MILITARY OPERATIONS IN WAZIRISTAN: PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS IN PAKISTAN ON TERRA

Mirza Jan1, Sajjad Ahmed Paracha2, Muhammad Anwar3 & Muhammad Imran1 1Ddepartment of Mass Communication, Gomal University, D.I.Khan (KPK) Pakistan 2 Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan 3 TESCO, Wapda House Peshawar

ABSTRACT This empirical study examines the military operation launched by the Government of Pakistan in Waziristan. It will discuss the wide range causes and effects of the military operation. This study discusses the phenomena of military operation in Waziristan and the Taliban targeting US-led forces. This survey reveals the Public opinion regarding drone attacks of NATO forces. This explanatory study reviews the mastermind behind the terra acts and financial support. This study also synthesis the categorical opinion of the tribal flees from their native villages. ______

INTRODUCTION

The study is exploratory in nature. This in Afghanistan. Since the fighting began, paper specifically explores the public the Pakistani forces have suffered heavy perception of the migrated and innocent casualties at the hands of the Taliban people from South Waziristan to other militia due to roadside bombs and parts of the country (Pakistan). World ambushes. think tank is of the opinion that The military Operation Rah e Nijat (path Waziristan is a paradise for Taliban. to deliverance) is the latest attempt of Pakistan was stressed that the Taliban Pakistan army to inflict final blows to should be eliminated from this part of the Tehrik- i- Taliban in the world. The ongoing fighting began in Pakistan. Waziristan's new landmarks 2004, when the Pakistan Army entered speak eloquently of the intensity of the the region inhabited by the Waziri tribe conflict that still rages between Taleban in search of al Qaeda and Taliban and al-Qaeda militants and the Pakistani fighters who were using the Waziristan security forces. On 19th of June Pak area as a base for launching deadly army started the gathering of forces attacks against the US-led Allied forces on the border of South Waziristan. After Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 94 three months of blockade and minor and, having cleared and consolidated the skirmishes with the Taliban eventually three major approaches to the area, the the army launched a full scale ground final battle will then be fought for the assault on the 19th of October 2009. The capture of Sararogha, the Taliban strong- Pakistan army has a total of 28000 point. Once could also assume that the troops and 500 special commandos on operation will continue as the popular their side while the Taliban have 10 to will is in favor of the military action 15,000 troops and 1500 foreign fighters. (Masood, 2009). Taliban is not a new The fighting is intense and arduous and phenomenon. It is a rebound of Russian each day brings reports of the Pakistan invasion. They have been used as army inching forward another few steps bullfighters. The fighters are the deep into a very difficult and dangerous Pakistan and America. Former President terrain (Global Voices Online, 2009) Pervez Musharraf has played the role of Threat to the U.S. Homeland,” asserted a sponsor while Bush was presented as a forthrightly that al- Qaeda “has protected pious villain and playboy by the western or regenerated key elements of its media. Musharraf’s yes to war on terror homeland attack capability, including: a is still a question mark (Rajat, 2007). safe haven in the Pakistan Federally The conflict began in 2004 as a result Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan's search for Al Qaeda members operational lieutenants, and its top in the mountainous Waziristan region as leadership” (Muhammad, 2004). part of the War on Terror. Militant tribes The Pakistan army is conducting who had ruled the area under a de facto Advance-to-Contact operations on three autonomy interpreted the searches as a axes: violation of their territorial claim and • East: Jandola-Kotkai-Sararogha responded with force. The US war on axis. terrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan • South-West: Wana-Shakai axis has created many problems for the • North: Razmak-Makeen- investment community in the region, but Sararogha axis. the US could nothing gain; the people of The three advancing columns should Afghanistan and Pakistan have now eventually link up around Sararogha, filled many difficulties in the American

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 95 forces and their so-called operation Public Perceptions in Pakistan on Terra”. against terrorism (Khan, 2003)". Significance of the Study Waziristan is America’s new front line in the war against the Taliban. The last People of Waziristan deserve to have British officer to have served there, now war. They have totally rejected our 81, tells it cannot be tamed by force constitution, because they reject the aloneFew places on earth are as remote values which Pakistan was founded and hostile as Waziristan, part of the upon, and because they are trying to Pakistani tribal belt that the Pentagon stuff a different legal system down the now sees as the new front line in the war throats of unwilling citizens. The on terror(Lamb, 2008). ongoing operation in FATA especially in South Waziristan has, understandably, Statistically speaking, the Pakistani caused heated debate in Pakistan as it security forces have lost more personnel raises issues of political morality and – almost three times more, since the military strategy. This is not the first operation was launched in 2004 – than time that the armed forces have taken the US has since 2001, in its ongoing upon themselves the task of weeding out war on terror in Afghanistan”( `anti-state elements`. Pakistan’s Mir,2004). historical context suggests that the Most of the tribesmen allegedly giving meddling of the armed forces in politics refuge to al-Qaeda and Taliban suspects and policing of the country hasn’t served and now fighting with them against the the country well. But fortunately or Pakistani army belong to the Wazir tribe. unfortunately the operation against the The tribesmen are traditional fighters militants is the dire need of the time. and learn the use of a gun at an early age in keeping with local traditions Objectives of the Study (Yusufzai, 2004). The main objectives of this opinion survey are as under: Statement of the Problem 1 To explore the origin of militants The problem of the study in hand is to activities and to whom Taliban explore the “Military Operations in fights Waziristan: 2 To know who are the Taliban

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 96

3 To understand the Public Attribution Theory (Heider, 1958) perception regarding drone Attribution Theory is a humanistic attacks of NATO forces theory. Attribution Theory attempts to 4 To see that who is mastermind explain causes of behavior. It attempts behind Taliban to explain the causes of people's Research Questions behavior and attributing or explaining 1. Does Taliban fighting for reasons as to why people behave the way financial benefits? they do. 2. Why Taliban targeting Pakistani entities? Theory of Terrorism Theoretical Underpinning of Opinion More than one criminologist has pointed The theoretical framework presented out that the disciplines of theology, here guides and structures this study. It religion, and philosophy have had has set the foundation of the theory of important things to say about terrorism the “Military Operations in Waziristan: (Stitt 2003; Kraemer 2004). It is also a Public Perceptions in Pakistan on Terra”. fact that about a quarter of all terrorist The framework of this study has its roots groups and about half of the most in three communication theories: public dangerous ones on earth are primarily opinion, Attribution Theory, and Theory motivated by religious concerns of Terrorism. (Hoffman 1993). They believe that God not only approves of their action, but Public Opinion Theory that God demands their action. Their Public opinion is the aggregate of cause is sacred, and consists of a individual attitudes or beliefs held by the combined sense of hope for the future adult population. Yet conflict situations and vengeance for the past. Of these present their own challenges, and the two components, the backward-looking traditional tools of public opinion desire for vengeance may be the more research cannot simply be imported important trigger for terrorism because (Irwin C 2001). the forward-looking component (called apocalyptic thinking or eschatology)

produces wild-eyed fanatics who are

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 97 more a danger to themselves and their sensation and perception are virtually own people. impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process. Main Concepts Assumptions 1. Military Operation 2. Public perception on terra • Our common-sense Perception is the process by which understanding of militancy. • Our common-sense organisms interpret and organize understanding of belief may be useful predictions sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. Sensation Theoretical frameworks are also usually refers to the immediate, important in exploratory studies, where relatively unprocessed result of you really don’t know much about what stimulation of sensory receptors in the is going on, and are trying to learn more. eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin. A conceptual framework is a concise Perception, on the other hand, better description of the major variables describes one's ultimate experience of operating within the arena of the the world and typically involves further problem to be pursued. Following are processing of sensory input. In practice, some independent variables:

Military Operation in Waziristan

______

Tiarza Makin Sararogha Sarvakai Ladha

Main Junctions of Operation

Sararogha----Kotkai----Janataa----Ladha----Makin----Baddar----Tiarza----Chagmalai

This theoretical framework refers to the “Military Operations in Waziristan: major theories/ models upon which Public Perceptions in Pakistan on Terra”

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 98 is based. It is; of course, a deductive fighting broke out at Azam Warsak, near inquiry tends to test established model/ the South Waziristan town of Wana, theory. Deductive studies tend to be between Pakistani troops and an quantitative and look to see whether or estimated 400 militants holed up in not a prominent model/theory explains a several fortified settlements. It was given set of phenomena. speculated that bin Laden's deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri was among those The assumption of the public perception trapped by the Pakistani Army. is based on aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some Pakistan needed weapons for its army portion of adults. Public opinion is made and Britain wanted the army to protect known in a democracy by voting and its interests; a decision, which pushed us responding to polls, as well as into becoming a rentier state. In participating in protests and lobbying by hindsight, it appears that the faith in interest groups. There are very few proxy warriors has turned out to be a issues on which most Americans agree. significant reason for making Pakistan a When a large proportion of the public dangerous place to live and pushing it does appear to hold the same view on an further towards the abyss of state failure issue, a consensus exists. If opinion is (Rashid: 2000). polarized between two quite different Creveld (207) predicts that combat in positions, divisive opinion exists. The low intensity conflict causes regular operational framework of the study forces to degenerate into a police force reflects the collective attitude of tribal of and if the struggle lasts longer, then into South Waziristan. How they behave armed gangs. It is unavoidable that in the towards the fighting and the situation of struggle in Waziristan and Afghanistan, insurgency in Pakistan. the advantages available to Pakistan, Literature Review NATO and the United States through

The Pakistani government sent their strategic respective armies is thousands of troops into the region in neutralized.

2002 to hunt for bin Laden and other al- Apparently, the rules governing this war Qaeda fugitives. In March 2004, heavy are different and citizens are combatants

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 99 in this battle of conviction. The Talibans we bury you under a carpet of bombs” feel that the US forces are “Kafir” or (Behan,2207) non-Muslims, who must be removed The Waziristan Taliban movement is from Afghanistan through Jihad. The now fighting against the Pakistani and Pakistan army and Gen. Musharraf are the U.S forces. The Taliban are a serious identified by the Talibans as comprador embarrassment for the national pride of of the US and to be dealt with under the Pakistan. The founding fathers of doctrine of “Takfir”. The existence of Pakistan used the Islamic rhetoric for the such an ambivalent situation, where on raising of the Pakistani “Muslim nation” the one hand, the Pakistan government is at its infancy phase of state building, but fighting the Taliban and on the other now the same rhetoric has transformed hand it permits the functioning of the itself under the Taliban regime into a religious alliance governments in NWFP battering rum which is challenging the and Baluchistan with close links to the endurance of the state walls of Pakistan: Taliban has puzzled many other political ill judged state policy based on analysts (Rubin, 2006). expediency has lead to unintended The confusion is providing both time consequences damaging the state and space for the creation of another (Behan, 2007). Hamas or Hizbullah in Waziristan and A group of hostile Taliban fighters Eastern Afghanistan in the near future. began collecting military conscripts in When that happens, Maulana Fazlur the Mahsud area of South Waziristan Rehman’s JUI (F) and its military wing and about four truck and busloads of Harkatul Ansar will be in the forefront to fully armed men began their journey capitalize on the mistakes of their rivals increasing in size as the convoy picked (Shahzad 2004). up Mujahadeens on the way. It entered The UK Guardian, reported that the area of Razmak in North Waziristan Christina Rocca told the Taliban in the and added more military conscripts in last pipeline negotiation in August 2001, strength, more than any number the just five weeks before 9/11, that, Pakistani army could register for the “Accept our offer of a carpet of gold, or

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 100 fulfillment of the military service (Daily ultimatum to hand over Mr. Bin Laden. Times). When it refused, the United States joined forces with rebel groups that had never The Taliban originated as a movement of accepted Taliban rule, notably the hard-line religious students in Northern Alliance, which represented Afghanistan and gained control of the minority tribes. An air and ground country in the mid-1990s. The country campaign began that drove the Taliban had been devastated, first by the brutal out of the major Afghan cities by the end war against the Soviet Union, and then of the year (John, 2007). in an even bloodier civil war that filled As the American military focus was the vacuum that followed the Soviet diverted to the invasion and occupation departure. In these circumstances, the of Iraq, the Taliban regrouped and began Taliban initially gained the support of to extend its influence in the southern some who would not have otherwise part of Afghanistan. The resurgence of been drawn to their extreme religious the opium trade helped fill the group's views. Additionally, the movement coffers. As the fighting continued, the originated in the country's southwest, ranks of the Taliban were bolstered by home to the nation's largest ethnic group, foreign recruits from Pakistan, the Pashtun (John, 2007). Uzbekistan, Chechnya, various Arab Once in power, the group imposed strict countries and perhaps Turkey and enforcement of fundamentalist Islamic western China. By late 2007, 5 to 10 law, banning movies, music and forcing percent of full-time Taliban fighters women out of schools and into all- were believed to be foreigners and enveloping burqa clothing. The Taliban foreign-born men had replaced mid-level also provided a haven for Osama bin and senior Taliban commanders who had Laden and his Al-Qaeda organization. been killed in combat (John, 2007). International condemnation of its harsh The roots of the TTP as an organization measures had little effect on the regime, began in 2002 when the Pakistani which seemed almost to welcome pariah military conducted incursions into the status. After attack on the World Trade tribal areas to originally combat foreign Center in New York on Sept. 11, 2001, (Arab and Central Asian) militants President Bush gave the Taliban an

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 101 fleeing from the War in Afghanistan Many of the TTP's leaders are veterans (2001-present) into Pakistan. (Bajoria, of the fighting in Afghanistan and have February 6, 2008). Abbas, (2004) article supported the fight against the NATO- by the BBC explains: led ISAF by providing soldiers, training,

Since the start of the operation, the and logistics (Siddiqa, 2011). The TTP [Pakistani] military authorities have differs in structure to the Afghan Taliban firmly established that a large number of in that it lacks a central command and is Uzbek, Chechen and Arab militants were a much looser coalition of various in the area. ... It was in July 2002 that militant groups, united by hostility to the Pakistani troops, for the first time in 55 central government in Islamabad (Shane, years, entered the Tirah Valley in 2009-10-22). Several analysts describe Khyber tribal agency. Soon they were in the TTP's structure as a loose network of Shawal valley of North Waziristan, and dispersed constituent groups that vary in later in South Waziristan. This was made size and in levels of coordination (Elias, possible after long negotiations with 2009). various tribes, who reluctantly agreed to The Pakistani government has been allow the military's presence on the conducting military operations in South assurance that it would bring in funds and North Waziristan since the and development work. But once the beginning of June. Their goal has been military action started in South to eliminate the country’s most wanted Waziristan a number of Waziri sub- terrorist, Beitullah Mehsud, and his tribes took it as an attempt to subjugate network.( Emal, 2009)Beitullah Mehsud them. Attempts to persuade them into has focused on attacking and handing over the foreign militants failed, destabilizing the Pakistani government and with an apparently mishandling by from the time he formed the Tehrik-e- the authorities, the security campaign Taliban Pakistan (TTP) – an umbrella against suspected al-Qaeda militants group of roughly thirteen Pakistani turned into an undeclared war between Taliban factions(BBC in December the Pakistani military and the rebel 2007). He justified targeting his fellow tribesmen(Fair,2011). Muslims and countrymen by accusing the Pakistani government of being an

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 102 apostate regime under the control of the group is eliminated forever”(CBS United States.(Al jazeera,2008). The News,2009). The U.S. military has motivation behind the attacks, which labeled Sirrajuddin Haqqani as the occurred in the Orakzai district of the greatest threat to security in eastern Federally Administered Tribal Areas on Afghanistan, and the State Department August 13, was likely two-fold (Abdul, earlier this year put a $5 million reward 2009). First, the military likely hoped to out for information leading to his death diminish the overall force levels of the or apprehension (Bill, 2009). The TTP. Second, Hakimullah Mehsud and Haqqani network operates a number of a commander named Wali-ur-Rehman religious and military training camps appear to be the top contenders to throughout Waziristan and relies heavily succeed Beitullah Mehsud as the head of upon foreign fighters to execute its the TTP. attacks in Afghanistan (Haqqani, 2009). Third, this strategy could generate a The Pakistani military could attempt to severe IDP situation for the Pakistani emulate the efforts of American forces government, similar, although on a targeting Haqqani strongholds on the smaller scale, to the situation in Swat Afghan side of the border (Tom, 2009). after the military’s clearing operations there led to more than two million 6. Hypotheses IDPs(Deutsche Welle, July 24, 2009). Hypothesis- Taliban are more likely 1 terrorists The U.N. estimates that 45,000 IDPs have already left South Waziristan, and Hypothesis- Al-Qaeda is the mastermind 2 behind the Taliban’s mission of it anticipates that a full-scale military militancy operation there could lead to the Hypothesis- Drone attacks is the main hitch displacement of up to 150,000 3 between US-Pak understanding of terra phenomena people(Dawn,2009). Nonetheless, a recent statement by the Pakistani Interior Hypothesis- War on terror in Waziristan is 4 perceived as the war of America Minister, Rehman Malik, suggests that the state will pursue one of these first Hypothesis- It is more likely that Pakistan is 5 not sincere in Taliban two military strategies: “[Operations] elimination will continue until Beitullah Mehsud's

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Methodology the study and also given them a The methodology used in this study is background of the phenomenon. exploratory and explanatory in nature for evaluating public perception regarding Analysis and Results the military action in Waziristan. This This section presents the inferential cross-sectional survey was conducted in statistics. For easy understanding I have Waziristan “Local Tribes” of Wazir and categorized the numerical information Mehsood. The research method involve according to the nature of the question data gathering through Closed-ended asked from the tribal. questionnaire of multiple choices (check Two way analysis of variance and x2 a box rather than filling in a line) from test is applied (ANOVA allows us to the target area of Waziristan. This compare multiple groups on multiple method has been chosen in order to test independent variables and therefore can and validate study's hypotheses. look at both main and interaction effects within the data set) for treatment of Procedure/ Sampling techniques hypotheses testing to test the equality of All the four Tehsils (Sarvakai, responses from the respondents. It Sararogha, Teyaarza, Makin and, Ladha) assumes that the samples are normally were selected for the study. The sample distributed. Normality for a certain study was also consisted upon the local tribal is the pre assumption that all the in South Waziristan Agency. The sample collected information are as the size for the investigation was 100 Local researcher thought before conducting the Tribal. The convenient method of research. The hypotheses are stated in sampling has been adopted. For data descriptive terms in the light of gathering strata were made out of the statistical results that make it possible to total four Tehsils and through calculate the significant statistics of proportional ratio the numbers of acceptance or rejection of the respondents were selected. A face-to- hypothesis. Tables of analysis of face interview was scheduled with variance and Chi-Sq indicates as SS is respondents. They were oriented about the sum of squares (the variation), df the degrees of freedom, MS the mean square

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(the variance, which is SS/df), and F is forces. Pak-Afghan border has become a the F ratio (which is between MS cause of great concern for the United divided by within MS). States and US war on terrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan has created Table 1 Public perception about the war on terra in Pakistan many problems for the investment 2 Chi-squared (Χ ) 7×5 contingent table community in the region. The finding

X *SA *A *N *DA *SD further described the perception of tribal Pakistan is not sincere 30.93 32.02 3.81 19.75 13.49 in Taliban elimination that Taliban is the other side of ISI that Tribal provide shelter 31.54 32.66 3.89 20.15 13.76 to Taliban Pakistani forces have 30.93 32.02 3.81 19.75 13.49 North Waziristan is America’s new front suffered a lot Pak-Afghan border has 37.11 38.42 4.58 23.71 16.19 line in the war against the Taliban. This become a cause of great concern for the United States analysis supports the supposition that US war on terrorism in 31.54 32.66 3.89 20.15 13.76 Afghanistan and Operation against the militants is the dire Pakistan has created many problems for the investment community need of the time. in the region North Waziristan is 30.93 32.02 3.81 19.75 13.49 America’s new front line in the war against Basic objective behind the activity of the Taliban Operation against the 34.02 35.22 4.20 21.73 14.84 foreigners and local tribal militants is the dire need of the time *SA stands for “strongly agree”, *A for “agree” *N indicates “neutral”, *DA for Findings of analysis of variance found “disagree” and *SD for “strongly disagree”. that both foreigners and local tribal were Table 1 shows that the statistical analysis fighting against Pakistan military forces of Χ2 describes the df=24 and calculated in SWA. They were of the opinion that it result of Chi-Sq = 8.202 + 3.791 + 0.009 + was a US led force not Pakistan military 20.748 + 3.144 + 2.888 + 0.055 + 1.143 + 3.887 + forces. Table data have shown that 0.553 + 2.662 + 0.278 + 0.863 + 4.817 + 0.018 + 0.456 + 4.687 + 1.451 + 4.470 + 5.952 + 5.739 + “Fight against US led forces in 1.651 + 2.148 + 6.170 + 3.319 + 1.618 + 2.521 + Afghanistan” “to create disturbance in 0.174 + 4.817 + 2.233 + while the total level the country” and, “for financial benefit” of index of score is 0.000 + 0.406 + 8.027 + was DF=2 SS 1185.3 MS 592.7 F9.07 3.507 + 0.047 = 112.452 with P-Value = 0.000. P=0.053. This table concluded that This result maintains the high significant Taliban (foreigners and local tribal) level of public perception. We can fighting against US led forces. The conclude that Pakistan is not sincere in general perception of the public was Taliban elimination, provide shelter to found terrified. They were annoyed of them on the loss of huge suffering of

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 105 the government wrong policy regarding Table 3: Drone attack and Pakistani forces operation in Waziristan the handling of the situation. Categories Wrong Right Total

Table 2 Status of the Taliban Pakistani 87 13 100 forces X Yes No Operation 90.50 9.50 Terrorist 57 (55.89) 33 (34.11) Mujahid 61 (62.11) 39 (37.89) Drone Attacks 94 6 100

90.50 9.50

Table 2 indicated that (55.89) of the Total 181 19 200 respondents were of the opinion that the conflict between Taliban and military Table 3: result of Chi-Sq = {0.135 + forces in Waziristan is not the war of 1.289 +}, {0.135 + 1.289 = 2.850} and Pakistan and given the status of terra DF = 1, P- value = 0.091 is significant. elements. It was found that (62.11) gave As hypothesized, “public condemn the them the status of Mujahiddin. Chi-Sq = use of force either by Pakistani forces or 0.022 + 0.036 +0.020 + 0.032 = 0.110. drone attacks of NATO forces in DF=1, and P-value=0.741. We reject Ho. Waziristan”. Taliban are not fighting against War against America or Pakistan America/ NATO forces but targeting Statistics of data {Chi-Sq = 17.943 + Pakistani forces and civilians. 16.898 +17.943 + 16.898 = 69.683} Mastermind behind the Terra mission shown that the DF = 1, P-Value = 0.000. Results showed that the regression is The result of people’s answers to the significant Df = (df total – df between question that war in Waziristan was the groups=1), SS and MS was found “war against America or Pakistan”, 277.71for Al-Qaeda, 64.29 for Religious categorically declared as war against activists and, while SS 342.00 for RAW. Pakistan. Many said that it is inevitable Regression of F was 4.32 for Al-Qaeda. in war that people will die. Indeed, once The results indicated with P-value=0.285 war starts, civilian casualties are significant that Al-Qaeda was considered unfortunately almost a guaranteed the mastermind behind the Taliban’s certainty. mission in Waziristan.

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Table 4 Media coverage to IDPs’ Pakistan itself. Pak-Afghan border has problems and unfair behavior of the local become a cause of great concern in people terms of security and the NATO forces Analysis of Variance have a great concern. US war on Source DF SS MS F P terrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan Factor 1 2 2 0.01 0.931 has created many problems for the Error 8 1625 203 investment community in the region. Total 9 1626 The think tank of US kept a close link Individual 95% CIs For Mean with collision forces to monitor the Based on Pooled StDev North Waziristan. Operation against the Level Mean StDev ---+-----+-----+------+- militants is the dire need of the time. The Media coverage to IDPs 20.00 12.98 (------*------) present situation is going from bad to Unfair behavior of the local 20.80 15.42 (------*------) worst because every thing is damaged in -----+------+------+------+- South Waziristan of the people. Analysis of Variance of table 1.4 have shown that SS=2 MS=2 F- The results confirmed that both distribution=0.01 and the P-value=0.93. foreigners and local tribal were fighting The finding indicated that the perception against Pakistan military forces in SWA. of the people of South Waziristan bases People expressed their opinion that Al- of correct decision where they identified Qaeda was the mastermind behind this that media coverage to IDPs mission. Apparently, people accepted and unfair behavior of the local people. that Taliban creates disturbance in the Statistics showed that M=20.00, 20.80 country and also got financial benefits SD=20.80, 15.42 of the claim of media but results have been shown that they coverage to IDPs and unfair behavior of subsequently targeting NATO forces. the local people Findings support the hypothesis “Taliban fights against America/NATO forces”. Conclusion & Discussion Participants were of the opinion that the Pakistan should take strong action fighters are not fighting against against the insurgency and militancy in America/ NATO forces but targeting the country. Pakistan seems to be a Pakistani forces and civilians and were sincere ally. Duel policy would strike relatively more conscious about this

Jan et al., Gomal University Journal of Research 27(1): 93-109 (2011) 107 situation. Results categorically signify and hence what the public are told. For that Al-Qaeda was considered the them it is paramount to control the mastermind behind the Taliban’s media. This can involve all manner of mission in Waziristan and clearly activities, from organizing media support the hypothesis “Al-Qaeda is sessions and daily press briefings, or considered the mastermind behind the through providing managed access to Taliban’s mission in waziristan”. war zones, to even planting stories. The military option the Pakistani government This empirical study further confirmed elects to pursue will reflect on its the assumption that public condemn the commitment to the war on terror and its use of force either by Pakistani forces or partnership with the United States. drone attacks of NATO forces in Pakistan will demonstrate a continued Waziristan. This study seems that it is willingness to try to defeat the Taliban the war in Waziristan was the war that operates against Islamabad if it against Pakistan. It was found that the chooses to maintain the status quo or perception of tribal about this structure elects to dismantle the TTP completely. of Waziristan is to change in F.C.R as At the same time, however, such an compared to other status. Levies were approach would indicate Pakistan’s considered more careful for public desire to conduct operations on its own security while Ulema are more trustable terms, with its own objectives. then other sections of the area. It was Islamabad will signal a serious founded that availability of public commitment in defeating terror and a security and education system are the strengthening relationship with the first priorities, roads and United States if it elects to cooperate communications, and agency council with the United States and target groups election are second priorities, while that threaten U.S. and NATO forces in FATA Secretariat is the third priority of Afghanistan. Pakistan’s upcoming local tribal of Waziristan. decision on future military operations The military often manipulates the will prove critical to the war on terror mainstream media, by restricting or and its relationship with the United managing what information is presented States.

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