturbed, without waiting to see the ulti¬ did not exist even to the eyes of the most mate result of the new law or considering sanguine. It should be remembered also whether others are benefited, becomes pan¬ that economic reasons for a change of party icky and resentful and votes against the party in power. are those which a voter has the least reluc¬ tance to discl' so. Verily, 245 001 in Penn¬ While the Wilson tariff law may therefore sylvania, 150,000 in New York, 000,000 in ! be freely conceded to have operated as a po¬ Ohio and 50,000 in Now Jersey are majorities tent factor in the elections, yet it leaves the magnitude of which the tariff issue alone much of the results unaccounted for. It will will simply not explain, which no such single not explain even partially for instance the issue could explain and which never crossed the fairy vision of the rosies't Republican I -it on theirbellles and some on dreams. breech.” Men with strange and uncou-u names, of whom the party had never heard, Lot it not be forgotten that the due polit¬ became holders of the most important port¬ ical effect of that issue is not belittled in tbis folios. It was asked whether there was anv discussion. The admission has been frankly necessary connection between abdominal made tbat the passage of a general law re¬ girth and mental span and if so why the ducing tariffs necessarily was inimical to little private secretary of a former adminis¬ Democratic success and would alone have tration became the minister of war of this. been sufficient to have brought about defeat The answer was made that he was to be the The inquiry is as to the causes of the sadden detective of the concern and therefore would almost fabulous, disaster that fell upon the still be a private secretary. By this system party without a whisper of its coming and of exclusion of eminent or conspicuous talent that smote it throughout the entire country the president estranged all the party chiefs In addition however to the anticipated and and the White House was visited only by usual result of the passage of a general law mediocre and unknown men who seemed reducing duties the party was obliged also chiefly recommended by their sycophancy. to suffer from the unwise and gratuitous in¬ If this estrangement had only related to the New York senators it would have been terjection into the oampaign of President Cleveland’s petulant letter to Mr. Wilson at consistent enough but it involved the most the time the bill became a law. The bill sagacious and trusted Democratic statesmen. itself was not permitted to have an unem- The president seemed to have a penchant for little men. It was said that this proceeded +i?1T^.8e<* the inevitable opposition that it must have created the nresident added from his overweening vanity and his dispo¬ sition to dictatorial wi ys and assumption of the more incendiary element of an assault upon his party representatives for its pass- the possession of peculiar genius in states¬ age and an assertion that it would not bo manship. And this may well have been the cause. _ The Democratic party had been permitted to stand as the law, but must be followed by changes and tinkering of a more turned into a Cleveland party. The most ex¬ radical character. If this was not "Dartv cessive adulation was heaped upon the victor perfidy” it was delirious folly and Hotspur in two campaigns. It was slid that he alone statesmanship. could lead the party, that the triumph was So, too, the undefined policy of the presi¬ his alone, that he, alone, could have won the dent as to silver coinage was another victory and that his will alone should gov¬ economic cause that undoubtedly lost the ern. He was called the “Moses” of the party, party many votes, especially in the West forgetful of the fact that there is a close re- lation between that name and Egyptian tSrVftPfeal/f^th? fherman lfw, to which tfienpaTty stood pledged, was well enough slavery. Nothing could have added more to m its way and just, but it was to be ex¬ the party degradation than this fawning and pected from even tyros in statesmanship grovelling attitude. A party is in the last stages of decay when it stands only for a that some legislation would be suggested in place of that to be repealed. Indeed the man rather than a body of sound principles and when it has but one statesman regarded £??? fw Tlre*8,wero given t0 nnder- as capable of leadership. And this was the rnnBol AhatK if the Sherman law were only repealed a brilliant currency scheme would -condition of the Democratic party. Thej be disclosed by the president. Well, the moat unmanly and nauseating extollation law was repealed but no hint has ever of Cleveland pervaded the utterances of the come from president or cabinet officer of party journals. It was high treason to crit¬ - any plan to restore silver to its just place icise anything ho did or said or speak well of any one he was supposed to dislike or who Wang medium. ThuB, against the solemn declaration of the platform on which disliked him. Thera was one master and all I others were serfs. Cleveland was elected he has inveigled hial party into practical silver demonetization! That this was gratifying to the president sirLtmKnf0metB'-li3®: may suit Wall street but again it is a strikingly good is apparent from his method in dealing with imitation of “party petfidy.” "the offices. His action herein was consistent! to but one idea—the reward of those who ad¬ vanced his personal ambitions. Thus he was And this leads logically to a consideration against the party machine in those states EKi of the party causes tbat helped to bring where it was against him and for it in those about the Democratic “slump.” President states where it served his purposas. He res¬ Cleveland began his second term with a olutely stood out against the corrupt and re¬ course of conduct tbat made the disin¬ volting Tammany machine in his own state, tegration of his party organization inevitable. where it was against him; but he heaped! Within sixty days after hi3 inauguration he offices and honors upon the followers of an j bad estranged almost every potential party equally corrupt but infinitely less capable' leader. j.nis he did nofc upon any ground of 'thongh strictly Cleveland machine in Penn-; * principle or party doctrine but from sheer sylvania. The civil service reform flag I want of tact and common political sagacity might float over the Federal departments in He seemed forgetful of the fact that there New York but the banner of the spoilsmen were any Democratic statesmen before his was run to the masthead in Pennsylvania.1 arrival. His cabinet was constructed with¬ That this was the president’s own work noi out any regard to party cohesion or party man could doubt. Beyond any former chief! strength. It was not the cabinet of a chief magistrate he personally ladled oat the; magistrate of a nation, or the council table offices down to the lowest tide waiters ! of a political chieftain but a club of chums Again and again were cabinet officers obliged and personal favorites. With one exception to confess tbat they could not fill the most j—-Sacrotary Carlisle—it contained no party inconsiderable offices without the president's

vtleader of, even local-my repute or average wiogo ability.auiuiiv, let. ^Upon what principle ic was made up no man Such a low condition of party spirit could logically guess. It was so devoid of could result in only one thing—impotency i political meaning that it naturally invited in the organization and the reign of ignoble caricature and thus the jocular saying be¬ men. It was party emasculation. The came curient, referring to the physical con¬ party waited for the president to speak j formation of certain members, that “Some before it presumed to have a mind of itsj V'vW 139 % -

own. Able and self-respecting men there¬ the conscience of the people was against the fore retired to the ranks and the president Democratic organization. The God fearing, stood solitary, stolid, self-satisfied, oracular, church going people whether Democrats or with his devotees on their knees around Republicans and the honorable matronage him. and womanhood of the land resolved to de¬ ! Mr Watterson in a recent article upon the stroy an organization that stood for the election results truthfully summarizes the ! brothel, the rum shop, the gambling den, the condition thus: “With some (Democrats) the I dive and the race track. Whatever effect “object of distrust has been the administra¬ the business depresiion had on the vote (and tion—with others the congress — with all it was considerable) infinitely beyond it all “the party organization wherever it showed and confined to no section or class, was the “itself.” Yes—the party organization. And moral revolt against the leaders and organi¬ whether that organization was Cleveland or zation of the Democracy. At the hearth¬ anti-Cleveland it was equally bad aud stone of American homes, by the bedside of everywhere incompetent. ' righteous fathers and mothers, the solemn and religious resolve was made that hurled Closely allied to this aTe the moral causes the Democratic allies of crime to utter anni¬ that brought about the Democratic wreck. hilation. This only will explain, the 45,000 A survey of the animus and trend of the against Tammany in New York city and the Democratic organization for three or four 85,000 majority against the Harrity machine years past shows that it was uniformly on in Philadelphia; this only will explain the the wrong side of every moral question 150,000 majority in the state of New York, and fostered the moat odious vice and cor¬ I the 50,000 in New Jersey and the 243,000 in ruption. If this had been true only ef the Pennsylvania—and this only will explain Tammany organiza’.ion in New York, Cleve¬ the stupendous Republican majorities land’s attitude of hostility to it would have throughout the country and the virtual localized the effect of the disclosures of the eiimination of the Democracy from the gov¬ ILexow investigation. But the same im¬ ernment of the natioa. Verily this is a peachment is true also in degree of those people after all “whose God is the Lord.” organizations pampered by the president’s And as a leading Democratic journal in New favors. In New York the grog shop, the York said commenting on the party defeat: brothel and the gambling hell were shown " The experience will be reversed if neces¬ to be in partnership with the Democratic sary, for truth has come to stay and the Ten machine. In New Jersey a prince of gamb¬ | Commandments have been made the constitu¬ lers and the proprietor of an infamous river tion of the conscience of America.” resort held the party in the hollow of his 'hand and dictated the legislation at Tren¬ One other factor in the elections must not ton. In Pennsylvania, the cities and the be overlooked. No man can tell how far the legislature being Republican, the same prac¬ anti-foreign and American issue entered into tices could not be resorted to, but an acci¬ the vote. That it was considerable and prob¬ dental executive recreant to the pledges on ably strongly controlling is likely. As has I which he was elected said himself to a been said the repeilant Democratic machines 1 base and corrupt machi ne and to a colossal were everywhere under the control of the /railroad trust that aimed to monopo¬ foreign element—the worst foreign element lize the entire anthracite coal production of —the foreign element allied with rum and j the United States. In Baltimore the roughs vice. No Democrat would ostracise any man l and toughs and criminal classes were the merely for his lineage or creed, but every pillars and buttresses of the organization. Democrat and every good citizen ought to I In Chicago a Democratic mayor turned that oppose a vicious, depraved and un-American (city into a Sodom of iniquity to welcome at class controlling the organization. So too it j the great fair guests from all over the wor d. may be noted that the Democratic party in i The whisky trust stood in undisputed tran- its platforms had nothing to say in favor of • quility in a Democratic congress that was preserving the public schools and school , pledged to hostility to all trusts. Under the funds free from partisan or sectarian control. guise of opposition to sumptuary laws the Was it fear of the foreign vote that produced I'Democracy was in a position of hostilitv to this silence? If so it is not to be wondered at l all legislation restricting the liquor traffic in l that the party received blows from unex¬ I the interests of temperance. The aftermath pected quarters, It is useless to disguise the i of Democratic supremacy in Illinois was tact that the preservation of the common ! a wild governor of that state breathing out school system of America is a real issue and threatenings and slaughter in the interest the Democracy was silent on this issue. of murder and anarchy. With hut few ex¬ ceptions all public measures looking to the What now are the lessons to be gathered restraint of social vice and the promotion of from this review of the elections? They .social purity we re opposed by the Democratic must certainly be plain to all but those to ; organization. No word of comfort, no line whom they mean repudiation and obscurity. | of cheer appeared in any Democratic plat-1 ■]Tke Democracy must first thoroughly re¬ | form favorable to such movements. organize itself. The defeat it has suffered And everywhere the foreign element al- will be lasting and mean the death of the |lied to the rum shop dominated the Demo-: party unless it dismisses tbe men and the : cratic management. The Crokers and Shee methods that have been so signally con¬ bans and Paddy Divvers and that ilk in demned by the people. No half way meas¬ i.New YoTk, had their counterparts in the ures will serve. The rotten garment cannot Harritye and Doyles and Evans and Sievins be patched so as to answer any longer. (in Pennsylvania and the Billy Thompsons ! Bruisers, gamblers, dive keepers, “the j and the race track jockeys in New Jersey. roosters, ringsters and ruffians” whom can¬ ^ j Civil service reform was simply a mockery didate Singerly so truthfully denounced as l and however the president might talk on in command in Pennsylvania, must ■ bdjj that subject his appointees notably in Penn fairly good grammar and led a Democratic aylvania were holding a high carnival and governor, attorney general, deputy attorney ! spoilsman’s dance. Under the direction of general, adjutant general, and all the official the national Democratic chairman the ma¬ outfit to the rostrum to extol Grover Cy' is¬ chine in that state levied contribution in : land and tariff reform. all the Federal departments, called every ap- ipoiDtee to the stump who conld speak 'Eng¬ It is useless to dodge the glaring lish without too marked^ an accent and in ruthlessly and instantly driven to the rear. Clean handed, honestly em¬ All attempts,” said Andrew Jackson in a ployed, decently living men must be brought message to congress, “to connect them (far¬ to the front. American sympathies, Ameri¬ in'*) with the party conflicts of the day are can impulses and American jdeas must char¬ necessarily injurious and shon d be discoun¬ acterize the organization. The foreign tenanced. Our action upon them should be voter must have no disproportionate promi¬ under the control of purer and higher mo¬ nence or control. Honest government, mu¬ tives Legislation subjected to such influ¬ nicipal reform, the suppression of vice and ences can never be just and will not long re¬ the restraint of places of intemperance, tain the sanction of the people.” How wise' gambling and impurity must receive the How prophetic! whole hearted and unequivocal support of The Wilson bill was smothered as an issue the party. Free public schools, adequate for and forced in the background when the presi¬ all the children of the people and free from dent mcddlesomely and violently told the partisan or sectarian control, must be a fun-1 counfry with explosive epithets that “war” damental Democratic doctrine. Party pledges' on tar.ff duties was to be kept up and the must be fully redeemed. Hypocritical men “struggle was to go on,” and with other who obtain office under pledges of reform martial phrases and dislocated poetical quo¬ and then—like Pattison in Penneylva tations announcad that there was to bo no nia—hand themselves over to “ringsters, rest to business, no time for experiment, no roosters and ruffians” must be openly re¬ opportunity for test and trial if he could pudiated. Civil service reform, honestly j have his way. The Wilson bill was not at¬ lived up to, mast be a cardinal principle of | tacked either in its j ustness or conservatism I the party. The party must not advocate by the great industries of the country. It this doctrine when out of power and scorn it was accepted by the country with some when in power. In short the party must proper criticism aa to details, and had the give the people the assurance of good govern¬ Democrats? been pledged to its presant un¬ ment conducted by reputable men. disturbed msinfeDance the conservatism of business would hive sustained it in the interest of repose. But Mr Cleveland, with Probably the most signal truth of the elec-1 the ardor of a convert and with the bump¬ tions is that theoretic doctrines are no longer tiousness of an overpraised and overwor¬ sufficient to sustain a party. The broad con¬ shipped distributor of spoils, forced his per¬ stitutional principles are all irrevocably set¬ sonality into the issue wish the declaration tled. The nation is a fixed fact with its in¬ that nothing was settled or would be settled stitutions and fundamental laws established until the extremest of bis theories were in¬ and parties must be judged hereafter by continently written into the law. This their performances in practically conducting meant death to the Democratic hopes and the government for the popular good. Thel death to tbs Wilson bill as an issue in the Independent and Mugwump has disappeared election. Every business man who wanted from our politics as a balance of power rest from further tariff tinkering voted against simply because all right thinking ‘and pa¬ the party. triotic citizens have become Mugwumps and Independents. _ The consciences of men must But nevertheless, the Wilson bill is the be reckoned with hereafter and not their passions and prejudices merely. Parties are law and will remain the law for at least two to be the instruments of the voter and not years. Two years, however, are not enough his master. to test any general tariff law and what,, there-! As to the tariff it must likewise ba treated fore, for the future is the attitude of wisdom 1 as a matter of practical administration and for the Democracy and for all tariff reformers not a theory to be passed upon with a dozen not consumed with vanity or blinded by other issues in a partisan struggle for innu¬ ignorance? Surely it ought to be to give the merable offices state and local entirely dis¬ new law a chance—a chance to vindicate' connected from the matter rf national itself or prove itself a mistake. finances The principle of tariff reduction Unless, therefore, the president is im¬ is hopelessly handicapped whin injected as pervious to any ideas but those generated in an abstraction into a congest for official his own inner consciousness he should spoils. Tariff reformers must recognize the abandon all thought of any further tariff fact that even the best and most beneficial legislation for the present, and so avowing, theories should be applied in pr»r>i;«cal gov¬ in deference to the judgment of the Ameri¬ ernment only in a practical unuuor. Ex can people expressed at the polls, he should isting business conditions must tn> recognized j make some such recommendation to congress j a3 the following: and duly considered and ->x pod ■*■<•■ ■•>' must be ever kept in view by all wise legislators That a commission composed of three tariff' and executives. All departments of politics reformers, to roe protectionists (to ba desig¬ aie necessarily experimental and nothing is nated by the Republican congressional com¬ more to be dreaded in a government than mittee), and one non partisan of either view | a statesman or a party that ignores means be appointed by the president to investigate i and timeliness in achieving even a just end1 and take testimony touching the operation or applying even a just theory. This is es¬ of the laws relating to customs duties and in¬ pecially true of so intricate and diversified a ternal tsxes and report thereon with such subject as tariff or finance. Hence it should recommendations as they shall see proper to be the desire of all tariff reformers—of all the congress assembled March 4, 1899. free traders—of all but the special benefi-! Such a plan would take the tariff out of ciaries of protection to have the tariff issue j politics for at least five years. It would per¬ as far as possible divorced from party pol¬ mit the next president and congre-s to be itics. The proprietors of protected indus¬ elected without reference to that subject. It would make the commission so independent tries of course would desire as much passion j and partisanship and as many unrelated is- i of any current political effect of its sittings sues as possible protruded into a campaign to | and the testimony taken that there would ba cloud the facts that show how their purses [ no inducement for it to act with a political are fattened at the general cost. But the view. The distant time at which it is to re¬ tariff reformer should desire calmness, quiet, I port would be the merit of such a plan. It deliberation and absence of partisanship I would give ample time for full hearings, a when such an isaue is under consideration.! comprehensive collection of facts, an adequate trial of the new law and the dissipation of

ft any temporary effects of tariff changes. _ The personal composition of the commission would secure it from a partisan preponder¬ ance and the designation of the protectionist members by the Republicans of congress would secure a faithful representation of that policy. Any recommendation by such a body would be likely to be promptly acted upou by a congress and president elected with a view to the consideration of such a report. There, would be no abd.cation or superseding of the legislative power by the creation of such a body. It would be equiva¬ lent merely to the appointing of a non- partisan standing committee on tariffs—a thing impossible as congress is now consti¬ tuted. This or some similar plan is neces¬ sary for a full and impartial survey of one : of the most intricate and delicate subjects connected with govern mjpt. _ If this or a plan reseMiling it should be made the policy of tha\K>emocracy and a reorganization of the par™ should take place such as has been outlined then may it lift i up its head and challenge public respect and approval. If, however, nothing of this kind is dooe aad if the fatal policy and still more fatal and ignoble leadership and organization aTe continued or merely ve¬ neered over with deceptive modifications the existence of the Dsmocratic party will end by the next election. But even then the uncorrupted masses who compose the Democracy and whose action brought about the late results will not be without an or¬ ganization and will not want for leaders ! The people make parties and necessity ere* I ates leaders. Obsebveb.

Wk PHII

United States and o£ Penn shall be the rule of my gove The Governors the security of persons, j liberty and reputation my care, and my best endeavo be exerted to fulfil all of yi sonable and just expectatior of Pennsylvania. died on the 24th of June, 17: 83 years. Simon Snyder was born in ter, November 5, 1759, of Gen A GALAXY OF BRILLIANT MEN THAT HAVE rents. He was poor but an soon entered the law and in GUIDED THE SHIP OF STATE.

Comprehensive Review of the Chief Executives of the Commonwealth From the Time of William Penn to That of Daniel Hartman Hastings.

BY GEORGE BARTOIM.

When General Daniel Hartman the dignity which it deserved. He flastings takes his seat at Harris¬ erected an Executive Mansion on the burg he will be the twenty-first Gov¬ block that is now bounded by Market, ernor of Pennsylvania elected by the Chestnut, Front and Second streets. vote of the people under the Consti¬ The house stood almost in the middle tution. Thomas Mifflin was the first of this inclosure. It was two stories of these, and he began his term of high, very plain and built of red office December 21, 1790. Prior to brick. Besides this, Penn had a coun¬ that time the changes in the form of try seat at Pennsbury, on the Dela¬ selecting the head of the State Gov¬ ware, above Bristol. He seemed to ernment were so numerous as to be prefer this to his other house, and "'confusing, even to the Indians,, who came and went in a finely-appointed never had any trouble with the'ir or¬ barge, and in a manner befittipg his der of succession. The first known high position. The mansion on the government began in 1624, when Delaware cost $47,000, a very large Cornelius Jacobsen May became sum for those days. It is evident that “Director” of the Colonies on the Penn was not better off than the Andrew G. Curtin. Delaware and of the Province of Penn¬ statesman of the present day, and sylvania. He had particular charge was no more successful in avoiding find him elected a member of 1 of the “Dutch on the Delaware;” criticism. In “News from Pennsyl¬ vention that framed the cons of the following year. In 1797 after that the Swedes took a hand. vania,” published in London in 1703, Then came the “Dominion of the elected a member of the H we read the following: Representatives of which bi Dutch,” which was followed by the “Our present Governor, William “Colony United.” The Duke of York 1802 he was chosen Speak! Penn, wants the sacred unction, next made the run for Govern experimented for a while after this, though he seems not to want majesty, appointing Governors and Com- ning by a majority of over* for the grandeur and magnificence of thousand. He served three ti his mien is equivalent to that of the Grand Mogul, and his word in many instances as absolute and binding. Thp gate of his house or palace is always guarded with a janizary, armed with a varnished club of nearly ten feet long, crowned with a large head, embossed and chased as an hieroglyphic of its master’s pride. There are certain days of the week appointed for audience, and as for the rest you must keep your dis¬ qo tance. His corps du guard generally pejmoddB }ssq 3fll Sutaq - consists of seven or eight of his chic -e.t XiqBnrBAUi sja^nq iSBO u •^iggjst—Jioth ecclesiastical a, oj jutod sAijosfqo ‘anu2 oj.S |||p*ofllSUI ’ays attend hirr-^0-10 -ss-Bd: 8081 ‘°-l0:*s jo Xjpeioads v se>i more. W'U auau saoijd jno jsaAt |P?5isnq oj. ISS13 “ ‘Suijnods qaa-ijs uoj.iEqAi !HfI + •- ’V. • i»P uoaS qjut ajaduioo pun sju jo ssou -jns aq; ‘fl.tBio H D '-id 1° 9flX Jo’iduia Aeqj, ■e oSbubui oj juajad ’OTJAl aSaUOO BtuuAliCsuuaa ■E.ia v. -PtABCkJJXi pTT^IIIIIinn ‘•oo -S’ Aauux>ioH ui'BUUAV -oja ‘maxiuBR j>««“» gU«au —... mpm - -voot jwa am a0U!!S ‘suiBjano A'au oj *iPiLxBj ‘any ■'•anuSAB aifcS&ifi' “SSL pub mAos am uioaj »P«\ Maanoos pux? J^tp ^ gtou13a>a mqj s.iaquinu jb Xuaxuqs.W -aAB nxmXssBa ^ 0AU Li „r« “% r,?»r « sbxi aauaJMBT; V ajAl ™ ™ SUB3XU „3AH OJ aAp P ;^0O®s jo XPIBIXT: vsuaanb pub i° ?o Spu«iq SuxpBat am II® sty JOJ sunoi uqof ^ puB aoxad ‘aim® oj n s«W® paxdnooo uaaq ■ “« :r“ C S UXAA sxuoojaJBAx sw »“*'» SSSfoo'loo « %IM MOl JB spoos poo ■ .gjojjTBUt- °bi4_ P o y rarVPT SIU IO 12HI T3 STSU WW b- 1 =*, /.T1TO b pajBjxssaoau uoos W* p0oo -sufc-. 01 papaapons Anuaoaa A jo, a»m «88P ”SS?pul8 •jj?) „saoua A“lanmnssi!J4 anuaA'q °,,-pIoo'AubSooo Ha bubiiUAVpuB slsaJ3JW ^ ui paiisnqBjsa-lP^ ®l p“ad b si ‘joj -IBaa -m5^- inq ’ o,;T jo aoBds th' Suoi jo .lamno-JIBU l » .3ulooduI13US I nuuAssBa 1ZSI&1[‘4a ‘Suu-ien -audoad aqx ®PXO „a,r>uuo pub .saipBi joop 03SX UX jo juaxm-iossy o pub Sutnno-atBq s uoupum pu *^s -paq ‘sjadJBO Jur.IAi panoojires oj uoxjuajlB O ,0TXBds WOB « W*?iy .•jrtwS «f«i qjuaajxiS ^]"°s ^^^pdLuisoo •jaaj a-iBXiPs 00r-X J omql,(juio3 ‘daai JIBq PUB SUXABUS U +H -0ODBqOJ ‘SOT ajnn awuj sS^n01i b oaxxl-^ I _•CiTT'-"•SUOI 001 Aq ^**11; opQT sxuoo.ia.iB^ui •jeuqna -a IUBXIUA_^,Is-.r puB sjbSio jo aun ouy. b gapB-iS ■ qtxjssao FsxAoad PUB ^xnq^mmxoa ,o s £ jq ‘anuaAB s

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Li'UIA, SUyUAV morning, ni'CCMW.. obtained Cnmpbeirs Station. Knoxville, Wild- Con HoriP0US?.IV.anla- North a™ 8dj«at Harrlsl,urff No- itei- was Governor from P,?nWar “PPpmted Collector The Governors slml'/beSt^eCruiend of pei lort of Philadelphia by P f'lnnliy tto”pCr SSih,B”T‘iS Johnson, but through the hoi V' ,,w“s ai’I'Olntcd Brlga.ller-Gen- trlnt." Afir.t. ... '* V"- Pa¬ care, and niGlir:bta |e5atlor u service In the mlll- bi™?J?rlty ot thJohn Andrew Shulze the Commonwealth, and afterwards from 1828 to 1829. -~ev was Governor fairs InaTlna he/'vas ‘no mini of Daniel Hartman Hastings. serving two terms, the State Sen -ni.r.mln'! took up the study of the law. which He was born July n1J. 1775. In Berks county, being the'sor thii’itrTas bn,hn8rfat Bucce8a- F“ f ".'in °‘ “ clergyman buf,a step lo ‘be political of the German Lull.,Eutht-run Church. He to vL, , ,, "3 natural gifts shone BY GEORGE BARTON, began to study f„forr (the ministry, but 10 great advantage. He was nom on account of u rhe unintlc affliction ,ila. ■ ,for Governor In 187S and was ordered to seek Prior to if. S.y plaln and built large vote, but was de that lime the changes in the form of rlck- Resides this, Penn had1 whV.i, S-m° t,nJe pr,or to hls death' selecting 'the head of the State Gov- > seat at Pennsbury. on th |rNn«.tes.11&al'a again »om!'.lat. Memberd,C1892d 3t W1,kesba"e Del S&.tte'*..*!*'* »«■«»" Robert Emery Pattlson was born C\en to me Indians, . 1 s^h0toGlJ'as Governor from December 8. lSoO. at Quantlco, Some " . any trouble with their 1S-.I to lS3o. He was born of Ger¬ tier of succession. TheTh<■"«!' •' .‘“T or- barge aand"innM ‘n a ,lnely'appo,nted man parents August 12, 1777 the In¬ set county, Maryland. Five years eovernment began in ... teresting event taking place in Allen later his father, a Methodist minister .»a?.', ‘agsy vjrrrs township. Northampton county He removed to Philadelphia! He was J?C?,bSen~ Muy'" became I fmlf rtusl "TverDarxe I educated In the public schools, being Director of the Colonies on the r>U’ tor ,h°se days. It Is evident thni studied Inw and then entered politics Henry «. Hoyt. for his support of Thomas Jefferson %&•,the High School. He Delaware and of the Province of Penn 1 l enn wa's not bot(,.,. ,,ff ,hnn ,V. 1 Atf1 WgJ-HUnded patriot appointed Mr. Wolf postmaster of Easton lb- fished at Harrisburg by Simon Carne- times elected to 'Cmi- ron. In the fall of 1827 he purel.as- ed the Lycoming "Gazette" ami f, frlerwl To a tho!'e bel»ff a pronounced ph*^wrjp.,a,aGeorge Wolf ln 1835. ’ made president of the Chestnut Street it?io aPh°lnted Auditor-General in National Bank, but in July 1890 he 18-1- and was elected State Senator was again nominated by the Demo¬ Andrew G. Curtin in 1894. He cratic party for Governor and wis nominated for Governor in 1S57 elected by a plurality of 10,554. His and was triumphantly elected by a terni will expire in January next majority of more than 14.000 votes. Governor James Adams Beaver ..■as born near Mlllersvllle, Pa Oc- armed with a He sprang from the people and was ten feet long. ■ arnlshed club of nearly opponent of Intolerance of all mnnr-,rV m^7' H° ‘S “ Self-fflado crowned wifi. a iargJ ....ms, political or religious, H.- man and hls services in the cause of dled September 27. 1870 h s country are sufficient to endear It Is Unpossible to do credit to the him to the people. During the war memory of Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin, In the brief limits that must necessarily be set In an article f this character. Suffice it to say that n- '•"-erlshable fame as one of

11',ru",V'! B' M' ' -*'i"g after: .....'ds to the law school of Dlcklns..n 7' i;'" marches grandly College. He was admitted t.. • before lllm andA-his train, and some¬ tice in 1S39 and soon won a r. ,,i.t times proclamation Is made to clear tlon as a persuasive advocate H- the way. At the M ‘etlngitouse, llrst naturally drifted Into polities and In William leads the ^-i^g^^mltrhtv af an elector on the Taylor ticket. A few years later he was ML,. wheels .net convenl^^^^^ir.’* talked of for Governor, but lie st.-p- -mow the mighty dTnl^L..' ped aside for Pollock, wlio made him ording to their severul movlngs^li. hls Secretary of State. Aft-r tins I then for the nhAi.no t?—. a he resumed hls law practice, but th- slavery Issue was growing more im¬ portant and Curtin from the first was i,-j mougnt to an earnest opponent of pro-slavery H, Vv4 Vy a treaty between aggression. When the Issue finally ■■1 and England, by which all of shaped Itself In l.StiU. Curtin was [Settlements- in America were chosen as the destined leader and ■*rre'd to England. candidate Tor Governor. He made an ■f at ,his period that ■William aggressive campaign and was . lect-d ■Rime opportunely to the front bV a. majority of 34,000. This el-c- lie that' ,Caperl"B ab°ut court in had an important national infiu- and largely contributed to the General Beaver received four wounds lam^Fox'S •■Book r,"o of Abraham Lincoln to the and the last one was of such a ser¬ Presidency. Shortly after the .dee- ious nnture that it was necessary to U some disposition^ of'an-ernor' don of Curtin the clouds of impend¬ L!| «r ’.pninionw, ilth come be¬ amputate one of his legs. By virtue ing war became darker It was at of the gallant services he rendered lt a i ,bat r0yal profligate this time that Curtin formed the at Cold Harbor, Va., he was made Bo the m,n,8.^n. ,uJ'n,"8 H all now famous Pennsylvania Reserv-s brigadier-general of volunteers ■ the ;I,U 1 bul thrifty Penn It has been said that no State at anv period ot the world’s history ever by brevet and no soldier returned to lllieathedd,Q".a.k0, s f,llher died private life with a consciousness ot ■m V.1 to hls Sun William a j°d for its soldiers as tenderly as did Pennsylvania under Curtin's having done more faithful duty than ■Idov for him"Tilln thef orcharter,£,,;",,( ’of Thlsthe I leadership. The system of soldiers' did General Beaver. After the war he returned to the practice of law ■ ?onny r,?'a- Tl,ls name, nc- orphans schools was conceived and B..,,,'! letter of the founder Planned by him. Hls political sup¬ and took an active part in politics. ld upon >t In opposition to port was as valuable to Lincoln as He wa* nominated for Governor in hls military aid. The address of tfi ■ 188_, but owing to dissensions In loyal Governors In 1S62, which en¬ the Republican party he was defeat¬ couragedcourugea thetne President^resident to. • issue his ed. In 18SG he was again the unani¬ famous call for 300.000.3un non waswn« tfi-»i. mous choice of the party for Gover- come of Curtin’s fertile brain. nnrnor, andana after an exciting canvass. plte hls protests he was unanimously In which the Prohibition party took renominated Governor and elected by a part, he was elected by a plurality an immense majority. On the expi¬ of over 40,000. His administration ration of hls second term the L-gls- was a wise and patriotic one. He Inture passed a series of eulogistic still lives an honored resident of resolutions to the great war Gover¬ Bellefonte, and recognized as an able nor. President Grant appointed Cur¬ lawyer and an unflinching Repub¬ tin Minister to Russia. He resigned lican. this soon, and because of disappoint¬ The career of Governor-elect Daniel ment at the actions of hls own carte Hartman Hastings Is too fresh In the became a Democrat. He served public mind to need extended notice three terms in Congress and then re¬ this time. He was born Febru- tired to take a deserved rest in his peaceful mountain retreat nt Belle- fonte. Governor Curtin died nt his home only a little more than a month ago. John White Geary, the last of the Governors under the Constitution of 1838, was bom near Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland county. He was a sur¬ leslnnlng AVIth Tbomm. AUfflln fo veyor ln hls early days, but when the Tlirec 'IVrutn und lending With war with M-Xieo b|-,,|;.It G. .M . Joseph Iiltuer. was ope of the first to volunteer. In the storming of Chapultepec he was *hom™ Nllfflln was the first Gov- I wounded. On January 22, 184'd. Pres¬ L ,hp Constitution of 1790 ident Polk In recognition of his ser¬ He was born In Philadelphia ln 1744 vices lu the Mexican war appointed n?esimd0yS thc‘ dls(|nctlon of having him postmaster of San Francisco Sta r,w ''i ,he de8tlnles of the With authority to create postofflces. "Mv'emmt"6 Wrlte3 Januarj- 5. Mate for eleven years. He was appoint postmasters, establish mail • tlie mm,a y eonl'rmed to £?*' two years president of the routes and make contracts for carry¬ th, Irmi °f Pennsylvania, a Supreme Executive Council ing the malls through California. He - fathe/ TUk e"Vl ln bonor thrL served as Governor tol was elected first Mayor of San Fran¬ 1 eboae New Wales cisco and In 1850 was commissioned tr’wbaPre!iy blby eountry, Governor of Kansas. On the assump¬ i«nen the secretary, a tion of the Presidency by Buchanan Vnl.«)'s5mrni ’° bave " ealled and the raising of the slavery Issue to It and Jn/’ aTLd they ad-uck out andhd„ereT he General Geary hp ? been the maker of hls <- ' - Thomas McKean. »ho was Gover- ei.nu UL ,-1I1IBVIV.ima u.\ B.OH-LUI ! vuues.tu xie ueeanie a sc nblm PS8t.aiid ,bp^ald t a k o people of the State. He served two 1 and then superlntende , terms with fidelity to the people mid schools of Bellefonte. For two years 1 d .pd nn honored citizen. February 8, I fio was assistant editor of the Belle- as It ti '•••“«; of"'?. .v.vjHssi cs.-“t my_ fatl|^. I prominent In the lad Rllls'"'"ra»i I tl« r,,l.r„„a „ _ j.foofo "Republican-" being as niucli . r,u'n,lorn'd v ou8tom°Vo?nT„Snydor ^fished - The Governor wt a S- nf wn»hi®nd the persona1 thanks ho was appointed Directo was in the teachc-i os ul..»...chair. ---He de- o..:" 1 .. .fern m. LoSS ,0 .-J — »u, sages in f fel,verlnar annual me -mum w-m. ^t^l!l?"!aigtelt,T'J-ry --G"- - -... - tdl-mlned to study law. and did It so sages in person to the LeglelatuL well tlmt he was admlted to the Cen¬ business slnoo. 1850. Daniel H. Boyce, nn ol from 1081 nigh many lcatlng them In writing I oca tod at the northwest corner Pi tre county bar In 1875. Hls success It came to John Penn ln fond street Is Metz's located nt corner Second yunk avenue and Ellsworth stre ns u lawyer was pronounced. In in of Ida goodness of hear d zephyr establlsh- Ington avenue ln the 1 where nil articles In their line can if the Revolution. hlB biographer. Seven |—J business. 1882 General Hastings supported - . things in their own .'alted upon him and obtained at the lowest prices comi Johu Frederick Hurtranft was Gov¬ General Beaver for the Governorship. f'tcd in 1842. the hardware busl- Schk-M ,*t Sons have Just located at lble with fair dealing. Call and. ernor of Pennsylvania from January made Benjamin chairman n said: "We are all appll- Jat 747 South Second street was Four years later General Hustings Committee of Public Safely, . the public office In Chest) HIM) South Second street I11 the stove, 21. 1S73 until January IS. IS,9. serv¬ placed General Beaver's name in he little episode with England, county. AVo have waited upon yOj ■llahcd by Paul J. Field. In 1892 heater and range business. The southerly pel at formed by i ing two terms with credit to himself nomination nnd had the satisfaction which, by the way, some peo- 'At. Was Succeeded by Ills soil John O. Fraser has been established Intersection of Passyunk avenue i * -• - ■■-- *0 hls fellow citizens. Excellency lo say that we shall B ....e limnc. Ship and cooper this time of seeing hls old friend ovlng"Xing in tnethe bestnest English quite satisfied and shall zealouffl In the hat business at 1108 South Sec¬ Eighth street Is synonnmous w Mew Hanover town- elected by a large majority. Early nail the daylights knocked out support your administration whnevf -’e helped make the wide- repu- ond street clghf •en years. the real estate business, having b i county. December 1 of the store. this year General Beavc-r placed Gen¬ i. the "Commonwealth of Ponn- you may appoint, with the exoeptfl Five years agi E. L. Reading estab- occupied for this purpose for a sc 1G,"1830. of Gerrr.nn parents. He vyai eral Hastings' name in nomination “ became an assured fact of Charles Kenny. He la an Irlsj • ten years Joseph Collins has llslied a drug s- „...... of years, and Is now occupied by graduated from Union Colfi-ge, Sene for Governor nnd lias had the satis¬ Constitution. For convenience man We know that hls appolntmel cared at 749 South Second Second und Federal streets. Since Frank Peterson and A. F. Russell, nectady, New York. In 1853. and li faction of seeing him elected by an hls narrative Is divided Into would be unpopular.” The Goverd n the cigar and tobacco busl- that time success lias attended Mr. der the linn name of Peterson & it the following year "was-n“ nnnlappointed''m Immense majority. General Hast¬ rts, dealing llrst with the bene- bowed and said: "I shall conald Reading’s efforts, and a large trade sell, real-in estatei-.-iL.LLi- brokers..Hikers and conv Deputy Sheriff of Montgomery coun¬ ings' services at Johnstown. Ills work govornment of Penn himself, gentlemen, what you have said." ' r about thirty years the oyster In the prescription and general drug notary public, who are w ty. He resolved to take up the study of the law nnd by close appll-ation for the Republican party and bis r the rulers under the Constl- applicants bowed respectfully and “ "* ^oO South Second street has business has been built up. In the real estate world, havli personality are too well known to af 17!¥i of 183S and of 1873. tired. The Governor turning * u« enviable reputation. The At 121(1 South Second street, Hoff- oei-n lor a number of years In t soon fitted himself for the profession, - all in all t proprietor, S. H. Gilbert, has being admitted to the bar of Norris¬ friend said promptly: "What . |mn Brothers have been engaged ln business Individually, but have the Governors of Pennsylvania havo fish combination against an a ... ui> In the business and knows •le shoe business twenty years. .-ently consolidated In order to town In 1859. When the nmttorlngs Individual. I shall appoint Ke juy branch of the wholesale and re- One of the attractive suloons on of civil war nrsifirst m-guubegan to1 ■ makek- . reflected credit upon the Common- irallze ihelr business. id wealth. _ He did and the appointment ' Jl trade In which he Is engaged. South Second street for the past forty Samuel K. Relchner, Real Es themselves heard young Haiti' to be one of the best he ’' Ill 751 South Second strict M. R.»- .. l...o Is that situated at the corner u prepared himself for duty to m Broker and Conveyancer. No. country. Under President Lincoln All lbs Snm made. Governor Snyder dlcd ■*"*'In has been engaged In the Wharton street. A large trade ha Passyunk avenue, below Dickinson vember 9. 1819. furnishing business fifteen been built up by Lawrence Baldwin, first call for 75.000 men lie became Materfamlllns—"I don't think •ery successful real estate agent. 1 the colonel of the Fourth Regiment, William Findlay, who the present proprietor and malinger. veyancor and Insurance broker the-colonel of the Fourth l should kiss my daughtei much. - —av Passage oi ornor from 1817 to 1820, For nineteen years 'William H. Montgomery county militia.nil 1111n. At the on the 24lli of October, South Philadelphia. Is -Mr. .Samuel' end of three months the service of oven If you are engaged to ner. Mercersburg, Franklin _county,.' Guinn has been established lit 1312 Relchlier. During the tMrb.cn v,.; Rakely—"I kiss her only once each >elng received by a delegation .Vinner ' ll South Second ——• *- these soldiers having expired, tiny he best families, who, by the June 20, 17GS. When he attalnej .11 11 that ho has been established in tlie p •vening.,-enlng." . . 0 IS77 John J. Butler has been . mustered out. Colonel Hart- Materfamlllns—“Don't...... »■%—•• tell.-n —me suchsuen vr.- made up nt that time of majority he became a politics rcsslon, Mr. Rclrhner has gained.'t ran ft iin'jn bis own application was elple and u great admirer of T..„ ■a«*ed In the liquor business at 7i!u nnnflA»nee. anil SUppOI't Of II lUI’ge puj stuff. When I passed the parlor door '• Dutch. English and Indians, luill Second street. The saloon Is one assigned to duty with General Wil¬ l-«ii tooivl kissingIMIli-IUK IIher. —L, LLIInndL idlans were n.- glad to .see the Jefferson. He was twice electei ue. u. I.H1L—W On.LU—. While liam 13. Franklin, on whose staff he 1 luprletor ns any of the others V"1 best known down town, and Ing In all kinds of realty. Mr. Rol r when I passed tin- State Legislature. TI I* choicest liquors are always in conspicuous gallantry. him. It Is had by the uct of April 3, —lakes a specially of residential — -..... commissioned at i< . temporarily established at fty in the First. Second. Third, 'I ' folu. ihe three * ' service July 27 Rakely—' I know I was, but It was Mr. Findlay proposed that .. n.iOUU- .-sixth nnd Thirtieth wards, 11 • 1SG1. and In the Sepi-un-i.lu mber following 1 all the same kiss."—New York Herald, itriettng lnrntlon of Independence, and hls ef- be permanently established nt Ha»| a ne present wholesale .. Is well-appointed office register organized at Cninp Curtinmil-tin the Flftv-Fifty¬ -—- Inter I forts did much towards having that rlsburg. Tfi- pr.M„,Gu,,n foiled r ■ candy manufactory' at 1442 South opt of several high!" 'll Pennsylvania Volunteer In¬ with famous document proclaimed He but It was eventually carried an.' ..- ween established fur utuable properties in this capacity h.; partiel- removal effected In 1S12. -••■j ..-e years. Taffies and penny ut or exchange, two ■ "lea of Roanoke "Time at length makes all things became Chief Justice of the Supreme goods are made the specialty of G. 11. oven." A sewing machine agent In Court, a position that he filled with elected State Treasurer ln 1807 clerks being there regularly Island. Newbern. SecondSecond Bull Run. held that office for eleven years, Gellfus, tlu- present proprietor. Mr ddltlon. Mr. Releliner 1 □hantllly. Soutli Mountain,Antletam, the Indian Territory has been held becoming dignity. He soon changed Gellfus Is sole agent of the Brownie this for the Gubernatorial office and was elected Governor ov ~ rul conveyancing n Fredericksburg, Vicksburg. Jackson. up.—Galveston News. Joseph Herster In 1817. lie vri chewing gum ln this city and always brokerage buslncs. In replying to an address of the peo¬ chosen to represent Pennsylvania carries a full lino of Christmas novel- ple said: "The Constitution of the the Senate of the United State*. L ;nd cake bakery on Second • ' big back to 1836, is that of |poated at No. 510. The b silver tea, silver coffee, “fines by larket is attractively ser\ mosa' and Ceylon tea, “finesl an enable prices. Mr. Kent, t and Mocha and golden blend 3tc lanager, is successor tc Expert repairing is the spec 5n< avis for eighteen years, W. L. Berry, established jewe cia Established for thirty -watchmaker, at 22 South An read and cake bakery at street. exj ;econd street is now condu The oldest drug store in P pai herman. phia, is that of David G. Potts Mo There isn’t a more arti; FOREMOST IN ALL THAT GOES TO lished in 1771. The present ufa 'active atelier in Philade ing for retail trade is at 24 rat of M. Herbert Brid MAKE A GREAT CITY LIKE Second street. pjrapher, at 020 South Sec PHILADELPHIA. At 25 South Second street ;y}1(nd there isn’t another sti Snyder has been located in the lar dy that has a reputation goods business for ten years. »tc. :anding. Established wa; A. J. Weidener has been eng A ; je : “forties” by the celeb: SOME OLD-TIME MERCHANTS business at 36 South Second st T ieenan, the high standar over thirty years. Chandeliers, ouJas been continually raise* glassware and crockery constit trerst, and the portraiture o THOUGH LONG IN BUSINESS, THEY stock in trade. jovat management is par At 38 South Second is loca ton. p>r resenting the latest anc TYPIFY THE PROGRESS THE establishment of Kalle & Co., etiiroved methods of photof QUAKER CITY IS MAKING. facturers of aniline colors. av, Idition to guaranteeing Much of the beauty and < ,jlai the matter of a correc of a home lies in the furnishin £e le artistic beauty and fir and in the furnishing the cove ae ridle’s photographs are NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST the floors plays a most im ess. me.— He has been conn* part. At no place in the ci jaj le leading studios of the larger display of floor coverii anc s ^est recommendation Busy Thoroughfares, Filled With fered for inspection than at uality of the work produ Stores That Provide for the Many tablishment of H. S. Atwood & as is, pastels and all the la er, importers and retailers of c alf es in portraiture are e> Wants of the Toilers, the Mer¬ rugs, and mattings, 40 and 42 ,.p|e attractive window disj chants and Others Who Have Made Second street, and 31 and 33 ‘Onts the studio. Such i This Known Over All the World as berry street. Included in thi 'Sts as C. M« Gilbert and c display of floor furnishing is i the City of Homes—A Brief Review stablished. much of their antee of satisfaction for ever; of the More Prominent, Who Rec¬ am this studio. Mr. Bridle and a suitable article for every his ownership and m: ognize in The Inquirer an earnest The firm is an old establish* TPpSfdsav01-61! to even excel Advocate of the Progress That with a reliable reputation a: ssors, and his efforts serving of the enviable patron: Benefits All. i hi tended with flattering si ceived. The members are H. _ lFor many years I. Fitz wood and W. L. Atwood. A

] ppc ’en located at 531 Soulw * department devoted entirely to Treet. An attractive disp In writing of the city of Philadel¬ ture is managed by H. O. Atwoc h'niture, carpets, beddin phia as it is to-day one cannot over¬ firm was established in 1859. lades, etc., is displayed. look the foundations upon which it is The oldest toy store in the cc [Dr. Edmond Beale’s dru built. Great as has become the Com¬ established 1836, is that of M. H South Second street, monwealth which was founded by Sons, at 47 South Second stre ; "jtablislied 108 years. William Penn, even more wonderful addition to toys and fancy go ( At 610 South Second sti is the development of the city which all kinds a specialty of Christm: Me old Southwark Natic was once the unpretentious home of ornaments is made. ^ected in 1825. John B. the unassuming Quaker. Philadel¬ One of the new establishme ^ie president. phians still have the dwelling once old Second street is that of William J. Pfund, sc occupied by Penn to remind them of Wright & Son, at No. 54. The jjf icob F. Pfund, has been his admirable qualities; they still have quality of bonbons, chocolates, < ! the stove, heater and i the Old Swedes Church, built In the and mixed candies, manufa !ss at 616 South Secc seventeenth century, to recall to them here, have made for themseU trty-four years. the sterling traits of the early set¬ enviable reputation. Home coi At 620 South Second stre tlers. They are ever reminded of the all the delicacies of the seaso Is y Campbell has. been esti eternal blessings of liberty by Inde¬ light lunches are served in th 381:|e bakers and confection pendence Hall, where was signed the connected with the establishing le hsiness ten years. Th Declaration of Independence; by the One of the oldest establishme amavers every section of the Liberty Bell, by Carpenters’ Hall, the city is that of S. T. Altemi f rrMoskovitz & Hoffman 1 where the First Congress of the United dealer in lamps, etc., at 58 S. Se einaated at 702 South Secor, States sat, and by the house at No. One of the oldest liquor esti . prp wine and liquor busine 23ft. Arch street, where Betsy Ross ments on Second street is that 'elspVilliam E. Rash has be made the first flag which was to be 60, how owned and managed by w f 708 South Second stre the recognized emblem of freedom Brines. The reputation is oi ( standing and Mr. Brines’ efforts mars in the hat business, throughout the world. had the effect of even raisin eephere are many reason Upon such foundations surely some¬ thing stable ought to be erected, and standard at the time he purenas , e jplarity of William E. store. —"any more for the po amid such influences men of worth plight to become powerful in the W. S. Umstead makes his own P —store at 708 Sor at 110 South Second street. -6 In the first place counsels of the nation and prominent in business and professional circles, Cousty’s East End Grocery, m in business five lished in 1S09, is located at 11S ? youngest business m ' It is 212 years since William Penn established the town of Philadelphia, Second street. h Bet, a reputation he , For more than five years the , ■'i store offers larger a arid from the handful of people then on, the banks of the Delaware has of John M. Watt’s Sons has J hs to patrons than an located at 123 South Second i: •1 I kind on the street. W sprung a city of 1,250,000 inhabitants, with real estate of the assessed value manufacturing of oils, greases, : I judical experience, he packings and engineers’ supplies. ^ le to offer stiff hats fc of 8760,930,542, with an annual in¬ come of 830,000,000, with public Established in 1S67 the fii ““——talitv that are t Ln n i n rr

and announced that the German custom of having the toasts between the courses was to be followed. “We have two de¬ partures from the American custom” he said. “We have our wives here and the toasts will be given during the din¬ ner.” He then introduced Rudolph jKAISER WILHELM TOASTED. Blankenburg, who was to act as toast¬ master. “DIE GESELLSCHAFT.” Speeches Between Courses bj Distin¬ Mr. Blankenburg before introducing the first speaker paid a compliment to guished Citizens—Pennsylvania the ladies and then introduced Franz Erhlich as “one born in Germany who Bepresented by Lieutenant same to this country and identified him¬ self prominently with the German soc¬ Governor Watres. iety.” Mr. Ehrlich had to respond to the toast “Die Deutche Gesellschaft,” which he did in German by speaking of the power of the association and the . In celebration of Its 130th anniversary prominence of its early members, Joseph ever 300 of the members of “Deutche Ge- Keppele, Ludwig Weins, Christopher sellschaft” sat about the festive board in Ludwig, Frederick Augustus Muheln- the Bullitt Building last evening. The burg, Peter Muhlenburg, and many red, white and black of the German others. . The speaker concluded by saying: We mingled in friendly communion with the can look with pleasure to our past, and !- red, white and blue of the United lf we work with the same industry as States. Holly and Christmas greens our fathers we may look for the splen¬ were freely used in the decoration and did success in the future that they at¬ elaborate set pieces, ornamented with tained in the past.” the colors of the two nations, were After an interlude devoted to the con¬ •W- sideration of “Coquille of Chicken, Petit prominent on the tables. One of the lar¬ Due,” the toastmaster read a letter of gest of these represented a hunting regret from Collector of the Port John i scene, another showed Neptune in com- R. Read, who was prevented by sick¬ | pany with strange sea animals, while a ness from being present, and then call¬ j windmill stood with striped red, white ed upon Postmaster W. Wilkins Carr to ! and black sails upon the central table. respond to “The United States of Amer- The menu was an elaborate affair prlnt- lea.*" i ed in red and black and illustrated by Mr. Carr prefaced his address by tell¬ j half-tone pictures of the old German ing a funny story about a letter carrier! school house on Cherry Street below and then spoke in part of follows: “A mm German society, formed to do good, to ,?'*%■ Fourth, where the association was or¬ ganized, the old club house on Seventh contribute to the relief of the distressed, Street above Chestnut, and the present to give personal supervision in hearing headquarters of the association at Spring 'and deciding cases, to find employment | Garden and Marshall Streets. The menu for those who are able and willing to I also contained the quotation from, Pas- vork, responds to the sentiment which ie at the foundation of the establish¬ itorius:— £ ment of the Government of the United '‘‘Hell du, deutche Nachkommen. schraft! States. But above all others is the ob- I Hell dir Deutches Bruldervolk, fm ect to impart Vree instruction to for¬ j Hell dir auf immer!” eign youth in \ nerican history and I General Louis Wagner, as president of 4merican mstiWv’"is. Ignorance in', the association, presided, and after the them menaces 'rpetuity of Ameri " fish bad ben served, rapped for order Scan rights. In ^iWducation lies

founded in 1764, immediately previous (to the Declaration of Independence, himself of this _, ___ _ which announced the inalienable lights ued as follows:-* “In New England the girls are pe: of life, liberty and the pursuit of happi¬ mitted to go to, school as long as the ness. room was not required for the boys. “What estimate can be made of the But the Germans, so far as schools are results which this society has reached concerned, either as scholars or teach¬ in preserving and directing the princi¬ ers, held that tills women were equal to ples of American liberty expressed in the men in regard to intellect. It has always been a sAurce of pleasure to me that declaration, and to which at its ex- j to know that Pennsylvania was once ecution were pledged life, fortune and j governed by a 'toman—Hannah Penn— sacred honors? I take It that the United ■ ,and that history tells us that she ‘ex- States of America is not a collection of executed the difficult task with rare statute laws. Behind them all there are tact and ability.* I know you may say the God-given and blood-bought princi¬ many States at 6 governed by women. ples of self-government, in which, unless the native and foreign youth of this country are instructed, the blessings of liberty will be no longer secured, nor the general welfare promoted. No man has the right to remain ignorant of its principles. Their knowledge should be pre-requisite to the right of citizenship j and the right of suffrage. Under other states and forms of government incivism { was a crime, and in this Government!

Rer. D-. Adolph Spaeth.

because they govern the Governor, but my only reply is that the more of such cases the better. “Pennsylvania owes much to the citi¬ zens of German descent. Simon Sndyer, the first Governor of German descent, was the first of the Governors to enter a protest against slavery. It was Gov¬ Rudolph Blankenburg. ernor Joseph Heister who declared that It should be regarded as a moral offense he should endeavor to deserve the name of Chief Magistrate of Pennsylvania, to be ignorant of its principles and and to avoid the disgraceful appellation rights." of the Governor of a party. It was the “DIE VATBRLAND.” scholarly and cultured Shulze whose Filet of beef braconnure with mush¬ sympathies were aroused and whose rooms, came next, followed by the toast, heart was touched by the vast and rap¬ idly increasing population without ade¬ “Das Alte Vaterland,” responded to by quate means of school instruction. It re¬ the German Consul, Charles K. Meyer, mained, however,for the strong heart and who was introduced as a gentlman who, sturdy will of Governor George Wolfe to on account of his fitness for the office,! 1 organize and put into execution the had retained it for the past thirty-three beneficent common school system, which years. has been the pride and glory of our Commonwealth. It was Governor Jo¬ Mr. Meyer spoke of the wonderful in¬ seph Ritner who bared his arm in the dustry and scientific knowledge of the contest which preserved through a try¬ German people, stated that although they emigrated by the hundred thousand, ing conflict the school system which Wolfe instituted. It was Francis Rav/n there were so many more births than deaths in Germany that they could stand1 Shuck who insi: ted that the welfare of human society expends on nothing more t!)4 exodus, and concluded by calling for than preserving inviolate the institutions the toast “Bs lebt Kaiser Wilhelm,”1 of the family as God had formed it, and which was answered by a clink of glasses who sought so strenuously to cheek the and “hoch! hoca! hoch!” licentious disregard for the marriage Lieutenant Governor Louis A. Watres vow7. It was sturdy William Bigler had to respond to “Pennsylvania” after who resisted at every step the attempt¬ the terrapin had been disposed of, and ed repudiation of the public debt. astonished his auditors by starting off "There is another whose glory and in German, as follows:— fame can neither be added to or taken . "Mine freund and bruder Herr Wagner from by aught that any man can say, hat jezt ,mich gefrag-t—” for his public service and his pure life “Warum sind sie kein mitglied der are an open book, and are fiesh in the Deutschen gesellschaft?’’ {niiids of all, of whom it has been just¬ “Ich habe geantworte weilm mine elt- ly said—He ‘never ordered where he ern in New England geboren sint.” did not lead’—John Frederick Hart- This fully translated means that Mr. ranft.” Watres is not a inember of the German- American Association, because his par¬ MAYOR STUART SPEAKS. ents were bo-rn in New England. After Mayor Stuart was the next speaker, the speaker witll (difficulty had delivered who announced as his opinion that when William Penn landed he was met by a. I Italian Society,” and W. W. Porter to delegation from the German Association j the “Scotch-Irish Society.” . Joseph and spoke of the good work done by the Morwitz responded to “The Gennan- organization in helping people of their American Press." The last toast, “Die own race to become good citizens. ' Daraen," was responded to by Dr. O The toast Deutsche Erziehungsund Kellner, wiio dwelt on the fact that all Wohltbafcigfeeits' Anstalten German Edu- | the nations were represented by’ woman cational and Beneficial Associations was —Germania. Columbia, Italia, Albion—be- responded ' to by Rev. Dr. Adolph I cause she led to culture, freedom and Spaeth. He humorously stated that icivilization. “Columbia and Germania, Mayor Stuart tad taken the wind out may they live,” he concluded. The guests of his sails, for all that he had intended arising shouted enthusiastically “Hock, I to say had been ably said by the Mayor. | hock, hock!” The only thing left for him to do was j HOW THE GUESTS WERE SEATED. | to say In German what the Mayor had The guests were seated as follows:— said in Eng'lish. He referred to the Ger¬ man Hospital and Deaconess' Home and At table A were seated: General Louis reviewed the history and doings of the Wagner, Lieutenant Governor Louis A. Watres, Rudolph Blankenburg, Gustav German Society; , H. Schwab, Rev. Dr. Adolph Spaeth, General Wagner proposed and the Colonel M. Richards Muckle, Dr." Wil¬ guests drank in silence a toast to the liam H. Egle, Hon. William B. Hanna, memory of the departed Dr. Oswald Hon. Joseph C. Ferguson, Dr. J. W. Seidensticker. “The success of to-night,” • Gadsden, Consul Rudolph Koradi, If. w. the General stated, “is in large measure Holls, F. Ehrlich, Mrs. F. Ehrlich, Dr. due to the labor of the chairman of the S. Keller, W. W. Porter, Joseph Mor¬ : Committee on Arrangements, Dr. C. witz, Louis P. Hennighausen, Jacob ; John Hexamer,” and amid a burst of Klein, Robert M. Rother, Hon. Samuel “hoch, hoch, hoeh,” a toast was drunk W. Pennypacker, Thomas D. Ferguson, to him. Dr. Hexamer responded in a Hon. William N. Ashman, Hon. Charles brief address, assuring the guests of his Emory Smith, James L. Miles, Kon. regard and his willingness at all times Edwin S. Stuart, Consul Charles H. to work for the society’s good. Everyone Mayer and William. Wilkins Carr. joined in a hearty chorus of “Die Wacht At table B were: Otto Wolf, Abraham am Rhein." M. Beitier, Mrs. Abraham M. Beitler. Gustav H. Schwab, of New- York, in¬ Mrs. R. Blankenburg, Mrs. Alwine Pape, troduced by Rudolph Blankenburg as a , Miss Elizabeth Pape, Miss Lucretia faithful supporter of Rev. Dr. Parkhurst, Blankenburg, Miss Julia A. Myers, Miss responded to the toast “The German Mathilda Mencke, Alfred Smith, Alfred ! Societv of the City’ of New York.” His Percival Smith, J. Meyer, Mrs. J. Meyer, i concluding sentiment, “We are not Ger- Frederick Meyer, Miss Anna Meyer, man-Americans, but Americans of Ger¬ Louis F. Schuck, Louis Blank, Mrs. man descent,” was enthusiastically re- Louis Blank, Miss Blank, Dr. Paul J. iceived. John Fergusson responded by Sartain, Miss Amy Sartain, Mr. E. H. D. Fraley, Mr. George Rommel, F. Asch- enbach, Mrs. F. Aschenbach, Dr. A. W. Milier, Mrs. A. W. Miller, Louis Berg- doll, Jr., Mrs. Louis Bergdoll, Jr., Pro¬ lessor J. B. Hertzog, Mrs. J. B. Hertzog, Miss Lina Louisa Hertzog, Joseph A. Heintzelman, Mrs.. Joseph A. Heintzel- man, Martin Hotz, Mrs. Martin Hotz, ! Arthur Brossman, Dr. Emil Fischer, Albert M. Friend, and Lorenz Bur. At table C were Rev. F. Wischan, F. Leser, Mrs. F. Leser, Dr. Victor Leser, Mrs. Doctor Leser, George Kessler, Mrs. George Kessler, Frederick Munch, Mrs. Frederick Munch, Charles W. Miller, ]Mrs. Charles W. Miller, Arno Leonhardt, Mrs. Arno Leonhardt,Henry Lierz, Ernest Luedecke, C. J. Nyholm, William Sehoel- gens, Mrs. William Scheolgens, Louis TIilleman, Mrs. Louis Hillemaar, Robert Tarlo, Mrs. Robert Tarlo, Carl F. Brede, George Herzog, J. E. McClees, William Rodenhausen, Mrs. William Rodenhausen, A. Raynnond Raff, F. Schumann, Mrs. E. Schumann, Frank Poehner, Mrs.Frank Poehner, M. Sommer, Mrs. M. Sommer, Dr. George Friebis, Carl Theodore Eben, Max Brueckmann, Paul Jagode, E. J. Suehnel, Mrs. E. J. Scuehnel, E. W. Siegmau, Mrs. Helena Siegman. John Welde, Mrs. John Welde and William Frizlen. Franz Ehrlich. At table D were Louis M. Wagner, Mrs. Louis M. Wagner, Mrs. Louis Wagner, I letter to the toast. "The St. Andrew Miss Elizabeth S. Wagner, Miss Sarah i Society,” and Dr. J. W. Gadsden, in J. .Wagner, Dr. J. B. Mayer, Mrs. J. B. realv to the toast "The Society of the I Mayer, Charles W. Flnninger, Mrs. iSons of St. George,” said that though Charles W. Finninger, Frederick Zell- much had been said of the part German’s felder, Mrs. Frederick Zellfelder, William took in the revolution the English were Masche, Mrs. William Masche, Dr. Albert -there too. ‘‘The Hibernian Society" was A. G. Starch, Mrs. Albert A. G. Starck, l-esDonded to by Thomas D. Fergusson;! George Apel, Mrs. George Apel, F. R. “The Welsh Society,” by David F. DePlanque, Mrs. F. R. DePlanque, Henry Davies; “The French Benevolent So¬ Manger, Mrs. Henry Manger, John A. ciety,” by letter from H. A. Pintard,; Bickel, Captain E. C. Wagner, Miss ‘and “The New England Society,” by Laura Ulmer, P. L. Cooper, Mrs. P. L. John H. Converse. Mr. Converse said Cooper, W. W. Alexander, Dr. Thomas that though the nationality of the pil-!' M. Peirce, Mrs. Thomas M. Peirce, grim was English, his spiritual side was! Charles G. Artzt, Mrs. Charles G. Artzt, German and Dyden and Delpthaven f Emil Doempke, Mrs. Emil Doempke, meant much to them. j Max M. Stuven, Mrs. Max M. Striven. “The greatest Republic shall hear from Philip J. Ritter, Mrs. Philip J, Ritter, the oldest,” said Mr. Blankenburg in Frank Metz, Mrs. Frank Metz, F. Weber, introducing Rudolph Koradi, Consul of t Mrs. F. Weber, Charles Ripka and Sirs. Switzerland. Mr. Koradi. replied in Ger- . I Charles Ripka. man. Dr. G. Traiano responded to “The] __„ ten, Martin Stutzbacl . r Straub, Mrs. Joseph Straub, J. Jeters, Mrs. J. C. Oeters, Joseph C. aulus, Mrs. Joseph , Charles Strifckler, John . C. Paulus, George euker, Mrs. George John W. Donnelly, Dr. W. W. Breuker, S. Snellent irg, Mrs. S. Snellen- Louis Schrnidt, Frank C. Scherer, burg-, N. Sneilenbi S, Mrs. N. Snellen- L. Egolf, Philip Kiel 1, Mrs. Philip : burg, S. L. Bloch, rs. S. L. Bloch, God- Dr. L. S. Filbert, JdJrs. L. S. Filbe frey Rebmann, Godfrey Reb¬ A. Widmayer. Henry Hess, H. J. Set: mann, Frederick J. Geiger, Charles Wies C. Paul Ray, Lduis Kimple, enhavern, George Zech, Carl Edelheim, Thorsch, Charles J. Khearer and Cha Mrs. Carl Edelheim, Gustav Stahl, Mrs. A. Kertell. Gustav Stahl, Miss L. Stahl, Dr. T. H. THE SOCIETY. " Gruel, Charles W. Soulas, William Reg- enspurger, Mrs.. William Regenspurger, The German Society was founde Max Regensburger, Miss Clara Barth, .17C1, when sixty-five Germans me Selmar Meyer, Mrs. Selmer Meyer, Sam the old Lutheran Schoolhouse on Cher uel Abrams, Mrs. Samuel Abrams, Gr. Street, below Fourth. It was the Herzberg, Henry Mosebach, Mrs. Henry organization of its kind in America, Mosebach,' R. Klee, Mrs. R. Klee, Paul Schlossmann and Paul Fleer. devoted itself to the care and educ At table F were Sol. Blumenthal, Mrs. of immigrants and distressed German Sol. Blumenthal, H. B. Blumenthal, Mrs. in Pennsylvania, and the extent of its1 H. B. Blumenthal, Hon. F. Halterman, work may be judged from the fact that Dr. B. Wolff, H. Weniger. William Boek- last year 23S1 persons were given work) el, F. Oldach, George Doll, E. Jungman, by it.' Its membership at present num-i Mrs. E. Jungman, Dr. William Ruoff, bers nearly 1000. A sketch of the society’s history wasi embodied in a handsome souvenir that was presented to the guests at evening’s dinner.

From, s

i Bate, AW’ e , rZy* /

THE OLD FORTaS

The ^or defense Against the! Indians Located—Report of the Commission. The last Legislature passed an act cre- reiaIoanTomt?i88i0n t0 mabe iH1uiryinj m relation to the various forts erected bv DrioftSh 6ttlPrSi^ohe Com“onwealth j ffl°T *?.the 1773 as a defense against the Indians. The commission was fur¬ M. Richards Muekle. ther authorized to make inquiry and ex- Robert Friedlander, Mrs. Robevt Fried- as to the number and location lander, Max Livingston, Mrs. Max Liv¬ ottbe Indian forts, and the propriety of ingston, William Braun, Mrs. William erecting tablets to mark them. Its re- Braun, James B. Doyle,Gustav Hinrichs, ^h^been prepared, and will ba sub- Franz Meynen, G. A. Schwarz, Charles Denneler, M. Riebenack, Mrs. M. Rieb- mittted to the Legislature. Much valu- enack, J. H Mann, Mrs. J. H. Mann, able historical data has been collected. T. M. Richards, Mrs. T. M. Richards, Tn*Te commission recommends that a Victor Klack, Mrs. Victor Klack, George marker be placed at each of the defenses C. Newman, Mrs. George C. Newman, Matthew D'tcmann, Mrs. L. Dittman, enumerated in the report whose location Frederick Delvigne, Mrs. Frederick Del- has been ascertained with sufficient ac¬ vigne, William H. Kunzig, Mrs. Wil¬ curacy and definiteness; that the mar¬ liam H. Kunzig, Frederick Strassen- meyer, Mrs. Frederick Strassenmeyer kers, when supplied by the State, be all and General Lewis Merrill. f*™11," character; to consist when¬ At Table G were: , George Ritter, Vic¬ ever practicable of a substantial rough tor Angerer, Mrs. V. Angerer, Charles boulder of btone, having one face snffi- A. Hexamer, Mrs. Charles A. Hexamer, Richard Binder, Mrs. Richard Binder, cieutly polished to allow of an inscrip- John L. Borsch, Mrs. John L. Borsch, hnnrglfV1Dg ihe. name of the fort- when George C. Reukauff, Mrs. George C. Reu- ouiit, for what purpose used, and its ex¬ kauff, Bernhard Ernst, Mrs. Bernhard Ernst, Carl Grubn&u, Mrs. Carl Grub- act location; that these markers be placed nau, Louis A. Keiqch, W. P. Langen- as a role, by the side of a public road, in heim, Mrs. W. . P. Langenb.eim, Miss as near as Possible Emily Goodman, C. John Hexamer, Mrs. to the site of the defense which they are C. J. Hexamer, William E. Hexamer, Mrs. William E. Hexamer, E. Hexamer, intended to perpetuate, no taolet to be Mrs. E. Hexamer, E. Oscar Haeuptner, erected on private, property unless pre¬ Mrs. E. Oscar Haeuptner, Fred Narr, viously deeded to the Commonwealth; Mrs. Fred Narr, A. J. Tafel, Xvlrs. A. J. Tal'el, Louis Fucjis-luger, Mr. Louis that a sum of money, not exceeding Fuchsluger, P. N. %gerberg, William J. $300 be appropr ated for feach defense® Ryan, Miss Maria F. Ryan, and F. D. I he commission has located all of these Langenheim. _f_ _ defenses, of which there were upward of two hundred, and embodies in its report an elaborate History and description of during the French and Indian war. and them, together with maps and crude prior to the defeat of General Braddock. sketches showing their location. Mr. Albert’s district embraced all that The report contains graphic narrations section of Pennsylvania west of the of the battles which took place in and Allegheny Mountains, in which he about these early forts, and concludes located eighty different forts, many of with a recommendation that the next which are of great historical value, such Legislature authorize the erection of as at Fort Pitt, Fort Mackintosh. which suitable tablets to mark these old forts was located on land near Beaver, now The commission is composed of John M. owned by Senator Quay, and Forts Buckalew, of Fibbing Creek, Columbia Dequesne and Necessity, near Pittsburg county; Sheldon Reynold’s, of Wilkes- The commission, which received no Barre; H. M. M. Richards, of Reading; pay for its services, has been highly Jay G. Weiser. of Middleburg, and Dal¬ complimented by the Governor for its las Albert, of Latrobe. efficiency and the accuiacy of its work The commission divided its work,each Au e ff >rt will be made to have the next member taking a certain locality. In Legislature authorize the publication of this way they accomplished their work the report. quickly. Mr. Richard’s territory embraced that section of the State south of the Blue Range, between the Delaware and Sus¬ quehanna rivers, in which there were located about thirty of these forts,which were principallv among the Blue Range in Dauphin, Lebanon, Berks,Schuylkill, Lehigh and Carbon counties. Mr. Rey¬ nold’s work was confined to that section of the State north of tne Blue Range.be¬ tween the Delaware river and the north branch of the Susquehanna,better known as the Wyoming district. In this terri¬ tory there were located about twenty- five of these defenses. Thev include the famous Forty Fort, near Wilkes-Barre, and others in the historical Wyoming Volley. Mr Buckalew located fifteen forts in the territory north of the Blue Range, between the West Branch ot the Sus¬ quehanna and the northern boundary of I the State>. In this territory there were located Forts Jenkins, Rice and Antes, which served as valuable defenses for the settlers during the Indian warfare «f the R-volutionary. Mr. Buckalew also succeeded in ascertaining the definite location of Fort Augusta at Sunbury, one of the most important of the defenses of the French and Indian war period. The fourteen counties extending from the west line of the Susquehanna river south to the Maryland line and west as far as the Allegheny Mountains was the scene of Mr. Weiser’s operations. This territory embraced all the forts which were located in the fertile Cumberland Valley, extending as far west as Brad¬ ford and the Juniata Valley. There were forty-eight of these defenses in this' 'territory. Those best known are Forts Lowther, at Carlisle ; Franklin and Morris, at Shippensburg ; Chambers, at Chamoersburg ; Loudoun, at Loudoun ; Littleton, in Fulton county, and Bed¬ ford, at Bedford. Amonsr the other defenses in the Juniata Valley located bv Mr Weiser were Forts Patterson, at Mexico ; Granville, at Lewistown ; Standing Stone, at Huntingdon, and Shirley, at Shirleysburg He also ascer¬ tained the location of a number of smaller forts, known as block houses. Most of the defenses in the Ju Valley were_ erected in 1754 jmd 1755,