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An Analysis of Artifacts and Archaeology at 8JE106, a Spanish Mission Site in Florida Alissa M

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An Analysis of Artifacts and Archaeology at 8JE106, a Spanish Mission Site in Florida Alissa M Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 An Analysis of Artifacts and Archaeology at 8JE106, a Spanish Mission Site in Florida Alissa M. Slade Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AN ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS AND ARCHAEOLOGY AT 8JE106, A SPANISH MISSION SITE IN FLORIDA By ALISSA M. SLADE A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2006 Copyright © 2006 Alissa M. Slade All Rights Reserved The Members of the Committee approve the thesis of Alissa M. Slade defended on November 7, 2006. _________________________ Rochelle Marrinan Professor Directing Thesis _________________________ Glen Doran Committee Member _________________________ Bruce Grindal Committee Member Approved: __________________________________________ Dean Falk, Chair, Department of Anthropology __________________________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To Momo iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my grandmother Alice Gray Webb Agee. Without her love and financial assistance, my college education could not have been realized. She was a woman with a fourth grade education, who had bigger dreams for her only grandchild. In 1999, at the age of 81, she spent her first night away from home in at least 30 years, to watch me receive a B.A in History from Troy State University. I wish that she could be present for my graduation from Florida State University, but I know that she will be there in spirit. This thesis is also dedicated to my grandfather, Jessie Gilder Agee, who passed away two months prior to my thesis defense at the age of 93. He too had little formal education, but he knew much about the earth, and I will always wish I had taken the time to learn more from him. I would like to thank my parents, Willis Slade and Marie Agee Slade for their encouragement and patience through the many years it has taken me to reach this point. Without their assistance, I would not be where I am today. Thanks also to my Uncle Joe Dodds, whom I will always admire. I would like to thank Dr. Rochelle Marrinan for her constant support during this process. She has continued to assist me, though the defense of this thesis occurred more than 7 years after my time at Florida State University began. I hope that this research will be a credit to her dedication to Spanish Mission Archaeology in Florida and will assist in future research and investigations. Also, I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Glen Doran, Dr. Bruce Grindal and Dr. Bonnie McEwan for their time and efforts toward reviewing this thesis, and also for understanding and working with my schedule during unforeseen live events. Thanks to Dr. David Dickel, who first taught me the particulars of collections management and assisted me in my task of identifying and cataloging artifacts for this thesis. Without Dr. Dickel’s assistance and keen knowledge of the collections in his care, the provenience card data for these artifacts would have gone unnoticed and unaddressed in this thesis. Thank you to Jim Dunbar for his assistance in identifying the lithic artifacts from the site. Also, thanks to Jamie Levy for his assistance in identifying unusual metal items, both historic and modern. Both of these men are credits to their field and to the State of Florida. iv Thank you to Dr. Lee Newsom, who took time from busy schedule to assist in the analysis of wood samples collected at the site. Her dedication of time to a needy graduate student is greatly appreciated. Finally, I would like to thank B. Calvin Jones, who excavated the materials from site 8JE106. Without his unique understanding of archaeology and innate ability to seek out and discover Spanish Mission sites in Florida, this thesis topic could not have been undertaken. I never had the privilege to meet Mr. Jones, but after working with the artifacts he excavated and seeing his influences on and contributions to Florida Archaeology, we are forever in his debt. I first got to know Calvin Jones’ work in March 2000 as an Artifact Technician with the Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research (BAR), assisting my then supervisor, David Dickel to organize artifacts that were left in Jones’ office upon his passing on February 15, 1998. The unusual items found there and the stories I have heard since that time truly portray Jones as a Florida legend. The following paragraph is taken from the Florida Department of State website and best explains why Jones was chosen as a Great Floridian. B. Calvin Jones was born October 31, 1938 in Longview Texas. He received his B.A. and M.A. degrees in anthropology from the University of Oklahoma. In 1968 he became an archaeologist with the State of Florida. In 1987, he discovered and excavated the 1539-40 deSoto winter encampment site located in Tallahassee, the first identified site for that expedition. Governor Bob Graham and his cabinet commended and thanked Jones for his efforts, in May 1987. On May 17, 1990, he was recognized by a Florida Senate Resolution for the discovery and excavation of nine Spanish mission sites in Leon and Jefferson Counties, and for his work at the Lake Jackson Mounds site. His Lake Jackson Mounds research resulted in the site’s recognition of one of the most important Native American sites in the Southeastern United States dating from the period 1000-1400. B. Calvin Jones died February 15, 1998. His Great Floridian plaque is located adjacent to the Governor Martin House, 1022 De Soto Park Drive, Tallahassee (DOS 2006). v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables...………………………………………………………………..……………. ix List of Figures..………………………………………………………………...…………… x Abstract..……………………………………………………………………..….………….. xii INTRODUCTION..…………………………………………………………………………. 1 I. AN INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH MISSIONS IN LA FLORIDA ………........ 5 a. Timucua Indian Province……………………………………………………….7 b. Apalachee Indian Province…………………………………………………….. 9 c. Spanish Conflicts with the English..…………………………………………... 10 d. Finding Spanish Mission Sites – The Archaeological Record..……………….. 10 e. Documentary Evidence of San Miguel de Asile..……………………............... 12 f. The Location of San Miguel de Asile – Historical Evidence………..………… 15 g. Confirming the Discovery of a Spanish Mission Site at 8JE106…..………….. 17 h. Is Asile One of the Missions Destroyed by the English in 1704?..……………. 19 II. BACKGROUND ON SITE 8JE206………………………………………………. 21 a. Location and description of 8JE106..………………………………………….. 21 b. Available Data on 8JE106……………………………………………………... 25 c. Site Characteristics..…………………………………………………………… 29 d. Previous Investigations...………………………………………………………. 29 e. 1972 Site Investigations..……………………………………………………….31 f. Site Provenience..……………………………………………………………… 35 g. Topographic Data.. ……………………………………………………………. 41 III. MISSION STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON………………….. 42 a. The Florida Mission Model……………………………………………………. 42 b. Fig Springs Mission (8CO1) Timucua………………………………………… 43 c. The Southwestern Mission Model……………………………………………... 45 d. Mission Structure Sizes………………………………………………………... 46 i. Structure 1 at 8JE106………………………………………………….. 46 e. Mission Complex Construction Materials……………………………………... 48 f. Building Orientation…………………………………………………………… 51 g. Burial Orientation……………………………………………………………… 51 i. Burials at 8JE106……………………………………………………… 51 ii. Burials as an Indicator of Altar Location……………………………... 52 h. Architectural Comparisons - San Juan de Aspalaga (8JE1), Apalachee………. 52 i. Structural Conclusions………………………………………………………… 54 vi IV. ARTIFACT ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………56 a. Previous Study of Materials…………………………………………………… 56 b. Methods of Analysis…………………………………………………………… 56 c. Aboriginal Material Culture…………………………………………………… 57 i. Aboriginal Ceramics………………………………………………….. 57 1. Aboriginal Ceramic Typology……………………………….. 59 2. Aboriginal Ceramic Sorting………………………………….. 63 3. Aboriginal Ceramic Body Sherds…………………………….. 63 ii. Stone Artifacts………………………………………………………… 67 iii. Aboriginal Metals and Ceremonial Items……………………………... 69 iv. Shell Artifacts……………………………............................................. 69 d. European Derived Material Culture…………………………………………… 70 i. Olive Jar………………………………………………………………..70 ii. Majolica……………………………………………………………….. 72 1. Aucilla Polychrome…………………………………………... 74 2. Puebla Polychrome…………………………………………… 74 3. Abó Polychrome……………………………………………… 75 4. San Luis Polychrome ………………………………………... 75 5. Mount Royal Polychrome (vs. Aucilla Polychrome)..……….. 76 6. Puebla Blue on White..……………………………………….. 76 7. San Luis Blue on White..……………………………………... 76 8. Ichetucknee Blue on White..…………………………………. 77 9. Sevilla Blue on Blue (Ichetucknee Blue on Blue)..…………... 77 10. Caparra Blue on Blue..……………………………………….. 78 11. Untyped Polychrome Majolica……………………………….. 78 12. Untyped and Possible Majolica ……………………………... 79 13. Mean Ceramic Date…………………………………………...79 iii. Mission Wares ………………………………………………………. 80 1. Undecorated Colonoware…………………………………….. 80 2. Mission Red Filmed Colonoware.…………………………… 82 iv. European Architectural Elements..…………………………………… 83 1. Metals..………………………………………………………. 83 2. Burnt Clay..…………………………………………………... 86 3. Wood Samples………………………………………………... 87 v. European Religious Items...…………………………………………… 87 e.
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