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5. Building the Public Transport Indicator

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5. Building the Public Transport Indicator UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG Department of Earth Sciences Geovetarcentrum/Earth Science Centre Choice of transportation mode for non-work related trips in relation to public transport supply in rural Kungsbacka municipality Development of Public Transport Indicator Natalia Kuska ISSN 1400-3821 B799 Master of Science (120 credits) thesis Göteborg 2014 Mailing address Address Telephone Telefax Geovetarcentrum Geovetarcentrum Geovetarcentrum 031-786 19 56 031-786 19 86 Göteborg University S 405 30 Göteborg Guldhedsgatan 5A S-405 30 Göteborg SWEDEN Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to sincerely thank my supervisors, Dr Anders Larsson, senior lecturer at department of Human Geography and Dr Fredrik Lindberg, researcher at department of Earth Science at University of Gothenburg and Mr Staffan Sandberg, traffic and urban planner in Ramböll, for their guidance and interesting ideas. I would like to express my gratitude to Mr Per Kristersson, senior planner in Göteborg Region, for fruitful discussions during the thesis writing. I own a deep of gratitude to Mr Anders Sjöholm, traffic planner in Ramböll, for inestimable assistance with Sampers model and to Johan Svensson, urban and traffic planner in Ramböll, for valuable hints and data sharing. Moreover, I would like to thank Kungsbacka municipality for providing me with full access to travel survey for Kungsbacka municipality. Finally I am grateful to Alexander Hellervik and Lars I Johansson from Trafikverket for sharing data and their knowledge. Natalia Kuska Göteborg, 07.02.2014 Abstract Due to the need of climate change mitigation switching transport from car oriented to more sustainable transport modes, such as public transport (PT), is of particular importance. In order to achieve this goal development of PT systems must be accompanied with sustainable spatial planning and change of attitude. Understanding of travel demand is a key issue for making decision regarding sustainable transportation and spatial planning. This thesis attempts to contribute to this effort by examining the capability of PT system and travel demand. The aim of this thesis is to find out how strong is the correlation between PT supply and choice of transport mode for other than work, business and school related trips (non-work trips). The analysis is performed for Kungsbacka municipality on “Sams area” level. Public transportation supply is reflected by Public Transport Indicator (PTI) developed for the need of this thesis. PTI aims to show the differences between public transport supplying from passengers´ point of view. PTI is built based on four service measures: service coverage, travel time difference by car and PT, frequency and hours of service. The data about modal split of non-work trips was obtained by analyzing Kungsbacka travel survey and by use of Sampers-Swedish National Transportation Model. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION, AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................ 1 2. STUDY AREA.......................................................................................................................................... 3 3. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 5 3.1. FACTORS INFLUENCING TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE ................................................................... 5 3.2. PUBLIC TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE MEASURES ......................................................................... 7 3.2.1. Differences between various performance measures .......................................................... 8 3.2.2. Description of service measures ........................................................................................... 9 3.2.3. Review of available methods .............................................................................................. 12 3.2.4. Summary of available methods of transit performance measures .................................... 20 3.3. PUBLIC TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN RURAL AREAS ............................................ 21 4. METHODOLOGY AND DATA ............................................................................................................... 23 4.1. LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT-ZONES ............................................................................................... 23 4.2. PERCENTAGE OF NON-WORK TRIPS BY PT-KUNGSBACKA TRAVEL SURVEY ............................... 25 4.3. PERCENTAGE OF NON-WORK TRIPS BY PT-SAMPERS MODEL .................................................... 27 4.4. PUBLIC TRANSPORT INDICATOR ................................................................................................. 29 4.4.1. Service coverage ................................................................................................................. 30 4.4.2. Travel time difference by car and public transport ............................................................ 31 4.4.3. Frequency ............................................................................................................................ 32 4.4.4. Hours of service .................................................................................................................. 33 4.4.5. Public Transport Indicator´s calculation ............................................................................. 33 5. BUILDING PUBLIC TRANSPORT INDICATOR ....................................................................................... 35 6. THE CONTEXT OF THE CASE STUDY AREA .......................................................................................... 41 6.1. REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANS ......................................................................................... 41 6.2. TRAVEL BEHAVIOR IN THE STUDY AREA ..................................................................................... 41 7. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 44 7.1. PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEMAND FOR NON-WORK TRIPS IN KUNGSBACKA MUNICIPALITY .......... 44 7.1.1. Distribution of different transport modes for different non-work purposes ..................... 47 7.1.2. Comparison of modal split of non-work trips to work trips ............................................... 47 7.2. SAMPERS VS. TRAVEL SURVEY .................................................................................................... 48 7.3. PUBLIC TRANSPORT SUPPLY-PTI ................................................................................................. 49 7.4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND CHOICE OF TRANSPORT MODE ... 52 8. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................... 54 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 56 APPENDIX 1 – Travel time to Kungsbacka city center and Göteborg city center by car and PT-maps ....... 62 APPENDIX 2 – Results of service mesures and PTI ...................................................................................... 66 APPENDIX 3 – Sampers model .................................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX 4 – Travel survey diary ............................................................................................................... 77 List of figures Figure 2.1: Location of study area-Kungsbacka municipality ....................................................................... 4 Figure 3.1: Tranit performance measures categories and examples (Kittelson, 2003 b) ............................. 9 Figure 3.2: Transit trip decision making process, transport availability ..................................................... 16 Figure 4.1: General flow chart of thesis methodology ................................................................................ 23 Figure 4.2: Population in Kungsbacka municipality and arrangement of zones ........................................ 24 Figure 5.1: Service coverage-400m. Number of residential buildings within 400 m from stations. Weekdays condition .................................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 5.2: Difference in travel time by car and public transport to Kungsbacka city .............................. 38 Figure 5.3: Difference in travel time by car and public transport to Göteborg city ................................... 39 Figure 6.1: Comparison of PT trips percentage for work and non-work purposes ..................................... 43 Figure 6.2: Comparison of private car trips percentage for work and non-work trips ............................... 43 Figure 7.1: Percentage of non-work trips by public transport in Kungsbacka municipality based on Sampers data .............................................................................................................................................. 45 Figure 7.2: Percentage of non-work trips by public transport in Kungsbacka municipality based on data from travel survey ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 7.3: Modal split for non-work trips, Kungsbacka travel survey ......................................................
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