Ready for Childcare ebook Ready for Childcare ebook

Childcare options...... 4 Benefits of childcare...... 8 Selecting childcare...... 13 How to prepare...... 20 Your child’s nutrition...... 25 How to adjust...... 33 Navigating finances...... 39 A note from our editor

Sending your child to childcare can be a big decision for families, so you want to make sure you get it right. Kidspot.com.au has teamed up with Thrive by Five to bring you this ebook packed with all the information you need to make an informed decision.

From choosing the right style of care to the benefits to their development, and navigating finances to managing their nutritional needs, we’ve got you covered. This handy reference can be printed or downloaded so it’s readily available for you to access whenever you need.

Melissa Wilson Executive Editor Kidspot Thrive By Five are campaigning to improve the Australian childcare system. To give kids, parents, caregivers and educators access to more affordable, high-quality and fully resourced early learning and childcare, sign the petition here: www.thrivebyfive.org.au/kidspot. To read more head to page 41 of this ebook. Ready for Childcare Childcare options Types of early childhood education

By Pilar Mitchell

Early childhood is the period that starts at birth and ends at qualified teachers, and long daycare centres with preschool primary school. Education can be play-based and informal, programs. In some states it’s called preschool, and in others engaging babies and toddlers in playing, talking, singing it’s kindergarten. and reading, or it can follow a more structured approach in preschool. Some preschools only operate during school hours, while others have extended hours. Early childhood education enhances the learning kids are doing every day, whether they’re developing social skills Preschool curriculums fall under the Early Years Learning with peers, learning about music and dance, working Framework, but the curriculum involves more literacy and creatively or practicing their coordination and balance on numeracy work, fine motor skills using pencils and scissors climbing equipment. and time spent sitting at tables, or in group time. Kids are still physically active inside and outside, but they’re also Education providers like daycare centres, family daycares building skills for school. or preschools operate under the Early Years Learning Framework, which was developed to enhance learning from A preschool in your primary school catchment means that birth to five years. There’s no set curriculum. Carers use the your child will know many of their primary friends in the framework to develop their own ways to teach kids. first year of school. Different options available Montessori There are six types of childcare in Australia: daycare, family Montessori childcares cater to children aged zero to six. The daycare, preschool or kindergarten, Montessori and Steiner. curriculum continues into primary and high school. It’s based on Doctor Maria Montessori’s observations about Daycare the way children progress from birth to adulthood. Rather

CHILDCARE OPTIONS Centre-based long daycare and occasional care are the than a strict academic focus, there are five learning areas: most commonly-used childcare. Long daycare means your practical life, sensorial, mathematics, language and culture. child attends on set days each week, while occasional care The learning philosophy is child-led with guidance from is on an ad hoc basis. teachers who encourage independence.

Centres establish routines for young kids and give them a Montessori spaces are well known for good design that chance to play and socialise with other children. There are allows for plenty of natural light and open space. The rooms set ratios of carers to children depending on their age. look like playrooms blended with workshops, with lots of colour and sensory tools. On a typical day, kids might do painting and craft, play in the sandpit, sing songs and dance, learn about cultures and Steiner the natural world. Activities can be adjusted for different ages. A toddler could water the veggie garden while a baby Based on the philosophy of Rudolf Steiner to educate the sits and feels the leafy tops of a carrot in the soil. whole child, Steiner balances intellectual, moral and artistic development. A long daycare that opens at 7am and closes at 6pm fits around work, school, commuting and multiple pick-ups. Steiner curriculum typically follows a “rhythm” each day that might include songs and movement, play, craft, Daycare centres can be run by private operators or outdoor play and storytime. It focuses on experiential local councils, and families usually put their child on an learning: making, doing, creating and producing. Like enrolment waitlist. Montessori, a connection with the natural environment is important, but Steiner emphasises imaginary play while Family daycare Montessori is about real-life experiences. Family daycares are run out of carers’ homes. There are Steiner daycares, play groups, preschools and primary and high schools. Many families prefer the home-based environment and the small number of children. The ratio of carer to children preschool age and younger is one to four. Family daycare Questions to ask when selecting childcare offers children the same opportunity as daycare centres to Every family has different needs, which means the ideal socialise with other children, and it may be more flexible, childcare will look different for everyone. allowing for half days. Here are some things to think about: A family daycare will typically have indoor and outdoor play areas, a spot for naps and a place for kids to eat. A • How often do you need care, and do you need regular or downside can be that if there’s only one carer, it can be a occasional care? problem if the carer is sick. Families will need to organise • Do you want care close to home, or close to work? back-up care. • What is your budget? • What is your child interested in, and what’s their Preschool and kindergarten temperament? Kids aged three to five go to preschool in the years • What are your parenting and educational values? before “big school”. There are dedicated preschools with

5 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY CHILDCARE OPTIONS Five practical pointers for understanding your childcare options

Confused about childcare? Make the best choice for your child with help from these expert tips

Placing a child in childcare can be an emotional time. It may 1. Types of childcare be the first time you’ve been apart and it takes a lot of trust to hand over your precious one. Choosing childcare can The first thing you need to understand is the different types also be confusing with a minefield of information out there of care available. From long daycare and family daycare to navigate, especially when you’re just getting your head to occasional care and having a nanny, the type of care around being a parent or caregiver. you choose will be the most appropriate for you and your child’s needs. However, before you know it, your little one could be ready for some form of care. Perhaps you’re heading back to work It’s good to know how each type of care should operate or need the additional support. Over 460 childcare centres and if they are government approved. from across Australia have come together to collaborate on The Childcare Guide – your quick reference to childcare 2. The EYLF options, providing the information you need to help with All government approved childcare services follow a your decision. properly developed curriculum – The Early Years Leaning Framework. It’s important you have a basic understanding The guide was created with important feedback from of the EYLF so you can be sure it’s being implemented at families to help answer questions when searching for care. the childcare service of your choice. Of course, your final choice will involve your gut feeling and instinct about a place, the location and hours of operation. Some good questions to ask the daycare educators include:

Here are five practical pointers you need to know before • Do you offer play-based learning? you start your search, and questions to ask yourself before you make your decision. • How do you plan to observe and evaluate my child’s learning?

• How do you provide an environment that recognises my child’s individual interests and builds on them?

6 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY 3. Quality ratings 4. Kindergarten and Preschool programs The National Quality Framework is a great way to compare As your child approaches the age of four, you’ll need to childcare services. The NQF is an agreement between all make a decision about where to enrol them for that all States and Territory Governments to work together to important transition to ‘big school’. Most long daycare provide better educational and developmental outcomes centres offer kindergarten/preschool programs with for children. longer operating hours than standalone kindergartens and preschools. This basically means that all government approved facilities (long daycare and family daycare) should meet certain Consider whether your choice of childcare caters for the standards in order to receive one of the following quality school transition. And what their programs involve. ratings: 5. Government assistance • Excellent What government assistance is available and how it all • Exceeding National Quality Standard works could be an important factor in choosing your childcare. For example, it’s good to know that if you choose • Meeting National Quality Standard a childcare provider that is government approved, you • Working Towards National Quality Standard could be eligible for Child Care Subsidy.

• Significant Improvement Required Is your childcare provider government approved? Are you eligible for any government assistance? CHILDCARE OPTIONS

7 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Ready for Childcare Benefits of Childcare The surprising way preschool affects your child’s future success

Research has shown that two years of quality preschool can have effects lasting through to the other end of your child’s schooling.

Many people would assume that preschool is beneficial to The effects of preschool can be seen in the final school children. In fact, there have been many studies confirming years this, but just how far these benefits stay with a child throughout their life is really surprising. A recent study in the UK has shown that a child benefits from two years of preschool both in their transition to their Preschool, like childcare and similar services can sometimes first year at school and also in their final years of schooling. feel like a dirty little secret. In the first year of school, a child who has had a minimum Any parent who has been asked, ‘Is your child in preschool?’ of two years in preschool will demonstrate better abilities will understand the small cringe as they answer. Or the in “language, pre-reading, early number concepts, question on the flip-side to that one, ‘So your child isn’t in independence, concentration and sociability.” childcare or preschool of some sort?’ You see, as a parent whichever way you answer can result in instant judgement. At the other end of their schooling, children that had It seems that no matter what we do will forever subject us experienced two years of preschool “achieved higher total to the possibility of parental judgement. Fact. final exam scores, better grades in English and in maths, and took more final year exams.” So here’s something for the mums that ‘dare’ to put their According to the Mitchell Institute fact sheet, “children with BENEFITS OF CHILDCARE kids in preschool at least two years of preschool achieve much higher scores Australian and international research have all supported at age 15 than those who attend no preschool or only one the theory that preschool is beneficial for many children. year.” Those that benefit most from this are those experiencing vulnerability or disadvantage. Quality is key Preschool specifically improves cognitive, social and Of course, these statements are not simply broad emotional outcomes. declarations that cover every scenario. These long-term effects are only seen where the preschool is of a high In general, many studies have shown the long-term quality. Low quality preschool sets up children with an benefits of a minimum of two years in preschool, but recent advantage of just three months in the first year of school. research has taken this one step further.

9 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Many developmental psychology experts argue that the daycare environment provides positive effects for child development.

The psychological benefits of

BENEFITS OF CHILDCARE daycare on toddlers

By Valerie Le Baron

Development psychology studies the physical, socio- The daycare environment will support your child in learning emotional and cognitive changes that occur from infancy how to form positive and trusting relationships, acquire throughout life. It is a scientific approach that aims to balance and coordination, as well as how to manage stress, explain how individuals grow, change or remain consistent challenging situations and risks by providing indoor and throughout their lifespan by examining the ways that outdoor areas where your child is able to take calculated thinking, feeling and behaviour develop over time risks and engage in realistic play experiences with their peers. Because early childhood is the time when more physical and developmental changes occur than during any other By encouraging children to participate in imaginative and stage of the life cycle, it is essential to ensure that your creative play, the daycare environment will enhance your child is in the best possible environment to optimise their child’s social and emotional development by putting into development. action what they know and what they see in their everyday lives. Former Australian Education Minister Joy Burch recognises “that early childhood education is pivotal to a child’s Children learn better when they play learning and wellbeing”, ensuring that for many children in Australia, high-standard daycare is the best environment to The daycare environment provides many opportunities for optimise their essential development in the early years and your child to engage in play-based learning. Play-based provide a solid foundation for school. learning has long been recognised by child development experts as the most effective method to enhance your High-quality daycare environment vs child’s natural curiosity and desire to learn, as they find the most creative ways to solve problems. childminding “A high-quality daycare environment can improve the By learning to create and test hypotheses in the play-based cognitive, vocabulary and social development of your learning environment of a daycare centre your child will child by providing safe and mentally stimulating spaces to learn more effective methods to internalise knowledge explore, play and learn the rules of social interaction at a and be ready for future employment in jobs that are yet to pace that meets each child’s individual needs,” says Kids be created. Sir Ken Robinson talks about how important Club Clarence Street Centre Director, Shelli. creative intelligence is for child development in his pivotal 2006 TED Talk. While the brain cells are formed before birth, the connections, the wiring that forms the architecture happens in infancy and early childhood. And how that wiring is formed, either as a strong or weak foundation depends on each child’s interactions with the world around them.

10 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Developing cultural connectedness Children who learn about and develop a connectedness to their culture in their early years are in an optimal position to develop a strong sense of identity and feeling of belonging. Children in Australian daycare centres are taught respect for their own culture, as well as the wide variety of cultures and traditions in their wider community, through the teaching of songs, exposure to food, through an environment that has been set up with experiences that reflect other cultures and by celebrating special days. Additionally, the high value placed on care and respect for the environment in the Australian daycare curriculum helps children to develop empathy and sets up a solid foundation for children to learn and develop lifelong empathetic and environmentally friendly and sustainable habits.

Vanessa Iakovakis, Centre Director of Kids Club Rosebery says “A high-quality daycare centre will help to optimise your child’s development through providing a safe Getting ready for big school environment to begin their lifelong learning journey, providing creative and imaginative play-based learning A high-quality daycare centre environment will help your opportunities, school readiness and a sense of belonging child develop the essential school readiness skills required and cultural connectedness” to provide a solid base for success at school. Childcare centres might also incorporate educational Early childhood professional Sonya Tansey writes on behalf programs with language learning classes. These classes of the National Childcare Accreditation Council Inc (NCAC) are extremely beneficial for your child’s language and brain that “Childcare services are well placed to contribute to the development but also supports their learning of cultural foundations for children’s success at school. By supporting BENEFITS OF CHILDCARE awareness and differences. all areas of children’s development and focusing on building strong, responsive relationships with young children, The childcare environment, more precisely excellent services provide children with the skills and confidence to daycare will positively impact and support a child’s continue along a path of life-long learning.” developmental psychology. The childcare space will provide children with safe, comfortable and exciting play spaces. A Through national guidelines such as the Early Years high-quality childcare will deliver education and preparation Learning Framework (EYLF) and in-house educational for your child’s transition into primary schooling. Plus, at programs such as Kids Club’s “Education for Life” childcare, your child will participate in a range of culturally program, children who attend daycare in Australia are diverse activities, ultimately supporting their learning and exposed to curriculums that have been developed by child development of different cultures and becoming more development experts to foster the teachable moments that culturally aware. children are exposed to and prepare them for a lifetime of learning.

11 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Do toddlers just play all day at daycare? There’s a bit more to it...

By Donné Restom

What they’re doing is learning through play, or child-led learning. This is how it works.

If your little bubba is of the age where daycare or preschool has become a thing, you’ve probably heard the term, child- led learning tossed about like it were the secret password that gets you into the golden kingdom.

OK, maybe that’s taking it a bit too far. But if you’re anything like me, while the term sounds like something legitimate and useful, I’ve never really known its meaning, or how it differs from the other educational streams.

So in the interest of all curious and confused mothers everywhere, Kidspot had a chat to education expert, and Uniting’s Head of Early Learning Service Development, Gabby Holden. What is child-led learning? BENEFITS OF CHILDCARE “Child-led learning extends upon children’s natural curiosity, creative thinking and inquiry,” Holden explains. “Children’s interests and questions are the starting point for deep investigation and lay the foundations for positive attitudes to lifelong learning.

“Child-led learning is a shift from child-centred teaching, where children are supported to take the lead in shaping How would child-led learning help my child their own learning. We take cues from children’s behaviour and have conversations where children’s ideas are genuinely developmentally? sought and valued. When children are actively involved in the learning process, they naturally gain greater understanding and deep “We respond to children’s contributions by reflecting their thinking. ideas and interests in the program. Children are active participants and involved in decision making about daily “We recognise each child as a contributing member of routines, working together on shared interests, investigating the community,” Holden said. “We listen and respond to ideas and solving problems.” children in ways that enable them to make a contribution to their world and impact change for themselves, their family Why would I use a child-led learning and their community. We encourage children to become philosophy? confident and involved learners for life.” Holden says that children learn in a social context. From How can I encourage child-led learning at birth our kids are learning about themselves, others and the world around them. “We nurture their ability to make home? choices about what they learn, the spaces they spend time • Allow your child to develop at their own pace. in and the relationships they build.” • Share in your child’s sense of wonder and curiosity. Children are also capable of initiating their own learning. In • Provide experiences that encourage active involvement a child-led learning environment, children are supported to and discussion. take on responsibilities and be active participants in matters that affect them. We trust that children are competent • Offer open-ended play, where the learning process is decision makers. We arrange routines, experiences and the valued over an end-product. physical environment so that children have opportunities to make choices throughout the day and develop a positive • Repeat and revisit so children can build new sense of identity and wellbeing. understanding and develop more complex thinking.

“We trust that children are competent decision makers. We arrange routines, experiences and the physical environment so that children have opportunities to make choices throughout the day and develop a positive sense of identity and wellbeing,” Holden said.

12 READY FOR CHILDCARE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Ready for Childcare Selecting Childcare Seven important things to consider before you pick a daycare SELECTING CHILDCARE By Louisa Simmonds

A childcare educator tells you what you really need to look at when visiting centres.

I’m ashamed to admit that 20 years ago, when I enrolled time, you can sit in on a session, and if your centre really is my kids at their first childcare centre, I didn’t check it out ticking off all the boxes, you should be called on for regular thoroughly. I was a busy, working mum, grateful for the feedback, which helps inform them for future planning and availability of places in the Montessori-inspired centre that policy updates. wasn’t as expensive as some of its competitors. Added to which, all my friends were sending their kids there, so what As an educator in an OSHC setting, I was recently part of a further justification did I need? team that went through an “assessment and quality rating process”. It was a process we felt prepared for, however, We don’t consider a lot of important factors there is always room for improvement, and it forced our team to examine every quality area of our care. I took Childcare continues to be an expensive commodity for away a lot from the experience, but if I had to pick certain most working parents and caregivers, but the good news elements that I would prioritise now if I was entrusting the is that these days we don’t have to worry about the safety care of the two most precious people in my life to strangers and care of our children, thanks to the regulations and again, these would be my top seven ... ratings system in Australia.

In order to comply, childcare centres must meet a stringent 1. Safety set of regulations, i.e. legal obligations that are evidenced This comes under Quality Area 2 of the National Quality by an extensive amount of compliance paperwork, and Standard, and it goes without saying that for the majority observations (that may include on-the-spot checks) to of parents and caregivers it is the most crucial element. This ensure that basic standards are met. And if they don’t area covers an extensive amount of ground, from hygiene, comply with the regulations and are not seen to be working healthy eating and individual child safety - in terms of child towards a high level of the “standards” required, they can protection - to supervision. Some areas you might want be heavily fined and even shut down. to seek clarification are where your children will be taken (excursions), the ratio of carers to children in your centre, So, even if we’re not all lucky enough to live in an area with the centre’s policy in regard to risky play, how visitors a selection of “exceeding” childcare centres, if your centre are monitored and your centre’s incident and emergency is “meeting” the standards in the ratings process, you can management. reasonably assume that your child’s needs are being met. 2. The centre’s philosophy But you need to be proactive Every childcare centre should have a philosophy that You do need to be aware of your rights as a parent or informs parents and caregivers of the type of education caregiver, as your child’s strongest advocate. You should they follow, and their values and beliefs in relation to a know that you can check out your centre’s policies at any child’s development, care and education. The centre’s

14 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY philosophy is important because every child is an individual to feel assured that their child is seen and accommodated and will have different needs, and while some may flourish and that they and their culture are made welcome at the in the environment provided by a progressive school, for centre. Perhaps more importantly, they need to know that example - where risky play is encouraged – some may kindness, empathy and compassion are values that are not. The best way to see if your centre offers the kind of promoted within the centre. program that inspires your child is to take a look at some of the centre’s programs. 7. Technology Fortunately, I didn’t have to worry about my children’s 3. Facilities – indoor and outdoor exposure to technology when they were in daycare. And For the “all-rounder”, a large space to play in may not be while I believe that screen time has its place in learning and as crucial to their experience as it is for the sporty child, the play, I am also of the opinion that there is absolutely no “nature-loving” child, or the child with attention issues. But reason a child should be bored in a centre full of children, or for those children, the size of the outdoor space might be a for your centre to rely on it for babysitting duties. deciding factor. It is also important to remember that young children learn primarily through exploration and play, rather Amanda Cincotta, Centre Coordinator and Nominated than focused work, so a generous outdoor space is also Supervisor at an OSHC says: “In order for educators to vital as a learning space as well. be successful in these aspects of care, it is also important that parents and caregivers are honest and transparent in 4. Quality of Staff the information they provide. This starts at the enrolment process. Sometimes, parents and caregivers fear that Staffing arrangements come under Quality Area 4 of the their child will be labelled or treated differently when they National Quality Standard and their relationships with provide certain information and they omit it, but I want to children come under Quality Area 5. Trusting relationships reassure them that is not the case. Organise an orientation between staff and the children are a vital component for visit to begin the relationship with the team and determine learning, however, they will only flourish if the staff are whether the dynamics and ethos suit your requirements.” qualified, professional and effective communicators. Ideally, the centre’s program should be “child-centred”, which You decide which of these are most means that the ideas are inspired by the children, so the

SELECTING CHILDCARE staff should also be great listeners. From the parents and important to you caregivers’ perspective, educators must be approachable, Ultimately, the scale of importance of these elements will inclusive and fully aware of their right to confidentiality. You depend on you and the individual needs of your child. need to feel heard, and that you can talk to them about any While every experienced educator endeavours to create concerns you have about your child. A high turn-over of an inclusive program that will engage each child, inevitably staff is definitely a red flag. some activities will suit some children more than others. But that’s not to say that you should be concerned if your 5. Communication child chooses to read a book whilst the other kids are outside playing basketball. In their choice of activity, they Collaborative partnerships with families comes are demonstrating critical thinking, self-awareness and under Quality Area 6 of the National Standard, and possibly self-regulation - and a well-run childcare centre will communication between you and the centre should be an recognise that as an invaluable step to their learning. ongoing process. In general, there won’t be enough time at pick-up for you to chat about your child’s day, therefore you may have to rely on the centre’s communication channels to exchange news and ideas – via a newsletter, observations shared through the centre’s app, social media pages, surveys, or emails. You might find, for example, that a copy of the program sent in advance is invaluable for your child’s preparation for the session – especially if they are anxious or having a bad day. 6. Inclusion This element is a requirement of every centre, however, it will be more pertinent to some people. Those who have children with special needs, special dietary needs, or those of a different ethnicity need

15 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Five things that make a great early childhood educator

By Leslie Loble

Your choice of preschool service can have a big impact on your child’s readiness for school - does your carer tick the boxes?

3. Planning, reflecting on and evaluating their interactions with children When educators have time to plan and reflect, they create the opportunity to deliver more varied and interesting early learning activities. Good planning means children get exposure to new concepts and ideas at developmentally appropriate times, and educators are better prepared to share information with parents and caregivers about their child’s progress. 4. Supporting your child’s learning at home Building strong partnerships between parents and

SELECTING CHILDCARE caregivers and educators is a great way to support children’s learning. When it comes to early childhood development, families as ‘first teachers’ shape most of early learning but also can have a lot of questions: look for an educator with the confidence to give you the answers. 5. Participating in regular professional The NSW Department of Education recently partnered with the University of Wollongong to test a new program development of professional development for early childhood educators, Early childhood educators are experts in child development, and found that on-the-job training not only has a profound and good quality services recognise the importance impact on staff engagement and confidence, but can also of keeping this expertise up to date. When educators boost the social and intellectual development of children. participate in professional development they also often report increased motivation and confidence, which In looking at how to better support professional translates to better outcomes for kids. development of preschool staff, we also discovered a thing or two about the skills educators need to make a good service great: 1. Encouraging constructive play to build learning experiences When children are encouraged to be leaders of their own learning, they develop the independence and confidence they need to transition to school. Good educators enhance play by asking open questions, help identify connections between preschool activities and fundamental numeracy and literacy principles, and provide children the opportunity to discover new things at their own pace. 2. Prioritising children’s emotional development Preschool is often the first place where children have to cope with feelings of confusion and frustration without the help of Mum, Dad or a carer. When children develop the skills to regulate their emotions in preschool, they are better prepared to face learning and social challenges later in life.

16 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Choosing childcare: how to make sure you get it right

By Dr Anna Cohen

Dr Anna Cohen takes us through the things parents and caregivers should consider when choosing an early learning centre for their child.

All parents and caregivers want is a safe, clean high quality Be mindful that the curriculum needs do change as your childcare environment for their child that is both convenient child gets older and should focus on helping your child to and flexible to suit their family’s needs. Childcare is the transition to the next setting. Your child may be staying at start of a child’s learning adventure and should promote a the early learning centre for preschool, so it needs to have a lifelong love of learning. curriculum that caters to developing skills that are required for kindergarten. Dr Anna Cohen, Sydney’s leading clinical child psychologist, suggests some key factors parents and caregivers should 5. Does it feel safe and welcoming? consider when choosing an early learning centre for their child and family. Every centre should be warm and welcoming. As you walk into the centre, it should be clean, calm and have resources 1. Trust your instincts readily available for children such as sand pits and building blocks, so as a parent or caregiver you get a sense that it’s One of the most important things to do as a parent when a place where your child can grow and develop. Feeling choosing a childcare or early learning centre for your child

SELECTING CHILDCARE welcome and safe will not only help your child feel more is to trust your own instincts. You know your child better settled and relaxed, but it will also mean you as a family than anyone and understand what will best work for your can feel confident that your children are safe, happy and child, so feel confident in your decision. Checking if the having fun. centre has a Quality Assurance Accreditation status is a good place to start when filtering through options in the initial stages. 2. Watch for quality interactions The key to a child’s success is the quality of interaction between the educators and the children. When you go on tour of a centre, observe how the educators interact with the children. How are they are talking with the children? Are they engaging with them in a fun and helpful way?

High quality interactions enable children to feel supported as they learn and develop. Like all of us, when we feel safe and cared for, we respond positively. 3. What are they learning Look around the centre to see if there is evidence of quality learning experiences. You should be able to see what the children are learning about and how the educators have made this fun for the children. Things such as paintings, models and pictures can demonstrate how the educators 6. Nutrition policy are engaging the children. Many centres use private family It is important that the centre has a clear nutrition policy communication apps to share learning updates. and this is particularly critical for long-day centres where your child will be a eating a significant number of meals. A 4. Investigate the curriculum good eating approach will ensure that your child is learning The curriculum is the basic tool educators use to support the building blocks for healthy eating habits throughout your child’s learning and development, so be sure to their life. investigate the centre’s curriculum. Guardian Early Learning centres have a curriculum that focuses on play-based When choosing the right childcare centre for you and learning by igniting the children’s curiosity in the world, and your family, it is important to consider these key factors to encouraging a lifelong love of learning. These centres have be sure that the centre will be the best fit for your child. a clear and detailed curriculum to ensure that the children Ultimately, knowing how to best support and encourage are learning in a way that will build the foundations for your child to learn should be the priority of the early learning later in life. They are also designed to ensure each learning centre, as this sets children up for a lifelong child is supported to reach key milestones as they grow and love of learning, in a fun, safe and importantly, inspiring develop. You can find out more by going to their website. environment.

17 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY What you should actually look for in a childcare centre

By Nina Young

As an ex-childcare worker, I had a very specific checklist when I was picking my daughter’s centre.

When you’re a first time parent, it can be really difficult 3. The staff are the most important thing to know what to look for in a childcare centre. Obviously you’re going to want to find one that you can afford and More than fancy new buildings, more than delicious healthy one that can accommodate your working hours, but organic menus, more than anything else, the staff are the beyond those obvious points, what should you actually be most important thing to look at. looking for? • A good sign is a centre with a low staff turnover. My

SELECTING CHILDCARE As an ex childcare worker there are a few things that I daughter’s carers have all been at the centre for years recommend all of my friends look out for when viewing a and they clearly have good relationships with each other centre, and I used the same checklist when I was looking to and with the children. Ask the carers in your child’s enrol my own daughter in daycare. possible new room how long they’ve worked there. If no one has been there for more than a year, it’s a red flag 1. A fancy/expensive set up means nothing that it’s not a nice place to work, and unhappy staff don’t do the best work for your kids. While a sleek, modern centre with a rock climbing wall and a yoga centre might seem impressive, it doesn’t • Look for counting. A good carer will always be counting. automatically mean that your child is going to be learning Seriously, it’s a habit that’s hard to break. You want to more or being better cared for than they would be at leave the room? You do a headcount. You’re moving from the old centre down the road which only has a dingy old the room to the yard for play? You do a headcount. From climbing frame. Don’t be blinded by flashiness. drop off to pick up, you are counting kids. The reason is ratios, there are strict regulations on how many carers 2. The room will give you little clues need to be present to look after the kids depending on the age group. When I was working it was a one to four When you visit for a tour, keep in mind that everyone is ratio and you could never leave the room unless there on their best behaviour, but there are still a few clues that were enough staff to cover that ratio. If you are doing a might tell you that the centre is not running as well as it tour of a centre and ratios are being ignored. Walk away. could. Look around the room what do you see? • Are the staff sitting around chatting in groups? Look, the • Are the children engaged in activities and play? Or are occasional gossip and chat is fine, but really, the staff there children wandering aimlessly? Good carers set up should be spread around the room playing with the kids. activities for the children and interact with them. While If they’re sitting around, it’s a sign the centre has an issue children running and shrieking and playing is normal, with laziness. bored toddlers walking round in a daze is not a good sign. There are plenty of other things to consider, but these are the most important. You need to know that your child is • Is the room clean? Now, pay attention here, because I said in the care of a centre that will engage and nurture them clean, not tidy. A room full of small children is NEVER while keeping them safe. going to be tidy, but if there are still food scraps from morning tea all over the floor an hour after the kids have Don’t be embarrassed about asking specific questions eaten, that’s a bit of an issue. You need to know that all about how the room runs day to day, don’t feel like an over hygiene and cleaning guidelines are being followed, if the anxious parent if you want to ask about safety procedures. staff are taking shortcuts on sweeping and mopping who At the end of the day, you’re trusting these people to look knows what other shortcuts might be taken. after the most precious thing in your world - and you need to know that you’re putting that trust in the right place. • Are gates and doors closed? After anyone enters and exits an area with a gate or door they should shut it behind them. If gates are being propped open and kids are wandering into empty rooms, run, this centre does not have safety at the forefront of their minds.

18 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY What to expect when you sign up for childcare

By Pilar Mitchell

With many partners heading back to work two or three weeks after their baby is born, it can be an exhilarating and/or nerve-wracking time for many mothers.

• Your and your child’s Centrelink Customer Reference Number to claim Childcare Subsidy

• Birthdate, address and contact details

• Emergency contacts that can answer questions or collect your child if you can’t

• Dietary and allergy requirements

• Notes about toilet training, sleep patterns, feeding

The information you provide makes the transition as smooth as possible. SELECTING CHILDCARE What to bring to childcare Regardless of age, every child will need a change of clothes, sunhat and a water bottle in their bag.

Babies need a few extra things, like formula or a stash of frozen breast milk and a bottle. Send a sleeping bag and If you’re thinking about childcare for the first time, it’s hard a dummy if they use those at home, and if your child is in to know what to expect. How do you enrol? How do you cloth nappies, needs a special nappy rash cream or brand get your little one (and yourself) prepared? How will they of nappies, you can send those as well. cope without you? Older kids might need a fitted sheet and pillowcase for their You’ve never done this before, and that can be scary. Don’t naptime cots. worry. Childcare centres, family daycares and preschools have helped thousands of parents and caregivers and Some preschools supply morning and afternoon tea, but caregivers through the process. ask parents and caregivers or caregivers to pack a lunch for their children. Others will provide all the meals. Here’s some information to get you started. Childcare is a messy place. There are sandpits, grass, How do I enrol my child in care? painting projects and all kinds of ways to get dirty. Make sure you send kids in clothes you don’t mind getting dirty. Whether you’re seeking centre-based daycare, trying to get into your local preschool or family daycare, you’ll likely have to put your child on a waitlist. Call the centre to request a How do we cope with the transition? tour and ask them about the waitlist. If this is your child’s first time in care, transition can take a while. Kids who go full time might adjust faster than kids As you get closer to the date you want to start care, call who go twice a week simply because they’re there more the centre to check in. Sometimes calling and showing your often. interest will help your child secure a spot. It can be hard to walk away when your child is crying, If the childcare has space for your son or daughter, they’ll but try to trust the carers and not to draw out goodbyes. offer you a place in writing, specifying which days your Carers are masters of distracting kids. Give your child a kiss, child will attend. You can often do a few transition days say goodbye and leave. where you and your child visit together and spend some time getting to know the centre and carers. You can ask the centre to update you over the phone, and most centres will send updates with photos of the kids’ The childcare provider will need some information when days. you enrol:

19 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Ready for Childcare How to prepare 5 ways to get your child ready for starting childcare

By Dr Harvey Karp

Paediatrician, Dr Harvey Karp talks about how to prepare your little person for this big day.

When your tot was a chubby little babe curled in your arms, Little kids tend to tune out our sermons (messages preschool or daycare probably seemed like a loooong way delivered to their mind’s “front door”) but they are off. But now the big day has come! And as much as this fascinated by what they overhear us say or see us do new stage may make your head spin, starting childcare is (messages delivered to their mind’s “side door”). often a major life shift to our little kiddos, too. One nice way to give little “side door” messages is to Fortunately, there are a few things you can do to help ease make up little fairy tales… with a message. For example, do this transition and help smooth the move for your growing some little stories about a pony princess who triumphs by tykes. helping her schoolmates. Another of my favourite side-door techniques is to “catch others being good.” Here are a few ways to get your child ready for preschool or kindergarten. That is, when you see someone else demonstrating the kind of behaviour you want to see in your child, notice it by commenting out loud… to yourself (without looking at your child). Of course, your child will overhear you, but won’t feel judged or manipulated by your comment.

For example, “Hmmm… they waited so quietly for their turn. HOW TO PREPARE I like it when people don’t push and shove in line”. Role-play what to expect at childcare For a tyke who has never been in care, stepping into the room for the first time can feel a little like setting foot on a distant planet. You can, of course, talk to your child about what to expect, but role-playing is another way to sneak in the side door of your little one’s head. Role-play—either yourself or you could use dolls and stuffed animals—what it might look like to join circle time the first time the teacher asks, to share a toy with a friend, or to be a good listener when someone else is talking. Read books about childcare Nail down your routines Books are such a wonderful window to the world! In this Routines and rituals make little kids feel safe and secure. instance, books about the first days away from their parents In this time of BIG changes, they’ll feel comforted knowing and caregivers the first time can help your child understand that they can count on a few things to stay the same (for what it will be like and banish the jitters. example: “We eat breakfast, then we brush our teeth, and then get our shoes.”) Routines are, of course, also a sanity- Listen to your child’s worries saver for busy parents and caregivers… especially when Starting care is a big change, and it can be pretty scary you’re racing against the clock in the morning. for a little kid. If your tot is anxious, take time to listen to their fears. Of course, you don’t want to just brush off their While having a set morning routine may be a no-brainer, concerns (no one likes their honest concerns to be brushed it’s smart to shore up your nighttime routine too. Getting a off), but also you don’t need to be in a rush to reassure good night’s sleep will help make your child more focused, your child that everything will be all right. Best is to validate alert, and happy at school. So, stick to a regular bedtime, their feelings— using Toddler-ese plus the Fast-Food Rule and get in the habit of winding down) at least 30 minutes (it’s not just for tantrums!)—for a few sentences, before you before your child hits the hay. offer your reassurance or thoughtful suggestions.

Plant seeds of kindness Remember, for little kids the start of childcare may be a Your child’s social circle will get much wider as they start bit scary and stressful. But, to be sure, it is the beginning school! If they’ve spent most their lives surrounded only by of many years of exciting challenges, adventures and Mum or Dad, getting used to sharing and taking turns may wonderful memories for you both! not exactly be second nature. Fortunately, you can begin to build a foundation of kindness and consideration at home. One fantastic way to teach character and manners is to “plant seeds of kindness.”

21 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY How to tackle the first day of daycare By Leah Goulis What you can expect during their first days and how you can tackle the challenging moments.

Starting your little one at daycare for the first time can be supporting you with strategies to encourage positive a very anxious time – for parents and caregivers and the transitions, such as having experiences set out that your child! With plenty of experience under her belt, we chat child enjoys to help calm them when they arrive. with Early Childhood Teacher Melissa Divola about what you can do to help the transition from home to daycare be • You may feel you’re doing the wrong thing by leaving a smooth one. your child in childcare, and these feeling are normal for any parent and carer. It’s a change for everyone and takes How to prepare them (and you!) time for it to become more familiar. Always feel you can check on your child with a phone call. It’s hard to tell how the new arrangement will go, but with a bit of preparation things may go smoother than you • The carers will want to talk with you at pick ups to let you thought. Here’s what Melissa recommends in the lead up to know information about your child’s day, their interests, your child’s first day. any concerns and to build relationships. Being open to establishing relationships with your child’s carers provides • It’s important for parents and caregivers to visit the a foundation for support, effective communication and centre and talk with the staff/director to gain as much positive relationships. information as possible. Ask to have a walk through and take a list of questions with you that you might want to • Be prepared to deal with the idea that your child may ask. The more you know about something the less fear not settle in immediately. It may take some time and you have of the unknown. strategies to work through transitioning and routines. • Orientation visits are very important, as they allow you How to deal with difficult drop offs and your child to become familiar with the setting, the “Dropping off your child to an unfamiliar environment can HOW TO PREPARE staff, and building relationships. be a difficult task at times,” Melissa says. When dealing with • If you have a preschooler who is old enough to any drop off its important to keep these things in mind. understand, talk about childcare with them, and some of the processes such as drop offs and pick ups, making • Inform your child of what’s going to happen. Detail the new friends, new learning opportunities and play. steps such as when we arrive we will say good morning to the teachers, put out belongings in their places and • Take your child shopping and include them in choosing find an activity to join. You are mentally preparing them items needed, such as a bag, water bottle, hat, etc. This for what’s going to happen and follow through with what gives them ownership in the process, and assists parents you detailed. and caregivers in talking about going to childcare with their child. • As tempting as it is to sneak away, it’s important to always say good bye to your child before you leave and • Take a support person with you for the first few drop not just disappear! This establishes routine for the future offs – having someone with you will help with any and allows them to know you are leaving instead of overwhelming feelings you might have about leaving your frightening them when they cannot find you. precious cherub in someone else’s care. • Allow your child to have a transitional object that may • Tell the teachers everything and anything about your assist with helping them feel a connection from home to child! The more information a parent and carer can give assist with settling. This can be something simple like a to the staff, the more they will be able to cater to your blankie, comforter, or teddy. Just make sure it’s clearly child’s needs and with making the transition a smooth labelled! and positive one. • As much as you’ll find it hard to leave, staying for a long • Be consistent in routines when dropping off your child, time when dropping off can create the sense that you’re this limits disruption and negative transitions. staying with them, making it harder when it comes time to leave. Stay for a few minutes as they settle into an • Implement some of the centres routines at home to help experience and then say good bye before leaving. with transitioning your child. For example, morning tea time, nap/quiet time, outside play, etc. • Be consistent. Your child will immediately pick up on any change and through consistency comes structure and What to expect routine and these things assist children with settling in. Melissa says: “Every child is different and each will start • Stay positive. Your child will pick up on your emotions their time in care in different ways. Some might be happy and react to them. Always feel open to call once you and excited to embark on new and exciting things, other have left to check in with staff about how your child has will feel overwhelmed with separation anxiety from their settled in once you left. Save the tears for later! parents and caregivers and being put into this strange environment that they know nothing about.” • It’s not a good idea to re-enter the room once you have said your goodbyes, as this can lead to a prolonged • Be realistic! It might take days to weeks for your child to separation anxiety and establishing a drop off routine. settle in. Communicating with staff can often help with

22 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Don’t panic! Your toddler is learning more than you realise By Donné Restom

Enough with the guilt – it’s time to relax. According to experts, kids are often learning even when you think they’re not.

From the moment they’re born, our children are learning. We know we should be engaging our children in learning activities well before they start school but it can become an obsession. In fact, many parents and caregivers feel guilty if they’re not actively teaching their children at all times. Keep it simple While some parent-directed play is important and beneficial for both parent and child, it’s also important to let your child learn through their own experiences.

“Clinically, I see many parents and caregivers who are absolutely stage-managing the whole weekend where the child has no moment that is not scheduled and fascinating,” “I have always tried to give my children as many

HOW TO PREPARE says child psychologist Judith Locke. experiences as I could growing up, but I think time together is more important than structured learning when they are Here are some top tips from Judith to help your child learn young.” in their own way:

• “Make sure your child has the opportunity to develop Don’t stress about your child’s learning their own creativity, in their own way.” The most important thing to remember is not to worry about your child; there are plenty of simple ways of • “Don’t make everything elaborate – sometimes they love ensuring little ones are learning that don’t make things hard to play with a cardboard box!” for mum.

• “Even TV time can be good for them, if you choose Remember wisely; choose educational programs, of which there are an abundance to choose from.” • When it comes to babies, just placing them in a comfortable position where they can view the world • “As long as it is not the primary babysitter, I don’t think around them can be enough. TV – if given in short bursts – is so bad for them.” • Children of any age don’t have to be learning through • “Try watching their favourite shows with them and talk parent and caregiver-directed activities all the time; about what they’re watching and learning.” learning to amuse themselves will teach them to understand the world. Structure vs free play Mum-of-three Isabel De Bono is a firm believer in striking a • Enjoy playing with your children; they will learn just by balance between structured learning and play. having you around and having fun.

“We always do an activity together, which is structured to • Playing with toys and objects and talking about them assist their learning in some way,” says Isabel. “Fine motor helps babies and toddlers begin to learn how things work, skills games, art activities, jigsaws – and every night involves for example, that objects have different shapes, colours stories before bed. and textures.

“But I believe children are actively learning all the time, and • You can even teach them – and keep them busy – at this doesn’t always mean one-on-one learning. They learn the supermarket; ask them to find the yellow food, the just as much through self-exploration if they have enough biggest apple, the smallest lemon, etc. stimulus around.” • Kids learn by example. Taking 10 minutes to read on the Isabel also believes life experience makes a lot of difference couch is actually showing them that reading is fun and to a developing child. “Experiencing the beach or a farm or worthwhile, setting them in good stead for the future ... the zoo or just going to a playground helps a child in later and you get to catch up on your favourite book. years. It all helps when using prior knowledge at school to assist with their inferring and predicting, and visualisation when learning to read and comprehend.”

23 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY ‘To my daughter on her first day of daycare’

By Kimberley Allsopp

I also suffer from what must be the one of the main happiness killers of parents and caregivers – guilt. I feel guilty that she’s going to daycare but I’m guilty that she sees me on my phone doing emails all the time, when we’re at home together. I’m guilty that I have to leave to go to work in the mornings.

I’m guilty that I rely on cartoons to distract her while I take a phone call. At least at daycare people will be constantly doing activities with her and helping her learn, not just about colours but also about how to be a person in the world.

How to interact with humans’ other than those that are biologically compelled to love her. The first drop off day came In the end, on that first day, I was incredibly lucky. She ran through the gate, which was actually painted a cheery red instead of prison grey and yelled ‘Bye, Bye’ as if I’d been First day at daycare can be a stressful time holding her back. HOW TO PREPARE - and not just for the kids. Here’s how one While I spent the day fretting about how she’d realise that I wasn’t there, she painted, played and ate her weight in mum dealt with it. green beans and rice. I found myself crying in a meeting room, thinking about how big my kid was now – after all once she’s in daycare it’s only a step and a jump until she I had pushed it out of my head until the night before, but leaves me for university or some horrible boy who walks there it was at 3am. A sepia-filtered nightmare. around in a cloud of Lynx and bad intentions. Opening the gate from the street. My daughter clinging on When day one was relatively tantrum-free, I thought we’d to me for dear life. Screaming. Her vocabulary has grown gotten off easy but on day two she realised that this was a exponentially in the fifteen-minute pram ride over – fully- reoccurring thing and she was suspicious at drop off and formed questions have replaced what were once ‘Mum’ and now I’ve just done day three and she was grabbing on to ‘Hi’. me for dear life until one of the lovely staff pried her from Tears are streaming down her face while through gulping my arms. wails, she asks me why I don’t love her anymore? Why do I cried on the walk out of the centre but when my partner I want to abandon her with these strangers? What has she and I returned to get the wallet and phone he’d left behind done to be cast out like this? – minutes later – all I could hear was squeals of laughter. At 17 months old, I’d only ever left her with family before (a Crying can’t compete with coloured chalk. luxury that I’ve been afforded by having a partner that does My suggestions now that I’m a learned mother of three shift-work and a supportive workplace) and had been able drop-offs: to avoid the germ farms that are daycare centres. Treat yourself. Get a coffee on that first day, do an exercise You can’t just avoid daycare... class, just do something that you can’t do comfortably However, the shift-work roster is unpredictable and I need when you have that extra limb attached to you. the full-time monies. She’s gotta go to daycare. Even if a Find your equivalent of the chalk and distract yourself. I large chunk of the pay is going to the daycare. had the office but I think The Bold Type would have been The thing is, I knew H would actually love daycare. equally good.

She’s one of the chattiest kids in the world – what was And lastly, give yourself a break. Whether you’re dropping once a ten-minute dash through the supermarket is now off a child that’s six-months or six-years, it’s hard. Parenting thirty minutes of her greeting anyone that walks by with is hard. We signed up for hard. You know what’s real nice, a level of enthusiasm not seen since The Backstreet Boys though? The hug at pick-up. went on tour (I’m obviously talking about the Backstreet’s Back years – what they were returning from I’ve never quite known but my teenage self was there for it).

24 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Ready for Childcare Your child’s nutrition What an ideal food day for a toddler looks like

By Susie Burrell

They need to eat HOW much? A nutritionist gives us the low-down on the ideal foods and portion sizes for your toddler.

Any parent of a demanding toddler will likely tell you about their erratic, fussy and unpredictable eating habits. One day they eat eggs and broccoli and then the next only white rice and bananas. It can be very easy to be drawn into their powerful food web and end up making several meals in an attempt to see one being consumed.

The most important thing for any parent and caregiver of a toddler to know is that they actually need very small amounts of food. Unlike babies who need a significant number of calories to cater for rapid growth and development, growth during the toddler years slows considerably, which means they simply do not need as much to eat.

YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION The most common scenario in current times is that toddlers stock up on milk and high calorie ‘extra foods’ (25-30 percent of all calories our toddlers are consuming are coming from extra foods or treats), which means they are just not all that hungry for their meat, fish and vegetables. with a protein-rich filling such as tuna, chicken breast, egg Toddlers also tend to regulate their food intake over the or turkey will work well here, as will serving it with some course of several days which means while they may eat chopped up vegetables. Another option is to serve a small, a lot one day, they may not eat much the next and it bar of soap sized hot meal or leftovers from the night generally balances out. So if you are constantly worried before. Again aim to offer a small serve of milk after the about what your toddler is or is not eating, here is an meal and be prepared to keep any leftover lunch options example of a toddler day on a plate. for afternoon tea. Historically a dessert or sweet food may be served after lunch but this is not necessary for young Breakfast children. While it is tempting to offer your toddler their milk first, remember this is what often fills them up so always offer Mid-afternoon solid food first. Good breakfast options for a one-to-three- It is crucial that any foods consumed through the afternoon year-old include a single sugar-free breakfast biscuit such do not fill small children up so they do not eat their dinner, as Vita Brits or two tablespoons of oats served with milk especially if dinner will be served at 5pm. Aim for the last or natural yoghurt. Particular hungry toddlers may add ½ -1 snack of the day to be consumed by 3pm and keep it light piece of fresh fruit or ½ - 1 slice of wholemeal or wholegrain - a couple of crackers, a piece of cheese, half or quarter toast with avocado or 100 percent nut spread (provided of a sandwich from lunch or some chopped up vegetables they are not allergic). An egg on toast is another nutritious with a little hummus or cream cheese. Indeed slipping some breakfast option. vegetables in at this snack is a good way to make sure they are consuming some of the one-to-two cups of salad and/ Mid-morning or vegetables they need every day. While small children do require snacks to get all the calories they do need, try and leave at least two hours in between Dinner eating occasions to help them learn that there is a time to Often well-meaning parents and caregivers take toddler eat and a time not to, and to allow enough time for them to mealtime way too seriously, preparing elaborate meals that actually feel hungry. Good snack options include a cheese a toddler has no interest in. Young children like plain, simple slice or stick, 100g plain yoghurt, a small container of food - spaghetti bolognese, a cutlet and cut up vegetables, chopped fruit and a small (150ml) serve of infant formula or a couple of small sausages and vegetables or a piece of cow’s milk. crumbed chicken and salad.

Lunch A toddler only needs 50-70g of cooked protein and a half Lunch is a good meal to introduce the regular intake of to one cup of salad or vegetables. It is also important to salad or vegetables keeping in mind that children attending keep in mind that they may not need a lot of dinners if they long daycare or preschool will most likely be served a hot have already consumed a hot meal at preschool. In this meal which will contain vegetables. One or half a sandwich case, a slice of toast with some baked beans or an egg may

26 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY be all they need or feel like. of your kid’s yoghurt put it back on the shelf.

Again, try and wait to offer milk after dinner and if you do The next question that relates to yoghurts is whether low YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION choose to serve dessert, aim to do so on set days each fat and/or diet yoghurts are appropriate. As a general rule week as opposed to negotiating for kids to eat dinner of thumb, low-fat yoghurts tend to be higher in sugars first which can promote overeating. Low calorie, nutritious while diet yoghurts generally contain artificial sweeteners. dessert options for small children include a couple of As such these products are best left to adults, if at all. tablespoons of plain yoghurt and chopped fruit, a small frozen yoghurt stick or a hot milk drink. Another popular yoghurt is the growing range of Greek- style yoghurts. Greek-style yoghurts are higher in protein, What to drink? thanks to the straining process which sees excess whey removed, and results in thicker, stronger tasting yoghurt. Aside from the recommended 500-600ml of cows or toddler milk per day, water is the only suggested drink While these are nutritionally superior for adults, they may for young children. Cordial, fruit drinks and smoothies are be a little high in protein for small children and as such all high sugar, high calorie drinks not suitable for small natural yoghurt with fresh fruits added is the best choice children. nutritionally. So where does this leave you? The good news is that What’s the best yoghurt? there are so many poor quality yoghurt choices for kids The yoghurt aisle in the supermarket can be completely that it leaves very few good ones! For small children, the overwhelming, even for a nutritionist! With Greek, natural, only yoghurt I favour is the Barambah baby yoghurt. With diet, kids and low-fat varieties all sprouting their many nothing but whole milk on the ingredient list, you will be health benefits, it is confusing at best. So what is the offering your baby or toddler all the good stuff and none of best type of yoghurt for small children? Well, those ‘kids’ the bad and that is what a natural food like yoghurt should yoghurts may not be as healthy as you think they are. be about. Yoghurt in its natural, unsweetened state is a calcium and protein-rich food, and a source of the naturally occurring sugar lactose. Natural yoghurt has a distinct tangy flavour and contains 5-10g of naturally occurring sugars per serve.

The most common yoghurt we see in supermarkets and the type of yoghurt most commonly packaged as a ‘kids’ yoghurt is a sweetened version. Sweetened with either sweeteners, fruit or sugars, sweet fruit yoghurts can contain as much as 30g of sugars per serve and even up to 20g of sugars in popular kids’ yoghurts - far too much. As a general rule of thumb if you see sugar written on the label

27 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY How much iron your toddler YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION actually needs in their diet

By Melissa Meier

Falling short in the iron stakes can lead to underdeveloped kids, these are the foods to stock up on if you think your child is headed that way.

It’s not rocket science: kids need a lot of good nutrition to How much iron do kids need? grow and develop properly. And while there are plenty of all-important nutrients, I’m shining the spotlight on iron. As you’re well aware, children experience periods of rapid Here’s why. growth (seriously, how many times can their shirt size change in one year?!) – and that’s why they have increased What is iron? iron needs. Iron plays an essential role in making red blood cells that But you might be surprised to learn that up until six months transport oxygen around your body. It also supports a of age, breast milk or formula along with the iron stores strong immune system and has a role in energy production. that babies build up before birth provide all of the iron they For children in particular, iron is key for growth and brain need. Thereafter, however, food needs to be introduced development. to keep up with extra nutrient demands. As children grow, their iron requirements vary with age and gender, so here’s There are two different types of iron. The first is ‘haem’ a quick run-down: iron, which is iron that comes from animals and is easily absorbed. Then there’s ‘non-haem’ iron, which is iron that comes from plants and is much harder to absorb. Boy Girl Without enough iron, children (and adults alike) can become tired, irritable and have difficulty concentrating. 1-3 years 9mg per day 9mg per day Regular headaches, paleness and feelings of weakness or dizziness are common, too. For kids, iron deficiency 4-8 years 10mg per day 10mg per day is serious business, as it can hinder their growth and development. It may also lead to recurring infections, loss 9-13 years 8mg per day 8mg per day of appetite and even behavioural problems.

Now that you have the iron down pat, find out how much 14-18 years 11mg per day 15mg per day dairy your little one needs, or whether they’re eating enough (or too much) fruit?

28 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION

What are toddler-friendly iron sources? • Fortified cereals – grain foods can also have iron added in to them during manufacturing, so it pays to check the Your body cannot produce iron, it can only store it – so it’s ingredients list and look for the word ‘iron’. important that toddlers receive a variety of iron-rich foods every day. Some of the best choices are: • Nuts and seeds – whole nuts pose a choking hazard for littlies, but pastes such as peanut butter or tahini are • Red meat – toddlers obviously can’t eat a huge slab of great over wholegrain toast or crackers. steak, but minced beef, lamb or pork is a winner in dishes like shepherd’s pie, meatballs or tacos. Aim for three to • Dried fruit – while fresh fruit is the best option most of four red meat dishes on your menu each week. the time, a handful of dried fruit every now and then can provide a valuable boost of non-haem iron. • Poultry – shredded through casseroles, soups and stir- fries, chicken or turkey are good options for haem iron • Tofu – an excellent high-iron protein choice for (albeit, they don’t contain as much as red meat). #meatfreemonday, tofu is a good one for kids as it absorbs the flavours of whatever you put with it – so you • Fish – think: fish patties or tuna pasta for quick and easy can easily suit their tastes and preferences. mid-week meals. So, now you’ve got the basics down pat, there’s just a few • Eggs – scrambled, poached, soft-boiled, hard-boiled, in an last things to consider. omelette or frittata… the list of possibilities goes on and on. Eggs are a super convenient ingredient for a quick For one, non-haem iron should be paired with a source meal that packs an iron punch. of Vitamin C to boost iron absorption (think: citrus fruits, berries and some veggies). • Legumes – beans, chickpeas and lentils are often an after- thought, but they’re actually one of the healthiest foods Two, large quantities of calcium can hinder iron absorption, you can get your hands on. That’s not just because they so make sure your child isn’t guzzling down endless bottles contain iron, but also quality carbs, lean protein and gut- of milk. And three, if you’re concerned that your child isn’t loving fibre, too. Think: lentil soup, chickpeas in hummus getting enough iron, be sure to chat to your doctor before or baked beans on toast. starting supplements – because having too much iron can be just as (if not, more) dangerous! • Wholegrains – foods like rolled oats, brown rice and wholemeal bread contain iron as they are made with the iron-rich ‘germ’ portion of the grain (whereas refined white grains do not contain the germ).

29 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Is juice ever a good option for the lunch box? A dietitian weighs in

By Melissa Meier

Dietitian Melissa Meier gives her verdict on whether juice is a good option for the lunch box; plus, what healthier alternatives are available.

The school year is well underway, and so returns the • Nudie Nothing But 2 Oranges dreaded task of packing lunches. Luckily, with a few handy lunch box fillers up your sleeve, the job is made a *teeny* • Just Juice Apple Juice bit easier. • Prima Apple No Added Sugar (this product contains One such lunch box filler is the old faithful, a juice box - and sweeteners) while you might think they’re on the healthier end of the lunch box snack spectrum, it turns out a it isn’t as good for Healthier sips your little one as you might think. What I’d suggest over a fruit box, however, is a plain old bottle of water. As boring as it sounds, water should always Is juice ever a good option? be the drink of choice for day-to-day sipping. It is essential As a product of fruit, it’s easy to see why juice has a bit of for keeping little bodies hydrated, functioning properly a health halo. Indeed, juice provides many of the essential and cool. If your child struggles to drink enough, you could

YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION micronutrients found in fruit, but unfortunately, it lacks infuse their water bottle with fruity flavours via a couple of the all-important fibre that whole fruits contain. That’s a slices of orange or a handful of mixed berries. double whammy - not only is fibre important for a healthy For something a little more satisfying, a plain milk box is a digestive system, it also helps to keep hunger pangs at bay. healthy choice. Not only will it help with hydration, but also It’s important to keep in mind that juice is a concentrated provide hunger-busting protein and bone-strengthening source of sugar. Even if there is no added sugar, juice is calcium. packed with natural sugar; and while this type of sugar is no cause for concern when it comes from a whole piece Other lunch box fillers of fruit - it can contain the equivalent amount of sugar of When it comes to other lunch box fillers, anything from several pieces of fruit. one of the five core food groups is a good idea. Instead of a heavily processed, packaged snack that could send Just think about how many oranges it takes to get a glass your child’s intake of harmful sodium and saturated fat of fresh OJ! skyrocketing, try building lunch box fillers out of fruit, All of that sugar can make fruit juice an easy-to-drink, hefty vegetables, dairy, whole grains and/or protein. source of kilojoules, which is not ideal for littleys or adults. To give you a helping hand, here are ten of my dietitian- If there is added sugar in your child’s favourite fruit drink, approved ideas that I’d recommend over fruit juice any day: that’s unfortunately even worse because of the damage sugar-sweetened beverages can have on dental health. • A small tub of plain yoghurt with fresh berries on top Healthier juices • Veggie sticks with hummus or tzatziki All that being said, it’s not necessary to wipe juice entirely • A mini tin of reduced-salt baked beans off the menu (unless your child is less than 12 months of age, in which case they should not consume juice at all). • A couple of handfuls of air-popped popcorn Fruit juice can count as a serve of fruit, but the caveat • Whole grain crackers with a slice or two of cheese is that it should only be consumed every now and then. When your child does consume juice, their intake should be • A mini homemade veggie frittata, made of eggs, capped at just 125ml (half a cup). tomatoes and cheese

If your child absolutely insists on a juice box, I’d suggest • A homemade muesli slice, made of rolled oats, coconut, making it a once a week treat. To give you a helping hand mixed seeds, honey and extra virgin olive oil on selecting a healthier variety, the team from CHOICE have scoured the supermarket shelves for products with • A couple of hard-boiled eggs no added sugar and no more than 370 kilojoules per box • A snack-sized packet of roasted chickpeas – a criteria I can certainly endorse. The five products they selected were: • Whole grain crackers with a mixture of tuna, yoghurt and mustard • Golden Circle No Added Sugar Orange Juice

• Just Juice Orange Juice

30 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY How much dairy does your child need?

By Melissa Meier

Boys have different dairy requirements than girls depending on their age.

It’s no surprise that a healthy, balanced diet is key for Boys optimal growth and development. But the combination of clever marketing tricks and everybody on social media • 2-3 years = 1.5 serves per day throwing in their own two cents can make it hard to know • 4-8 years = 2 serves per day what’s truly healthy – and what’s not worth your valuable time or money. • 9-11 years = 2.5 serves per day

Dairy (read: milk, yoghurt and cheese) is the latest culprit to • 12-18 years = 3.5 serves per day be thrown into the public nutrition boxing ring. One minute you’re told it’s super nutritious, and the next it’s made out Girls to be the devil in disguise. So, to settle the debate once and • 2.3 years = 1.5 serves per day for all, here’s everything you need to know about feeding your family dairy. • 4-8 years = 1.5 serves per day Is dairy healthy? • 9-11 years = 3 serves per day

YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION In short: yes. Dairy is a super healthy food group for • 12-18 years = 3.5 serves per day children and adults alike. And if you’re wondering what a serve actually looks like, it’s For one, it’s a rich source of calcium, which is essential for one cup of milk (or a calcium-fortified alternative like soy strong bones and teeth. That’s particularly important for milk), three-quarters of a cup of yoghurt, two slices (40g) children and adolescents who are developing their peak of hard cheese, or half a cup of soft cheese, like ricotta. bone mass. You see, when you don’t get enough calcium from food, your body takes calcium from the calcium bank Each of these serves provides roughly 300mg of calcium. in your bones and uses it for vital functions like beating The Australian Dietary Guidelines suggest that for children hearts and pumping muscles. And that drain on calcium over the age of two, reduced-fat dairy options are generally over time can lead to weak and brittle bones, which can be the best choice. detrimental to your health. Can you get calcium from non-dairy But you might be surprised to learn that dairy isn’t just good for skeletal health. It can also provide a significant sources? protein punch to support growing muscles, and it is a You might be wondering if you can get calcium from source of many crucial micronutrients, like Vitamin B12 non-dairy sources. The answer is yes, but getting enough’ for blood and nervous system function and Vitamin A for sans milk, yoghurt and cheese is a rather hard task. To give healthy eyes. you some perspective, you’d get an amount of calcium equivalent to a serve of dairy from:

How much do you need? • 100 grams of almonds with the skin on (that’s a lot of The good news is that virtually all children aged two to almonds!) three years old are getting enough calcium in their diet. As they grow older, however, the story is not so positive. • 60 grams of tinned sardines Unfortunately, calcium intakes worsen with age, particularly • 100 grams of salmon with edible bones for teenage girls. You’ll be shocked to hear that 90 percent of girls aged 14 to 18 have an inadequate intake (yep, you • 100 grams of tofu (but there is variation between brands, read that correctly!). For boys of the same age, it’s almost so it pays to check the label) as dire at 70 percent. All in all, it is possible but requires very careful planning. So, how much calcium do your little ones actually need? For one to three-year-olds, you’re after 500mg per day. It And there you have it! The crucial role of calcium and how then bumps up to 700mg per day for four to eight-year- to ensure your little one is getting enough to support a long olds, 1000mg per day for nine to 11-year-olds and 1300mg and healthy life. per day for 12 to 18-year-olds.

If that sounds a little mind-boggling, don’t worry, there’s a more practical solution: focus on the recommended number of dairy serves per day. Here’s a quick run-down of what’s required:

31 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Five nutritionist-approved snacks to satisfy those afternoon munchies By Melissa Meier

Forget superfoods, the good stuff is probably already in your pantry.

If you’re the parent or caregiver of a preschool aged littely, 4. Fruit smoothie you’re sure to know the insatiable hunger that hits once they arrive home after a long day of learning. But packets Kids love smoothies and anything sweet – so if your child of chips and biscuits won’t satisfy for long – leaving them is a fusspot when it comes to fruit, this could a be a game coming back for more and eventually spoiling their appetite changer. A healthy smoothie contains just one serve of fruit for dinner. per portion, along with a cup of reduced-fat milk (no honey required). So, if you find yourself wondering what healthy foods you can feed them that will keep their hunger pangs at bay, Keep a variety of chopped up fruit in the freezer so your listen up. Here are my top five ideas for nutritious afternoon little one can mix and match what they’re feeling like on snacks. the day. That’ll help with variety and keep them feeling interested. Anything seasonal will usually do the trick – 1. Cheese platter some of my personal favourites are banana, mango and mixed berries. It sounds elaborate, but let’s make it clear: I’m not talking about the creamy wheels of Brie you’d share with friends

YOUR CHILD’S NUTRITION on the weekend. Instead, I’m talking about small portions of lighter varieties, like ricotta or cottage cheese. Half a cup per person, or a slice or two of reduced-fat cheddar, is a good portion size – it’ll keep the kilojoule content in check while contributing a dose of all-important calcium for strong bones and teeth.

Paired with wholegrain crackers and veggies that are perfect for snacking (think: carrot sticks, baby cucumbers and cherry tomatoes), this after school snack has the winning combination of protein and fibre that keeps your kids feeling satiated. 2. Nut butter on toast Preschools don’t usually permit nuts in the lunchbox, so the after-school snack is a good opportunity to get in some of these nutrition superstars. There’s plenty of new nut butter varieties on the market (think: cashew, brazil nut or almond butter) – so why not try a few.

Nuts have been linked with reduced risk of many chronic diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, and they also support brain health. Plus, nuts provide many key nutrients for growing bodies – heart-healthy fats, muscle-building protein and energising iron, to name a few. 3. Veggie sticks and healthy dip 5. Roasted chickpeas Here’s a shocking stat, only five per cent of kids eat enough For kids who love all things crunchy and moreish (think: veggies. Yikes! So, how do you help your little one eat more potato crisps), this is a great alternative – and you’ll be of the good stuff? Besides hiding them in anything and pleased to hear they’re super easy to prepare. First up, everything, one tip is to serve veggies with other foods they drain and rinse a tin of chickpeas, pat them dry with paper really like – a tasty dip can be a nice solution. towel and lay them on an oven tray. Then add a little olive oil, whatever flavours you like (garlic and rosemary or just a Hummus, tzatziki and salsa are amongst my top choices, pinch of salt are yum!) and roast away. Ta da! but it always pays to check the label. You’re looking for as little saturated fat as possible and less than 400 milligrams Your kids will be left feeling fuller for longer, thanks to their of sodium per 100 grams. low glycaemic index and high fibre content. Plus, they won’t even know they’re actually eating veggies – hah!

32 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Ready for Childcare How to adjust Helping your child manage their big emotions

By Jacqui Preugschat

It’s been a year of stress and uncertainty and our kids aren’t immune to that. Here are an expert’s tips to help.

For anyone, no matter what age, managing your emotions places and events can really have a positive effect on their and behaviour can be challenging. Everyday demands, demeanour and how they view life. In doing so, this in pressure and stress can add to negative emotions and turn will have a positive ‘domino effect’ on their circle of therefore cause undesirable ways of thinking, acting and friends and create a culture, focusing on thankfulness and outcomes for people. the bigger picture in their lives, rather than a self-focused Our emotions and moods can be a very powerful narrow view. determining factor in producing productive or unproductive outcomes. Positive emotions and moods help us think more Help them learn from mistakes creatively, think more laterally and be open to new ideas. Everyone makes mistakes and what we teach our children about mistakes can have a huge impact on how they view Helping your child to manage their emotions can assist success and failure as adults. Mistakes are just opportunities

HOW TO ADJUST them to be resilient, respond effectively in stressful to learn and improve, nothing more, nothing less. They situations, handle criticism from others, adapt to changing should never be viewed as good or bad or connected surroundings and or circumstances and a host of other to someone’s self-worth. Mistakes should also be talked things. about in a positive light as this will also assist in broadening insights into learning. Help them respond effectively to criticism When we are criticised sometimes we can adopt a ‘defensive’ response- sometimes even unconsciously. Asking further questions when criticised can start helpful conversations, which will further help to understand what is being said, thus steering the situation away from an unpleasant outcome, rather than just responding with a flight or fight response. In addition, as we know, not all criticism is constructive, so a key to growth is to separate the useful feedback from trusted people in our lives from untrustworthy sources. Eat well, sleep and exercise Adopt a ‘reactive technique’ Much research has proven that eating and sleeping Strong emotions have the ability to narrow our thinking well, then adding to this mix a good dose of exercise, is and can be very limiting to our perception about situations. a proactive technique that can really enhance positive When children are angry, fearful or frustrated, etc. they emotions and moods. Studies have shown that when we do not always think clearly and can later regret how they don’t get enough sleep, negative moods such as anger, responded in a situation. frustration, etc. increase. In addition, lack of good nutrition and no physical activity can have detrimental effects on Whenever possible teach your child to put time between a mental health and therefore the benefits should never be stressful event before responding. During this ‘down time’ underestimated. talk about what caused the event, how it made them feel, what the desired outcome would be, things that could have Helping your child to manage their emotions starts with been done differently and positive steps to take to achieve support, encouragement and giving them manageable the desired outcome. ways to understand what they are feeling. Emotions should not ever be viewed as bad, therefore by paying attention Highlight the positive and acknowledging their emotions and moods, we can help them understand and accept what they are feeling and By talking to your child and highlighting the positive events giving them strategies to positively enhance them. that occur in their lives or talking about interesting people,

34 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY What your kid’s preschool teacher wants you to know

By Eleanor Miller

Three teachers open about about what really happens after you leave.

Why isn’t he learning to read? Why do the staff let her get Mess is good paint all over her sleeve? Why does he get so upset each morning? The preschool (or kindy) year can be a tough We actually want your kid to come home grubby and one for families to adjust to, especially when parental messed up from preschool because children learn lots of expectations don’t quite line up with what happens in fine and gross motor skills through messy play (with things modern preschool settings. Under the guise of anonymity, like paint, mud, water and sand). Be assured the fashion we asked three trained and experienced preschool teachers stakes at preschool are low. to tell us what they wish they could tell parents and caregivers. Here’s what they came up with. We’re not always there to help When we see your child struggle to undo their jumper, or Your child stops crying as soon as you leave to open his/her lunchbox, we’re not going to rush in to help We know it seems hard to believe when you leave your them. We want them to at least have the chance to persist child in a flood of tears each morning, then see them run with and master the tricky task. The more independent your into your arms as soon as you walk through the door at child is when school starts, the better. Gold stars to the pick-up. But we are not lying when we tell you he/she is fine parents and caregivers who get their kids to carry, pack and the minute you leave the room. The morning waterworks unpack their own bags too. and afternoon hug are a sure sign your child has a healthy HOW TO ADJUST attachment to you (which is good). They can also become We totally check out your child’s lunch box a habit. Tears don’t mean your child is not happy or not And yes- we’re a little bit judgey. Please just pack healthy coping with preschool. If they seem genuinely upset and food already- we don’t want to be responsible for 30-odd unsettled for a longer part of the day we will talk to you kids who are all jacked up on sugar. It’s also unfair when about it. your child has cakes and chocolate and the next kid is stuck with boiled eggs and yoghurt (actually much better The three Rs (reading writing and choices). arithmetic) are not our priority You don’t need to invite the whole class Some kids might learn to write their names and some letters of the alphabet in preschool, others won’t – and Lots of parents and caregivers get a bit anxious around that’s okay. Preschool is essentially about learning the the whole party invite situation. So just putting it out there skills that will make your child school-ready. So that means that it’s fine to limit the invites to just a few. If you can making friends, dealing with emotions, understanding consider inviting the child who doesn’t quite seem to fit in what it means to sit on the mat and contribute to a group that would be lovely- there’s probably a lot going on with discussion, and listening to (and following) instructions. that child that we can’t divulge and he/she might not get as Sure, if your kid shows a particular interest in reading, many invites as everyone else. When it comes to handing writing or doing sums, we are happy to devise some out the actual invitations, perhaps give them to us teachers activities to help them develop these passions. But we so we can put them into the relevant children’s bags with certainly won’t be sitting the class at little desks, writing out discretion. the alphabet like it’s 1859. We know if you’re dumping your sick child It’s not “just play” Don’t think you’re fooling us with the super quick drop- Okay – we know that some parents and caregivers walk off of your glassy-eyed, rosy cheeked child. We will be into preschool and junior primary classes and wonder why checking their temperature every 10 minutes, until the the kids are “just playing” with everything from playdo to Panadol you’ve dosed him/her up on has worn off and the craft stuff, jigsaws and blocks. We’ve even had parents fever returns… then we’ll be calling you to come and collect. and caregivers outright ask us why their children aren’t “working”. Be assured the activities we have set up have We care been carefully chosen for their educational value. At the We will look after your child - promise. We make an effort playdo station, for example, you learn fine motor control to get to know every child. Of course, we will never know (necessary for later holding a pen), you can compare them as well as you do, but be assured we genuinely care shapes and sizes (early maths concepts) and you also need about them - that’s why we do this job. to learn to cooperate and share with those around you. The value of play-based learning is backed by stacks of international educational research. Google it.

35 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Daycare drop-off regression: Is it a thing?

Your child toddles happily off to daycare for months, then suddenly it’s tears and tantrums all over again. What’s the deal?

“My kids usually go through it coming back after the Christmas break, or when they’re starting new days or a different routine,” she explains. Change is tough, and often a catalyst for daycare drama I spoke to a number of parents and caregivers whose formerly happy children had experienced periods of separation anxiety going off to daycare. The common denominator seems to be that when something is changing in a child’s life - be it dropping a nap, the arrival of a new sibling or a change in routine - suddenly going off to daycare is more fraught.

Child psychologist Dr Sasha Lynn says that

HOW TO ADJUST regressions are not only common in kids going through changes, but can be a sign that they are developing and growing.

“Children can definitely regress in behaviours and emotions at different ages and stages, particularly as their awareness of the world My friend has a problem with daycare. Specifically, her son around them grows, and their understanding has a problem with it - he screams the place down every of separation and change grows,” she told Kidspot. time she has to leave. While many parents and caregivers “Children are processing at a concrete level for the most would be nodding their heads in commiseration at this part- what you see is what you get. When they start to point, the odd thing about my friend’s situation is that it see more of what’s around them, they can react, often in a hasn’t always been this way - far from it. behavioural manner, as they are still learning to understand feelings and worries. Sometimes changes at home- or the “Henry has always been so happy going off to daycare,” she introduction of a new sibling, can also lead to regression at explains, “except for the past few months. Every time I need daycare.” to leave, it’s a huge drama.” As it turns out, she’s not alone How can parents and caregivers help? So what should you do if you find yourself in a situation “We held back my eldest and he started school at five and a where your little one suddenly hates going off to daycare half for this very reason,” says Claire, a mother-of-three. each morning? “He would wake up in the mornings and ask ‘is it school “Parents and caregivers can work with carers if they ever today?’ then he would then sob uncontrollably when I feel concerned,” says Nina, a former childcare worker, “no told him it was. This all started when he decided he didn’t one minds putting extra time into making sure kids and like writing and they started doing the school prep and parents and caregivers feel secure and content. Sit down teaching him to write his name. with the room leader and come up with some strategies “Getting up and getting ready for work while your five- that might ease separation anxiety. And don’t hang around year-old cried at the prospect of going to daycare, then for hours,” she adds, “it only makes it worse.” having to drag him along, while the three-year-old happily It can also be valuable to look deeper into what the change followed was such a heartbreaking time for our whole might be that your child is reacting to. If nothing has family. I was so relieved when he started school and was changed on the home front, could they be learning a new happy to go without any tears. Suddenly holding him back skill or making a new developmental leap? was all worth it to see him walk off with confidence while the other kids fell apart around us.” Ultimately, the most useful tool parents and caregivers can implement is consistency, along with a daily reminder to Melissa, a Sydney mother of two, has also experienced the yourself that - as with all phases in child development - this dreaded daycare regression. too shall pass.

36 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Five ways to tell if your child is thriving in childcare

By Maryanne Sayers

How to tell if your child is learning, growing, making new friends, and feeling safe, secure and happy.

Ask any parent what their greatest wish is when they Connections to educators and/or other hand over their most precious little person into the care of another, and they will tell you ‘I want them to be safe and children happy’. But how can you tell your child is getting what they Children who are thriving at childcare have connections – to need from the experience and thriving in childcare? educators and to other children. If your child is able to tell you about a special someone – be that another child, an “When care is being given by an early childhood education educator, or even a special classroom pet – it’s a sign they service, parents and caregivers will often tell us ‘I want are feeling safe and secure in their care environment, and them to learn and grow, to make new friends, to have fun … they are forming relationships and bonds which tell them and maybe to miss me, just a little’,” says childcare expert that this is a place of safety and belonging. and Community Kids Childcare & Early Education Centres Operations Manager, Freya Lucas. Retaining new knowledge “As someone who is blessed enough to help care for these Has your child ever started singing or humming a song you precious little people, day in and day out,I am happy to say, haven’t heard, or repeating a phrase such as “squirt some they do miss you, they talk about you with such fondness, soap and rub it in, don’t forget to count to 10?” This is a and love to greet you with the biggest of smiles and hugs sure sign that they are feeling safe and secure in childcare HOW TO ADJUST when you return at the end of your busy day.” – after all, how much can you retain if you’re not feeling happy in your environment? Ms Lucas says there are particular things children do to indicate that they are learning and growing, making new friends, and feel safe, secure and happy. Engage with your child If your child is old enough to communicate verbally, there Here are the five ways to know your child is not only are some great conversation starters you can use with surviving, but thriving, in childcare: them, such as “I had grapes for my morning tea today, what did you have?” or “tell me something which made you smile A smile in the morning today”. These open the communication doors, and will give When your child is excited about getting ready to go to you a chance to engage with your child about how they are care, and happily completes their morning routine, getting feeling in childcare. If they are happy to talk about their day, ready to leave home, gathering the things they need for it’s a great sign. their day. A ‘case of the Mondays’ is normal if they’ve had a late night, or if there has been a disruption to their normal Content to continue playing routine, but on balance, happy faces are a good sign. Finally, when you come to collect your child at the end of the day, they will of course be happy to see you – but should also be engaged, and happy to keep playing, even though it is time to go home.

“Of course, every child is different, growing, learning, and developing at different rates. Just like the rest of us, children have preferences about the people they connect with, and the things they like to do,” says Ms Lucas.

“But you can also be sure about what’s going on at childcare by talking to the educators about your child’s experience. A sign of a great childcare service is one that is always ready to talk with you about your child’s progress, and how they are settling in to the care.”

37 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY ‘Childcare helps me parent my kids’ By Donné Restom

HOW TO ADJUST This working mum has found a brilliant way to shelve the guilt about sending her kids to daycare.

When I went back to work after having my first baby, I was it’s pointless and it gets stuck in the carpet, no matter plagued with guilt at having to put my son in childcare. I’d how careful you are. BUT... I know kids love it, which is why count the hours I was away from him, cursing myself for they have a play dough table at my kids daycare, so my letting someone else spend so much time raising my child. kids don’t miss out. Childcare also gets my kids painting And even though my son seemed to love daycare, I found it regularly, another activity I loathe. See? My kids get the fun hard to accept that childcare was such a big part of his life. and I get none of the headache! Result! But as the years have passed by, I’ve shelved the guilt about Childcare is all about the village sending my kids to daycare. I used to worry that sending my kids to childcare was I’ve realised that sending my kids to daycare not only keeps offloading my parenting responsibilities, but now I see it as them safe for me while I’m at work, but it helps me parent a way of extending my village. We’ve all heard that it takes them. As a result, I no longer feel like I’m doing an inferior a village to raise a child, but most of us are separated from job as a mum and have embraced the parent I am. family and expected to get on with the child rearing with only a parenting book and Google for company. It’s BS. But Here’s how childcare has helped me: find yourself a good quality childcare, with staff that are happy to support your kid AND your parenting journey, and It’s okay not to be great at all the parenting you have your village right there. things I’ve long since accepted my parenting weaknesses - there Good childcare means everyone is happier are some things that I’m simply no good at, and therefore Let’s face it: most of us are overstretched and are no fun for me or my kids. But childcare offers these overwhelmed, which means we’re never feeling up to activities to my kids on a regular basis, so I’m off the hook scratch at home with our kids. I for one, am sick of feeling when it comes to craft and baking, which they can enjoy at ‘not good enough’ and am more than ready to let my daycare to their hearts’ content. I’m done with pressuring childcare take some of the load. After all, I do pay them myself to be all things for my children. I figure I’m better off very good money for it. The upshot of this is that my kids accepting the things I suck at and getting on with the stuff are happy because they get to do all the things that kids I’m good at. should do, plus they hang out with other kids their age. Meanwhile, I get to parent in my ‘good enough’ zone, It’s okay to not like some of the parenting without the headache and pressure to be the things I’m not. things The outcome? We’re all happier for it. Further to the above, I no longer care about trying to do the parenting things I’m supposed to do, but passionately hate. For example, play dough. F**k play dough. It’s messy,

38 ULTIMATE SLEEP GUIDE BROUGHT TO YOU BY Ready for Childcare Navigating finances Childcare fees explained

By Pilar Mitchell

Childcare fees in Australia vary widely. Costs aren’t • hourly rate cap based on the type of childcare you use regulated by the government, so fees can vary by provider, state and type of care. • the hours of activity you and your partner do

Costs are also affected by the service provided. A more Families earning below $69,390 receive 85 percent subsidy, expensive childcare will supply nappies, breakfast, morning while those earning between $69,391 and $174,390 receive and afternoon tea, and lunch. Another service may charge between 85 percent and 50 percent. lower fees, but families will have to bring their own nappies Families earning up to $253,680 get 50 percent. Those NAVIGATING FINANCES and pack lunch. earning between $253,681 and $343,680 receive 50 to 20 Here’s what to expect when you enrol your child. percent. The final bracket is 20 percent for those earning under $353,680. Households earning more receive no How much does childcare cost? rebate. In June 2019, the government’s quarterly Childcare in To ensure you’re not overpaid, Centrelink withholds 5 Australia report found that the average cost was $10 per percent of the subsidy until you confirm your income by hour for long daycare and $10.30 for family daycare. For a filing your taxes. centre open for 12 hours, that’s around $120 per day. Rate caps and activity A 2017 survey by Care For Kids found that long daycare was on average the most expensive type of care. Centres CCS will cover a percentage of childcare costs based were charging between $70 and $188 per day, while on your income, but only up to an hourly rate cap. For preschools operating shorter hours charged between $45 example, the cap for a long daycare is $12.20. If the centre is and $80 a day. open for 10 hours a day, the daily cap is $122. If your centre charges $150 per day, you’ll receive a rebate on the $122, When selecting a childcare, ask about fees to compare and pay a $28 gap. prices. To receive CCS, you and your partner must do one of these Child Care Subsidy explained activities: Child Care Subsidy (CCS) is a fee rebate for families paid • paid work directly to providers to reduce your fortnightly payments. • paid or unpaid leave It’s available for families who: • unpaid work for family business • care for a child under 13 not attending secondary school • work experience or internship • use an approved childcare service like centre-based • setting up a business daycare, family daycare • study, training Children must meet the residency and immunisation requirements to be subsidised. • looking for work

CCS is calculated as a percentage rebate of the fees paid. • volunteering How much you get depends on family income, the type of childcare, your child’s age and your hours of activity. The number of hours you engage in those activities determines how many hours of subsidised care you’ll get.

CCS eligibility amount If you do less than 8 hours a fortnight, you’ll get 0 hours of CCS is dependent on: subsidised care and no CCS. If you do between 16 and 48, you get 72 hours a fortnight. • family income

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