CENSUS OF INDIA 1991
REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA ·A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
OCCASIONAL PAPERS
SERIES ·1 VOLUME ·111 ASSAM
F la'lnl!;g & Su )ervision Dr. R.P.SINGH ;:','5Slsknt Regi5trar Gerleral (Map)
(,Hlerdl Direcliun & Edltl1g J,K. BANTHIA 1)( the ind,an Acminlslrall"f Service Registrar Genl~ral & C(,nSUs Commissioner India 'Zp", Mans ngh Hoad, N~v Delhi ' Maps included in this volume are based upon Survey of India Map with the pennission of the Surveyor General of India.
The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line.
The Interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown on the Maps are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Re-organisation) Act, 1971, but have yet to be verified .
The nomenclature "Mikir" of 1981 publication is replaced by the term -Karbi" wherever appears.
© Government of India copyright 2001.
Abbreviations:
RC Revenue Circle
MC Municipal Corporation
MB Municipal Board
TC Town Committee
CT Census Town
NA Not available
T Total
R Rural
U Urban FOREWORD
"Regional Divisions of India - A Cartographic Analysis" , of each State and Union Territory Volume, 1991 is undertaken by the Map Division of this office. The project is in continuation of a similar 'Occasional Paper' published during the 1981 census. In this study, regions are delineated at macro, messo; micro and sub-micro level in each state/union territory. While delineating such regions. the physio-geographic factors are taken into account. These physio-geographic factors consist of (i) Physiography; (ii) Geological structure; (iii) Forest coverage; (iv) Cfimatic conditions and (v) Soils. The sub-micro regions are delineated within the district keeping in view the above physio-geographic factors. The regional boundaries delineated earlier at different levels are retained as such. However, the jurisdictional changes at the district level during 1981-91 were added in the respective regions. A few more tables and maps on educational level of primary and secondary schools and availability of medical facilities at the villages, have been appended in this volume.
This publication consists of three parts. Part I contains the brief introductory note on Regional Divisions of India alongwith a map of India showing the regional boundaries at micro level. This part is common for all the States and Union Territories Volume. Part" deals with the description of Regional Divisions of each State and Union Territory. In this section, there are nearly 21 maps related to different themes e.g. denSity, sex ratio, growth of population, workers. literacy and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. These maps are prepared at the sub-micro level. Part '" is mainly devoted to presentation of data and maps of the disbicts. The districts are divided into sub-micro regions of the fourth order and brief analysis of each of these sub-micro regions is written and supported by tables relating to the main demographic theme of the districts.
This project is executed under the technical supervision of Dr. R.P. Singh, Assistant Registrar General (Map) and other officers and staff of the map Division of this office and Directorates of Census operations of StateslUnion Territories. The officers and the staff associated with this project are acknowledged separately. An effort is made to publish this volume on Compact Discs also for the convenience of the us~rs. I hope this publication will be useful for administrators, geographers. demographers and other interested in different fields of population study.
New Delhi Dated: 30.1.2001. J.K. 8anthia Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India
( iii )
PREFACE
Census is a storehouse of various data. Apart from compiling population statistics it also· perfonns another job of representing the data through graphical means i.e. data in the form of maps, charts and diagrams which has become a common theme of Census Pubtications since 1961 Census. During 1981 Census another innovative scheme was taken by this organization with the approval of the Planning Commission of Govt. of India to bring-out sectoral statistics down to some micro-physlographical regions basing upon its topographical characteristics and homogeneity to present a precise depiction of man-land relation. The present volume is the second revised edition in this series.
The delineation of these regional boundaries may not necessarily coincide with the administrative boundaries Simply because each and every micro-region is governed by certain criteria that imply certain specific characteristics to the zone in tenns of geology, soil, climate, transport and communications, industry, agricultural activities, human habitation and food behaviour, etc. Considering all these attributes and summing them up into one substance is a huge task of considerable magnitude that involves intensive care and labour which will give the reader a vogue idea about the sub-micro zones in particular and the state as a whole.
The validity of this exercise lies in accurate delineation, dissection and morphological explanation of the attributes thereby constructing a meaningful idea so that the reader, data user or the planner can interact their ideas and reconstruct a base for future development. Basing upon these information even areas of small dimension like villages can be taken for fruitful planning and upliftment. It Mluld, in all its uttemess, might help the government in executing its development programmes who has of late. renewed emphasis on toeal area planning.
A good number of officials both from the office of the Registrar General. India and this Directorate have generously contributed their best in completing this project.
I must express my sincere gratitude to Shri J.K. Banthia. lAS, the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India who has been untiredly pursuing the matter to set the volume see the light of the day. I am also deeply indebted to Dr. R.P. Singh, Asstt. Registrar General (Map) for his valuable suggestions and timely guidance in bringing out this volume as early as possible. I am thankful to other officials of the Registrar General of India's office also who have directly or indirectly involved themselves in completion of this project.
lVJ In my Cirectorate full co-operation was received from Shri N.C. Sen, Deputy Director, who always stood iJy the staff in their need. Shri K.C.S. Bhagabati, Research Officer{Map) also deserves my sincere thanks who took all the pains to bring out the volume at any cost. I am also thankful to S/8hri K. Das, Sr. Geographer and A.J. Sarmah, Cartographer who co-operated relentlessly to ~Jet the work done in time. Besides, all the officials of the drawing section and other officials associated with this project also deserve my deep sense of appreciation for their timely co operation without which the project could not have been completed.
Dated Guwahat~ the 1st January ,2002. Pradip Hazarika, lAS . Director of Census Operations, . Assam, Guwahati.
I vi J Technical staff of RGI Headquarters and DCO., Assam associated with the Project.
At RGI Headquarters:
Planning &Supervision Dr. RP. Singh, Asstt. Registrar General (Map)
Progress & Monitoring R.K. Chourajit Singh Research Officer (Map) (Upto 31.8.01).
RN. Chhipa . Research officer (Map) (from 01.09.01)
Computer mapping and other Computerised work Pooran Singh, Senior Geographer Dinesh, DlMan Anil B. DhengJe, Sr.DlMan.
Cover Design Mohd. Ishaque, Sr. Drawing Asstt.
Secmtarial Wcrk A.K. Jain, P.A. P.K. Ajmani, P.A.
.. (VII J At DCC., Assam
General Direction P. Hazarika, lAS Director
General Management N.C. Sen, Dy.Director
Initial Drafting, 'rechnical K.C.S. Bhagabati Direction & Supervision Research Officer (Map)
Cartographic Supervision K. Das. Sr. Geographer And Analysis 01 Maps & A.J. Sarmah, Cartographer
Cartographic Works Smt.S.K. Chetia. Sr. Drawing Asstt.
Smt. M. Kalita, Artist
Smt. B. Mahanta.Sr.D/Man
Smt. R. Mazumdar. D/Man
Smt. M. Kalita, D/Man
Secretarial work Shri K.N. Gogoi Confidential Asstt.
Shri B. Baruah, Inv.Grade-1I1
Shri B. Gogoi, L.D.C.
Shri S. Mukherjee, Jr. Supervisor
Shri S. Dutta. DEO-8
Shri A. Kafita, DEO-8
Shri S. Mudoi, DEO-B
Proof Reading S/Shri K. Das, Sf-Geographer A.J. Sarrnah, Cartographer
Printing Management B.K.Hazarika, H.P.M.O. Ramasish Roy, G,Operator.
{viii"> ftEGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA: A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ASSAM STATE VOLUME
CONTENTS
Pages
Foreword (iii)
Prefa(~e (v}
PART-I
Regional Divisions of India - A Cartographic Analysis - General Note 3 - 6
Brief characteristics of Regional Divisions 7 -16
Phys~)-Geograohical Regions of India (Regional Divisions)
PART -II
Regional Divisi Jns of Assam 31-39
GENERAL MAPS
Positi In of Assam in India 1991 41'
Administrative Jivisions of Assam i 991 4H
Relief and Dralflage 49
Normal monthl! and annual rainfall 50
Normal monthl ( and annual temperature
Geok'9Y 52 ':, Soil 5",
Distribution of :>opulation 1991 54 Urban density of Population 1991 (sub-micro level) 55
Sex-ratio 1991 (sub-micro level) 56
Main Workers 1991 (sub-micro level) 57
Percentage of literates to total population 1991 58 (sub-micro level)
Scheduled Castes 1991 (sub-micro level) 59
Scheduled Tribes 1991 (sub-micro level) 60
PART -III
REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS:
1 DISTRICT CACHAR
(il Regional Divisions of Cachar 63-64 (il) Data on Regional Divisions' of Cachar 67 (iti) Region-wise village codes of Cachar 68-70 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Cachar. 71-74
2, DISTRICT KARIMGANJ
(i) Regional Divisions of Karimganj 75-76 (ii I Data on Regional Divisions of Karimganj 79 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Karimganj 80 (iv) Statement of Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Karimganj 81-82
3. DISTRICT HAiLAKANDI
(i) Regional Divisions of Hailakandi 83-84 (ii; Data on Regional Divisions of Hailakandi 87 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Hailakandi 88 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Ph ys io-cu Itura I details of Hailakandi. 89-90
(X J 4. DISTRICT KARBI ANGLON~
CIf Regional Divisions of Karbi Anglong 91- 93 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Karbi Anglong 97 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Karbi Anglong 98-102 (iv) Statement on Region-wise PhysiQ..cultural details of Karbi Anglong. 103-109
5. DISTRICT NORTH CACHAR HILLS
(i) Regional Divisions of North Cachar Hills 111-112 (in Data on Regional Divisions of North Cachar Hills 115 (iiI) . Region-wise village codes of North Cachar Hills 116 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cuttura\ details of North Cachar Hills 117-119
6. DISTRICT GOALPARA
(i) Retjional Divisions of Goalpara 121-122 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Goalpara 125 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Goalpara 126 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Goalpara 127-129
7. DISTRICT DHUBRI
(i) Regional Divisions of Dhubri 131-132 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Dhubri 135 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Dhubri 136 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Dhubri 137-139
8. DISTRICT KOKRAJHAR
(i) Regional Divisions of Kokrajhar 141-142 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Kokrajhar 145 (iii) Region-wise vitlage codes of Kokrajhar 146 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio cultlJral details of Kokrajhar 147-149 9. DISTRICT BONGAIGAON d) Regional Divisions of Bongaigaon 151-152 tii) Data on Regional Divisions of Bongaigaon 155 iiii) Region-wise village codes of Bongaigaon 156 liv) Stat,ement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Bongaigaon. 157-160
10. DISTRiCT KAMRUP
(i) Regional Divisions of Kamrup 161-162 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Kamrup. 165 (iii) RegIon-wise village codes of kamrup 166 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Kamrup. 167-170
11. DISTRICT BARPETA
(i) Regional Divisions of Barpeta 171-172 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Barpeta 175 (iii) RegIon-wise village codes of Barpeta 176 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of 8arpeta. 177-180
12. DISTRICT NALBARI
(i) Regional Divisions of Nalbari 181-182 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Nalbari 185 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Nalbari 186 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Nalbari. 187-190
13. DISTRICT DARRANG
(i) Regional Divisions of Darrang 191-192 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Darrang 195 (iii) RegIon-wise village codes of Darrang 196-197 (iv) Statl3ment on Regio~-wise Physio- cultural details of Darrang. 198-200
(xii) 14. DISTRICT SONITPUR
(i) Regional Divisions of Sonitpur 201-202 Oi) Data on Regional Divisions of Sonitpur 205 {iii) Region-wise village codes of Sonitpur 206-208 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Sonitpur. 209-211
15. DISTRICT NAGAON
(i) Regional Divisions of Nagaon 213-214 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Nagaon 217 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Nagaon 218--219 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Nagaon. 220-223
16. DISTRICT MARIGAON
(i) Regional Divisions of Marigaon 225-226 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Marigaon 229 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Marigaon 230 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio- cultural details of Marigaon. 231-232
17. DISTRICT LAKHIMPUR
(i) Regional Divisions of Lakhimpur 233-234 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Lakhimpur 237 (iir) Region-wise village codes of Lakhimpur 238 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Lakhimpur. 239-241
18. DISTRICT DHEMAJI
(I) Regional Divisions of Dhemaji 243-244 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Dhemaji 247 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Dhemaji 248-249 (IV) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Dhemaji. 250-252
(Xiii) 19. DISTRICT SIBSAGAR
(i) Regional Divisions of Sibsagar 253-254 {ji) Data cn Regional Divisions of Sibsagar 257 (iii} Region-wise village codes of Sibsagar 258 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Sibsagar. 259-261
20. DISTRICT JORHAT
(if Regional Divisions of Jorhat 263-264 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Jorhat 267 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Jorhat 268-269 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Jomat.
21. DISTRICT GOLAGHAT
(i) Regional Divisions of Golaghat 275-276 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of GoIaghat 279 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Golaghat 280-281 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cuJtural details of Golaghat. 282-284
22. DISTRICT DIBRUGARH
(I) Regional Divisions of Dibrugarh 285-286 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Dibrugarh 289 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Dibrugarh 290 (iv) Statement on Region-wise PhYSKxultural detail', of Dibrugarh. 291-293
23. DISTRICT TINSUKIA
~i) Regional Divisions of Tinsukia 295-296 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Tinsukia 299 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Tinsukia 300-301 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural 302-306 details of Tinsukia
(xiv) PART -I REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA
REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA-A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS GENERAL. NOTE
Region is a complex phenomenon which varies according to purposes but must have homogeneous 2 characteristics. to delineate a region in a country like India with an area of 3287,283 Km , extending between latitudes of ~o 4' 28" "nd 31> 17' 53" North and longitudes of 68° 7' 53" and 97° 24' 47" East and having a great range of geographic variations is a gigalltic task. In the changed scenario of planning where emphasis is being laid on grassroot levet planning, the delineation of sub-micro region having village as unit, . is significant. For carving out suCh natural regions, the following considerations, inter·alia, are to be kept in view:
(i) Contiguous geographical area; (ii) Homogeneous administrative machinery capable of formulating and implementing integrated area plans; (iii) Reliable statistical data base;, Cv} Existence of nodal regions: and. (v) Amenability of the natural boundaries to marginal adjustments so that the former, by and large, conform to a~ministrative boundaries at given points of time. ...
In Indi~. district isa defined administrative unit which is planning'unit also. The distr~ct boundaries do coincide with regional boundaries and hav~ reliable statistical data bas~r Hen,pe, district has been taken as a basic unit of delineation. ..;
A number of scholars have delineated the natural regions of the country which was mainly based on physical factors. Accordingly they divided the country into tracUtional regions of mountains, plateaus and plains. In Census of India, A. Mitra and late P. Sengupta attempted the regionalisation of the country taking into consideration district as basic unit of data presentation but they have not taken into consideration the intra-district variations. Hence this study was undertaken during 1981 to delineate sub-micro region in each district based oil physio·geogr~phical characteristics. While delineating the sub-micro region, village was taken as a basic. unit ofdemarca_tion. Since each sub-micro region has been clearly delineated in rurat and urban constituents, the demographic characteristics and other statistical data can be generated for the post-census period also to the extent to which village-wise I town-wise data are available. The scheme was the first of its ,kind in the history of the Census in India and WOUld serve as a useful framework for administrators, planners. researchers and other data users for area specific planning.
The basic work of delineation of sub-micro region at district level was undertaken during 1981 Census as a plan project and separate volumes for each State I Union Territory was published during 1981 Census. Present study is in continuatron of the 1981 project in which sub-micro regions delineated during 1981 Census and published in the respective volume were adopted in the same pattem without any change. The code structures of the sub-micro regions are also the same used in 1981 Census. A detailed description of code structure is given in the Macro and Meso regional divisions of India. However, the ~ew administrative changes during 1981-91 were added in the respective sub-micro regions as per li'~t given herewith:
Region Micro region Newly Created Districts No. (198,1-91)
(1) (2) (3)
1.4,3, Western Arunachal prad,~Ptt:!.'mat~~:;W;\;:::'i ~i) Tawang ,U\ 1.4.4. Eastern Arunachal pradeS~~Himalaya . . (i) ch'anQ.lang 1.5.2. Manipur Hills (i) Ukhrul1 .,' , ' (ii) Senapati (iii) Tamenglong ~v) Churachandpur (v) Pocket of Imphal .. (vi) Chandel
1.5.3. Imphal Valley 'ei) Imphal Jii) Bi$hnupur ii) Tt'loubal
fl. 1.5.7. Cachar Plain (i) HaiiaKandi (Ii) Karimganj
.' 2.2.1. Eastern Ha,yana Plain (i) Yamuna Nagar
\. (ii) Kaithal (iii) Panipat
2.2.3. Southern HatYana Plain (i) Rewari
2.4.1. Northern Upper Ganga Plain (i) Harowar
2.4.2., Southern Upper Ganga Plain (i) Firozabad
2.5.1. Middle Ganga Plain-West (i) Kanpur Dehat (ii) Kanpur Nagar
2.5.2. Middle Ganga Plain-East (i) Mau (ii) Siddharth Nagar (iii) Maharajganj
2.6.1. North Bihar Plain. (i) Madhepura (ii) Araria (iii) .Kishanganj
2.6.2. South Bihar Plain (i) Khagaria (ii) Jehanabad (1) (2) (3)
2.6.5. Proper Delta (i) North 24 Parganas (ii) South 24 Parganas
2.7.1. Western Brahmaputra Valley (i) Kokrajhar (ii) Bongaigaon (iii) Barpeta Ov) Nalbari (v) Dhubri
2.7.2. Central Brahmaputra Valley (i) Sonitpur (ii) Marigaon
2.7.3. Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (i) Dhemaji (ii) Tinsukia (iii) Jorhat Ov) Golaghat
3.1.3. Banas Chambal Basin (i) Dhaulpur
3.2.2. Mirzapur Uplands (i) Sonbhadra i: ~ 3.3.1. Rancni Plateau (i) Gumla (ii) Lohardaga
3.3.2. Hazaribag Plateau (i) Dumka (ii) Deoghar (iii) GOOda Qv} Sahibganj
3.3.4. Singhbhum Plateau (i) Pashchimi Singhbhum (ii) Purbl Singhbhum
3.7.2. Wardha-Penganga-Wainganga Plain (i) Gadchiroli
3.8.1. Eastern Plateau (i) Jalna (ii) Latur
3.9.3. Southern Karnataka Plateau (i) Bangalore Rural (ii) Bangalore Urban
3.10.1. Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri (i) Dindigul-Anna . 3.10.2. Tamil Nadu Uplands (i) North Arcot-Ambedkar (ii) TIruvannamalai- Sambuvarayar
5 (1) (2) (3)
4.2.1. Maharashtra Littoral (i) Sindhudurg
4.2.2. Goa Coast (i) North Goa (ii) South Goa
4.2.4. North Kerala Coast (i) Kasaragod (ii) Kannur
4.2.5. Central Kerala Coast (i) Palakkad (ii) Thrissur
4.2.6. South Kerala Coast (i) Alappuzha (ii) Pathanamthitta (iii) Kollam ~v) Thiruvananthapuram
4.3.2. Sandy Littoral (i) Pasumpon Muthu Ramalinga Thevar (ii) Kamarajar (iiQ Chidambaranar
4.3.3. Coromandel Coast (i) Chengalpattu M.G.R.
6 BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS
1. THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS :
The Northern Mountains corresponding with the Himalayan zone facing the northern frontier of the sub-continent comprise Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Northern Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Northern West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and part of Assam. The Northern Mountains have been divided primarily according to the geology and forest cover. The relief and drainage however, have also played a dominant role in establishi ng various sUb-divisions within the Himalayan zone. This macro region has been divided into 5 sub-regions (meso) and 24 divisions (micro) on the basis of above mentioned factors.
These sub-regions are :
1.1 Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya
This sub-region covers the entire Jammu and Kashmir and is further divided into following three divisions (micro regions)
1.1.1 ,Ladakh 1.1.2 Kashmir Valley 1.1.3 Jammu
In these divisions the relief presents remarkable variations. The grouping of the districts has been made in conformity with the geological structure, elevation and forest cover. Other factors do not play significant role in delineating these divisions. However, sUb-montane soil (Podsolic) is dominant in the Kashmir Valley and brown hill soil is seen in the southern part of Jammu and Kashmir. Ladakh region is fully predominated by mountain meadow soils as well as glaciers and eternal snow. Forest is mostly alpine type in the northern regions and sub~alpine in the ~outhernregions.
1.2. Himachal Pradesh Himalaya ;
The entire state of Himachal Pradesh falls under this sub-region. It has been further divided into the following 4 div1sions :
1.2.1 Northern Himachal Pradesh
1.2.2 Tran$~Himalayan Zone 1.2.3 Central Himachal Pradesh 1.2.4 Southern Himachal Pradesh
Geologically, it is almost Similar to that of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya. However, this sub region is characterised by marked variations in the relief features, mainly on the consideration of micro-reHef and little variations in soils.
7 1.3. Uttar Pradesh Himalaya :
This sUb-reg'ion has been divided into three divisions, viz"
1,3.1 Kumaon Himalaya-North
1.3.2 Western Kumaon Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons
1,3,3 Kumaon Himalaya-East
In these areas, the elevation has been taken as the main basis for classification. Geology and forest have also been taken into account. The soils are mostly of brown hill type in the sub-region with marked differences jn the southern Siwalik zone, locally known as 'Tarai' and 'Bhur' sails. The Kumaon Himalaya-North has important peaks like Nanda Devi, Kamet and Badrinath. The Ganga and the Yamuna have their sources in this region. The Western Kumaon Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons cover Dehraqun, Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal districts and have an elevation of 900 to 1000 m. The Kumaon Himalaya-East which comprises Almora and Nainital districts is marked with some narrow valleys on high altitudes,
1.4 North Eastern l1imalaya :
This region includes four sub-regions extending over Sikkim, Darjiting and 'Duar' areas of West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. The Darjiling section of the Himalayan zone rises abruptly from 'Duar' plains of West Bengal. Three high peaks namely, Siwalik Phu (3630 m), Sabargam (3546 m) and Phalut (3596 m) are located in this section of Himalayan zone. Similarly, the lofty range of about 5000 m. with intermittent . summits are the chief characteristics of Arunachal Pradesh. Weather is damp and cold and the forests are . 'd:~mse. Annual rainfall ranges between 250 and 350 cm. The drainage is in evolutionary stage and immature. This region has bien divided into 4 divisions as below:
1.4.1 Sikkim Himalaya
1.4.2 Darjiling Himalaya including 'Duars' 1.4.3 Western Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya
1.4.4 Eastern Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya
1.5 Eastern Hill Zone :
This region represents the eastern section of Himalayan zone extending over Nagaland, Manipur Mizoram, Tripura, part of Assam and Meghalaya. This region is interspersed with plains especially in Silchar, North Cachar Hills and adjoining areas. Topographically it is rugged. The slopes are quite steep. Over the Tripura region the topography has interspersed ranges and valleys. Consequently communication is difficult.
The Khasi and Jaintia Hills region in Meghalaya is like a table land. Geologic~dly it is an eastward extension of the mas~ive block of the peninsular region broken by the alluvium of Bengal basin. In its long geological history this region is said to have been submerged during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times due to marine transgression which was further uplifted at the time of Himalayan orogenesis.
8 The region has been divided into 10 divisions as below:
1.5.1 Nagatand Hills 1.5.2 Manipur Hills 1.5.3 Imphal Valley 1.5.4 Mizo Hill Zone 1.5.5 Tripura Plain 1.5.6 Tripura Hills 1.5.7 Cachar Plain 1.5.8 Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills --~~~~~~~~~------1.5.9 Eastern Meghalaya 1.5.10 Western Meghalaya
2. THE GREAT PLAINS :
This is the most important zone in view of human GUIIGtmu CllIlm elllu Il ., ...~tches frdmRajasthan via Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal to the eastern section of Brahmaputra Valley. It is an enclosed vast basin of various small and large rivers separated by 'alluvial divides'.
The western section comprising arid Rajasthan, Punjab. Haryana, Chandigarh. Deihiand Western Uttar Pradesh is Slightly higher in elevation (over 150 m) than the eastern section of the plain. However, according to elevationi-tnis pia," shows three levels of relief configuration, between 0 to 75 m, in thEr"eastern . section, 75 to 150 mcin the 6e,gt~~IUttar Pradesh and 1"50 to 300 m. in the western zone with the ~xG~pu()n . of small zone in easter~ J~i~alri,efdistrict where ffie'elevation is belQw 75 m. aeOl0gjcaIlYJQ&:;~hqi~t region is made of alluvium brought by rivers from the Himalayas and this is a gradational'm~if1 f..()rm~~~ring Pleistocene and Recent geological times. On the basis of drainage. soils and rainfall, the region has been· divided into 7 (meso) sub-regions and 24 (micro) divisions :-
2.1 Punjab Plain :
In this plain 4 divisions as listed below have been delineated on the basis of soils 90dJ~lnJall. Soils are alluvial with variations of 'banger' and 'Khadar'. Agriculturally, this is the most importanfregion.
2.1.1 Ravi-Beas Inter-Fluvial Plain 2.1.2 Hoshiarpur-Chandigarh sub-montane Plain 2.1.3 8eas-Satluj Doab 2.1.4 Punjab MatwaPlain
2.2 Haryana Plain :
In this region which also incrudes Delhi, three divisions have been delineated on the basis of topography and distribution of SOils which are sandy and calcareous.
2.2.1 Eastern Haryana Plain 2.2.2 Western Haryana Plain 2.2.3 Southern Haryana Plain
9 2.3 Arid Rajasthan Plain:
This meso region receives an average rainfall of less than 40 cm. It has been divided Into four micro regions mainly on the basis of distribution of rainfall which are:
2.3.1 Ghaggar Plain 2.3.2 Rajasthan Bagar 2.3.3 Extremely Arid Tract 2.3.4 Luni Valley
2.4 Upper Ganga Plain :
" '_ ,::' "", , J~is is the vast stretch of th~ Ganga Plain where the rivers are playing an important role in carrying out defirti~e.influence oUheir own. In ge'neral, the soil is alluvial but variations have developedon the upland '.' ,/-." and ~t:l.e lowland areas. The Upper Ganga Plain has been divided into 2 divisions. viz.,
2.4.1 Northern Upper Ganga Plain -. ;r': 2.4.2 Southern Upper Ganga Plain,
2.5 Middle Ganga PJain :
This is the transitional zone between the upper Ganga Plain and th,e Lower Ganga Plain and has been divided into. two divisions. viz.,
2.5.1 Middle Ganga Plain~West 2.5.2 Middle Ganga Plain-East
2.6 Lower Ganga Plain :
The characteristics of the landscape in the Ganga Plain change abruptly in Lower Ganga Plain extending over Bihar and West Bengal due to high rainfall. It has an elevation of below 75 m. and has been further: diVided into following six micro regions :-
2.6.1 North Bihar Plain 2.6.2 South Bihar Plain 2.6.3 Barind Tract
2.6.4 Moriband Delt~ 2.6.5 Proper Delta· 2.6.6 Ram Plain
2.7 Brahmaputra Valley :
The Brahmaputra Valley presents typical geographical features. In general, the valley has an elevation of below 75 m. The eastern section is more undulating. Rainfall is very high and river pattern is braided in various sections of the Brahmaputra. The tributaries joining the main river Brahmaputrt:
10 discharge large amount of water during the monsoon period and hence cause floods in the valley region. It is also covered with luxuriant vegetations throughout. Hence, on these basis this valley has been divided into three divisions with definite characteristics.
2.7.1 Western Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.2 Central Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.3 Eastern Brahmaputra Valley
3. THE DeCCAN PLATEAU :
The Deccan Plateau represents the whole of South Indian tableland. From the point of view of geology, the whole region is composed of metamorphic rocks of pre Cambrian age. Considering drainage, elevation, forest cover, soils and rainfall, sub-divisions were delineated. In general, the elevation rises to over 1000 m. in the south while it hardly exceeds 500 m. in the north. The rivers of this region have mostly reached their base level of erosion which have carved wide valleys in various regions ()f considerable importance. This region has been divided into 12 (meso) sub-regions and 33 micro divisions ..
3:'1 Semi·Arid Rajasthan :
This portion of Raja~than is marked with intervening valleys where the soils are red, yellow and mixed red-black in character. The regional characteristics of this region are different from those of the arid zone of the Rajasthan (2.3). The annual rain fall here varies from 35 to 45 cm. Besides, the vegetation is partly developed over the hills.and'stopes which mostly belong to semi-arid type: while the arid plains are infested with thorny scrub and bushy vegetation. This region has further been divided into three divisions:
3.1.1 Aravalli Range andJhe Associated Uplands 3.1.2 Semi-Arid Uplands of Eastern Rajasthan 3.1.3 Banas-Chambal Basin
3.2 Uttar Pradesh Uplands :
Uttar Pradesh Uplands represent well defined zone of Vindhyan System in the south. The average elevation is 500-600 m. and slope towards the plain in the north. The divisions made in this meso region are:
3.2.1 Jhansi Uplands 3.2.2 Mirzapur Uplands
Jhansi Uplands are comparatively dry while the Mirzapur Uplands are wet.
3.3 Bihar-West Bengal Uplands : .. Bihar-West Bengal Uplands region is one of the most interesting regions for the studies in geomorphology and cultural geography. The whole region belongs to the unclassified crystalline rocks. The elevation of the Bihar Highlands known as Chotanagpur Plateau, is in the range of 300-900 m. which is often high above 900 m. at places in the form of rounded hilJs. Soils in this region are mainly red
11 and yellow, and red sandy. Red and black soils are predominant in Singhbhum region. The drainage is radial. Forests are dense in Palamu, Ranchi and Hazaribag areas, while it becomes sparse in Puruliya on account of degenerated soils on the uplands. On the basis of elevation and nature of topography the region has been divided into 4 divisions:
3.3.1 Ranchi Plateau
3.3.2 Hazaribag Plate~u
3.3.3 Puruliya Uplands
3.3.4 Singhbhum Plateau
3.4 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands :
The Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands region has been sub-divided into three divisions. In general. the elevation is between 300-600 m. with numerous hills which are thickly forested. The Northern Madhya Pradesh is typically a ravine and derelict land zone on account of erosion by the tributaries of Chambal system. The Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-East region represents the Vindhyas with well developed scraps. Three divisions made in this meso region are:
3.4.1 Northern Madhya Pradesh Ravine Uplands-West
3.4.2 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-Central
3.4.3 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-East
3.5 Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau :
The Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau inherits a complex geology. In general, Gneisses, Vindhyans aOd Gondwanas are fairly represented here. Forest is deciduous and presents large varieties of Sal. Soils are primarily medium black to deep black types. The region has been sub-divided into three divisions:
3.5.1 Sagar Plateau 3.5.2 Bhopal Plateau 3.5.3 Ratlam Plateau
3.6 Southern Madhya Pradesh Uplands :
The region in general represents black soil. Annual rainfall varies between 200-300 cm. The whole region is densely forested in general. According to the elevation, drainage and micro-orographic characteristics the region has been divided into three divisions.
3.6.1 Narmada Region including Flanks of Vindhya and Satpura 3.6.2 Mahanadi Basin 3.6.3 Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya
12 3.7 Northern Maharashtra :
The Northern Maharashtra represents the major soil regions developed over 'Deccan Flows'. In this region average 1inl'lual rainfall ranges between 40 and 80 cm. The altitudinal characteristics are quite pronounced and hence the de'lineation of above regions is based on the 'Valleys and divides' concept of orography of the region. It has beenfurtherdivided into following two divisions:
3.7.1 Tapti-Puma Valley 3:'1 :2,; vvafdha1Penganga-WaingangaPlain ..,~ ,.', :. 1 ':: . •
3.8 Maharashtra Plateau :
This meso region in general, has an altitude ranging between 300 and 900 m. and extends over basalts. Some high ranges like Ajanta range, Harischandra range, Mahadeo range and Balaghat range break the monotony and thus form a mosaic of plateau with protruded hills. Annual rainfall in general, varies between 80 and 100 cm. except in the central region of Mahara~htra Plateau which generally gets less than 80 cm. rainfall. Forest cover, in general, is sparse and at places dense which is of dry deciduous type. Consequently two divisions have been made in this region, viz.,
3.8.1 Eastern Plateau 3:8.2 Western pfateau with Protruded Hills
3.9 Karnataka Plateau:
The Karnataka Plateau is a well defined plateau region of the Deccan over the unclassified crystalline rocks in general, the northern portion is having an elevation of about 300 m, with a westward slope, while the southern portion is high (over 900rn.) and slopes towards the southeast. Tuogabhadra river cuts it into two • ! . regions. Average annual rainfall is around 80 em. in major parts of this region. Soils in the northern Karnataka are black, while in the south these are mostly laterite, red sandy and red loamy. Forests are dense only in Malnad .bord:~ring Sahyadri where the main elevation reaches 1000 m. wJ~h heavy rainfall of 150-cm. per annum. Tnr~_e divfsions made o'n'th'e above considerations,inthe region are: ' , - \. _:~! ~.. : . .. I , ' • . : • " I :' " 3.9.1 Northern Karnataka Plateau 3.9.2 Central Karnataka Plateau 3.9.3 Southern Karnataka Plateau
3.10 Tamil Nadu Uplands :
This region is the southern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks of Cambrian period and is marked with fairly wide valley of Cauvery and its tributaries, In general, the elevation is over 900 m. in the west due to southern Sahyadri and Nilgiri Hills. The western and the eastern flanks get an annual rainfall of about 80-200 em. but the central part of the uplands is almost dry. Due to comparatively high rainfall the hilly areas are forested.On the baSis of elevation two divisions have been carved out which are:
3.10.1 Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri 3.10.2 Tamil Nadu Uplands
13 3.11 Andhra Plateau =
Andhra Plateau is another well-defined plateau region over the Archaean gneissic rock of Southern India which is drained mostly by Godavari, Kristma and Penner river systems. Overthe western margins, , ; .' -~; - -. .-.' '",." ~.: :. the soils are mostly medium black with intrusion of deep black soils in Krishna valley. The rest of the region is chara.cterised by red sandy soils. The average annual rainfall is below 80 cm. in this region. The region is covered with deciduous forests. On the basis of elevation and other considerations, the region has been divided into four divisions and identified as:
3.11.1 Godavari Depressions 3.11.2 Telangana Plateau 3.11.3 Krishna Piedmont Plain 3.11.4 Rayalaseema
3.12 Orissa Highlands =
The Orissa Highlands region is comprised of the north-eastern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks of the Deccan Plateau. Here the topography is rugged and.eJeyation is about 1,200 m. in Koraput Plateau. The Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers have carved out well defined valleys. Soils of the region are mostly red and sandy interspersed with red and yellow soils in some areas. The western portion of the region consists of deep valleys with spurs. In general, the southern portion is much'rIlore dissected and higher than the northern, where the range of elevation is between 300 and 900 m. Ave~age annual rainfall of the region is between 200 and 300 cm. The region has been divided into two well marked divisions according to elevation, viz.
3.12.1 Northern Orissa Highlands 3.12.2 Southern Orissa Highlands (Orissa Dandakaranya) .. 4. THE COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLANDS :
Geologically the Coastal Plains adjacent to the Peninsular region are mere 'Shore Facies' of the . . Deccan Trap. The region has attained a definite regional approach for classification on account of coastal alluvium characteristics hemmed in between the Sahyadri and Arabian sea in the west and the Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal in the east. The rainfall varies in the sections which is high (above 300 em.) in the Western Coastal Region and low (100 cm.) in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Coastal Plain has been sub divided into 4 (meso) sub-regions and 20 micro divisions.
4.1 Gujarat Coastal Plain :
This region represents almost the whole of Gujarat state. This region is composed of 'Deccan Flows' and coastal Tertiary deposits. Gujarat Plain is drained by Sabarmati and Mahi rivers. Eastern Hilly Region is comprised of Panch Mahals and the Dangs districts. Kathiawar Peninsula is partly rocky having an elevation of above 75 m. Radial drainage is the chief characteristic feature of thiS-Zone.
14 Kachchh Peninsula solely corresponds with Kachchh district. The chief characteristic feature of the region is the sandy plain with isolated rocky hills. All these regions may typically be said as semi-arid while the Kachchh Peninsula is arid. The above mentioned four regions are as follows:
4.1.1 Gujarat Plain 4.1.2 Eastern Hilly Region 4.1.3 Kathiawar Peninsula 4.1.4 Kachchh Penillsula
: ".'
4;2 . 'Western Coastal Region :
The,Western Coastal Region lies just bordering the Sahyadri (the Western Ghats). The width of the . region is oft~n v~r{'1art~w i~ Karnataka Coastal Region which groadens furtHer so~th in KeraJa~ Rainfall is . 'quite ""e.~vy dver 300 em'.' per'an~um. Si)( divisions have b~en derrycw:~ated in this~~gion which cover portions of' M~ha,rashtra, Karnataka'"Kerala. Mahe- di~trict of Pondicherty and South Goa and North Goa districts of 'Goa. The Six divisions are: , .' • , ~ • I ~ i· ~;" 1'; 4.2.1 Maharashtra Littoral ~'l • .4.2.2 ,jGoa Coas.t .4.2.3 Karnataka Coast 4.2.4 ' North Kerala Coast
4~2.5 Central Kerala Coast 4.2.6 South Kerala Coast
4.3 Eastern Coastal Region :
The Eastern Coastal Region can be qistinguished from the Western Coast because the basic geographical factors of these two regions vary to a great extent. The 100 em. isohyetalline separates the eastern and western coastal areas at the district level at Kanniyakumari. The Eastern Coastal Region is wide and the soils differ appreciably within this region. The big rivers carve out broader valleys or deltas which give further help in establishing the division in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Eastern Ghats are broken as they do not run as continuous geographical barrier. The region has been divided into 8 divisions viz.
4.3.1 Kanniyakumari Coast . 4.3.2 Sandy Littoral 4.3.3 Coromandel Coast 4.3.4 Southern Andhra Coastal Plain 4.3.5 Krishna Delta 4.3.6 Godavari DeHa 4.3.7 Northern Andhra Coastal Plain 4.3.8 Mahanadi Delta
15 4.4 The Islands :
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea vary between themselves in geographical location as well as in human geography and form two micro regions.
4.4.1 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are composed of more than 300 named and unnamed Islands. Out of them 33 major iSlands are inhabited, while the remaining islands .sre uninhabited. Geologically, sandstone and shales of Eocene period predominate. Due to hot and humidclimate, soils are lateritic and degenerated with luxuriant growth of vegetation cover. Coral formation is the chief characteristics of the islands and so the group of islands forms a definite entity of a region on these considerations.
4.4.2 The Lakshadweep islands have developed very near to the continental shelf of the Indian coast. The total number of islands is 27 of which 10 are inhabited and the remaining 17 uninhabited.
These two present a peculiar geographical environment, ecology and cultural zone of India.
16 MAP 1
36° _ IN IA
Bo un dary, Inlellldl lO llal ijo undary SlalejCl oundary. DistriCt. ..
0') 32 ° K IL OM~T R ;s J, ° 100 50 0 100 200 00 400 500
MYANMAR (BURMA)
Nrw Moore I (1/'.)11 ~)
BAY
o F
BE N GAL 16° - ARABIAN Name of Districts STATE / DI:il'HI CT Kh Khilgllria (BIHAR) Ki KishanganJ (BIHAKJ MANIPUR Yo M8hendr~garh (IIARYA NA) 1 Senapati .0 Mokokchung !NAGALAND) Z. Uk hru! Yu, Mutanarpur B l ~,AR) 3_ChElndel S~ A Pa.C Pashchim Champaran 4. Thoubal P.l.I.T Pasumpon Mu th uram!llinga (TAMIL NADU) 5.lmphal Th~vu 1:1. Tamenglong Po Pathanamthlttll fKERALAl '7. Bishnupur PlI.C Puroo Champaran BIHAR) B.Churachandpur Snhibglln j (8!~AR) " '"Som SlI.ml'lstipur SIKK IM 15 Tiruvunllamalai Saml:mvarayar (TA MIL NADU) 1- Tuensang !. North District Tue 2. West Dist rict W.K.H West Kha si Hills m~g:/At~~~) Wo kha (NAGAI ~ND) a South District '0 4_ East Dis trict 0 Z" Zunhebolo (NAG ,.\L IND) 12 _ K K!l.purlh~IB (PUNJ AB'
( REGIONS (MACRO), "• .". ~ .• _" .,. Sll lJ - REGIONS (MESO) mVJ3JONS (MICRO) •.• " ~ '" ~ACRO RffilONS 1- 4.4.2 / '" " D THE NORTHERN MOUNT!INS " " i DTHEGREATPLAINS D TilE DECCAN PLA TEAU ~. 8 0 ___ H 0 4.3. D TilE COI SfIL PL AINSA ND ISLANDS Figures in Red colour in the map indicate t he sequenee of "C', '"r Regional Div isiolls with reference to the all India map codes upto 3 Lier Q: Where the bo undaries 01 Regional Divisions are co terminus NA _ Dala nol avai lable. INDIR A I'OL'H d with tho~e of the states/UTs tmd dislricts,the former are only shown '" N D A o c E A N 72 0 ~ Asr Of GREENW ICH Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. © Government of India, copyright 2001. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured f r ri PHYSIO-GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF INDIA (REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Regions with Sljb-Regions Divisions with State/Union Code No. with Code No. Code No. Districts Territory (Macro) . (Meso) (Micro) (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) ; . The Northern 'Jammu'& Ladakh 'Ladakh & Kargil Jammu & Kashmir Mountains Kashmir [1.1.1J [1 ) Himalaya Kashmir Valley Anantnag, (K.S.), Jammu & Kashmir ", [1 .1] f1.,.2] Baramula {K.N.), Pulwama,:'Badgam, Kupwara and Srinagar. Jt!mmu Doda, Jammu, Kathua, Jammu & Kashmir [1.1.3] , P!lneH;'Rajauri and " 'l,~ , , . or' ' Udhampur Himachal Northern Himachal Chamba' . Himachal Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya [1.2.1] [1.2] Trans Himalayan Kinnaur and Himachal Pradesh Zone Lahul & Spiti t1.2.2] ,C~ntfal Himachal Kangra, Kullu, Una, Himachal Pradesh '.'1\1 Pradesh Hamirpur and Mandi [1.2.3] Southern Himachal Bilaspur, Solan, Shimla Himachal Pradesh Pradesh and Sirmaur [1.2.4] Uttar Pradesh Kumaon ' Chamoli, Pithoragarh Uttar Pradesh Himalaya Himalaya-North and Uttarkashi [1.31 [1.3.1] kumaon Dehra Dun, Garhwal Uttar Pradesh W~stkf~' :.lr' . HirilaUlya, Siwalik and Tehri Garhwal & Doons [1.3.2] Kumaon Almora and Nainital Uttar Pradesh . Himalaya-East [1.3.3] 19 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) North-Eastern Sikkim Himalaya North District, Sikkim Himalaya [1.4.1] West District, South [1.4] District and East District Darjiling Himalaya Darji.ling and Jalpaiguri West Bengal including Duars [1.4.2} Western Tawang, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh East Kameng, Lower Himalaya Subansiri, Upper Subansiri, [1.4.3] West Siang and East Siang Eastern Arunachal Dibang Valley, Lohit, Arunachal Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya Changlang and Tirap [1.4.4] Eastern Hill Nagaland Hills Kohima, Mokokchung, Nagaland Zone [1.5.1] Man, Wokha, Zunheboto, [1.5) Phek and Tuensang Manipur Hills Ukhrul, Senapati, Manipur [1.5.2] Tamenglong, Pocket of Imphal, Churachandpur and Chandel Imphal Valley Imphal, Bishnupur ~Jld Manipur [1.5.3] Thoubal Mizo Hill Zone Aizawl, Lunglei and Mizoram (1.5.4] Chhimtuipui Tripura Plain South Tripura and Tripura [1.5.5] West Tripura Tripura Hills NorthTripura Tripura [1.5.6] ./ Cachar Plain eachar, Hailakandi and Assam [1.5.7] Karimganj Karbi Anglong & Karbi Anglong and Assam North Cachar Hills North Cachar Hills [1.5.8] Eastern Meghalaya West Khasi Hills, East Meghalaya [1.5.9) Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills Western Meghalaya West Garo Hills and Meghalaya [1.5.101 East Garo Hills The Great Punjab Plain Ravi-Beas Amritsar and Gurdaspur Punjab Plains [2.1 ] Inteffluvial Plain [2] [2.1.1) 20 (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) Hoshiarpur- Chandigarh, Hoshiarpur Chandigarh U.T. Chandigarh Sub- and Rupriagar and Punjab Montane Plain [2.1.2] Beas-Satluj Doab Jalandhar and Punjab [2.1.3] Kapurthala Punjab-Malwa Bathinda, Firozpur, Punjab Plain Ludhiana, Patiala, [2.1.4] Sangrur and Faridkot Haryana Plain Eastern Haryana Ambala, Yamunanagar, Haryana [2.2] Plain Kurukshetra, Kaithal, [2.2.1 ] Jind, Karnal, Rohtak, Panipat and Sonipat Western Haryana Hisar, Sirsa and Haryana Plain Bhiwani [2.2.2) Southern Haryana Delhi, Gurgaon, Delhi U.T. and Plain Mahendragarh, Rewari Haryana [2.2.3) and Faridabad Arid Rajasthan Ghaggar Plain Ganganagar Rajasthan Plain [2.3.1] (2.3] Rajasthan Bagar Churu, Jhunjhunun, Rajasthan [2.3.2] Nagaur and Sikar Extremely Arid Bikaner and JaisaJmer Rajasthan Tract [2.3.3] Luni Valley Barmer, Jalor. Jodhpur Rajasthan [2.3.4] and Pali . Upper Ganga Northern Upper Bijnor, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh Plain Ganga Plain Meerut, Moradabad, [2.4] [2.4.1 ] Muzaffarnagar, Rampur, Saharanpur and Hardwar Southern Upper Aligarh, Agra. Firozabad. Uttar Pradesh Ganga Plain Bareilly, Budaun, [2.4.2] Bulandshahr, Etah, Etawah, Farrukhabad, Kheri, Mainpuri, Mathura, Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur 21 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Middle Ganga Middle Ganga Allahabad, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh Plain Plain-West Bara Banki, Faizabad, [2.5] [2.5.1] Fatehpur, Gonda, Hardoi, Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar, lucl Middle Ganga Azamgarh, Ballia, Mau, Uttar Pradesh Plain-East Siddharthnagar, Basti, [2.5.2) Deoria, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Varanasi, Jaunpur and Ghazipur Lower Ganga North Bihar Plain Pashchim Champaran, Bihar Plain [2.6.1] Purba Champaran, [2.6] . Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhepura, Saharsa, Araria, Kishanganj, Saran, Sitamarhi, Begusarai, Madhubani, Katihaf, Samastipur, Vaishali, Siwan and Gopalganj South Bihar Plain Bhagalpur, Gaya, Munger, Bihar [2.6.2) Khagaria, Patna, Bhojpur, Nalanda, Jehanabad, Nawada, Rohtas and Aurangabad Barind Tract Koch Bihar, Maldah and West Bengal [2.6.31 West Dinajpur Moriband Delta Murshidabad and Nadia West Bengal [2.6.4] Proper Delta Barddhaman, Calcutta, West Bengal [2.6.51. Hugli, Haara, North Twenty Four Parganas and South Twenty Four Parganas Rarh Plain Bankura, Birbhum and West Bengal [2.6.6] Medinipur Brahmaputra . Western Kokrajhar, Sarpeta, Assam Valley Brahmaputra Kamrup, Bongaigaon. [2.71 Valley Nalbari, Goalpara and (2.7.11 Dhubri 22 (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) ;',,1:, ' Central Darrang. Sonitpur, Assam Brahmaputra Nagaon and Marigaon Valley [2.7.2] Eastern Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Assam Brahmaputra Tinsukia, Sibsagar, Valley Dibrugarh, Jorhat and [2.7.3} Golaghat The Deccan Semi-Arid AravaHi Range end Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara, Rajasthan Plateau Rajasthan The Associated Chittaurgarh (Part), l3] [3.1 ] Uplands Dungarpur, [3.1.1] Jaipur, Sirohi and Udaipur Semi-Arid Uplands Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota, Rajasthan of Eastern Jhalawar, Tonk and Rajasthan pocket of Chittaurgarh [3.1.2} Banas-Chambal Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Rajasthan Basin Sawai Madhopur [3.1.3J Uttar Pradesh Jhansi Uplands Banda, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Uplands [3.2.1] Jalaun, Lalitpur [3.2J and Jhansi Mirzapur Uplands Mirzapur and Sonbhadra Uttar Pradesh [3.2.2J Bihar-West Ranchi Plateau Palamu, Ranchi, Gumia Bihar Bengal Uplands [3.3.1] and Lohardaga [3.3] Hazaribag Plateau Dhanbad, Hazaribag, "Bihar [3.3.2] Giridih, Dumka, Oaoghar, Godda and Sahibganj Puruliya Uplands Puruliya West Bengal [3.3.3J Singhbhum Plateau Pashchimi Singhbhum Bihar [3.3.4} and Purbi Singnbhum Northern Northern Madhya Bhind, Datia; Guna, Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Ravine Gwalior, Morena and Pradesh Uplands-West Shivpuri Uplands [3.4.1} {3.4] 23 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Northern Madhya dhfi.atarpur, Panna and Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands- Tikamgarh Central [3.4.2] Northern Madhya Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands- Sidhi and Surguja East [3.4.31 Central Sagar Plateau Damoh, Sagar Madhya Pradesh Madhya [3.5.11 and Vidisha Pradesh PI.ateau {3.51 Bhopal Plateau Dewas, Indore, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh [3.5.2J Bhopal and Sehore Ratlam Plateau Ohar, Jhabua, Mandsaur. Madhya Pradesh [3.5.3] Ratlam. Rajgarh, Shajapur and Ujjain _. Southern Narmada Region Balaghat, Betul, Madhya Pradesh Madhya including Flanks of Chhindwara, Hoshangabad, Pradesh Vindhya and Jabatpur, West Nimar, Uplands Satpura East Nimar, Mandla, [3.6] {3.6.1 ] Nar$imhapur and Seani Mahanadi Basin Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, Madhya Pradesh [3.6.2] Raj Nandgaon and Raipur Madhya Pradesh Bastar Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya [3.6.3J Northern Tapti-Purna Amravati, Akola, Buldana, Maharashtra Maharashtra Valley Dhule and Jalgaon [3.7] [3.7.1 ] Wardha Penganga Bhandara, Chandrapur, Maharashtra Wainganga Plain Gadchiroli, Nagpur. [3.7.2J Wardha and Yavatmal Maharashtra Eastern Plateau Aurangabad, Jalna, Latur, Maharashtra Plateau [3.8.1 ) Bid, Kolhapur, Nanded, [3.6) Osmanabad, Parbhani, Sangli and Solapur 24 (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) Western Plateau Ahmadnagar. Nashik. Maharashtra with protruded Pune and Satara Hills [3.8.2] Karnataka Northern 8elgaum, Bidar, Bijapur Karnataka Plateau Karnataka Plateau and Gulbarga [3.9] {3.9.1] Central Karnataka Bellary, Chikmagalur, Karnataka Plateau Raichur, Chitradurga. [3.9.2J Dharwad, ShiJ110ga and pocket of Tumkur Southern Bangalore Rural, Karnataka Karnataka Plateau Bangalore Urban, Kodagu, [3.9.3] Hassan, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore and Tumkur (part) Tamil Nadu Eastern Flanks of Coimbatore, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Uplands Sahyadri Nilgiri, Dindigul-Anna [3.10] (3.10.1] and Periyar Tamil Nadu Tiruvannamalai, !' Ta:Tlil Nadu Uplands Sambuvarayar, [3.10.2] North Areot Ambedkar, Dharmapuri and Salem Andhra Godavari Karimnagar, Khammam Andhra Pradesh Plate_au Depression and Warangal " (3,1,11 [3.11.1] Telangana Plateau Adilabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh [3.11.21 Medak, Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad and Rangareddi Krishna Piedmont Nalgonda Andhra Pradesh Plain [3.11.3] Rayalaseema Anantapur, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh [3.11.41 Cuddapah and Kurnool 2S (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) Orissa Northern Orissa Dhenkanal, Kendujhar, Orissa Highlands Highla~s Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur [3.12] [3.12.1] and Sundargarh Southern Orissa Phulabani, Balangir, Orissa Highlands (Orissa Ganjam, Kalahandi Dandakaranya) and Koraput (3.12.2J The Coastal Gujarat Region Gujarat Plain Ahmadabad, Bharuch, Gujarat. Plains and [4.1 ] [4.1.1] Banas Kantha, Dadra & Nagar Islands Gandhinagar, Kheda, Haveli U.T. and [4] Mahesana, Sabar Kantha, Daman & Surat, Vadodara, Valsad, Diu U.T. Daman and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Eastern Hilly Panch Mahals and Gujarat Region The Dangs -.: [4.1.2] Kathiawar Amreli, Bhavnagar. Gujarat and Peninsula Jamnagar. Junagadh, Daman & Diu U.T. [4.1.3] Surendranagar, Rajkot and Diu Kachchh Peninsula Kachchh Gujarat [4.1.4] Western Maharashtra Greater Bombay, Maharashtra Coastal Region Littoral Raigarh, Ratnagiri, [4.2) [4.2.1) Sindhudurg and Thane Goa Coast North Goa and Goa [4.2.2) South Goa Karnataka Coast Uttara Kannada and Karnataka (4.2.3] Dakshina Kannada North Kerala Coast Kasaragod, Kannur, Kerala and [4.2.4] Kozhikode, Wayanad Pondicherry U.T. and Mahe Central Kerala Ernakulam, Kottayam, Kerala Coast Idukki, Malappuram, [4.2.5] Palakkad and Thrissur 26 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) South Kerala Coast Alappuzha, Kerala [4.2.6] Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam Eastern Kanniyakumari Kanniyakumari Tamil Nadu Coastal Region Coast [4.3} [4.3.1] Sandy Littoral Pasumpon Muthu Tamil Nadu [4.3.2] Ramalinga Thevar, Ramanathapuram, Kamarajar, Chidambaranar and Tirunelveli Kattabomman Coromandel Coast Chengalpattu M.G.R., Tamil Nadu [4.3 .. 3] Madras, Thanjavur, Tiruehirappalli, South Areot, Pudukkottai, Karaikal and Pondieherry Pondieherry U. T. Southern Andhra Nellore and Prakasam Andhra Pradesh Coastal Plain [4.3.4] Krishna Delta Guntur and Krishna Andhra Pradesh [4.3. S] Godavari Delta East Godavari, West Andhra Pradesh and [4.3.6] Godavari and Yanam Pondicherry U.T. Northern Andhra Srikakulam, Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh Coastal Plain and Visakhapatnam [4.3.7] Mahanadi Delta Baleshwar, Cuttack Orissa [4.3.8] and Puri The Islands Andaman and Andamans and Nicobars Andaman and [4.41 Nicobar Islands Nicobar Islands U. 1. [4.4.1} Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Lakshadweep U.T. {4.4.2) 27 PART -II REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF ASSAM REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF ASSAM The state of Assam is located in the north-east comer of the Indian Union between the latitudes of 24° 13' 00" and 28° 0' 1)0" North and the longitudes of 89° 46' DO"and 96° 04' 00" East (Approx). The word Assam is of modell origin. In the Hindu epics and in Pauranik and Tantrik literatures there are pumerous references to 3ncient Assam, known as Pragjyotishpur in the Mahabharata and as Kamrupa in rne Puranas and Tantras. Prior to the invasion of the Ahoms, who consolidated an empire on this land and ( hanged their socia-poW ical environment, this land was known as Pragyotishpura or the city of eastern lights. Ancient Pragjyotis:,pura came to be known ultimately as Kamrupa in the medieval age. Assam is the rflodern nomenclature fc,r the slate which under the Ahoms rule came to be called 'Asama' which means ;Jeerless' - used to describe the invincible might of the Ahoms. Another opinion about the origin of this name is that this relates to the uneven terrain and the scenic grandeur "without a peer," a very apt description of ~he geography of this ancient land. Some of the historians opine that the term Asom or \ssam is the corrupt frem of the word 'Aham' who had an absolute authority over the land for about 600 lears It is bounded t y Bhutan in the north, Arunachal Pradesh in the north and north-east; state of Nagaland and ManipuJ in the east, Mizoram in the south, Tripura , Meghalaya , West-Bengal and Bangladesh in the west and south west respectively. The present administrative boundary of Assam covers an area of 78438.00 sq.kms. of which 77667.99 sq.kms. are rural and 770.01 sq.kms. urban. The state has a population of 224143~'2 persons of which 19926527 are rural and 2487795 urban. Assam as a wMole is composed of a combination of both hills and plains. It has been bounded by lofty hil~ ranges all three sides except in the west with a small opening that links it to the great Ganga valley. Due to the presence o~ hills, plains and river valleys, the general appearance of the state is very much picturque. The most do,ninating feature in the topography of Assam is the course of the river Brahmaputra. It has carved I)ut its own valley between two parallel ranges, the Arunachal Himalayas in the north and the Central Assam Range, oatter known as the Shillong Ptateau in the south. To the south ~ast of the Shillong plateau, there lies another beautiful green patch of land, small but very fertile known as the Barak valley. The entire state is divded into five micro regions on the basis of topography, geology, soil, forests and climate. These regions are as follows :_ 2.71 _. Wes'!ern Brahllaputra Valley:- covers the districts of Kokrajhar, 8ongaigaon, Dhubri, Goaipara, Kamrup, Nalbari and Barpeta. 2.7.2 . Central Brahmaputra Valley:~ covers the districts of Darrang, Sonitpur, Nagaon and Marigaon 2.7.3 . Eastern Brahmaputra Valley :- covers the districts of Lakhimpur, Ohemaji, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Sibsagar, Golaghat and JorhaL t5.7 - Cachar Plain - covers Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi districts. 1.5,8.- Karbi Anglon{1 and North Cachar Hills:- covers the entire areas of these two districts. 31 Physiographically the western Brahmaputra valley (2.7.1.) is a unique region. In its northern ooundary lie the folded ranges of the Himalayas and towards its south lies the senile Shillong plateau. In fact, southern part of the region, south of the Brahmaputra, is gagged with outflanked spurs of the plateau. Some of the outliers are found even undertained across the river and reappears as isolated monadnocks, like the hills in-and- around North Guwahati, Hajo, and Jogighopa . The northern area along the foothills has a gritty and pebbly Bhabar soil. Many ephemeral streams that come down with torrential currents from the Bhutan hills lose their way over these coarse soils and flow underground to reappear a few kms. south. Many such neighbouring streams contribute to a local master stream which flows down south for a certain distance over the north !-(amrup and Bongaigaon alluvial plain. But before such a river can reach the Brahmaputra, j(:. encounters the latter's levee and hence takes a westward course parallel to the Brahmaputra and ultimalely reaches it through local depressions. Thus it can be seen that many of the north bank tributaries in this region open into the Brahmaputra through the Manas river at the district's western limit. The Brahmaputra depicting a characteristics of maturity gives vent to the origin of sand Islands due to its heavy deposition down the river, The islands commonly known as 'Char' though very often loss their existencE~ are very fertile and often stands a discord among its dwellers who inCidently are the migrants. Near Terai conditions prevail in the northern foothills over the Bhabar soils. Dense forests and tall (lrasses grow over it. The middle-plain is intensively used for cultivation. The Brahmaputra banks and 'Chars" have swampy 'vegetations. On the south bank, the foothills are the store-house of valuable 'Sal' and 'Teak' trees. The re'1ion is agriculturally rich. Forest resources are also immense. The burning problem Jf this land is to tame fhe turbulent rivers that come down from the hills in the north causing enonnous .' .. devastation to life, property and crops every year. Against these odds this region produce enough rice, jute, vegetables which indicates that agriculture is the mainstay of the region's economy. The industrial development has been mainly confined to Kamrup district only, Guwahati city, because of its central location, has been able to attract various industries, big and small, like saw mills, flour mills, medicine factories, light engineering industries etc. ·Besides, an oil Refinery in Dhaligaon, about 8 kms. away from Bongaigaon town another at guwahati, polyester spinning mills one at Manikpur in Bongaigaon district and the other at Tihu in Nalban district are also located in this region. Moreover, a match factory at Dhubfl and a paper mill at Jogighopa are also located which have however, been closed by now due to certain problems. Timber milling is an important industry based on forest resources of Bhutan and Meghalay;~ foothills. Weaving of the traditionally famous Assamese silk, Muga and Endi is mainly found in Sualkuchi, Soko, Plasbari and Chhaygaon regions in Kamrup district. Bell-metal work is a traditional profession (if a section of people of Sarthebari in Nalbari district and is known for its exquisite craftsmanship The :::;ental Brahmaputra valley (2.7.2.) covers the districts of Nagaon, Marlgaon, Dararng and Sonitpur. PhysiographlCally, Darrang a~d Sonitpur districts may be divided in to three belts .. the northern foot-hills belts. central plains and the Brahmaputra flood plains, The Marigaon district is surrounded by the Shillong plateau on the south - west, while towards its north lies the Brahmaputra river. The plain under Nagaon and Marigaon districts is more or less bowl-shaped being encircled in three sides by the plateau, Even along the Brahmaputra river, outliers of the Shillong plateau found standing as isolated monadnocks. This is truly a saucer -shaped plain created mainly by the Kopili river and its tributaries. Floods in these rivers and subsequenc silting render the Nagaon plain one of the most fertile areas in the state. 32 Climatically this area stands out distinctively among the districts in the state. lying north-east of the ShlIIong plateau its comes under the leeward 'side of the south-west monsoon, resulting the lowest average annual rainfall in the state. The deficiency in rainfall warrants irrigation for efficient agriculture. The average annual rainfall is lesser. in the Darrang & Sonitpur districts than that of the Eastern Brahmaputra valley but higher than that of Nagaon and Marigaon districts. The soils too differ from belt to belt. The foothills belt has coarse soils mixed with boulders and pebbles. Dense forests of valuable timbers lie here while cane and tall grasses grow in the low-lying areas. The central low lying areas of Nagaon and Marigaon districts have marshy vegetations where the water hyacinth is notOriously common. Tall grasses like reeds and casuarinas plants are common along the Brahmaputra river. The region has remarkable agricultural potentiality. Tea is a large scale industry in Darrang and Sonitpur districts and also partly in the Nagaon district. The Eastem Brahmaputra Vatley (2.7.3.) covers the districts of Sibsagar, Jorhal, Gofaghat, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, lakhimpur and Dhemaji. Physiographically, the greater part of the valley is mainly a flat alluvial plain formed by the Brahmaputra and its tributaries such as the Subansiri, the Dihing, the Dibang, the Dikhow and the Dhansiri rivers. The northern part falls under lakhimpur and Ohemaji district and is known as foot hills plain. The Brahmaputra after deboushing from the Himalayas took the name Dihing and joins another stream called the Dibong coming from the north.Another stream, luhit, from the east joins the two former rivers at Brahmakunda, a very famous religious spot for Hindus near Sadiya and this combined water ta~es the name of. Brahmaputra and flows down in a south-west direction creating Majuli the biggest river Island in the world midway at Jorhat district about 200 kms. down the. trijuncture. The whole valley depicts a general incUnation towards the Brahmaputra from roth sides. Hill slopes of old undulating alluviums, coupled with favourable climatic and pedologic conditions make it the most important area for growing tea in the world. The general climate of the area is of damp, cool and semi-equatorial type. Some dilluvium with grit and pebbles are found In the fringe areas along the hills. Evergreen, Semi;.Evergreen and Wet Deciduous forests are common. RE~S and tall grasses are found along the riverine areas. The portion in between the diluvial fringes and the Brahmaputra Bank is thickly populated. Rice is abundantiy grown here. EconomicaUy, rt is one of the most important region in the state. All the oil fields of the state and coal mines are located here. There are some rich deposits of lime stone in the Karbi Anglong border. The region also has more. than three quarters of the tea gardens of Assam. Its agricultural richness is not confined to tea alone. Both rice and sugarcane are abundantly grown here. The mighty Brahmaputra very often plays havoc by Inundating large areas and eroding thousands of acres of land making lakhs of people homeless, damaging crops, destroying lives and properties. The erosion by the Brahmaputra near Dihrugarh and around Majuli threatens their existence annually. Industrially, the area is fairly well developed. Apart from the oldest oil Refinary at Digboi the headquerters of Oil and Natural Gas Commission is founctioning at Nazira, Oil India and Assam Gas company at Duliajan, fertilizer factory namely, Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Ltd. at Namrup and Assam petro-chemicaJ ltd. at Parbatpur are some of the important example of industrialization of the region. A large number of saw mills, flour mills and plywood industries are also scattered throughout this region. A co-operative suger mill is located at Barna Bamungaon about 4 kms. away from Dergaon . The power station based on Natural Gas at Naharkatiya has given a new impetus to industrial growth in the area. All these factors together have given this region a unique geographical personality of its own, distinct from that of any other area of the state. 33 The Cachar Plain ( 1.5.7.) covers the Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi districts. This plain is bordered in the north by North Cachar hills (Barail Range) and Jaintia hills along Meghalaya border, in the east by the Manipur hills and in the south by the Mizo hills (covering Mizoram & Tripura) and is contiguous to the Bangladesh in the west. The region is a heterogeneous one composed of high hills inter- oven with low lands and level plains. The plain has been created by the headward cutting of the hills and subsequent deposition by the Barak river and its tributaries. The dilluvial fringe of the plain is filled with loose talus which are borne by the rivers during the period of high rainfall. Being surrounded by ranges of hills, the heat in this part of the valley usually becomes decidedly oppressive associated with excessive humidity. The rainy season is characterised with heavy moisture while the winter is mild like other parts in the Brahmaputra valley. Flood is a problem here also. Due to raising of the beds by excessive deposition above the surroundings annual floods are caused on both the Kushiyara and Barak rivers. As a result many depressions t'emain water logged even after the flood which causes extreme damage to crops and habitations. Agriculturally. the Cachar plain is a rich one. Hill slopes are usually clad with deep forests. Some of them are cleared for tea plantations. The central alluvial plain is particularly devoted to rich rice crops and the low lying areas to jute cultivation. Industrially, the region is poorly developed. Cane works in these districts are famous allllver the country. A paper mill is situated at Panchgram near Badarpur town. The old sugar mill at Ratabari if, however,closed down due to some problems. The Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills (1.5.8.) region covers the districts of Karbi Anglong and North Cachar hills. Ph'fsiographically, it is a mass of rugged hills interoven with some elongated plains formed by the Jamuna and the Kopili rivers mostly under Karbi Anglong district. The rivers are very much tarbulant with rocky beds and suddenly come down in spate after a heavy shower. The majority of the population are scheduled tribes who prefer forest for their habitation and practice "jhum" or shifting cultivation. Jhuming has destroyed a substantial amount of the original natural vegetations giving raise to uneconomic mixed fomsts which have a low timber value. This region is indUstrially backward. However, there is a cement factory at Bokajan in Karbi-Anglong district based upon the lime-stone deposits in the district The pioneer dmatologist, Dr. W. Koppen has recognized the climate of the Ganga Brahmaputra basin as "humid meso-thermal-Gangetic type" (c w g ). The climate of the state may be divided into four distinct seasons, (a) winter, (b) pre-monsoon or summer, (c) monsoon and (d) retreating monsoon basing . upon its location on the graticles, topography, prevailing winds and the height above mean sea level. The winter SEason ranges from December to late February. The pre-monsoon weather is characterized by a rapid rise of temperature, the vanishing fog and occasional thunder showers. The monsoon climate is ch aracterized by cloudy weather, very high atmospheric humidity and weak variable surface winds. It continues from June and ends at September. Annual average rainfall is higher in eastern districts and in Cachar district comparing to other districts. Retreating monsoon begins from October. The temperature gradually falls; but the diurnal range increases from 2.8°C to 5.6° C. 34 The geological formation of Assam which depicts the various types of rocks and soils is a gradual process of evolution. The most part·of the Assam valley traces its origin to the tonnation of the Himalayas during the Tertiary era, except the Karbi-Anglong and N.C. Hills districts areas which are the extension of the old Gondwana rock which acts as a wedge thwarting the further southward extension of the Middle Brahmaputra valley. Assam is very earthquake prone since it falls under the earthquake zone of the Himalayan belt. Occurance of earthquake of high intensity is, of course, rare in this part of the country. The earthquake of 1897 and 1950 were two major ones that caused loss of lives and properties and also notable change on the earth-crust in the recent time. Assam is primarily an agricultural state where 88.90 percent of its inhabitants are living in rural areas. Agriculture is the backbone of the state's economy providing food for the people and local employment opportunities . Trade and commerce and industry play the secondary role in the economy structure of the state. The method of cultivation in the plain districts of Assam is more or less similar to the 311 India pattern. The most striking feature of the agriculture of Assam is its low productivity inspite of its high poten!iality . Paddy ;s the staple food crop while jute and tea are the important cash crops. In jute :;ultivation it stands second only to west Bengal. Other important crops are rape, pulses, mustard, sugarcane, wheat and tobacco etc. The rich physical beauty of Assam has been enhanced manifolds by the green tea gardens miles after miles showering a cool fragrance as fresh as a buddling flower and as lovely as a newly wed maid. Most of the districts in upper Assam and rlistricts in the Barak valley have this unique feature of nature's beauty. Assam has rich mineral resources, like petroleum, coal and limestone which have lately been exploited on a commnfcial scale. Coal is found in two districts of Tinsukia and Dibrugarh having stratigraphical horizons - Gondwana formation and Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. Important coal fields in the state are the Makum, Jaipur, and Nazira coal fields. Oil is found in sedimentary rocks. Deposits of limestone are concentrated specially in Karbi-Anglong district. Assam is rich in her forest resources also but the latest unscientific exploitation of them has dwindled their vastness to an unexpected level. It is one of the important source of state's economy. There are five types of forest in the state. They are:- (1) Tropical Evergreen forests - found in Golaghat. Jorhal, Sibsagar, Tinsukia, and Dhemaji districts. (2) 'Sal' forests in Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup and Goalpara districts, . (3) Mixed deciduous forests in lower Assam as a belt between high land Savannah forest and 'Sal' forests in the plains (4) Riverine forests - found in the northern piedmont zone along the main river banks from the Sankosl1 river in the west to the eastern boundary of the Darrang district and (5) Savannah type forests oc£ur in well drained high lands. Despite of richness in natural resources the state is not so developed to the desired extent in the industrial sector. A semi-secluded location, moderately developed transport and communications, small local market, lack of sufficient capital and paucity of skilled and un-skilled labourers are the important factors of its underdevelopment. Tea and refining of oil are the only front running industries in the state. Removal of the above mentioned drawbacks may bring a bright future for the state. Guwahati by virtue of . its central location has been able to attract various industries, such as light engineering industries, food processing plants etc. Apart from tea, coal and oil industries, some of the Industries with a Significance of their own are plywood industry, saw mills, jute and sugar mills, paper and pulp etc. can flourish even at a 3S slight impetus from the govt. Some of the traaitional old industries such as handloom weaving, sericulture and bell metal industries are still in existence and have a good focal market in Assam. - The average density of population of Assam is 286 persons per sq. km. which varies strikingly uneven under the influence of various factors such as productivity of soils. climate, topography, industrial development, urbanizaticn, etc. As per 1991 census, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes constitute 7.40 percent and 12.82 percent respectively to the total population of the state. The total population of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are 1659412 and 2874441 respectively. It IS interesting to note that the proportion of scheduled castes is slightly higher in urban areas than In rural areas, the percentage being 9.22 in urban and 7.18 in rural areas. But the same is reverse in case of scheduled tribes. Thn overwhelming majority of the scheduled tribes 'is found in rural areas, where they Gonstitute 13.94 percent of the total rural population of the state as compared to only 3.90 percent in urban areas. The literacy ratE~ of the state is 52.89 percent (excluding ()..6 age group), where the male literacy is 61.87 percent and the fE!male literacy is 43.03 percent. The average ~rcentage of main workers in age 15-59 in the state is 49.23 in 1991. The highest of them found in Dhemaji district (78.83) and the lowest in Dibrugarh district (30.50) . Within the broadframe of regions as detinerated at the district level with five micro regions, viz., (1.5.7) Cachar plain, (1.5.8.) Karbi-Anglong and North Cachar Hills, (2.7.1.) western Brahmaputra valley, (2.7.2.) Central Brahmaputra vatley and (2.7.3.) Eastern Brahmaputra valley, the entire state has been further delineated in to 79 sub-micro regions as follows. Further details of these sub-micro regions are given in part ,- III of th,s volume. These regions may serve a step further in the planning process of the districts in particular and the state in general, for integrating the multi-level development programme of the state. Micro Regions with Districts with code Sub-Micro Regions with Code No. Code No. No. ( Fourth Tier Regions) 1 2 3 1.5. Eastern Hill Zone 1.5.7. Cachar Plain 23 Cachar 1.5.7 .1. Barail Range. 1.5.7.2. Barak Valley North. 1.5.7.3. Barak Valley South. 1.5.7.4. Bhairabi-Bhuban Hilly Region. 36 22 Hailakandi 1.5.7.1. Barak VaHey South 1.5.7.2. Bhairabi-Bhuban Hilly Region. 21 Karimganj 1.5.7.1 Barak Valley South 1.5.7.2. Bhairabi-Bhuban Hilly Region. 1.5.8. 19 Karbi-Anglong 1.5.8.1. Karbi Plateau Karbi-Anglong 1.5.8.2. Jamuna Plain and North Cachar Hills 1.5.8.3. Diphu Forested Hills 1.5.8.4 . Nambar Forest. 1.5.8.5. Bhoi Region. 1.5.8.6. Karbi Hills. 1.5.8.7. Kopili Plain. 20 North Cachar 1.5.8.1 Cachar Hills West Hills 1.5.8.2. Cachar Hills East 1.5.8.3. Barail Range . ").7. Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.1. Western Brahmaputra 01 Dhubri 2.7.1.1. GoIokganj - Bijni Plain. Valley 2.7.1.2. Baukumori Bairaberchura Hills Tract 2.7.1.3 Brahmaputra Flood Plain 02 Kokrajhar 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain 2.7.1.2. Golokganj-Bijni Plain 2.7.1.3. Baukumori- Bairaberch ura Hills Tract. 03 Bongaigaon 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain. 2.7.1.2. GoIokganj-Bijni Plain. 2.7.1.3 Baukumori Bairaberchura Hills Tract. 2.7.1.4 Brahmaputra Flood Plain 37 04 Goalpara 2.7.1.1. Brahmaputra flood plain 2.7.1.2 Andharmua-Ajaghar HiJJs Tract. 2.7.1.3 Dudhnai Basin 05 Barpeta 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain. 2.7.1.2. Sorbhog-Barpeta Low Land 2.7.1.3 Nalbari-Rangia plain 2.7.1.4. Brahmaputra Flood plain. 06 Nalbari 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills plain. 2.7.1.2 Sorbhog-Barpeta low land. 2.1.7.3 Nalbari-Rangia Plain 2.7.1.4 Brahmaputra Flood Plain. 07 Kamrup 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain 2.7.1.2 Nalbari-Rangia Plain. 2.7 .. 1.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain. 2.7.1.4. Southern Forested Hills. 2.72 08Darrang 2.7.2.1. Northern Foot Hills Central Plain Brahmaputra 2.7.2,2. Central Plain. Valley 2.723. Brahmaputra Flood Plain. 09 Sonitpur 2.7.2.1. Northern Foot Hills. 2.7 .2.2 Nagaon Region 2.7.2.3. Kapili Jamuna Region. 2.7.2.4. Lumding Forested Region. 2.7.3 Easterm Brahmaputra Valley 10 Lakhimpur 2.7.3.1 Foot Hills Plain 2.7.3.2. Sibansiri Plain 2.7.3.3. Brahmaputra Food plain 11 Dhemaji 2.7.3.1. Foot Hills Plain 2.7.3.2. Subansiri Plain 2.7.3.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain. 38 14 Galaghat 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain. 2.7.3.2. Jarhat Plain. 2.7.3.3. Nambar Forest. 15 Jorhat 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain 2.7.3.2. Jorhal Plain 2.7.3.3. Sibsagar Plain 2.7.3.4. Geleki-Abhayapur Forest Region 16 Sibsagar 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain 2.7.3.2. Sibsagar Plain 2.7.3.3. Geleki-Abhayapur Forest Region 17 Dibrugarh 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain 2.7.3.2. Dibrugarh Plain 2.7.3.3. Upper Dihing Forest Region. 18 Tinsukia 2.7. 3.1. Dibang-Lohit-Interfluvs 2.7.3.2. Brahmaputra Flood Plain. 2.7.3.3. Dibrugarh Plain 2.7.3.4. Doomdooma - Margherita Region 2.7.3.5. Upper - Dihing Forest Region. ------x ---- 39 ~..~ r---~.•;------~.~~------~.~------~ ... :: .~ .~ :;! p E '",• 'ID ...... *11 'I'" .,. '::» ',., '.., .. H -. ~".. 'N S3a~7 ",'# .. ON.,S '\ 'N c .. 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Q III < - °i e') "~l w- ::t: lID L. ~J ) fl) ( ) -~ ~ \ ') ." 0>r _J 'n N iLl L_L ___ - 0: N .. " ) '. '" 60 PART -III REGIONAL, DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS DISTRICT CACHAR , " ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) eachar district is situated between 24° 22' 00" and 25° 08' 45" North latitudes and 92° 24' 30" and 93° 16' 15" Eas't 10ngitude$.The district is bounded on the north by the North C~char Hills district and the state of Meghalaya, on tfte'east by the state of Manipur, on the south by the state of Mizoram and on the west by the districts of Hailakandi and Karimganj and partly by Bangladesh. The ~istrict covers an area of 3786.00 sq.km. of which 3769.92 sq.km are rural and 16.08 sq.kms. urban. It has' a population of 1215385 persons (1096161 rural and 119224 urban). Thedensity of population is 321persq.km., , "', .:, The district is divided into five revenue circles, namely, Katigora, Silchar, Udarbond, Lakhipur and Sonai, There are tWo 'towns; namely, Silchar and Lakhipur. Silcharis the district headquarters. Cachar distrtcf is ~l heterogeheous land composed of hills, plains and lowland displaying an ' extremely picturesque,general appearance! On the north the lofty Baraif ranges, with forest-clad siq.~s are seamed with beautifuI'1~ndScapesi·oceCisionaIlY spHHng-over to the Barak valley in the.south; The Bhuban range, a continuation of the'Mizo hills on the eastern frontier covers a considerable area and rises in places to over 900 metres above the mean sea level. The Barak valley alOng which the river Barak (Qr Surama ) flows from e~~tJq,'Nest is the heart of the district embanked on both sides bY"ttlese HIDswith an opening on the west aruJ gradually ;tapering down towards east. To the south much of the area is sti" 'covered with primeval forestWhife' the higher lands 'in'the north ar:e pl~nted with tea, the lowrands are covered with rich crops of waving rice. Scattered swaITIPs and'bils ,with clumps' of elephant grass an~ reeds land variety to the view. Thick villages covered with groves of slender areca nut and feathery bamboos growing around the year are a common sight in the valley. Being enCircled by ranges of hills on three sides, the he~t can become decidedly oppressive during certain seasons of the year. The rainfall is extremely heavy.and temperature is considerably-high during sumr'ner,bl,d the winter is mild. The rainy Season ranges 'from May , to October and the cold seascao from November to the end of February. ,'" ;::: '. The sOilsC:ofthe district are not much different from'those of the Brahmaputra valley, except • • . c) ;-',' ~ . vanatlons. They fall under the sub-groups of Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents (18,),' OChfep~,~ Orthents (72) and Ochrepts -- Aquepts - Fluvents (85). Tea, ripe an~.J4(e are the main crQPs~~tthejdistriGt. Rice. is the " staple food of the inhabitants. Fishes are commonly found in bils, ponds and rivers and make the part of the ' local delicacy. ' , ' Geologically, the district is composed of Barail group, Dihing and Dupitila group, Jaintia and Disang group and Tipam and Surma group of rocks. Alluvium rocks are also found concentrated in alluvial plain. Industrially, the district is not so developed. Tea industry is the only large scale industry which has a bearing on the economic development of the district. Cane industry of Cachar is famous for its finer products and is a good source of economic earning of the district. Small scale industries like doll making, pottery making etc. are also found in the district. Silchar is an important town which is the district headQuarters also. 63 The transport and communication facilities are also moderately developed. National Highways NO.53 and 54, a state highway, a few imPortant metaJJed roads, a railway line (metre gauge) etc. criss· ~ross the district providing inter and intra district facilites of surface communication. Silchar is also connected by air with other parts of the country. The district of the Cachar belongs to Cachar Plain (1.5.7.) which is divided into four sub·micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, sqil, topography, cljmate and natural vegetations. \. '. ' ····1.5}.1. BaraiJ Range: ThiSJegion covers norrti~~nd easterri!p~rts of the district, occupying 215 villages 'and is entirely rural. It has a population of 850~;~ns. n~ts an entirely uneven topography with rows of hills with slender thin valleys covered b,;ylrgin forestS; ~NOi1h Cachar and Barail Reserved Forest, are located in this region. The important rivers of the region are the Balichara, the Larang. the Dalu, the Labak and the Chiri etc., which are short, torrential and mosUy non-parannial in nature. Geologically the region is composed of the Barail, Jaintia, Disang and Tipam and Surrna groups of rocks. 1,5.7.2. Barak Valley North :. The region spreads between the Barail Range region and the Barak Valley South region, occupying 387 villages. This region tbo, ;s entirely rural. It has a population of 467407 persons. It is an alluvial plain occasionally dotted with some isolated hills scattered here and there. The Jatinga is the principal river whicb ,flows through the region. Other rivers of the region are the Surma, the Dalu, the Madhura, the Lobak and the Chiri. The Barak river is the southern boun~ary of the region. The transport facilities are moderately developed in this region. Its geology is mainly of alluvial origin. 1.5.7.3. Barak Valley South: This region spreads overthe central part of ,the district, occupying 381 villages and 2 towns, namely, Silchar and Lakhipur.lt has a population of 619855 persons of which 500631 are rural and 119224 urban. The region is a fertile plain of alluvium origin, dotted with low sand stone hillocks. The Barak is the principal river where small tributaries join from both sides. No important reserved forest worth the name is located here Human settlemenf'is compact in nature. 1,5.7,4. Bhairabi Bhuban Hilly Region: The region covers southern and eastem parts of the district. occupying 67 villages but no urban centre. The region has a population of 43096 persons. As the name implies itrcis a hilly region composed of spurs spill-over from the Mizo hills in the south and south-east on part. The entire topography is mostly covered with evergreen forests. The Barak river flows by the eastern :lart of the region. Other important drainages of the region are the Sonai and the Rukni. Geologically, the formations of the region belong to Tipam and Surma group of rocks . ••••• _-.--- X ---- 64 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 17 AllAM ,CACHAR DISTRICT CENSU8 CODE Z3 R$IONAL DlY111OH1 CACIWI DII1RICT ~."""L1M1-M "''''''_ hZl • JOKa. 1. Oolu Grillt l. 8 ... Iludp.t ~ Grilli 3. AnoIIik.pur • X 4, K.fhll Gron' 5. Bh ... Mhoi "'onl " Silk",; Gr . nl 7, Uud P.liI • V I. I.. SOILS GEOLOGY Ka. 0 za kII. L..-.--.I BOUNDARY . INTERNAllONAl...... •. ' _. _._ ~ ... ~%~~("' _~ : ,''':', - : ~.,_-. ~. " STAT[,., ...• , . ••.•.• ' . _ .. _ •• _ "'" •. 72 . •• ' . • . f ...... / DISTRICT .... , ...... ' . ,_._._._ ,JI" ':"':" " . , . II ' ~5 'f:.1 REVENUE (IRCLE . , . , , , , , .• , ___ ._._ RESERVED FOREST Wm! NAHL .:: ~·IIIi.~ , ~i. . I .). ": . .' ,'t. tSJ.t BARAIL RANGE VilLAGE HAVING SOO O AND ABOVE Il0l0 Grant t.S.7.2 BA RA K VALLEY NOR TH POPULA TlON WIlH NAME ... •.•.•... , •. (\. ". ,:: ...i~ '_', . . ., 1.5.7.3 BARAK VALLEY SOUTH UR BAN AREA ...... ' . • , ' • , : ...•. .' 1\ • • , . \ 1.5,.7.4 BHAIRABI • SHoeAN : .~ • ' • t NAT I ~AL HIGHWAY. , ...... •. • , . , • , , lilt ~) :./...... ~ HILL Y RE UlOIi STA TE HIGHWAY , . .. • .. . ..•.....• ' , SH '. OHlER It'lPORT AHT ROAD , •.• , .•.... , . _..."..._ ItS RAILWAY LINE WITH STATIOIoi. t'lETRE IiAUIiE . H I Jill ...... o ALLVVtuH RIVER AND STREAM.,., . •. " " "'" . _~ ~ DHNG " DiJl'IT'.A CiIIOlI' REGIONAL OIVI SIOH, .• , , •• • , ..••• . ' ." 15.7.1 USTALfS • O(HRVTS • IIRTHfNTS E:::l '1'1 ... ,", laduling p.liae I 110 MA(RO. ______'~ . 4.... r:t TFAIt " SURI'tA IiIIOUP MESO. ______~ I I1t«tnI eJdlMln9 potolllll I OC IIIV'TS • IIITIIHTS HI(RD, ______u.._ OCIfIEPl S • AIlUIPTS • fLUVENTS mmn ,AAAIl 1ill0UP Ul1illJ IOU'...... " ElK,n, I sua · ""RO. lrilTH 8OUNOARY ___ _ L fZi§§ ~T'" " IIISANG GROUP ( Rnd the sequinci 01 rlilionil division5 with rlr.rlncr 10 till III Indii 1IIif1 code$ up to 3 ti~r . I Urban Are •. RU.llllle Circle and Reurved Fl)j'ut boundaries shown IlII till IIIj1 arl , lI~tiqn • . DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: CACHAR STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 23 I~--~-'----- i ' No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) I District I Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) I I in each Region : I I- -- I I 1991 T R R U ---- U r 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P==f __2= I I , I 1 57.1 215 - - -- 85027 85027 83rail Range c A 1 5.7.2 387 - - 467407 467407 - I - I 8arak Valley i\jorth c I I H 1 5.7.3 381 2 Towns Barak Valley 1. Silchar (M.B.) - I - 16.08 619855 500631 119224 South I 2. Lakhipur (T.C.) I I A I - I R 15.7.4 67 - - - 43096 43096 Bhairabi BhL ban I Hilly Region I t i L___ L___ _ 67 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: CACHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 23 - 51. Divisio n No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Rema", ~ No Na me Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional (village Code No as per 1 1991 villages and Division in 1991) I in R.C. Towns in Sq.Km Division 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ~1~1 15.7 1 , I Barail Range Katigora 38,39,43 to 47,55,60, 42 1 to 37,40 to 42,48 to 54, I 159, 161 to 166. 193, 56 to 59,61 to 158, 160, 167 195 to 200. 202 to 220 to 192. 194,201 are in region no. 1.5.7.2 Silchar 1 to 6,10,11.13,124, 16 7 to 9. 12. 14 to 48. 56 to 70. 228, 229. 257 to 260 72. 95 to 100, 102 to 105, 230, 240 are in region no. 1.5.7.2 49 to 55, 71, 73 to 94. 101, 215 NA 106 to 123. 125 to 209,211 villages to 227.231 to 239, 241 243 to 256, 261 are in region no. 1.5.7.3 210.242 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 Udorbond 1 to 11.13 to 16.18 to 48 12, 17, 21. 32, 35 to 48, 52 20, 22 to 31, 33, 34, 49 to 85 are in region no. to 51,86 to 100 1.5.7.2 Lakhipur 16, 17, 19 to 29,31 to 109 1 to 15, 18,47 to 49,53,57, 46, 50 to 52, 54 to 56, 61 to 65, 68 to 71, 76 to 80, 58 to 60, 66. 67, 72 to 82,83,115 to 144 are in 75,81, 84 to 114,175 region no. 1.5.7.2 to 200, 202, 203, 206, 145 to 161, 163 to 166, 170, 207,211 to 213 173, 174 are in region no. 1.5.7.3 30,162,167 to 169,171, 172,201,204,205,208to 210 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 2 1.5.7.2 Barak Valley Katigora 1 to 37, 40 to 42, 48 to 178 38,39,43 to 47,55,60, 159, North 54, 56 to 59, 61 to 158, 161 to 166, 193, 195 to 200, 160, 167 to '192, 194, 202 to 220 are in region no. 201 1.5.7.1 Silchar 7 to 9, 12, 14 to 48, 56 67 387 NA 1 to 6,10,11,13,124,228, to 70, 72, 95 to 100, villages 229, 257 to 260 are in region 102 to 105, 230, 240 no. 1.5.7.1 49 to 55, 71, 73 to 94, 101, 106 to 123,125 to 209,211 to 227,231 to 239, 241,243 to 256, 261 are in region no. 1.5.7.3 210,242 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 Udorbond 12,17,21, 32, 35 to 48, 52 1 to 11, 13 to 16,18 to 20, 52 to 85 22 to 31,33,34, 4Wo 51,86 to 100 are in region no. 1.5.7.1 Contd. - I 68 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sonai 1 to 23 23 24 to 176, 19110195, 198, 199,203,204, 224 to 227, 229 to 239, 245, 246, 255, I 256 are in region no 1.5.7.3 I 177to 190, 196, 197, 200 to 202, 205 to 223, 228, 240 to 244, 247 to 254 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 Lakhipur 1 to 15, 18,47 to 49, 67 16, 17, 19 to 29,31 to 46,50 53, 57, 61 to 65, 68 to to 52, 54 to 56, 58 to 60, 66, 71, 76 to 80, 82, 83, 67,72 to 75,81,84 to 114, 11510144 175 to 200, 202, 203, 206, 207,211 to 213 are in region no. 1.5.7.1 145 to 161,163 to 166,170, 173, 174 are in region no. 1.5.7.3 . 30,162, 167 to 169,171, 172,201,204,205,208to 210 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 3 1.5.7.3 Barak Valley Silchar 49 to 55, 71, 73 to 94, 176 1 to 6,10,11, 13, 124,228, South 101, 106 to 123, 125 to 229,257 to 260 are in region 209,211 to 227, 231 10 no. 1.5.7.1 239, 241, 243 to 256, 7 to 9, 12, 14 to 48, 56 10 70, 261 381 NA 72, 95 to 100, 102 to 105, villages 230, 240 are in region no. 1.5.7.2 2 210,242 are in region no. towns 1.5.7.4 Sonai 24 to 176, 191 to 195, 181 1 to 23 are in region no. 198,199,203,204,224 1.5.7.2 to 227, 229 to 239, 245, 177 to 190, 196, 197, 200 to 246,255,256 202, 205 to 223, 228, 240 10 244, 247 to 254 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 Lakhipur 145 to 161, 163 to 166, 24 16, 17, 19 to 29, 31 to 46,50 170, 173, 174 to 52, 54 to 56, 58 to 60, 66, 67,7210 75,81,84 to 114, 175 to 200, 202, 203, 206, 207, 211 to 213 are in region no. 1.5.7.1 1 to 15, 18,47 to 49,53,57, I 61 to 65, 68 to 71, 76 to 80, I I 82,83,115 to 144 are in iI region no 1.5.7.2 30,162,167 to 169,171, iI 172,201,204,205,208to I ! i 210 are in region no. 1.5.7.4 i I I Conld . . ~- -- 69 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 1.5.7.4 I Bhairabi - Silchar 210,242 2 1 to 6, 10, 11, 13, 124,228, I Bbuban Hilly 229, 257 to 260 are in region Region no. 1.5.7.1 I 7 to 9, 12, 14 to 48,56 to 70, 1 c 72,95 to 100, 102 to 105, I 67 NA 230, 240, are in region no. I ! villages 1.5.7.2 491055,71, 73 to 94, 101, , 106 to 123, 125 to 209,211 to 227,231 to 239, 241, 243 to 256, 261 are in region no. 1.5.7,3 Sonai 177 to 190, 196, 197, 52 1 to 23 are in region no. 200 10 202, 205 to 223, 1,5,7,2 I 228,240 to 244,247 to 24 to 176, 191 to 195, 198, I 254 199, 203, 204, 224 to 227, I 229 to 239, 245, 246, 255, 25.6 are in reaion no. 1.5.7.3 I Lakhipur 30, 162, 167 to 169, 13 16, 17, 19 to 29,31 to 46,50 I 171,172,201,204, to 52, 54 to 56, 58 to 60. 66, 205,208 to 210 67.72 to 75,81,84 to 114, 175 to 200. 202.203,206, 207,211 to 213 are in region no. 1.5.7.1 11015, 18, 47 to 49, 53, 57, 61 to 65, 68 to 71, 76 to 80, Ii 82,83,115 to 144 are in I region no. 1.5.7.2 I 145 to 161,16310166,170, I i 173, 174 are in region no. L ___J 1.5.7.3 70 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: CACHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..-23 State District Division Nameoithe Geology Sorts Physio - Cultural Characteristics ! Name Number & Administrative I Name Division (R.C.) L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Cachar 1.5.7.1 Katigora, TifJam& Ustalfs - The region covers northern and eastern parts of the district Barail Range Silchar, Surma Ochrepts occupying 215 villages. The region is entirely rural. It has a Udarband group, Orthents population of 85027 persons. Its boundaries lie with Meghalaya in and Barail (18), the west, the North Cachar Hills district in the north, Manipur in Lakhipur group and Ochrepts the east and the Barak Valley North region in the south Jaintiaand Orthents Disang (72) and From the phYSiographic paint of view the region depicts a group of Ochrepts rough topogaphy. The principal rivers of the region are the Chiri, rocks. Aquepts the Labak, the Madhura and the Larang. These rivers are the Fluvents (85) tributaries of the Barak river. The region is covered with dense forests. Important reserved forests are the North Cachar, the Barail and the Upper Jiri reserved forests. The forests are generally evergreen in type and contain a host of botanical species. The geological formation of the region is dominated by the Barail group of rocks. The oldest rocks found within the region are the Brai! sandstones belonging to Oligocene age. The Jaintia and Disang group of rocks belong to Eocene (including Palaeocene age) period. These rocks are found in a belt. The Tipam and Surma group of rocks are concentrated in the eastern part of the region. Besides, Alluvium rocks also cover a very small area concentrating in the south-eastern comer 01 the region. The soils in the regiion are as follows: The Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) type of soil spreads over the wetern part, Ochrepts-Orthents (72) covers central part and Ochrepts-Aquepts-fluvents (85) covers the eastern part 01 the region. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communications are poor though a nailway line (metre gauge) and a National highway (NO. 53) pass through the region. Human settlement is scattered. 71 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: CACHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. : 23 District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics I Name Number & Administrative I Name Division (R.C.) i 2 3 4 5 S 7 I ASSAM Cachar 1.5.7.2 Katigora, Alluviums, Ustallfs The region occupies 381 villages. It faces its boundaries with Barak Valley Silchar, Tipam & Ochrepts the Barai! Range region in the north and the east, the river Barak North Udarbond, Surma group Orthents in the south and Bangladesh in the west. The area is entirely Sonaiand and Dihing & (18), rural. It is a alluvial plain, excluding some isolated hills here and Lakhipur DlJpitila Ochrepts there. The Jatinga river is the principal outlet which flows through group of Orthents the region. West of Jatinga lie numerous small streams which ro,;ks. (72) drain the area south of the Barai! but are of little importance due Ochrepts to their short coverage, non-perenniality and highly dissected Aquepts beds Fluvents (85) The geological formation of the region IS of allUVial origin, excluding Tipam and Surma group of rocks in eastern part, and Dihing and Oupitla group at rocks concentrated in north-eastern comer of the region. Soils in the region belong to Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthenls (18), Ochrepts-Orthents(72) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) sub orders. The soils are generally fertile due to annual deposition of silts. Most of the tea plantations are is on hill slopes of Tipam beds which are concentrated if: eastern part the region. The alluvial plain is fertile and rich in paddy cultivation. The region is backward in industries. The transport and comunicalion facilities are comparatively in better shape. A railway line (metre gauge). a National Highway (No. 53) and a few metalled roads pass through the region. Human settlement seems to be more densitised and compact over the plain. 72 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: CACHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·23 State District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physlo - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Cachar 1.5.7.3. Sllchar AllUViums. Ustalfs The region spreads over the central part of the distnct, Barak Sonai and Dihing and Ochrepts occupying 381 villages belonging to 176 villages of Silchar, 181 Valley Lakhipur Dupitla Orthents villages of Sonai and 24 villages of Lakhipur revenue circles South group and (18), respectively. Tipamand Ochrepts Surma group Orthents The region makes its boundaries with the Barak Valley North of rocks. (72) region in the north, the Bhairabi-Bhuban Hilly region in the east Ochrepts and south, and the Hailakandi district in the west. Aquepts Fluvents (85) The region has a population of 619855 persons of which 500631 are rural and 119224 urban. The region has two towns, namely, Silchar and Lakhipur. Physiographically, the region is an aJiuvial plain, ocassionally dotted with low sandstone hillocks. The plain is s gilt of the headward cutting and subsequent deposition of the river Barak and its tributaries. The prinCipal outlet of the region is the Barak river which flows through the northern part depicting the common regional boundary between the Barak Valley North and Barak Valley South regions. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin with the Oihing and Dupitila group and Tipam and Surma group of rocks concentrated here and there. Most of the tea plantations are done on the Tlpam beds. The soils are generally fertile due to annual deposition of silts. The region is characterised by an abundance ot marshes and low lands. The Ustalls-Ochrepts-Orthents(18) soil covers the large part of the region and Ochrepts-Orthents(72) covers very small area in its northem part, while the Ochrepts-AQuepls-Fluvents (85) sub order spreads over the eastern and south-westem part of the . region. The region is rich in Agriculture. Tea is an important industry which more or less spreads over the entire region. Some small scale industries are concentrated in Silchar and Lakhipur towns. Cane industry is one of the important industry in the region famous for its artistic and exclusive workmanship. The region has an improved network of communication and transport having good roads connect one place to another. A National Highway (No.54), a Slale Highway, a few metalled and un metalled roads and a railway line (metre gauge) pass through the region. It is a most prosperous region in the district. Human settlement is more compact here. Silchar is an important town and district headquarters, having a good number of important educational institutions of repute. Silchar is connected with rail, road and airways with the rest of the country. 73 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: CACHAR STATE; ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·23 r State District Division Name of the I Geology Soils Physio - Curtural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative I I Name Division (R.C.) 1__ 1 __ '--. 2 3 4 I 5 6 -: ASSAM Cachar 1.5.7.4 Silchar, Alluviums, Ustalfs The region covers in southern and eastem parts of the Bhairabi Sonai and Dihing & Ochrepts district, occupying 67 villages. Bhuban Lakhipur Dupitila Orthents Hilly group and (18), It faces Barak Valley South region in the north, the Barail Region Tipam and Ochrepts Range region in the north-eastern corner, Manipur state in the Surma group Aquepts east, Mizoram state in the south and Hailakandi district in the of rOCks. Fluvents (8S) west. The region is entirely Ma! and it has a population of 43096 persons. The region exhibits a hilly topography, covered with forests. The Bhuban hills are a continuation of the Mizo hills range. The southern part of the region is surrounded by Mizo hills. In this region the Barak river which is the principal outlet of the district flows in eastern part and forms the boundary between the Cachar district and Manipur state. Other important rivers like the Sonai and the Rukni also cut across the region. These rivers are partially navigable specially during the rains and are parennial ones. The region is covered with evergreen forests and dense mixed jungles mainly bamboos. Important reserved forests in the region are the Barak and the Inner Une R.Fs. The geological formation of the region is dominated by the Tipam and Surma group ot rocks. Besides this, the Dihing and Dupitila group of rocks and Alluvium rocks are also found in patches over the region. The Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) soil covers a small part of the region which the Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) sub-order spreads mostly all over the region. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers, but tea plantations also cover a large part of the region. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are not well developed. The National Highway No. 54 passes through the region. Besides, a host of unmetalled roads are also present. Human settlement is uneven and found mostly along the river valleys and in the tea garden areas. 74 DISTRICT KARIMGANJ ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) The Karimganj district is bounded on the north by Bangladesh and the Cachar district, on the east by the Hailakandi district, on the south by the states of Mizoram and part of Tripura and on the west by the state of Tripura and Bangladesh. It is situated between 24° 14' 45" and 24° 55' 3~'' North latitudes and 92° 12' 3~'' and 92° 36' 00" East longitudes. It covers an area of 1809.00 sq.kms. of which 1796.81 sq.kms. are rural and 12.19 sq.kms. urban, where 827063 persons live of which 766682 are rural and 60381 urban. The district has a density of 457 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into five revenue circles, namely, Karimganj, Badarpur, Nilambazar, Datharkandi and Ramkrishna Nagar and it has three towns, namely, Karimganj, Badarpur and Badarpur Railway town. Karimganj is the district headquarters. The topography of Karimganj district is composed of hills, plains and low lands. The Saraspur hills on the western valley stretch in a continuous Jine towards the north-east up to the Barak river. The southern part of the district is girt by Mizo hills. To the south much of the area is still covered with primeval forest. The higher lands of the district in the north are devoted to tea plantation while the lowlands are usually covered with rich crops of waving rice. Swamps and bils with clumps of elephant grass and reeds land Jariety to the view. Villages, in compact nature are usually found to be flourished in the long narrow valleys ~)f the rivers like the Singla, the Langai and the Kushiyara, and are surrounded by groves of slender areca nuts. broad-leaved plantains and feathery bamboos. There are four reserved forests in the district. They are [he Singla, the Badshahi Tila, The Tilbum and the Patharia hill reserved forests. It shares the same climate that engulfs the other districts of the Barak valley. In respect of the composition of the soils, too, it resembles the other districts of the region. They are Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents (18), Udalfs - Ochrepts-Aquepts (26), and Ochrepts - Aquepts - t=luyents (85), There are good number of tea gardens located in the district. Rice is grown abundently. Jute is a prinCipal cash crop in the district. Rice is the staple food. Geologically, the district consists of Alluvium, Dihing &Dupitila Group (Pliocene including Pontian) and Tipam & Surma Group of Rocks ( Miocene excluding Pontian ) . These rocks are often found vertically Goncentrated in the district. The district legs behind in respect of industrial development. Tea is the only large scale industry nere. However, the district is one of the leading one among the districts in the state in respect of can and >;:;an products . Hindustan Paper Corporation has of late started producing paper at Panchgram near Badarpur town Karimganj is the district headquarters . 7S The transport and communication facilities are moderately developed . A State highway , some important metalled roads and a railway ( metre gauge ) provide the basic requirement of the inhabitants to their satisfaction. The district of Karirnganj belongs to the Cachar Plain ( 1.5.7 ) which is divided into two sub- micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and nartural vegetations. 1.5.7.1. Barak Valley South: The region spreads over the northern half part of the district occupying 754 villages and three towns, namely, Karimganj, Badarpur and Badarpur Railway town. It has a population of 695543 persons of which 635162 are rural and 60381 urban. It is a small fertile alluvial plain, dotted with low sand stone hillocks. The Kusiyara. part of the Barak and the Gumti are the principal rivers of the region. A few large depressions in the form ofbils are located in this region. Geologically. the base is composed of alluviums excluding the Dihing and Dupitila group of rocks. 1.5.7.2. Bhairabi· Bhuban Hilly Region: The region covers southern half of the district, occupying 179 villages. The region is entirely rural, which have a population of 131520 persons. It is a hilly region which is girt by Mizo hills and Bhuban hills, the latter being the continuation of Mizo hills. The region is covered with dense mixed and evergreen forests which earns a notable share of revenue to the stat exchequer. The singla and the Langai rivers flow through the region from south to north. The Tipam and Sunna group of rocks fonns the base of its topography. . ----x--- 76 MAP 18 CENSUS OF INDIA AISAII KARIMGANJ DISTRICT CIIIIUI COllI! 21 ...OIIAL DIVIIIONI H K114 r' l1h N toILJ K•• 20 I(a I ...... __.. C;. '\... __ ,L,\, ~ ( ...... ~" ~. -./ ...... • • II ( II ~ LlSTALfS.ootID'T5-DIIT..,.S (~....'".. .' • -,.., ~ Ul.lLFS-IlCHII£PT5-AQUE PTS q ~ .: : .':. . 14~ . '\I ::. tS ,':.'· F7"7l W«fIT5-IAUEI'TS. IQ ,. ::::: :.} 15 .~ P..UVOOS ' · .. · .. 1 ~·· : .. ::i ~~. .:.'::( " II(I4WQAII,I DIaTNCT ~1II.QICIIW_.uuu ••• 21" Ka''---...J M\ZORAM I .J_...... , ..... ,. f .-..,r: 115.7.11 .... J r··········· '..-r.'~.c. t\ ...... :;.. ... ·... l {,o-_: f I B()UijQAAY. iNTfRHATIOIIAL ...... _. _._ STATE ...... :...... _., _ •• ..-- ~)ffi)~11.... ll,ir '·· ·r:·· ...... ·.·I ,~.~!~( r/ IJIS,TRa:l ...... , ...... _ • .._, I _ d l5.7.1 I '., _:" ::' i RfVENUf OICLE ...... ~ : .~ . _--:: lllil i Il5JJ' .. ~ '. RfS£RV[D fQR(ST WITH HAI1£ ...... '.. .~ .1I: •• : VlLAGI:' rUo VIIIG 5000 , A!IIvE POPlIlAT IQH WITH H"HE ... (1401'" ~i@ ...''. ./L.. .. ) } URBAH ARU ...... ~ . I ni STAT :E tMitWAY ...... , ..... , ...... __,:,"',-_ oWfl .:11 l·'} ·· :'\ i OTlf£III1POATAHT IIO.lD ... _...... ____ _ RAl.w~Y lINE WITH STA.TIOII. I1(TRf GAUG£ ...... i II I LL ~ ' II I , L J1WW::? l. ' ~-~ RI VER AND STREAM. WATER BODIES ...... ---= ..::.~ REGIOHAL IIVISIOH ...... ~ l :. 1 '. ~ ....! aolJIOAAY. IHT[ R ~TIOHAl...... _ . _ . _ MACRO ------. t:~==~ 11£50 ------______J_ STATE ...... _ .. _ .. _ ._ IIICRO ----______'-...._ DISTRICT ...... ,_ . _. _ ._ SIJI-I'IICRO RfGlON ...... " ...... SU8 -HK RO WiTH BOUNDARY ------L....-- COIlE NO.It" Il5.1.1J 1991 • LS.7.1 [R,u Ihl u qulllC, 01 "gional dO';Iion , Wi lh rlf." ..... t. HIt ilt "'d~ .... cede. up 10 3 lie, I . AR£A IiAlolfD FIiOf1 CACHAR IISTRICT DIIIll TO f(RI1 liE'II l 't' CRfA Tro 1.5".1 8ARAIC VAllEY SOUTH ICAR ~J [lSTRlCT t 5.1.2 8IIA UI . atllIAN Hl.l Y REliIOH U . - IlVENUf ctlClE A...... drcl • . UoII;JII A... Md ....t v .~ forul Boundarl .. , h.. . on Ilia R.f - Il$lRV(D FOilfST ••p ...... "tiona. DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: KARIMGANJ STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 21 No.o fTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1 991) Region I Name 1991 (1991) T R U 1* R U 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 K : 1.57.1 754 3 Towns I Barak 1. Kari rnganj - . 12.19 695543 635162 60381 Valley South (M.B ) A 2. Bad arpur (T.C.) 3. Bad arpur Rly. Towr l(CT) R I 1.5.7.2 179 - - - 131520 131520 Bhairabi N Bhuban Hi-Ily Region J 79 REGION·WISE VilLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: KARIMGANJ STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 21 - ~Sf. iO,v"fSion No f I Revenue Circle LOCation (:ode No_ of Total Total No_ Area of Remarks ---I No: NalTIe I Census vii lages as per No. of of villages Regional (village Code No ,j s per i 1')91 villages and Division in 1991) in RC Towns in Sq, Km ___ ~ __ J ___ ~ ______Division ------8--_ ---"--!I ii, 3 4 5 6 7 __ --- +~~=------+------+------~--l 1 I' ,j 7 - I ! ' Barak Jalley Karimganj All villages I 181 All villages are in regi on no \ South 1.5.7. 1 1------83-- Badarpur All villages All villages are in regl on no. I 754 ------1.5.7.1 Nilambaza-r-- All villages 180 villages N.A All villages are in regi ~on no. i -- 1.7.5.1 Patharkandi 1 to 124, t '6 to 133, 137-- 3 125,134 to 136,140 to 150, 137 to 139, 151,152 towns 153 to 203 are in regi on no_ 1.5.7.2 1 to 161, It ,4,166 to 173 162, 163, 165, 174, 176, 178 173, 175, 1 77, 184 to 286 are in region n0_ 1.5.7.2 -+------2 ; 1,5,7,2 Bhairabi - Patharkandi 125, 134 to 136, 140 to 66 1 to 124,126 to 133, 137 • Bhuban Hilly 150,153 to 203 179 NA 139,151,152 are in region to~ i Regior' villages no_ 1.5_7.1 I ---- I- Ramkrishna 162~ 163, :;-1)5, 174, 113- 1 to 161, 164, 166 to m:- ) Nagar 176, 178 to 183, 185 to 175, 177, 184 are in "egion I ,_____ L ______286 10.1.5_7,1 _J 80 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT; KARIMGANJ STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·21 iStateT District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) b-± 2 3 4 5 6 7 ~ ASSAM Karimganj 1.5.7.1 Karimganj, AlhJViums, Ustalfs The region spreads over the northern part of the district Barak Badarpur, Dihing Ochrepls occupying 754 villages and three towns, namely, Karilflganj. Valley Nilambazar, and Orthents Badarpur and Badarpur Aly. Town. South Patharkandi Dupitila (18) and group of Ochrepts' The region laces Bangladesh and Cachar district in the north, Aamkrishna rocks Aquepts the Hailakandi district in the east, Bangladesh in the west and the Nagar Fluvents (85) Bhairabi-Bhuban Hilly region in the south. It has a population of 695543 persons of which 635162 are rural and 60381 urban. Physiographical'y the region is an alluvial plain, dotted with low sandstone hillocks here and theie. The plain has been created by the headward cutting and subsequent deposition of the Barak and its tributaries. The principal outlet of the region is the Barak river which flows in the northern part and fonns the common boundary between the Karimganj and Cachar districts. The Gumti is the another important river of the region. In the northern part the Kusiyara river forms the common boundary between this region and Bangladesh. Their beds lying above the level of the surroundings cause frequent floods in the rainy season. There are two big depressions in the region namely, Sonbil and Ratakandi bil. The alluvial formations of the region is associated with Dihing and Dupitla group of rocks seen concentrated here and there in the region. The soils are generally fertile due to annual depOSition of silt: They are as follows: Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) covers a large part 01 the region. Ocherepts-Aquepts·Fluvents (85) spreads over the entire region. Agriculture is the main economic backbone of the villagers. Tea plantation is done on hill slopes. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are poor. A single metalled road passes through the region. Human settlement is naturally scattered due to its rogue topography. 81 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KARIMGANJ STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. :21 IState District I Division Name of the Gp.ology Soils Physio - Cu'tural Charracteristics i I 'lame Number & Administrative ! I L_ __L I Name Division (R.e.) i !__ 1 _ _l_ 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 I ASSAM Karimganj 1.5.7.2 Patharkandi Alluviums, Udalfs The region covers southem part of the district occupying 179 Bhairabi and Dihing and Ochrepts villages, of which 69 villages belong to Patharkandi and 113 Bhuban Ramkrishna Dupllila Aquepts villaes to Ramkrishna Nagar revenue circles respectively. Hilly Nagar group and (26) Region Tipam and Ochrepts The region makes its boundaries with the Barak Valley South Sumla group Aquepts region in the north, the Hailakandi district in the east, the state of of rocks Fluvents Mizoram in the south and the state of Tripura in the west (85) The region is entirely rural with a population of 131520 persons. It depicts a hilly topography covered with forests. The Bhuban hills are a continuation of the Mizo hills range. The main range contains many peaks of moderate height in the form of scattered ridges. The southern part of the region is surrounded by Mizo hills. The Singla is the main river which originates from the Mizo hills and flows through the region. The region is covered with evergreen forests of dense mixed jungles, mainly bamboos. Important reserved forests are the Singla, the Badshahi and the Oohalia reserved forests. The geological formation of the region is dominated by Dihing and Dupitla group of rocks. Besides, Tipam and Surma group of rocks and alluvium rocks are also found here. The soils In the region are as lollows: Udalfs-Ochrepts-Aquepts(26) covers the south-western corner 01 the region. Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) spreads over the entire region, Agriculture is the main economic backbone of the villagers. Tea plantation is done on hill slopes. The region is backward in industries. Like in the neighbouring region here also the transport and communication facilities are very poor with a single metalled road that pass through the region. Human settlement is also thin and scattered. 82 DISTRICT HAILAKANDI (REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Hailakandi district is bounded on the north and east (partly) by the Cachar district, on the east (partly) and south by the state of Mizoram, and on the west by the Karimganj district. The district is situated in between 24° 08' 15" and 24° 52' 30" North latitudes and 92° 24' 15"and 92 0 47' 15" East longitudes. 11 covers an area of 1327.00 sq.km. of which 1318 sq.km. are ruraland 8.75 sq.km. urban. It has a population of 449048 persons of which 414910 are rural and 34138 urban. The district has a density of 338 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into four revenue c!rcles, namely, Algapur, Hailakandi, Lala and Katlichara and two towns, namely, Halilakandi and 'Iala. Hailakandi is the district headquarters. Physiographically, Hailakandi district exhibits a heterogeneous topography composed of hills, plains and low lands. The Bhuban range on the south-eastern frontier covers a considerable area. The Saraspur hills on the west of the Hailakandi valley stretch in a continuous line to the Barak. The southern part of the district is girt by Mizo hills. To the south much of the area is still covered with primeval forest. The plain areas are usually covered with rich plantations. Jute cultivation is also carried-out in these areas. The Katakhal river is the principal river of the district. Other important drainages are the Bhairabi, the Dhaleswari, the Jita etc. Most of the river valleys are covered with thick human settlements surrounded by groves, arecanuts and bamboos. Being shut in by ranges of hills on three sides, the heat can become decidedly oppressive during summer. The air remain charged with high humidity. The rainfall is extremely fleavy and temperature is considerably high during the summer but the winter is mild. The summer ranges 'rom May to September, the winter stretches through November to the end of February. The soils here resemble more or less identical to that of the Brahmaputra valley, except variations. fhe soils usually contain a large percentage of organic matter. They belong to Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents (18) and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluvents (85) sub-order associations. Tea, rice and jute are main Grops of the district. Rice is the staple food. Fish are commonly found in bils, ponds and rivers and are equally accepted as common favourable dish. Geologically, the district consists of the Dihing and Dupitla Group (Pliocene including Pontian), Alluvium rocks. and Tipam & Surma group of rocks. The later covers a vast area of the district. Alluvium rocks are found concentrated in alluvial plain.The Dihing and Dupitla group of rocks are made up of an alternation of pebble beds and beds of soft clay which look like recent alluvium. Industrially, the district is not so developed. Cane industry and a few small scale industries are only found In the district. The transport and communication facilities are satisfactory, National High way No.-53, some important metalled roads and a railway metre gauge line pass through the district. 83 The district of Hailakandi belongs to the Cachar Plain (1.5.7.) which is divided into two sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 1.5.7.1. Barak Valley South :- The region spreads over half of the district in the northern part, occupying 220 villages and two towns, namely, Hailakandi and Lala. It has a population of 333518 persons of which 299380 are rural and 34138 urban. The region is a fertile alluvial plain, dotted with low sand stone hillocks. The Katakhal is the principal river. Its geology is mainly of alluvium origin excluding Dihing & Dupitla group of rocks that appear in isolated form over the region. 1.5.7.2. Bhairabi - Bhuban Hilly Region :- The region covers southern half of the district occupying 110 villages. The region is entirely rural with a population of 115530 persons. As the name suggests it depicts an uneven topography with rows of hills-low and high that spill-over from the Mizo-hills in the south. The region is covered with virgin evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. The Katakhal is the principal river which flows through the region from south to north. Two Reserved forests are located here, namely, Katakhal and Inner line reserved forests. The geological composition of the region is underlaid by the Tipam and Surma Group of rocks. In terms of commmication the region is not well developed. Settlement is thin and scattered. ----x---· 84 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 19 ASSAM HAII.AKNQ DISTRICT HAILAKANDI DISTRICT CIWIGt '" IIf~L IOUNIIAU;S "".'1 .~.-.(.\ ' CENSUS CODE 22 . I '\.."oJ'( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ....L':...... 11 '"5 711 ... ._ ..... '.. ~ ...... '.~...... :...... "} o 4 • 12 J<. ~. '" ~ '. :.':;: " (.1 ._ ·~ I I..' ·.. ·····..11 .5.7...... ii ;,. "" (,".):' N . ~~ IJ 11.S·.;};· .?:~·t ( . 1571( ; ' '. : • . . . \_\I.: .• ': : Je' \ . : : ..... ~ .. J ) .~ .r·~ .....Jll1. tn-I~ "1"5',",,; :- i.... ~~~:, ..... : l . \• ~' I.15.7III IIII.Z f .. ~"""'-f. ... ! . 1~~ . L-\ .. i~W-· ,,,,,,?,or. ~~:~~:'~'~:::: == • DISTRICT ...... _ .... _._._ SUB ... MICRO REG ION CODE NO. 1981 _...... (1.5.7.1 I 1991 _ .... 1.5.7.1 ARE A GAINED FROM (ACHAR ITTTT1 DISTRICT TO FORM NEWLY WJ..U f'\ CREATED IiALAKANDI DISTRICT i· t QEOLOCY j. •• I' KIt a 20 \ . • .11 t \...... .'~ ... : .. 0° ;0.0' I,.. . , .. , t:.5~ ..·. / ...... ,.'\ -j'/ : : :,.: l. '. "./ ,. ._; .. BOI.fIJARY. STATE ...... _ •• _ •• _ c DlSTRICT ...... -._._._ REYEHI£ CIRCLE ...... , ...... _. ___ _ RESERVED FOREST WITH NAH€ ...... l ~ i.M).( ~ Vl.LAGE HA VNj 5000 AND ABOVE POPULATION It.,~ &tint 'IlIITl1 NAHE ...... URBAN AREA ...... ~ NATIONAL HlGHWAY ...... _...:NH-:::.:::: S:;:,,3 _ OTHER ~T ANT ROAD_...... R5 RAi.WAY LINE WITH STATlDN)tETRE GAUGE ...... j j IllI}j I I I RIVER AND ST REAH ...... :;:;00: = <::: REGIONALttACRO ______DNISION ...... ______...... ______l~ ' 1· l MESO ______. __ - HICRO ______.. __ .. _____ .. ______.. _ --- SUB- MICRO WITH BOUNDARY ______.. ______ 15.7.1 - BARAK VALLEY SOUTH 1 Rnd the sequence of reglon~1 division with reference to the .at !neli IUp codes up to 3 tier 15.7.2 - BHAIRABI-BHl.JBAN HUY REGlON 2. Ur1Ian arta, Rlvl!l1Uf cirdl ~Ild Rlserved Forest bounduies R.C.- REVENUE CIRCLE sbown l1li thl ••p are notional . ' R1.~ RESERVED FOREST DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: HAILAKANDI STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 22 _-_ I-- - No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) I Jist ric! Region No / Nami:l villages Region / Name 1991 (1991 ) in each Region 1991 T R U T R U 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1= ' ~ - I H , A 1.5.71 220 2 Town s Barak 1. Hai I~ kandi -- 8.75 333518 299380 34138 I Valley South (M. El .) 2. Lal a (T.e.) L A I K A 1 5.7.2 110 - - - - 115530 115530 N Bhairabi Bhuban Hilly Region D I I I I , I__ ~- -- __ 1 87 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: HAILAKANDI STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 22 r~r Division No! Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks No i Nam e Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional ( vii/age Code No as per i 1991 villages and Division in 1991) it ! in R.C. Towns in Sq. Km Division ,-I ··--1------I .. -- i 1 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '-·:-r1.571·- i Barak Va lIey Algapur All villages 69 All villages are in region no. I South 220 1.5.7.1 Hailakandi All villages 64 villages N.A. All villages are in region no. 1.5.7.1 Lata 1 to 79 79 2 80 to 86 are in region no. towns 1.5.7.2 Katlichara 12 to 19 8 1 to 11,20 to 111 are In region no. 1.5.7.2 1-'::--0--:-=--= --_. I 2 ,~1.5.7.2 I , Bhairabl - Lala 80 to 86 7 110 NA ~ to 79 are in region no. : Bhuban Hilly villages 1.5.7.1 ! Region Katlichara 1 to 11, 20 to 111 103 12 to 19 are in region no. 1.5.7.1 88 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CUl TURAl DETAILS DISTRICT: HAILAKANDI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code~N=.:o._;:.:2::;2:__ ___----,;:-;---:--~---;-:::-;--~-;-;:-- ____--, District Division Name afthe Name Number & Administrative G~~O_iIS__ -+ ______P_hY_SI_.o_-_C_ult_U.ffi~~IC_h_ar_ac_te_ris_ti_~ ______-4 Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 ~~6____ l______~7 ______~ ASSAM Hailakandi 1.5.7.1 Aigapur, Alluvium Ustalls The region spreads over northern part of the district occupying Barak Hailakandi, rocks, Ochrepts 220 villages of which 69 villages come from Algapur, 64 villages Vailey Lala and Oihing Orthents from Hailakandi, 79 villages from Lala and 8 villages from South Katiichara and (18), Katlichara revenue circles respectively. This region has two Oupitila Ochrepts towns, namely, Hailakandi and Lala. group of Aquepts rocks Fluvents (85) The region makes its boundaries with the eachar district in the north and east, the Bhairabi-Bhuban Hilly region in the south and the Karimganj district in the wes!. It has a population ot 333518 persons of which 299380 are rural and 34138 urban. Physiographically, the region is an alluvial plain, dotted with low sand stone hillocks, Ivcally known as 'Tilas'. The plain is a gift of the Barak and its tributaries. The Barak is the principal river which flows in northern part and forms the common district boundary with Cachar. The Katakhal , another important river flows from south to north through the region. Many low depressions jn the form of bils are found located here and there in the region. The Dihing and Oupitila group of rocks found concentrated in the region south of the Barak plain together with the alluviums compose the geological formations of the region. The Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) soil covers the entire part of the region while the insignificant. Ochrepls-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) soils spreads over the southern part of the region. The region is suitable for paddy cultivation. Hill slopes support tea plantations. The low lying areas are used for jute cultivation. Besides tea, bamboo and cane work is the other important industry in the region. The transport and communication network is moderately developed. A few metalled and unmetalled roads provide the basic requirements of inhabitants in the region. A railway line (metre gauge) also passes through the region. Human settlement is compact comparaing 10 other regions. Hailakandi is the district headquarters located in this part of the district. 89 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: HAILAKANDI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·22 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Hailakandi 1.5.7.2 Lala and Dihing & Ustalfs The region covers southern part of the district, occupying 110 Bhairabi Katlichara DupitiJa Ochrepts villages, of which 7 villages come from Lala and 103 villages Bhuban group and Orthents from Katlichara revenue circles respectively. Hilly Tipam & (18), Region Surma Ochrepts The region faces Barak Valley South region in the north, the group of Aquepts state at Miloram in the east and south and the Karimganj district rocks. Fluvents (85) in the west. The region is entirely rural with a population of 115530 persons. It depicts an uneven and rogue topography covered with forests. The Shuban hills are a continuation of the Mizo hills that runs along the eastem and southem boundary of the district. The main range contains many peaks of moderate height whic~ take the form of serrated ridges. The Hailakandi valley is shut in between these two ranges. The Katakhal is the principal river which flows trom south to north. The Bhairabi is the other important river which makes the common boundary between the state 01 Mizoram and this region in its south-eastern part. The forests are composed of dense mixed jungles. Bamboo is one ot the main components of these forests. Important reserved forest in the region are the Inner line and Katakhal reserved forests. The geological formations of the region is dominated by the Tipam and Surma group of rocks. Besides, Dihing and Duitila group of rocks are also found in the region. The soils in the region are as follows: Ustalfs-Ochrepts.orthents (18) covers small part of the region and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) sub-order spreads almost all over the region. Agriculture is the main economic activity of the villagers. Tea plantation are seen in the lower parts of the hills. Except tea the region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are also poor. A single metalled road covers for a small distance of the region. A railway line (metre gauge) passes through it. Human settlement is naturally scattered owing to the nature of the topography. 90 DISTRICT KARBI ANGLONG ( REGIONAL DIVISION) District Karbi Anglong extends between 25° 30' 00" and 26° 37' 00" North latitudes and 92° 08' 00" and 93° 50' 00" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the Marigaon, Nagaon and Golaghat districts. on the east by the Golaghat district and the state of Nagaland ,on the south by the North Cachar hills district and Nagaland and on the west by the Meghalaya state. It covers an area of 10434 sq.kms. of which 10397.01 sq.kms. are rural and 36.99 sq.kms. urban, having a population of 662723 persons ( 592257 are rural and 70466 urban). It has a density of population of 64 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into three sub-divisions, namely, Diphu, Bokajan and Hamren. The Diphu sub-division consists of two revenue circles, namely, Phulani (part) and Diphu (part) and three towns namely, Dokmoka, Diphu. and Howraghat. The Bokajan sub-division consists of three revenue circles, namely, Silonijan, Phuloni (part) and Diphu (part), and one town i.e. Bokajan. The Hamren sub-division consists of one revenue circle i.e. Donka and two towns-Hamren and Donkamokam. Diphu is the district headquarters. The entire district is a hilly one covered by green forests except the thin Jamuna-Kopili plain. Many Important rivers have been Originated in this district. They are the Umiurn, the Kapili, the 8orapani, the Jamuna, the Diphu, the Kaliyani and the Ohansiri The district has a complex formation composed of geological inlier of complex older, Archean gnessic and granites in central part, Shillong series in the south- west, Jointia and Oisang group, the Barail group and the Tipam and Sunna groups of rocks in the south-east. The soils of the district constitute of Aqualfs - Aquepts Ustalfs- Orchrepts - Orthents , Udalfs and Fluvents sub-orders. Inspite of its comparatively higher elevation the climate of the district is more or less similar to the other districts in the Brahmaputra plain with mild winter and abundant rainfall. The district is an under developed one with preponderance of scheduled tribe habitations. Hence, it is otten termed as" tribal district ".Their livelihood is mainly agriculture. Paddy is a major crop of the district. Inhabitants ordinarily live on hill tops practising "jhumft or" shifting cultivation ". IndustriaHy, it is a backward district. There is a cement factory located at Bokajan. Some small scale and cottage industries are located at Baithalangso, Diphu, Hawraghat and Bokajan. Though National Highways No. 36 and 39, a few important metalled roads and a railway line (metre guage) traverse the district yet transport and communication facilities are far from satisfactory. The district is a part of Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills (1.5.8.) zone which is divided into seven sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 1,5,8.1. Karbi Plateau:- This region covers ]28 villages. It is entirely rural which spreads over an area of 4283 sq.kms_ inhabited by 93196 population. The density of population of the region is only 22 persons per sq.km. which is the lowest in the district. As regards the relief the region is a detached conbnuation of the peninsular shield exhibiting an extremely rugged, dissected terrain often rising sharply from the surrounding plains. 91 The region shows a radial drainage pattern with the rivers and streams flowing south in to the Jamuna valley. The Koliyani river flows east-north-east across the hills in the north eastern part of the district. The forests of the region can be placed broadly under Northern Tropical Moist Deciduous forests and Northern Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests. Geologically, the region is mainly composed of Archean gnessic complex rocks. Besides Basalts, Pyroxene granulite, Pegmatite and Jointia and Disang group of rocks are found in some pockets. Four types of soils are found in the region, namely, Udalfs - Ochrepts. Ochrepts - Orthents, Ustalfs - Aqualfs - Aquepts and Ochrepts - Aquepts Fluvents. 1.5.8.2. Jamuna Plain :- The region covers 634 villages and 2 towns. inhabited by 161271 persons ( 153436 rural and 7835 urban. ) This region is a narrow strip of plain land along the Jamuna river and is the most thickly populated area in the whole district which was previously covered by dense forests. Alluvium rocks are found in the large part of the region. The region covers three types of soils namely - Udalfs - Orchrepts, Aqualfs - Aquepts and Ochrepts - Orthents. 1.5.8.3 Diphu Forested Hills :- The region spreads over south-eastern part of the district occupying 556 villages and one town. It covers an area of 1998 sq. kms., inhabited by 129996 persons of which 90449 are rural and 39547 urban. where the density of population is 650 persons per sq.km. There is one town located in the region, namely, Diphu. The region is covered with forested hills. The Jamuna and the Diphu rivers flow through the region. The Dhansiri river for a short distance stands a common boundary in between the Karbi Anglong district and the Nagaland state. Forests of the region are very rich in flora and fauna. Northern Tropical Semi-Evergreen Riverine type of forests are found here. A large part the region is covered by the Tipam, the Sunna and Jointia and Disang groups of rocks. Three types of soils namely, Aqualfs - Aquepts. Udalfs - Ochrepts and Ochrepts - Orthents are found here. 1.5.8.4. Nambar Forest :- The region covers eastern part of the district, occupying 233 viflages and one town. It spreads over an area of 464 sq.kms. inhabited by 82815 persons of which 71790 are rural and 11025 urban. This region has only one town i.e. Bokajan. The density of population here is 178 persons per sq.km. The Dhansiri is the important river of this region which makes a common boundary between the districts of Karbi Anglong and Golaghat. The region is covered mostly with evergreen forests. The geological composition of the region are made up of the Tipam and Sunna group of rocks, Khasi green stone (massive) rocks and Jointia and Disang group of rocks. There are two types of soils in this region namely, Ochrepts - Orthents and Ustalfs - Aqualfs - Aquepts. 1.5.8.5. Bhoi Region :- This region covers the north-west comer of the district occupying 97 villages spreading-over an area of 598 sq.km. and inhabited by 34238 population. The density of the region is 57 persons per sq.km. It is an entirely rural region with rugged topography. The Umium river flows through the region. Geologically Tyrssad fonnation, granite and Shillong fonnation rocks are found in this region. Two types of soils namely, Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents and Aqualfs - Aquepts are found here. 1.5.8.6. Karbi HUIs:- The region covers a large area covering 190 villages and one town i.e. Hamren. It spreads over an area of 1993 sq.km. inhabited by 6n18 persons of which 63957 are rural and 3761 urban. The density of the region is 34 persons per sq.km. The region is entirely hilly connecting to the United Khasi and Jointia group of hills with less forests cover mainly due to human destruction. The Borapani is the important river. Geologically, it is composed entirely of Shillong fonnation rocks. There are two types of soils in this region, they are, Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents and Aqualfs - Aquepts. 92 1, .5.8.7. Kopili Plain:- The region covers the eastern part of the Baithalangso area having 125 villages and one town i.e. Donkamokam. It spreads over an area of 326 sq.kms. inhabited by 93499 persons of whjch 85201 are rural and 8298 urban. The density of the region is 287 persons per sq.km. A'S the name implies the plain is formed by the action of the river Kopili throughout the ages. The "fflgii:m. is alSo being depleted of the Jungles that once occupied the lust green topography till very recently ~ .big villages are coming up with almost equal rapidity. Geologically, the region is composed of ShiUong formation rocks, alluvium rocks, granite and Khasi green stone (massive) rocks. Aqualfs - Aquepts type of soil occupies the entire region. ------X------ 93 c o • .- ..., •.- • .. 0 l- • • l- 0 .. -a: t; is.W 4 fIt ~ z_ i ;: ~ < J .a. - 1 ~ a:III DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO - 19 No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) District Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region - 1991 T R U T R U 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 K 1.5.8.1 728 - - - - 93186 93186 - A Mikir Plateau R 1.5.8.2 634 2 Towns Jamuna Plain 1. Dokmoka (T.e.) - - 3.51 161271 153436 7835 2. Howraghat B (I.C.) I 1.5.8.3 556 1 Town Oiphu Diphu (Te.) -- 16.48 129996 90449 39547 Forested Hills A N 1.5.8.4 233 1 Town Nambar Forest Bokajan (T.e.) - - 3.00 82815 71790 11025 G L 1.5.8.5 97 - - - - 34238 34238 - Bhoi Region 0 1.5.8.6 190 1 Town Mikir Hills Hamren (T.C.) - - 10.00 67718 63957 3761 N 125 1 Town 1.5.8.7 G Kopili Plain Donkamokam (T.e.) - - 4.00 93499 85201 8298 97 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 19 -- i 51. ! Divisio n No! Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks i No; Na me Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per f I i 1991 villages and Division in 1991) i in R.e. Towns in Sq. Km i Division -~-f------~'~1--T----2 3 4 5 6 7 8 - - r-1 ! 1.5.8.-' i MikirP iateau Phuloni ( Part) 1 to 5,8, 12, 15, 16, 18, 183 6,7,9 to 11,13,14,17,20, (under Diphu sub- 19,21,22,26 to 48,50 23 to 25, 49, 53 to 76. 81 to division) to 52, 77 to 80, 88, 89, 87,90 to 96, 101 to 115, 97 to 100, 116, 11910 117,118,123 to 130, 135, 122, 131 to 134, 136, 138,139, 14110 492,494, 137,140,493,496to 495, 503 to 507, 518 to 521, 502, 508 to 517, 522 to 546, 550 to 555, 558 to 574, 545, 547 to 549, 556, 576 to 584, 590, 591, 609 to 557, 575, 585 to 589, 1314,676 to 709,713 to 735, 592 to 608, 615 to 619, 739 to 765,781,782,784, 646 to 658, 785, 793, 728 N.A. l86 to 792, 795, 797 to 804, 794, 796, 805, 821 to villages 806,807,810 to 812,817, 829,833,835 to 840, 819, 820, 830 to 832, 834, 844, 846, 848, 855, 843, 845, 847, 849, 850, 856, 864, 867 to 870, 853,859,860,871 to 874, 875 to 877. 878 to 901 are in region no. 1.5.8.2 620 to 645,659 to 675, 710 to 712, 736 to 738, 766 to 780,783,808,809,813to 816,818 to 841, 842,851, 852,854,857,858,861 to 863, 865, 866 are in region 110.1.5.8.3 Phuloni (Part) All villages 116 AU villages are in region no. (under Bokajan 1.5.8.1 sub-division) SHonijan 1 to 209, 211 to 226, 350 210,227,228,231,232,235 229,230,233,234,238 to 237,242,243, 250.252 to to 241, 244 to 249, 251, 255,275,277,331,332, 256 to 274,276,278 to 339, 340 to 351, 360 to 370, 330, 333 to 338, 352 to 375 to 377, 379, 381 to 387, 359, 371 to 374, 378, 390, 392, 397 are in region 380,388,389,391,393 no. 1.5.8.4 to 396, 398 to 407. I I I l_L__ _ Contd. 98 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 , I Diphu {Part) 26, 28, 29, 72, 118 to 79 8, 15, 19,20,41, 73 to 79, RI I i (under Bokajan 120,134 to 143,147, 106,107, 128to 133, 144t sub-division) 148, 153to 168, 185, 146, 149 to 152, 169, 178, 186, 188, 194, 195, 197 189 to 191,196,201 to 223 to 200, 284, 316, 320, 225 to 233, 235, 236, 238, 325, 329, 330, 331, 243 to 258, 265, 279, 280, 333, 339 to 343, 361, 285, 286, 289, 290, 297, 404,405,409 to 412, 300,301,303,304,308to 414 to 416,420 to 422, 313,317 to 319, 321, 324, 429,430,434 to 440 327, 328, 336 to 338, 344 to 360, 362 to 403, 406 to 408 413,417 to 419,423 to 426 431 to 433, 441 to 446 are in region no.1.5.8.3 1 to 7, 9 to 14, 16 to 18, 21 to 25, 27, 30 to 40,42 to 71 80 to 105, 108 to 117, 121 to 127, 170 to 177,179 to 184 187, 192, 193,224,234, 237, 239 to 242, 259 to 264 266 to 278, 281 to 283, 287 288, 291 to 296, 298, 299, I I 302, 305 to 307,314,315, 322, 323, 326, 332, 334, I j 335, 427, 428 are in region I 1 no. 1.5.8.4 - 1.5.8.2 I~! ! Jamuna I I Plain I I Phulani (Part) 6,7,9 to 11,13,14,17, 634 1 to 5,8, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, (under Djphu sub- 20, 23 to 25, 49, 53 to 21, 22, 26 to 48, 50 to 52, 77 division) 76, 81 to 87, 90 to 96, to 80, 88, 89, 97 to 100, 11 6, 101 to 115, 117, 118, 119 to 122,131 to 134,136 123 to 130, 135, 138, 137, 140, 493,496 to 502, 139, 141 to 492, 494, 508 to 517, 522 to 545, 547 495,503 to 507,518 to 634 to 549, 556,557,575, 585 t a 521, 546, 550 to 555, villages N.A. 589, 592 to 608, 615 to 619 558 to 574, 576 to 584, 646 to 658, 785, 793, 794, 590, 591, 609 to 614, 2 796, 805, 821 to 829, 833, 676 to 709, 713 to 735, towns 835 to 840, 844, 846, 848, 739 to 765, 781, 782, 855, 856, 864, 867 to 870, 784, 786 to 792, 795, 875 to 877 are in region no. 797 to 804, 806, 807, 1.5.8.1 810~812,81~ 81~ 620 to 645, 659 to 675, 710 820, 830 to 832, 834, to 712, 736 to 738, 766 to 843, 845, 847, 849, 780,783,808,809,81310 850,853,859,860,871 816,818,841,842,851, to 874, 878 to 901 852,854,857,858,861 to 863, 865, 866 are in region no.1.5.8.3 3 1.5.8.3 556 N.A. Diphu villages Forested 1 Hill town Contc 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Phulani (Part) 620 to 645, 659 to 675, 84 1 to 5,8, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, (under Diphu sub- 710 to 712, 736 to 738, 21, 22, 26 to 48, 50 to 52, 77 division) 766 to 780, 783, 808, to 80,88,89,97 to 100,116, 809,813 to' 816,818, 119 to 122,131 to 134,136, 841,842,851,852, 137, 140, 493, 496 to 502, 854,857,858,861 to 508 to 517, 522 to 545, 547 863,865,866 to 549, 556, 557, 575, 585 to 589,592 to 608,615 to 619, 646 to 658, 785, 793, 794, i I 796, 805, 821 to 829, 833, i i 835 to 840, 844, 846, 848, 1 855, 856, 864, 867 to 870, 875 to 877 are in region no. 1.5.8.1 6,7, 9to 11,13,14,17,20, I 23 to 25,49,53 to 76,81 to 87,90 to 96, 101 to 115, 117, 118, 123 to 130, 135, 138,139,141 to 492, 494, 495,503 to 507,518 to 521, 546,550 to 555,558 to 574, 576 to 584, 590, 591, 609 to 614, 676 to 709, 713 to 735, 739 to 765, 781, 782, 784, 786 to 792, 795, 797 to 804, 806,807,810 to 812,817, 819,820,830 to 832,834, 843,845,847,849,850, I 853, 859, 860, 871 to 874, ! 878 to 901 are in region no. I 1.5.8.2 i Diphu (Part) 8,15,19,2O,41,73to 191 26, 28, 29, 72, 118 to 120, I (under Bokajan 79,106,107,128to 134 to 143, 147, 148, 153 to I I sub-division) 133, 144 to 146, 149 to 168, 185, 186, 188, 194, I 152,169,178,18910 195, 197 to 200,284, 316, I I ! I 191, 196, 201 to 223, 320, 325, 329, 330, 331, I i 235,236,238,24310 333, 339 to 343, 361, 404, I i I 258, 265, 279, 280, 405,409 to 412,414 to 416, ! i. 285, 286, 289, 290, 420 to 422, 429, 430, 434 to I I 297,300,301,303, 440 are in region no. 1.5.8.1 I 304,308 to 313, 317 to 1 to 7, 9 to 14, 16 to 18, 21 319,321,324,327, to 25,27,30 to 40,42 to 57, 328, 336 to 338, 344 to 58 to 71,80 to 105, 108 to 360, 362 to 403, 406 to 117,121 to 127,170 to 177, I 408,413,417t0419, 17910184,187,192,193, I 423 to 426,431 to 433, 224,234,237,239 to 242, 441 to 446 259 10 264, 266 to 278, 281 I to 283, 287, 288, 291 to 296, I 298,299,302,305 to 307, 314,315,322,323,326, 332,334,335,427,428 are in region no. 1.5.8.4 I Diphu (Part) All villages 281 All villages are in region no. I (under Diphu sub- 1.5.8.3 division) ! I I I I I I I Contd. 100 - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 1.5.8.4 Nambor Silonijan 210,227,228,231, 57 1 to 209, 211 to 226, 229, Forest 232, 235 to 237, 242, 230,233,234,238 to 241, 243, 250, 252 to 255, 244 to 249,251,256 to 274, 275,277,331,332, 276, 278 to 330, 333 to 338, 339, 340 to 351, 360 to 352 to 359, 371 to 374, 378, I 370, 375 to 377, 379, 380,388,389,391,393to 381 to 387,390,392, 396, 398 to 407 are in region 397 no. 1.5.8.1 Diphu (Part) 1 to 7, 9to 14,16 to to 176 26,28,29, 72, 118 to 120, (under Bokajan 18, 21 to 25, 27, 30 to 134 to 143, 147, 148, 153 to sub-division) 40, 42 to 71, 80 to 105, 168, 185, 186, 188, 194, 108 to 117,121 to 127, 195, 197 to 200,284,316, , 170 to 177, 179 to 184, 320,325,329,330,331, 187, 192, 193, 224, 333, 339 to 343, 361, 404, 234,237,239 to 242, 405,409 to 412,414 to 416, 259 to 264,266 to 278, 420 to 422, 429, 430, 434 to 281 to 283, 287, 288, 440 are in region no. 1.5.8.1 291 to 296, 298, 299. 233 N.A. 8,15,19,20,41, 73 to 79, 302, 305 to 307, 314, villages 106, 107, 128 to 133, 144 to 315, 322, 323, 326, 146, 149 to 152, 169, 178, 332,334,335,427,428 1 189 to 191, 196, 201 to 223, town 225 to 233, 235, 236, 238, 243 to 258, 265, 279, 280, 285, 286, 289, 290, 297, 300,301,303,304,308to 313,317 to 319,321,324, 327,328,336 to 338,344 to 360, 362 to 403, 406 to 408, 413,417 to 419,423 to 426, 431 to 433,441 to 446 are in region no. 1.5.8.3 5 1.5.8.5 Bhoi Region Donka 1 to 25, 27 to 56, 67 to 97 26,57 to 66, 73 to 123, 125 72, 124, 268, 292, 296, to 135,148 to 198, 200, 201, 338,339,352,372to 214 to 218,220,221,315, 374,377 to 382,384, 97 N.A. 318 to 321, 327 to 330, 332 385,387,388,39Oto villages to 337, 340 to 351, 353, 355 392,394 to 397, 400 to to 371, 375, 376, 383, 386, 403,405,407,408, 389, 393, 398, 399, 404, 411,412 406,409,410 are in region no. 1.5.8.6 136 to 147, 199,202 to 213, 219,222 to 267,269 to 291, 1 293 to 295, 297 to 314,316, .317, 322 to 326, 331, 354 are in region no. 1.5.8.7 Contd. 101 11 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 /6 ) 1.5.8.6 ! I MikirH ills Donka 26,57 to 66,73 to 123, 190 1 to 25, 27 to 56, 67 to 72, 125 to 135, 148 to 198, 124,268,292,296,338, ! I 200,201,214 to 218, 190 N.A. 339,352,372 to 374,377 to I I 220,221,315,318to villages 382,384,385,387,388,390 ,i I. 321, 327 to 330, 332 to 1 to 392, 394 to 397, 400 to 337, 340 to 351, 353, town 403,405,407,408,411,412 355 to 371, 375,376, are in region no. 1.5.8.5 383, 386, 389, 393, 136 to 147, 199, 202 to 213, 398,399,404,406, 219,222 to 267,269 to 291, 409,410 293 to 295,297 to 314,316, 317,322 to 326,331,354 ~7-~87 are in region no. 1.5.8.7 : I Kopili Plain Donka 136 to 147,199, 202 to 125 1 to 25, 27 to 56, 67 to 72, 213,219,222 to 267, 125 N.A. 124,268,292,296,338, 269 to 291,293 to 295, villages 339,352,372 to 374, 377 to I 297 to 314, 316, 317, 1 382,384,385,387,388,390 322 to 326, 331, 354 town to 392,394 to 397,400 to 403,405,407,408,411,412 are in region no. 1.5.B.5 26,57 to 66, 73 to 123, 125 to 135,148 to 198,200,201, 214 to 218, 220, 221, 315, 318 to 321,327 to 330,332 i I to 337,340 to 351,353,355 I to 371, 375, 376, 383, 386, ! I 389,393,398,399,404, 406,409,410 are in region i~' L no. 1.5.8.6 102 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAILS DISTRICT: KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ... 19 Slate District Division Name of the Geology Soils I Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.e.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Karbi 1.5.8.1 Phulani, Jaintia & Ustalfs The region covers a large part of the district. It occupies 728 Angtong Karbi Phulani, Disang Aqualfs villages. Plateau Silonijan and group of Aquepts Diphu. rocks, (19). Udalls The region spreads over an area of 4283.00 sq.kms. in Khasi Ochrepts habited by 93186 population. The region is entirely a rural one green (22). and physiographically it is a detached continuation of the stones Ochrepts 'peninsular shield'. As a consequence 01 which it forms an (massive) Orthents extemely rugged and highly dissected terrain rising rather Hassalt, (72), sharply from the surrounding plain. The region has a maximum Granite, Ochrepts height of 1360 metres above the mean sea level near Diphu. A Pyroxone Aquepts· number of hot springs and water falls are found in the region. Granulite, Fluvents (85) Pegmatite, The drainages of the region run towards north in to the Shillong Brahmaputra river. The Kaliyani is the important river of the formation region. Other important rivers are the Diphu and the Deopani. rocks and Shear zone The forests of the region can be placed broadly under Northem Tropical Moist Deciduous forests and Northern Tropical Semi-Evergreen foresls. Important reserved forests are Karbi Anglong and Kaliyani reserved forests. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. The majority of population practise 'jhuming' or 'shifting cultivation'. Rice is the staple food crop. This region is industrially backward. The transport and communication facilities are not satisfactory. Human settlement seems to be scttered. 103 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ... 19 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics , Name Number & Administrative , Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 I ASSAM Karbi 1.5.8.2 Phulani Alluvium Udalfs·· The region occupies 634 villages. It spreads over an area of Anglong januna (Part) rocks, Ochrepts 513.00 sq.kms. inhabited by 16 1271 population of which 7835 Plain Khasi (22), are urban. The density of this region is 314 persons per sq.km. green Aqualfs The region makes its boundaries with Karbi Plateau region in the stone Aquepts (1), west, north and east, Oiphu forested Hills region in the south-east (massive) Ochrepts and district Nagaon in the south and south-westThere are two and Orthents towns in the region, namely, Dokmoka (T.C.) and Howraghat Granite (72) (T.e.). The topography of the region is entirely plain. The region rocks has a maximum height of 237 metres above the mean sea level near Mahamaya Parbat. This region lies in the Jamuna valley the largest and the most thickly populated area in the whole of the district which was previously covered by dense forests. The region is formed by the fluvial action of the Jamuna river. Alluvium rocks are found in large part of the region. Besides, Khasi green stones - (massive rocks) are found in south-eastern corner and granite rocks in the north-eastem comer of the area. Mineral wealth like Sillimanite and Pyrites are found in thiS region. Paddy is the staple food crop grown extensively in the region. The process of cultivation here is more or less the same as practised in other neighbouring regions. The other improtant crops are mustard, sugarcane and potato etc. The transport and communication facilities are not very much developed here. Human settlement seems to be compact comparing with other regions. Cottage industries like bamboo and cane works are found in and around Howraghat and Dokmoka towns. 104. STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KARBI ANOGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No .. 19 State District Division I Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & I Administrative Name Divisi°rUR.C.) 1 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Karbi 1.5.8.3 Phulani and Jainlia & Aqualfs The region spreads over the south-eastern part of the district Anglong Diphu Diphu Disang Aquepts occupying 556 villages. The region makes its boundaries with the Forested group of (1), Udalts Jamuna Plain region in the north-west, the Karbi Plateau region Hills rocks, - Ochrepts in the north, the Nambar Forest region in the north-east, Tipam (22), Nagaland state in the east and south-east, North Cachar Hills and Ochrepts district in the south and sout~l-west and the Nagaon district in the Surma Orthents west. group of (72) rocks, The region covers an area 011998.00 sq.kms. of which 16.48 Barail sq.kms. are urban. It has a population of 129996 persons of groupo! which 39547 are urban. The density of the region is 65 persons rocks, per sq. km. It has one town, namely Diphu, which is also the Khasi district headquarters. green stones Almost the entire region is covered with forested hills (massive) extending from the Brahmaputra in the north upto the Dhansiri and Fault and Jamuna valleys in the south recording a maximum height of (S.w. 10 598 metres above the mean sea level. Besides the Jamuna the N.E.) Diphu and the Dhansiri are the other important drainages of the region. Generally, Northern Trophcal Semi-Evergreen and Riverine type of forests are found inthis region. Important reserved forests of this region are the Dhansiri, the Disama and the Kaki. From geological point of view the region is cOl/ered by Tipam and Surma group of rocks (in the north-west and north-easl part of the region). Besides, the Barail group of rocks are also found in south-eastern part of the region. The transport and communication facilities are little better developed here. The National Highway No.36, and a tew important metalled and unmetalled roads pass through the region. A raillway line (metre gauge) from Dimapur to Lumding passes through it. Diphu is an important town of this region. Small scale industries like ply wood factories are located in and around the Diphu town. Human settlement seems to be scattered, concentrating mostly along the river valleys. 105 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No " . 19 State DislJict Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Karbi 1.5.804 Silonijan and Tipam & Ochrepts The region covers the eastern part of the district occupying Anglong Nambar Diphu Surma group Orthents 233 villages and one town i.e. Bokajan (T.e.), The region makes Forest of rocks, (72), its boundaries with the district of Golaghat in the north and east, Khasi green Ustalfs Nagaland state in the south-east comer, the Diphu Forested Hills stone Aqualfs region in the 'south-west and the Karbi Plateau region in the (Massive Aquepts west This region spreads over 464.00 sq.kms. 01 which 3.00 rocks), (19) sq.kms. are urban. The density of the region is 178 persons per Jaintia & sq.km. Disang group of The region has a maximum height of 404 metres above the rocks and mean sea level. There are some hot springs near Garampani Fault (S.w. which is a source of great tourist attraction. to N.E.) The Dhansiri river is the important river of this region which makes a common boundary between the districts of Karbi Anglong and Golaghat for a considerable distance. The banks of the river are low at several places where the river overflows during the floods and inundates large areas. Besides, the Doyang, the Deopani, the Nambar and the Daigrong flow through the region. The region is rich in forest wealth. Dense mixed jungles mainly bamboos, dense scrubs with tali grass and mixed decideous types 01 forest are found in the region. The transport and communication lacilities are moderately developed. The National Highway No.39 along with a good number of feeder roads pass through the region. A railway line (metre Gauge) passes through the south-eastem comer of the rrgion. Bokajan is an important industrial place where a cement plant is located. Bamboo and cane manufacturing is another important cottage industry. 106 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·19 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative I Name Division (R.C.) L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Karbi 1.5.8.5 Donka Tyrssad Ustalfs - The region covers north-west comer of the district, occupying Anglong Shoi Formations, Ochrepts 97 villages but no towns. The region makes its boundaries with Region Shear Zone, Orthents the district of Nagaon in the north and east, the Karbi Hills region Shillong (18), in the south and Meghalaya state in the west. The region spreads formations Aqualfs over an area of 598.00 sq.kms. inhabited by 34238 population. and Granite Aquepts (1) The density of the region is 57 persons per sq.km. rocks The region is a hilly one. The Umium river flows through it which is called the 'Killing' in its lower part. The bed of the river consists of boulders and gravels. Geologically, Tyrssad formation rocks are found in the western part and the Shillong formations in the southem part along with granite rocks in the centre. The Shillong formations are considered to be equivalent to the Pre-Cambrian Dharwar formations of the south. The region is covered with two types of soils as follows: Ustalfs-Ochrepls-Orthenls (18) cover the western part and Aqualfs-Aquepts (1) the eastern part of the region. The transport and communication facilities are very poor. No National Highway, important metalled road or railways pass through the region. Human settlement is scattered. 107 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS OISTRICT : KARBI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·19 Istrict Division Name 01 the GeOlogy Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics ame Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.l 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Karbi 1.5.8.6 Donka Shiliong Ustalls The region covers 190 villages of Oonka revenue circle. It is Anglong Karoi Hills Formations, Ochrepls bounded with Meghalaya state in the south and west, the Shoi Granite rocks, Orthents region and Nagaon district in the north, the Kopili Plain region in Pegmatite, (18), the east and North Cachar Hills district in the south east. The Jaintia & Aque1fs region has one town e.g. Hamren (T.e.). It spreads over an area Oisang group Aquepts (1) of 1993.00 sq.kms., inhabited by 67718 persons of which 3761 of rocks, are urban. The density of population is 34 persons per sq.km. Khasi green stones The region is covered by hills spilled over from the Khasi and (massive Jainlia group of hills of the Meghalaya. These hills have less rocks) and forests than those 01 the eastern part of the district. The Barapani Shear zone. is the important river of this region. As the source of the river lies in a region of heavy precipitation it brings down large discharge and while passing through the low lying areas it spills copiously right from the foothills. Geologically, the region is covered entirety with Shillong formation rocks with some pockets of granite, pegmatite, Jaintia and Disang group of rocks and Khasi green stone (massive rocks) found occasionally over the region. The soils of the region are as tollows: Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) spreads over the western part and aqualfs-Aquepts (1) is found over the eastern part 01 the region. The transport and communication facilities here are very poor. No National Highway and railway pass through the region except a few unmetalled roads. Human settlement seems to be scattered. 108 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KARSI ANGLONG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No -.·19 District Division Name of the The region is very important and interesting from the geological point of view. The stnke line of Shillong formation generally lies north-east to south-west and the dips are moderate to the south-east. Sedimentary stuctures like current-bedding, cross bedding, ripple marks etc. are common in the Quartzites. Besides, alluvim rocks, granite rocks, and Khasi green stone (massive rocks) are also found In the region. It is entirely covered by Aqualfs-Aquepts (1) type of soil. The transport and comunication facilities are poorly developed. But on the contrary the human settlement seems to be more compact than other regions of the district. 109 DISTRICT NORTH CACHAR HILLS ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) The North Cachar hills district is located in between 24 0 57' ,,00'; and 25° 48' 00" North latitudes and 92 0 32' 00" and 93° 28' 00" East longitudes. The district is: bounded on the north by the Karbi Anglong and Nagacn districts, on the east by the Nagalan~ and Manipur states, on ttTe sou~ by the Cachar district and on the west by Meghal~ya state and part oftQe Karbi A~gloag district. it covers an area of 4888 sq.kms. of which 4870.21 sq.km. are urban with a popuf,~tion of 150801 persons ( 116315 rural and 34486 urban ). It has a density ofonlY'31 persons pe(sq.km. _" . '. , ':\ . ~ \"" ~ . " -~, Th'f{district consists of two sub-divisons, namely, Hafiong and Maibong. Haflong sub-division : cpntains tw~.!evertoe circles, namely, Hafiong and Umra~gso and two towns, namely, Haflong and Mahur. ;':;On the other hand Maibong sub-division comprises of one revenue Circle and one town of the same name. 'The majority of the population of-the district are scheduled tribes. . :,. , ,c ..' .'.' " Physiographically, the district is described .. as a compact and rugged hillY:area;.lt ls'bounded pn the west ,by th~_Jointia hills and on the south by the Barail range. The.pri~cipat .drain~g~ of the district is lhe Diyung river which rises near Mahur and flows a tortuous course thr()u~h ttle center.of the cfistrictBesides, numerous small 'torrential streams cris-cross the district. Most of the ' QV~ liave '~teep gradients and generate tremendous velocities which make them unfit for navigation.' ~ <', " More or less· the entire district is covered wittt forests. The upper parts of the hills are usually covef~d with dense forests. Important reserved forests in the district are the Krungming Reserved Forest. ancfclhe Langtingmaupa Reserved Forest. " ••~; 'y ;.._ ... ;,_ . 'OJ The geological formation of the district consists of alluviums, Tipam and Surma, 8arail and Jointia and Disang groups of rocks together with Basalts and Shillong formation rocks. The soils in the district as classified. by N.B.S.S.and I.CAR. (Nagpur) belong to Aqualfs-Aquepts (i), UstaJfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18), Udalfs-Qchrepts (22) and Ochrep~,: Orthents (72) sub-orders. The important characteristic of the soil is its high acidity. Rice is the staple foodhere. Other important crops in the district are mustard, sugarcane and potato. Fish is also considered as a major food item by a vast majority of population Though abundant row materials are available here the district is still industrially backward. The transport and communication facilities are also not satisfactory though a railway line ( metre gauge) and some important metalled roads pass through the region. Human settlement is very much scattered due to hilly topography. Haflong is the district headquarters and an important town. The district is a part of Karbi Anglong and North Cachar hills (1.5.8.) micro region which is divided in to three sub-micro regions on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 111 1.5.8.1. Cachar Hills West:- The region covers north-western part of the district, occupying 205 villages. It is entirely rural which covers an area of 1515 sq.km. with a population of 38781 persons. It has a density of 26 persons per sq.km. It exhibits a rugged topography belonging to $hillong.plateau ( Jointia Hills). The Diyung river flows in the region making a com.lTlon sub-mien,:> regional boundary with Cachar Hills East region. h· : ' 1.5.8.2. Cachar Hills t:8fJt:- The region occupies north-eastern part of the district, covering 166 villages and one town, namely, Maibong. It has an area of 1575 sq.km (1573 sq.km. are rural and 2.00 sq.kms. urban ). The region has a pOpulation of 39511 persons consisting of 33612 rural and 5899 urban. It has a very low density of 25 persons per sq.km. The region is entirely hilly. Here too, the Oiyung river forms the common sub-micro regional boundary with Cachar Hills West region. 1.5.8.3. Barail Range :- The region spreads over the southern part of the district occupying 210 villages and 2 towns, namely, Haflong and Mahur. It covers an area of 1800 sq.kms. of which 1784.21 sq.km. are rural and 15.79 sq.km.'urban. The region has 72509 population of which 43922 are rural and 28587 urban. The density of population here is 40 persons per sq.km. Topographically it is a rugged hilly ar~a constituting of the eastern flanks of the Jointia hills and the northern flanks of the Barail range. 112 . CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 21 ASSAIl NORTH CACHAR ' HILLS DISTRICT CStSUS CODE 20 4 • 12 Q .L=I ::::::J N ) II II DISTRICT , • 5 .. .. I (~ (IWI IIllS '!lEST , • 5 ••• J CACHAR IIllS EAST I • 5 . • . 3 BARA.. HAllIE .. B USTAlfS _ OOIIPTS - .-nuTS DOUIIDARY, ~T"TE •••• . •.•.• • . • • 11 ~ IJDN.FS _ oomn ., DlSTlllCT •.•...•.••... .. REV£U CIKL[ ...... n 0 0CJtIm _ CIIOOITS R£SUIVED flIRtST WITH MAlE .. i:: '~.i;. ':. ) UllSAN AIIU ...... • .•. .• • •.•••. ~ OTHf:R II'OIIT AlIT IIOAD.. • • • • • • • • •• • •_-=:=--_ RAlWAY lM WITH STATIDH,I1UIIl OAUOt • I II I ~ I I I RIVER All) STR£,I." .• • •••••••••• • •• ~ rmIIDNAl IIMSIIIIS ...... 1.5. • :.' ..... _.. .. ""eM ------_ ------_ IESO ------_ - -- UIIJ] IA...... ,...... -1 IICRO - _ ------ste-ltCllO WITH IIOUNIlARY -- -- - ~ JAIITIA & ISMi .. ~IWlT I R.od tllo ,...._•• 1 regional """"". vIth rol..--. t. tho .. ~ I .....r)nlokl 1ncII .. eMu .. t. 3 tier J !i2a --I'MTIII I. R_ ChI. 1M ...... "...... IIOtIonoI. Z. In ,u. 01 Nor'" C... tel Ihtrkt, PoIIcI .Iatlafts hi" IIHII milM H 1In_ Clrrl ... , .. "" C_ ]. UtbIn _ Ir MaIv II1II tile.... ItllftJ could fIOt be IDee'ocI II1II t. IIICk II Inl... otIoft . DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: N.C.HILLS STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 20 r----·--,- --~- j No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) I District Region No / Name villages Region II'>Jame 1991 (1991 ) in each Region _. 1991 T R U j- R U - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1.fj.8.1 205 - - - - 38781 38781 - Cachar HillsWest C A 5.8.2 166 1 Town -- 2.00 39511 33612 5899 C Cachar Hills Maibong (T.C.) H East A R H I 5.8.3 210 ' 2 Towns Barail Range 1. Hafiong (T.C.) - - 15.79 72509 43922 28587 I L 2. Mahur (T.C.) I L I [__ ~L 115 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: NORTH CACHAR HILLS STATE: ASSAM Census Code No' 20 SI. Division No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in R.e. Towns in Sq. Km Division -- 1 --2"- 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1.5.8.1 Cachar Hills Umrangso All villages 140 All villages are in region no. West 1.5.8.1 Hafiong 1to 5. 7, 21, 99, 128, 51 6,8 to 20, 22 to 98, 100 to 130, 131, 133 to 142, 205 127, 129, 132, 143 to 152, 153 to 155, 161, 164, villages N.A 156 to 160, 162, 163, 165 to 194, 195, 199 to 219, 193, 196 to 198, 220 to 223, 224,235 225 to 234, 236, 237 are in region no. 1.5.8.3 Maibong 29,30,34,36,40,67to 14 1 to 20, 22 to 28, 31 00.33, 72, 74, 78, 162 35,37 to 39,41 to 55,57 to 65, 73, 75 to 77, 79, 83 to 132, 134 to 137, 139 to 161, 166,171, 174 to 181, 184 to 187, 191 to 193, 196 to 204 are in region no. 1.5.8.2 21, 56, 66, 80 to 82, 133, I 138,163 to 165,.167 to 170, 172, 173, 182, 183, 188 to 190, 194, 195 are in region no. 1.5.8.3 lj . 1.5.8.2 Maibong 1 to 20, 22 to 28, 31 to 166 29, 30, 34, 36, 40, 67 to 72, I I. Cachar Hills 33, 35, 37 to 39, 41 to 166 N.A. 74, 78, 162 are in region no. I East 55, 57 to 65, 73, 75 to villages 1.5.8.1 i 77, 79, 83 to 132, 134 1 21, 56, 66, 80 to 82, 133, to 137,139 to 161, 166, town 138,163 to 165,167 to 170, 171, 174 to 181, 184 to 172,173,182,183,188to 187, 191 to 193, 196 to 190, 194, 195 are in region I I 204 no. 1.5.8.3 11.5.8.3 Maibong 21, 56, 66, 80 to 82, 24 29, 30, 34, 36, 40, 67 to 72, r-- Barail Range 133, 138, 163 to 165, 74,78,162 are in region no. ! I 167 to 170, 172,173, ~.5.8.1 I I 182, 183, 188 to 190, 1 to 20, 22 to 28, 31 to 33, ! i i 194, 195 210 NA 35, 37 to 39, 41 to 55, 57 to I 65, 73, 75 to 77, 79, 83 to I villages 132, 134 to 137,139 to 161, 2 166,171, 174 to 181, 184 to towns 187, 191 to 193, 196 to 204 are in region no. 1.5.8.2 Hafiong 6, 8 to 20, 22 to 98, 100 186 1 to 5,7,21,99,128,130, I to 127, 129, 132, 143 to 131, 133 to 142, 153 to 155, I 152, 156 to 160, 162, 161, 164, 194, 195, 199 to ) I 163, 165 to 193, 196 to 219,224,235 are in region 198, 220 to 223, 225 to no. 1.5.8.1 LL 234,236,237 116 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: NORTH CACHAR HILLS STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..-20 I State District Division Name of the I Geology Soils Physio - Cullura I Characteristics Name Number & Administrative : I Name Division (R.C.) I I I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM N.C. 1.5.8.1 Umrangso, Alluvium Aqualfs The region covers the northern and western part of the district Hills Cachar Haflong and rocks, Jaintia Aquepts (1), occupying 205 villages. 11 is bounded by the district of Karbi Hills West Maibong & Disang Ustalfs Anglong in the north, Cachar hills East region in the east, the groiup of Ochrepts Sarail Range region in the south and Meghalaya state in the rocks. Barail Orthents west. group of (18). rocks. Ochrepts The region is entiely rural which covers an area of 1515.00 Bessall, Orthents sq.kms. with 38781 population. It has the density of 26 persons Shillong (72), persq.km. formations Fault Physiographically, the region is an extension of the Shillong Plateau which is entirely rocky and hilly. It is a rugged terrain constituting the eastem flanks of the Jaintia hills which rises to a maximum height of 2450 metres above the mean sea level. The Diyung is the important river which forms the sub-micro regional boundary with Cachar Hills East region. The bed of the river is rocky and full of gravels. This region is covered with forests consisting of Krungming reserved forest hills. Geologically, the region is composed of the SaraH group, Jaintia and Disang group, alluviums, Bassalt and Shillong formation rocks. Soils in the region belong to Aqualfs-Aquepls (1), Ustalfs·Ochrepts-Orthents (18) and Ochrepts.()rthents (72) sub-orders. The important characteristics of the soil is its high acidity. Rice is the staple food. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are also poor. A single metalled road passes through the region. Hman settlement is scattered and mostly found along the small, narrow river valleys. 117 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NORTH CACHAR HILLS STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·20 ! State District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics i Name Number & Administrative Nama Division (R.C.) t=1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM N.C. 1.5.8.2 Maibong Jaintia & Aqualls The region covers north-eastern part of the district, occupying Hills Cachar Disang Aquepts (1), 166 villages of Maibong revenue circle. It faces boundaries with Hills East group, Udalfs the Nagaon and Karbi Anglong districts in the north, Nagaland Alluvium Ochrepts state in the east, Ihe Barail Range region in Ihe south and Ihe rocks, (22) Cachar Hills West region in the west. Barail Ochrepts group and Orhents (72) It covers an area of 1575.00 sq.kms. with a population of Tipam and 39511 persons. It has a density of 25 persons per sq.km. The Surma region has one town i.e. Maibong (TC.) group of rocks, Physiographically, the region is also rocky and hilly which has Faull. a maximum height of 720 metres above the mean sea level. The prinCipal drainage channel of the region is the Diyung river which forms the sub-micro boundary with the Cachar Hills West region. The geological formations of the region cover mostly the Barail group of rocks which belong to Oligocene and Eocene age. Alluvium rocks cover a very small area in the northem part. Besides, Jaintia and Disang group and Tipam and Surma group at rocks are also found in the region. The upper beds of Surma series are composed mainly of soft, sandy shales within sand stones. Soils found in the region are of Aqualfs-Aquepts (1), Udalfs· Ochrepts (22) and Ocherepts-Orthents (72) varieties. Rice is the staple food. Industrially the region is backward. The transport and communication facilities are comparatively better than Cachar Hills West region. A railway line (metre gauge) passes through the region. Human settlements are scattered over the area depending upon its topography. 118 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHVSIO·CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT' NORTH CACHAR HILLS STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. :20 listrict Division Name of the Ge, Physio - Cultura' Characteristics ~ame Number & Administrative ,~ I ~," I Name Division (RC.) 2 3 4 5 I 6 ASSAM I', C 1,5.8.3 Maibong Barall Aqualfs The region spreads over the southem part of the distrk-t I-iills Barail and Haflong grouJ, Aquepts (1) covering 210 villages. It faces Meghalaya state in the west, the Range Tipa:n and Ustalfs eachar district in the south, Manipur and Nagaland in the east, Sum,a Ochrepts the Cachar Hills East and Cacha' Hills West regions in the north, grOUf) and Orthents JainLa and (18), Udalfs The region covers an area of 1800,00 sq,kms, with a Disal1g Ochrepts population of 72509 persons. The density of population here is group of (22), 40 persons per sq.km. The regio,l has two towns, namely, rocb. Ochrepts Haflong and Mahur, Orttlents (72) Physiographically, Ihe entire region exhibits an unever topography with a maximum height of 1004 metres abovB Ihe mean sea leveL It is composed (,f the eastem flanks of the Barail range. Near Haflong the difference between the plateau land and the hill is well marked due to the presence of a thrust fault known as Hallong-Disang fault. This block of land IS regarded as a part 01 ancient Gondwana Land. AlmJst all the rivers of the region are swift flowing with steep gradient that results in tremendous valocities which make them unlit for navigation. The upper portion of the hills are coverecd with dense forests but lower slopes are generally cleared for shifting cultivation. Geologically, the region is composed mostly of the BaraH group of rocks, represented by a thick succession of well bedded grey buff and brown shales. The Tipam and surma group of rocks are also seen concentrated in the south-eastern part of the region. The soils in the region belong to Aqualfs-Aquepts (1), Ustaifs Ochrepls-Orthents (18), Udalfs-t)chrepts (22) and Ochrepts Orthents (72) sub-orders. The soils in the hilly tracts retain high contents of organic matters and Nitrogen due 10 its virginity, The region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are also not adequately developed. A railway line (metre gauge) and a metalled road pass through the region. Footpath along the slopes of the hills are the common means of transport and commullication here. Human settlement is scattered. 11~ GOALPARA DISTRICT ( REGIONAL DIVSION ) Goalpara district is lying on sou th-westem comer of the state to the south of the river Brahmaputra. The district is located in between 25° 07' 30" and 260 13'15" North latitudes and 90°07'00" and 91°06'30" East longitudes. It is bounded in the north by the Brahmaputra, in the east by the Kamrup district, in the south by the state of Meghalaya and in the west by the Dhubri district. It covers an area of 1824 sq. kms. of which 1806 sq. kms. are rural and 17.96 Sq. kms. urban with a population of 668138 persons (616042 rural and 52096 urban ). It has a density of 366 persons per sq. km. The district is devided in to five revenue circles, namely, Lakhipur, Baiijana, Matia, Dudhnoi and Rangjuli and two towns, namely, Lakhipur and Goalpara. A few off-shoots of the Meghalaya range protrude towards the river Brahmaputra with bare rocks in the form of low hillocks. The lands near the Brahmaputra are subjected to annual floods and are covered by dense grass and reeds. The general inclination of the land shows a gradual rise towards south and swamps give way to rice fields. The homesteads of the cultivators are surrounded by dense grass, areca palms, plantains and bamboos. Most of the district is a level plain devoid of noticeable hills. The Brahmaputra river enters the district on the north-eastern part and flow in a east west direction before entering in to the Dhubri district in the west. The whole drainages of the district find their ways in to the Brahmaputra. Its prinCipal tributaries are the Deosila, the Dudhnoi, the Krishnai and the Balbola. Flood is a common feature of these rivers. The Brahmaputra remains navigable throughout the year though it is restricted to particular channal during the dry season. There are large number of bils in the district, which are mostly the submerged low-lying areas. Climatically the district is a part of the Assam valley where the south-west monsoon is the dominant factor among the tour seasons in a year. The Monsoon season prevails from June to September. December and January are the coldest months. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial ongm. Occassional presence of Khasi greenstone and some other rocks called Archaean inselbergs are found scattered here and there. It has been found that Archean metamorphic complex with intrusive granite and pegmatite occur in various parts of the district as isolated hillocks surrounded by extensive alluviams. Soils in the district as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.C.A.R are of Udalfs-Ochrepts, Udalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents-Fluvents(22), Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents(38) and Orthents Ochrepts{58) sub-orders. They are mostly of alluvial origin. The soils vary from sandy to loamy with poor sand near the Brahmaputra to stiff clay towards south which is unfit for cultivation. Rice is the staple food crop in the district. Other important crops are mustard. pulse, wheat, jute and sugarcane. Fishes are commonly found in the bils, ponds, tanks and rivers, which is a common dish of the rich and the poor alike. 121 Handloom weaving, sericulture, pottery making, cane and bamboo works are important cottage industries while saw mills. rice mills, flour mills, oil mills etc. are important small scale industries located here. There is a good network of National Highways, State Highways and other important metalled roads providing inter and intra-district facilities. A broad gauge railway line (under construction at present) passes through the district, while completed wiould help the district to figure in the railway map of India. Human settlement is compact on the alluvial plain but scattered on hills. The Goalpara district is a part of Westem Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.1.) which is devided into three sub-micro regions on the basis of topography, geology, soil, forest, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.1.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain :- The region occupies 346 villages. It has a population of 256353 persons of which 247334 are in rural and 9019 in urban. There are two towns, namely, Lakhipur and Goalpara. The region is a flat alluvial plain,formed by the deposition of the Brahmaputra . The lands near the river are subjected to regular floods and covered by grass and reeds. Its geology is of alluvial origin. The region produces a substantial amount of Ravi-crop mostly by the migrants of the floating community. 2.7.1.2. Andhannua-Ajaghar Hills Tract:- This region has 230 villages and is entirely rural. It has a population of 217508 persons. The region consists mainly of hills which are, intact, out flanked spars of the Meghalaya plateau. Important rivers in the region are the Jinjiram. the Balbola and the Krishnai, which are the tributories of the Brahmaputra on its south bank. Geologically the region is composed mainly of Khasi green stone and granite rocks. 2.7.1.3. Dudhnoi Basin: This region lies over the south-eastem comer of the district, occupying 258 villages. The region is entirely rural. It has a population of 194277 inhabitants. The region is mostly plain excluding a few scattered hillocks. The krishnai and the Dudhnoi rivers flow through it and meet the Brahmaputra in the north. Vegetations mainly consist of grass, reeds, bamboo and sal trees. Geology of the region is mainly of alluvial origin. --x--- 122 ~r------~-- :::::! ...c: .2 i .. i - .....o ...:! .~ i .Q .; Ii .D .... !i "D Ii I e:.. ~ :.. I '"t...i Di ' 11.1" ' ,' , I I : I I • : · l t ; ~ ! i ~ : : : : · ...... · - .. / :;. () ~ . ~ I b 01:: ' fl i I) VI H Q « (5 z ou.. (/) ::l (/) Z UJ o DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: GOALPARA STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODe NO. - 04 1 No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (19 91) District , I~eglon No I Name villages Region f Name 1991 (1991 ) in each I Region 1991 ,------, T R U T R U 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 " f' 2.71.1 346 2 Towns N.A. N.A. 17.96 299430 247334 52 096 I Brahmaputra 1- Lakhipur (T. C) G Flood Plain 2. Goalpara (M.B) , o A - 2.71.2 230 N.A. NA N.A. 174431 174431 Andharmua L Ajaghar Hills Tract p - A 2.71.3 258 N.A. N.A. N.A. 194277 194277 Dudhnai R Basin A I I I I L__ _ - 125 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: GOALPARA STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 04 ~'I Division No / Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional (village Code No as per ! 1991 villages and DiviSion in 1991) I I in R.C. Towns in Sq. Km I Division I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ; 1 2.7.1.1 Brahmaputra lakhipur 1 to 189, 191 to 246 245 190, 247 to 267 are in region Flood Plain n02.7.1.2 Balijana 1 to 11,18,22,42 to 55 12 to 17,19 to 21,23 to 41, I . 49, 52 to 62. 64, 199 50, 51, 63, 65 to 198 are in I to 220 346 NA region no 2.7.1.2 Matia 1 to 9, 12, 13,49 to 46 villages 10, 11, 14 to 40, 132 to 140, 60, 66 to 79, 88 to 96 143 to 147 are in region no ! 2 town;; 2.7.1.2 41 to 48,61 to 65,80 to 87, ! 97 to 131,141,142 .. 148 to ! .. 156 are in region no 2.7.1.3 \- _ f-:;:-, I 2 2.7.1.2 Andharmua lakhipur 190, 247 to 267 22 1 to 189, 191 to 246 are in I - Ajaghar region no 2.7.1.1 Hills Tract I! Balijana 12to 17,19t021, 23 165 230 1 to 11, 18,22,42 to 49, 52 / to 41,50,51,63,65 to villages NA to 62,64, 199 to 220 are in 198 region no 2.7.1.1 I Matia 10, 11,14t040,132 43 1 to 9, 12, 13,49 to 60,66 to i to 140, 143 to 147 79,88 to 96 are in region no \ 2.7.1.1 41 to 48,61 to 65,80 to 87, I 9710131,141,142,148to 156 are in region no 2.7.1.3 f--=--- 3 2.7.1.3 Dudhnoi Dudhnoi All villages 67 All villages are in region no. Basin 2.7.1.3 Rangjuli All villages 124 258 N.A. f-An villages are in region no. villages 2.7.1.3 Matia 41 to 48, 61 to 65,80 67 1 to 9, 12, 13,49 to 60,66 to to 87,97 to 131, 141, 79, 88 to 96 are in region no 142,148 to 156 2.7.1.1 10, 11, 14 to 40, 132 to 140, 143 to 147 are in region no 2.7.1.2 I l I 126 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: GOAL PARA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code '04 I ! State District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics ! Name I Number & Administrative i i Name Division (R.C.) !_-- 1 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 .. ASSAM Goalpara 2.7.1.1 Lakhipur, Alluvium Udalfs - The region covers the westem and northem parts of the district, Brahmaputra Balijana and rocks, Ochrepts occupying 346 villages of which 245, 55 and 46 villages belong to Flood Plain Malia Granite (22), Lakhipur, Balijana and Malia revenue circles respectively. group of Psamments rocks. - Fluvents The region faces its boundaries with Bongaigaon and Barpeta Khasi Aquents (38) districts in the north, Ohubri ditrict in the north-west, Andharmua green Orthents Ajaghar Hills tract region in the east and the state of Meghalaya stone Ochrepts in the south. (Massive) (58) The region possesses a total population of 299430 persons of which 247334 are rural and 52096 urban. The region, having 2 towns, namely, Goalpara (Municipal Board) and Lakhipur (Town Committee) occupy an area of 17.96 sq.kms. resulting an urban density of 2901 persons per sq.km. There are 3 villages having 5000 and above population, namely Aolatoli, Takimari Reserve and Gobindapur. Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain. The river Brahmaputra flows along the northern part of the region towards west. Besides, the river Jinjiram also flows in the region passes through Lakhipur Town. Geologicallty, the region is mostly covered with Alluvium rocks including Granite group. Khasl green stone (massive and schistose) are foiund scattered in the region. Soils as Udalts Ochrepts(22), Psam ments - Fluvents - Aquents (38) and Orthents - Ochrepts (58) are tound in the region. Rice is the staple load 01 the masses. The tans port facilities are fairly developed in the region. The National Highway NO.37 passes through the Goalpara town, two state highways and a lew other important metalled roads are also available in the region. This region is moderately developed in industrial sector, Handloom and weaving industry are common among the rural habitats. Some saw mills and Rice mills are located scattered in the urban areas ot the region. Besides, some small scale industries are also available in the town areas. 127 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: GOALPARA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code' 04 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name NumberS, Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 a2 3 4 5 ~ 6 '7 ASSAM Goalpara 2.7.1.2 Lakhipur Alluvium Udalfs The region covers the central part of of the district, Andharmua 8alijana and rocks, Khasi Ochrepts occupying 230 villages of which 22,165 and 43 villages Ajaghar Malia green stone (22) belong to Lakhipur, Balijana and Matia revenue circles Hills Tracl (Massive· Psamments respectively. Schistose), - Fluvents Granite Aquents (38) The region faces its boundaries with Brahmaputra Flood rocks -Orthens Plain in the north and west, Dudhnai Basin in the east and Ochrepts Meghalaya state in the South (58) The region is entirely rural with a population Of 174431 persons. Physiographically, the region is hilly which has the maximum height of 555 metres and the minimum height of 38 metres approximately from the sea level. There are several hills in the region such as Ajaghar, Andharmua and Pancharatna which are in fact the outlying spurs of the Shillong pleateau and represent the oldest rocks. The Jinjiram and the Balbola are the important rivers which flow through the region and meet the Brahmaputra river in its south bank. The Urpad bil in the region is the largest depression on the south bank of the Brahmaputra which is also the source of the Jingiram river. The hills are covered with dense mixed jungles such as Sal tree, grass and bamboos. Geologically, the region is covered with Alluvium and granite groups of rocks. Khasi green stone - massive and SCistose are also found in the region. The soils are Udalfs-Ochrepls (22), Psamments - Fluvenls - Aquents (38) and Orthents Ochrepts (58). Rice is the prime food of the people. No notable industry is located in this region. The transport and communication facilities in the region is adequate. The National Highways NO.37 and 51 and a State Highway pass through the region. 1'28 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT ~ GOALPARA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code: 04 DIstrict ! Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics -] Name Number & Administrative I Name Division (R.e.) '1 ------~--~-----+------~7------~ £. : 3 4 5 6 A~,SAM Goalpara 2.7.1.3 Dudhnai, Alluvium Udalfs - The region spreads over t'1e eastern part of the district Dudhnai Rangjuli and ro·~ks, Ochrepts (22) occupying 258 villages which comprises of the entire 67 and Basin Malia K~,lasl Psamments- 124 villages of Oudhnai and Rangjul and 67 viUages of Matia grclen Ftuvents- revenue circles respectively. stl)ne Aqents (38) (Massive) The region is entirely rural having a population of 194277 persons. From physiographic point of view, the region is entirely plain excluding some isolated hills. These low range hills are the outflanks of the Shillong plateau. The Dudhnai, the Krlshnai and the Deosila arA the important rivers in the region and ultimately fall into the Brahmaputra. The region is cOile red with grass and bamboo trees. Dense 'Sal' trees are found in the region. Geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin excluding Khasi green stone - massive ricks concentrated in the eastern and south-westem part of the region. Soils in the region are Udalfs-Ochrepts (22), and Psamments-Fluvenls Aquents (38). Paddy is the main crop of the villagers. The transport and communication is moderately developed. The National Highway No.37 and some other metalled roads pass through the region. fndustrial development is poor in it. 129 DISTRICT DHUBRI (REGIONAL DIVISION) Dhubri district is the south-western most district of the state of Assam which is extending on both sides of the river Brahmaputra. The district is located in between 25° 28' 00" and 26° 25' 30" North latitudes and 89° 42' 00" and 90° 29' 00" East longitudes. The district is bounded in the north by the district of Kokrajhar, in the east by the Goalpara and Bongaigaon districts, in the south by the state of Meghalaya and in the west by Bangladesh and West Bengal state. The district is covering an area of 2838 sq. kms. of which 2810.76 sq. kms. are rural and 27.24 sq. kms. urban with a population of 1332475 persons (1170494 rural and 161981 urban). It has the density of 470 persons per sq. km. The district is divided into three sub~ivi$ionst namely, Dhubri, Bilasipara and South Salmara-Mankachar. The Dhubri sub-division consists of three revenue circles, namely Agamani, Golokganj and Dhubri and three towns, namely, Golokganj, Dhubri and Gauripur. The Bilasipara sub-division covers three revenue circles, namely J Bilasipara, Chapar and Bagribari and three towns, viz. Bilasipara, Chapar and Sapatgram. The South Salmara-Mankachar sub-division consists of two revenue circles, namely, South Salmara and Mankachar and only one urban centre i.e. Mankachar. The major portion of the district is a flat plain through the southern part of which flows the Brahmaputra .. A few off-shoots of the Meghalaya plateau protrude from the south towards the river and across in certain places. The areas near the Brahmaputra are subjected to annual floods and is covered by dense grass and reeds. Away from the river the level of the land rises and swamps give way to rice fields. The homesteads of the cultivators are surrounded by dense grass, palms, plantains and bamboos. The Brahmaputra is the principal river which enters the district near Bilasipara town and takmg a mild south-westernly tum enters Bangladesh. The Gaurang, the Sankosh, the Siloi, the Gadadhar and the Gangadhar are the five major tributaries from the Himalayas traverse the district and join the Brahmaputra. On the south bank its main tributary is the Jinjiram river. Flood is a common feature of the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. The Brahmaputra remains navigable throughout the year. Shoals are continually formed causing serious im(l\.~iments to navigation and occasional change in channels. . . Climaticallyin this part of the state the year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season is from December to February . The next three months may be termed as the season of thunder stormes. The south-west monsoon season is from June to September. October and November constitute the post- monsoon season. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin. Pegmatite rocks cover a very small portion in the southern part of the district adjacent to Meghalaya. Massive rocks cover two small portions in the north eastern part alongwith Ferruginous Quartzites covering a very small portion. 331 Soils in the district as classified by N.B.B.S. and I.C.A.R. are ot Udalts-ochrepts (22) and Udalfs-Ochrepts -Orthents-Fluvents (24) sub-groups. They are mosUyof alluvial origin. The soil varies from sandy to loamy. It consists of sand and clay in varying proportions ranging from poor sand near the Brahmaputra to stiff clay away from it which is unfit for cultivation. The staple food of the district is rice. Other important crops are mustard, pulses, wheat, jute and sugarcane. Fish is also considered to be a major food item by a vast majority of the population, commonly found in bils, ponds, tanks and rivers. Handloom weaving, sericulture, pottery making, cane and bamboo works are important cottage industries in the district, while saw mills, oil mills etc. are important small scale industries. A match factory is located at Dhubri. There is a good network of roads. National Highways and important metalled roads provide good inter and intra-district communications. A railway line (metre gauge) connects the district with other parts of the state. Human settlement is compact on the alluvial plain. The district is divided into three sub-micro regions on the basis of topography, geology, soil, forest and natural vegetations. They are as follows: 2.7.1.1. Golokganj-Bijni Plain:: This region covers the north-western part of the district covering 426 villages. It has 340179 population. The region has two towns, namely, Sapatgram and Golokganj. It is a flat alluvial plain. The Gadadhar, the Silai and the Sankosh are the three rivers flow through the region, from north to meet the Brahmaputra in the south. The geology of the region is mainly of alluvial origin having patches of Khasi green stone - massive rocks at places. 2.7.1.2. Baukumori Bairaberchura Hills Tract: The region covers 60 villages with a population of 35759 persons which is entirety rural. The region consists of plain and hills as wetl. Some of the hills attain a considerable height and are covered by green vegetations. The Gaurang is the important river which traverse the region from north to south. Geologically, the hills in the region are composed of metamorphic rocks while the plain is of alluvial origin. 2.7.1.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: This Region covers 874 villages. It has a population of 956537 inhabitants of which 813396 are rural and 143141 urban. There are five towns in the region, namely, Dhubri, Mankachar, Bilasipara, Chapar and Gauripur . It is an alluvial plain of recent origin formed by the deposition of the Brahmaputra river. The lands near the Brahmaputra are subjected to regular floods and are usually covered with grass and reeds. It is suitable for paddy cultivation and _other cash crops like jute, mustard and vegetables. -----x---- 132 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 23 ASSAM DHUBRI DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 01 AEQlotCAL OIYlIIONI a .. a T le" " ~ DmlIIC:T 0W«iC II RfCilOlU.L .OUHIIMU • 1fn.. " ._.r , II: I II III•• f ..... ,...... ,,_,. "'-. --.....,. ..." ''_...... II·'·H , .1: ~ "...... 'iiOAi:;~~''' ' ' .. '.'' .. ''''.,... '.. ' l ( li,tHI j ) ", / ""'.. ~, .:1;'- . .' . '.. ! II.H '''l r'7 _. , _ ~~ _. Ji''ml i(('" n~~i'~ ,,~ ..""\" .".r .. -U~,~j.~~ ,,""'. t ~~~~ ._,. ·.(~·I-5; ·::}:: :~~~t:;<" ~ " -,, ·J.·V, I ~ . ,.,.' ..... ,.. _.. "',{ • C4t • ~ tcUII4RY, IITtJlllATICINAI. , . , , , , , , , , • , , . _ ._._ ~ .. SlATf """ .. ""."." .. "", _,,_ ,, _ ~ It 11151.' ." .... , ... ,,,,,,, ...... _ ._ ._ ~ " n."":JIOUIjjQIj " ." .. " " .. " ...... $" SlII·t«:IQ ._ (GIIl.1f11 ...... " . ,,;,. UHlI ,. """.... ,,: .. ~.. ,, ... I· ',~I ( • ARfA TIWCSI'I ..D'_ IiOAU'AaA D1S1l11Cl J::'<::'c..' ~~ 115T':' lP _U alATlU _ . lUllUCl.~ ' OUIIIIMY. IIfTtM.tTIOIW. ••. , ... • -_.- " suu ... ", ... " .... _ .. _ .. _ n IXSlJI('T •• . •••••••. ,. _._._ " NMIU (JI(lf"." .. _._. __ VLlAG( IU. VIIi' _ .uti .... oll( I'1II'IA.ATIDN WITH !WI( .. , .10< ..... IMUII AVA ." , ...... " .... '. , f'7ff4...0Za M4 TIOIW. tt DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: DHUBRI STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 01 --. "~-" ----,- { I i No. of No, ofTowns in Area in Sq, Km in Region Population in Region (1991) I Dlstnct i Region No I Name villag es Region I Name 1991 (1991) ~~ ch : Reg ion I 1 T R U T R -u- f--1_ I __ _2__ -+-_19 3q 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.7 1.1 42 6 2 Towns N.A. N.A. 6.45 340179 321339 18840 1. Sapatgram (TC) Golokganj 2. Golokganj (CT) Bijni - Plain D - H 2.71.2 60 N.A. NA NA 35759 35759 - Baukumori Bairaberchura Hills Tract U 2.7 1.3 87 4 5 Towns Brahmaputra 1. Dhubri (MB) B Flood Plain 2. Mankachar (CT) N.A. NA 20.79 956537 813396 143141 3, Bilasipara (TC) 4, Chapar(TC) 5, Gauripur (TC) R I .'----___L______--'--_ 135 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: DHUBRI STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 01 SI. Division No I Revenue Circle location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in R.e. Towns in Sq.Km Division f-' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2.7.1.1 Golokganj - Agomoni All villages 83 All villages a~e in region no. Bijni Plain 2.7.1.1 Golokganj 1 to 64, 73 to 103,111 106 65 to 72, 104 to 110, 122 to to 121 146, are in region no. 2.7.1.3 Dhubri 1 to 33, 38, 39, 47 to 38 34 to 37, 40 to 46, 50 to 222 49 426 are in region no. 2.7.1.3 Bagribari 1 to 52, 54 to 76, 83 to 84 villages N.A. 53, 77 to 82, 91 to 100, 102 90,101 to 238 are in region no. 2 Towns 2.7.1.3 Bilasipara 1 to 48, 51 to 57, 98 to 96 49, 50, 58 to 97, 101 to 106, 100, 107 to 144 145 to 194 are in region no. 2.7.1.3 Chapar 1,51 to 68 19 2 to 35, 40 to 50, 93 to 95, 97 to 108 are in region no. 2.7.1.2 36 to 39, 69 to 92, ! 96, 109 to 163 are in region I no. 2.7.1.3 !2 2.7.1.2 I I Baukumori i Bairaber - Chapar 2 to 35, 40 to 50, 93 to 60 60 N.A. 1, 51 to 68 are in region no. j chura Hills 95,97 to 108 villages 2.7.1.1 I Tract 36 to 39,69 to 92,96, 109 to I 163 are in region no. 2.7.1.3 ~ 2.7.1.3 Brahmaputra South Salmara All villages 201 All villages are in region no. I Flood Plain 2.7.1.3 j j Mankachar All Villages 113 All villages are in region no. I 2.7.1.3 ! Golokganj 65 to 72, 104 to 110, 40 874 1 to 64, 73 to 103, 111 to ; i 122 to 146 villages 121 are in~on no. 2.7.1.1 I Dhubri 34 to 37, 40 to 46, 50 184 1 to. 33, 38, 39, 47 to 49 are to 222 5 in region no. 2.7.1.1 1 I Bagribari 53, 77 to 82, 91 to 154 Towns N.A. 1 to 52, 54 to 76, 83 to 90, 100, 102 to 238 101 are in region no. 2.7.1.1 Bilasipara 49,50,58 to 97, 101 98 1 to 48, 51 to 57, 98 to 100, to 106, 145 to 194 107 to 144 are in region no. 2.7.1.1 . Chapar 36 to 39, 69 to 92, 96, 84 1, 51 to 68 are in region no. 109 to 163 2.7.1.1 ,2 to 35, 40 to 50, 93 to 95, 97 to 108 are in region 2.7.1.2 136 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DHUBRI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code :01 Stale District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administra-tive Name Division (R.C.) I I --- r-1 ) 3 4 5 6 7 _j___ =l ASSArv' DhublJ 2.7.1.1 Agomoni, Alluvium Udalfs The region covers most of the northern part of the district, Golokganj, rocks. Ochrepts - occupying 426 villages comprising of five revenue circles namely, Golokganj Bagribari, Khasi Fluvents Agomoni - all 83 villages, Golokganj -106, Bagribari - 84, Bijni Plain Chaparand Green (24) Bilasipara - 96 , Chapar - 19, and Dhubri - 38 villages. Dhubri Stone Orthents - (Massive) Ochrepts The region faces its boundaries with Kokrajhar district in the (58) north, Boukumori Bairaberchura Hills Tract region in the east, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain in the south and parts of West Bengal and Bangladesh in the west. The total population in the region is 340179 of which 321339 are rural and the 18840 urban. There are 2 towns in the region namely, Sapatgram (Town Committee) and Goloiganj (Census Town) occupying an area of 6.45 sq.kms. Thus, the urban density is calculated at 2921 persons per sq.km. It has only one village, namely, Chagolia Pt.1I having 5000 and above population. Physiographically, the region is a flat aI/uvial plain. The rivers Gangadhar, Gadadhar, Sankosh, Gaurang and Silai are flowing from north to south through this region. Most of these rivers are meandering due to the very lOW gradient of the region. Geologically, the region covers Alluvium and Khasi greenstone - massive group of rocks, Soils consist of Udaltts - Ochrepts - Orthents - Fluvents (24) and Orthents - Ochrepts (58). Paddy is the main foodcrop in the region. The transport and communication facilities are available In the entire region. A metre gauge railway fine, the National Highway No.31 , State Highways and some other important metalled roads pass through the region. Some small scale industries like rice mills are available in the region. 137 STATEMENT ON REGiON-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DHUBRI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code:01 State Distnct Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Admi nistrative Name Division (R.C.) r 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Dhubn 2.7.1.2 Chapar AllUVium Orthents The region covers a small part in the north-eastern corner of rocks Ochrepts the district. It occupies 60 villages of Chapar revenue circle. Khasl green The boundaries of the region consist of Kokrajhar district in stone the east, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain region in the east, and the (Massive) south and the Golokganj-Bijni Plain region in the west. The region is entirely rural with a population of 35759 persons. Physiographically, the region is a flat plain. The Champamali river is flowing through the eastern boundary of the region. Geologically, the region has Alluvium and Khasi green stone - massive group of rocks, Soils are of Orthents-Ochrepts sub-order. Rice is the staple food of the villagers, The transport and communication in this region is fairly developed, The National Highway No, 31. a State Highway and a few important metalled roads pass through this area. No notable industry is located in this region. 138 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DHUBRI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code :01 i-State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative - i I Name Division (R.C.) : 1-- Ll 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Dhubri 2.7.1.3 South Sal mara, Alluvium Udalfts - The region covers the entire southern part of the district occupying 874 villages belonging to seven revenue circles= Brahmaputra Mankachar, rocks. Ochrepts Flood Plain Golokganj, Pegmatite (22) Udalfs namely, South Salmara (entire 201 villages), Mankachar (113), Dhubri, group of Ochrepts Golokganj (40), Dhubri (184), Bagribari {154), Bilasipara (98) Bagribari, rocl Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain. The Brahmaputra river flows through the region covering almost fifty per cent of the total area of the region under it. The other important rivers e.g. the Gangadhar, the Gadadhar, the Silai, the Sankosh, the Gaurang and the Champamati flow through the region to meet the Brahmaputra river in the sOllth. The Jinjiram is a south bank tributory of the Brahmaputra here. Geologically, the entire region is the formation of recent alluviums with occassional impregnation of Pegmatite and Bended ferruginous group of rocks along with the Khasi green stone - massive. The soil conSists of Udalfs-Ochrepts (22), Udalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents- Fluvents (24) and Orthents Ochrepts (58) sub-orders. The main food crop of the region is paddy. . The transport and communication facilities are rnoderately developed here, The National Highway No.31. a metre-gauge railway line and a good number of important metalled roads exist in the region. There locates a large match factory near the Dhubri town, No other industries of considerable importance are located in this region. 139 KOKRAJHAR DISTRICT ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Kokrajhar district is the north-westernmost district of Assam which lies on the north side of the river Brahmapurtra. The district is located in between 26° 17' 45 " and 26° 54' 30" North latitudes and 89° 47' 00" to 90° 31' 00" East longitudes. The district is bounded on the north by Bhutan, on the east by the Bongaigaon district, on the south by the Dhubri district and on the west by the state of West Bengal and Bhutan. It covers an area of 3129 sq.kms. of which 3111.80 sq.kms. are rural and 17.20 sq.kms. urban. with a population of 800659 persons (749935 rural and 50724 urban) . It has a density of 256 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into two sub-divisions, namely, Gossaigaon and Kokrajhar. The Gossaigaon sub-division consists of two revenue circles, namely, Gossaigaon and Bhaoraguri and one town of Gossaigaon. The Kokrajhar sub-division consists of three revenue circles, namely, Kokrajhar, Dotoma and Sidli (part) and two towns of Kokrajhar and Basugaon. The major portion of the district is a flat plain. A few rivers originating from the Bhutan Himalayas traverse through the district from north to south. They are the Sankosh, the Madati, the Hel, the Jokati. the Saralbhanga. the Dhopani, the Bhur and the Aie. There are five reserved forests, namely, the Ripu, the Kachugaon, the Chirang, the Bangtol and the Guma. The region has a gentle slope from north to south. The homesteads of the cultivators are surrounded by dense grass, areca palms, plantains and bamboos. The northern part of the district is a latter accretion in the geological chronicle known as the Eastern Duars. It is a sparsely populated area and is mostly covered by tall grasses and dense forests. The northern part forms the foothills topography of the Bhutan range. The western and southern parts are absolutely flat. Most part of the district is a level plain with conspicuous absence of hills. The Aie, the Saralbhanga and the Sankosh usually cause floods in the district which is a common feature of these rivers. Added by hundreds of torrential streams at their upper reaches these rivers are very turbulent during floods. Climatically the district has an intermediate feature between the North Bengal plain and Assam valley. While the former has a distinct hot season with day temperatures in April and May higher than in the rest of the year, in the Assam valley the south-west monsoon season is the hottest part of the year with mild winter. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin. The Tipam and Surma group of rocks cover a minute portion in the northern part of the district. Hills are conspicuously absent over the plain. Soils in the district as classified by NBSS and ICAR belong to Udalfs-Ochrepts Orthents Fluvents (24), Orthents-Ochrepts (58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) sub-orders . The soils vary from sandy to loamy. In the duars the soils are, for the most part, light gravel. The 141 staple tood ot the district IS rice. Other important crops are mustard, pulses, wheat, Jute and sugarcane etc. Fishes are commonly found in bils, ponds, tanks and rivers. Handloom weaving, sericulture. pdttery making. cane and bamboo works are the important cottage industries in the district. The small scale industries constitute of saw mills, rice mills, flour mills and oil mills etc. A National Highway No.37, a few important metalled roads and other roads provide good inter and intra-district communications. Railway lines, both broad guage and metre gauge pass through the district. Human settlement is compact over the district. Kokrajhar district is a part of the Western Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.1.) Nhich is divided into three sub-micro regions on the basis of topography, geology, soil, forest, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain: The region covers the northern part of the district, occupying 95 villages. It is entirely rural with a population of 96876 persons. The region belongs to foot hills topography of the Bhutan range. Important rivers, such as the Saralbhanga, the Hel, the Sankosh, the Aie etc. traverse the region from north to south. These rivers emerge from the Bhutan range and find their ways into the Brahmaputra river. The region is covered with grasses, reeds, bamboo and mixed type of forests of simal and sal trees. Its Geology is mainly of alluvial origin excluding the Tipam and Surma group of rocks. 2.7.1.2. Golokganj - Bijni Plain : This region covers 792 villages with a population of 683375 persons. of which 632651 are rural and 50724 urban. The region has three towns, namely, Gossaigaon, Kokrajhar and 8asugaon. It is a flat alluvial plain. The Sankosh, the Madati, the Gangia, the Saralbhanga. the Tarang etc. are the rivers flowing through the region from north to south. It's geology is mainly of alluvial origin. 2T1.3. Baukumari - Blairaberchura Hills Tract: There are 42 villages in this region, with a population of 20408 inhabitants. The region is entirely rural. It;s a flat plain and is geologically dotted with hills composed of metamorphic rocks. The plain part is composed of at!uviums. The region is so small in tenns of area that no important river or good net-work of communication is available there. ------X ------ 142 ... ~ ~ ~ 1 . ~ . ,. , I · ,; ~ Ii 1: ! -!- i ~ Hi ~~D ..~ N III II 00, :J 00 Z w u ' DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: KOKRAJHAR STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 02 l---T .. - , No. of No. ofT owns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) i District RegIon No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991 ) i , in each i Region r--- 1991 T R U T R U 11=, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i~---·- 2.7.1.1 95 - N.A. N.A. N.A. 96876 96876 - Northern K Foot Hills Plain o 2.7.1.2 792 3 Towns K Gofokganj-Bijni 1. Gossaigaon N.A. N.A. 17.20 683375 632651 50724 Plain (TC) 2. KokraJhar (MB) R 3. Basugaon (TC) A J - H 2.7.1.3 42 N.A. NA NA 20408 20408 - Baukumori Bairaberchura A Hills Tract R 145 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: KOKRAJHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 02 Div:-isl:-.on--N:-:-o-/:-r--=R-ev-e-nu-e----:C~ir--:-cle·---,--:-Loc-a-tl-·on-C-=-od-e-:N-o.-o-=-f--r-::r=-ot-a--:-I N-o-. -r--r-ot-al-N-o-. -'--A-re-a-of~'-----R-em-a-rk-s----- rsr-i I No Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per ! I 1991 villages and Division in 1991) i in RC. Towns in Sq. Km ~ -+ Division ~f--t ___. ~ __ -+____ 3____ ~----4--- __+_--5-_T---6- __-+----7~~1--.-----~8------1 I 2.7.1.1 Northern Foot Hills Plain Gossaingaon . 1 to 3 3 4 to 335 are in region no I 27.1.2 Dotoma ! 8 to 10 3 1 to 7, 11 to 173 are in region no 2.7.1.2 Kokrajhar 1 to 7 7 8 to 79,82 to 99,101,102, 95 NA 108 to 123,126 to 141,147 villages to 149,151,153 to 157,159 to 162, 166 to 184 are in region no 2.7.1.2 80,81, 100,103 to 107, 124, 125, 142 to 146, 150, 152, 158, 163 to 165, 185 to 205 are in region no 2.7.1.3 Sidli (Part) 1 to 82 82 83 to 123 are in region no 2.7.1.2 2 2.7.1.2 Golokganj - Bijni Plain Gossaingaon 4 to 335 332 1 to 3 are in region no 2.7.1.1 Dotoma 1 to 7,11 to 173 170 8 to 10 are in region no 2.7.1.1 Bhowraguri All villages 93 792 All villages are in region no. villages N.A. 2.7.1.2 Kokrajhar --~8~to~7~9,~8~2-ro~9~9,~1~01~,~1=56~~ 1 to 7 in region no 2.7.1.1 102,108 to 123, 126 3 80,81,100,103 to 107, 124, to 141,147 to 149, Towns 125,142 to 146,150,152, 151,153 to 157,159 158, 163 to 165, 185 to 205 to 162,166 to 184 are in region no 2.7.1.3 Sidli (Part) 83 to 123 41 1 to 82 are in region no 2.7.1.1 ~ ! 2.7.1.3 I Baukumori- Bairaber I chura Hills 'I Tract ! Kokrajhar 80,81,10Q,103to 42 42 NA 1t07inregionn02.7.1.1 I I 107,124,125, 142 to villages 8t079,82to99,101.102, 146,150,152,158, 108 to 123,126 to 141,147 I 163 to 165,185 to 205 to 149, 151, 153 to 157,159 I to 162, 166 to 184 are in l__ .~ ______~ ______~ ______~ _____~ ____~ _____~_~re~gi=on~n~0~2.~7._1.~2 __. __ ~ 146 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSro.CULTURAL DEl AILS DISTRICT " KOKRAJHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code -02 , State District Division Name of the I Geology Soils Physio - Cullural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative r ,-----! Name Division J.I3.~ . 1 2 3 __4_ . 5 7 ,------~. 6 ASSAM I{okrajhar 2.7.1.1 Gossaingaon Alluvium OrIhents This region covers the northem part of the district Northem Ooloma, Rocks. Ochrepls occupying 3, 3, 7 and 82 nos of villages from GossalngaoJl, Foot Kokrajhar and Tipam& (58) Ootoma, Kokrajhar and Sidli (Part) revenue circles Hills Plain Sidli (Part) Surma respectively. I Miocene excluding The region is bounded by Bhutan in the north, Pontian) Bongaigaon district in the east. the GoIikganj-Bijni Plain Group of region in the south and West Bengal in the west. 'ocks The region is entirely rural with a population of 96876 persons. There are 2 vmages having a population of 5000 and above, namely. Mativita r.v. and Patabari F.V. in it. From the physiographical point of view. the region is entirely hilly covering the foothills of Bhutan range. Two reserved forests, e.g. the Rupa Banglol and chirang are located in this region. The important drainages are the Sankosh. the Madati, the Jakati, the He!, the Saralbhanga. the Dhojpani, the Shur and the Aie, which are the tributaries of the Brahmaputra river in its north bank. The rivers carry extensive silt and debrises from the higher reaches and deposit the same to the Brahmaputra after sprinkling a good amount of their sediments over the banks. Geologically, the region is formed with alluvium rocks. Besides, the Tipam and Surma (Miocene exduding Pontian) group of rocks are also found in it. The soils in the region belong to Orthents - Ochrepts (58) sub-order. Paddy is the prime food crop of the scattered inhabitants. The transport and communication system in the region is poor. Only a few metalled roads pass through this region. No industry is located here. 147 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIC-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KOKRAJHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code :02 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) _1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Kokrajhar 2.7.1.2 Gossaingaon, Alluvium Udalfts - The region covers almost the entire southern part of the district Dotoma, Rocks, Ochrepts - occupylflg 792 villages composed of 332 and 170 villages from Golokganj Bhowraguri, Khasi Orthents - the Gossaingaon and Dotoma revenue circles and the entire 93, --Bijni Plain Kokrajhar and green Fluvents (24) 156 and 41 villages of Bhowraguri Kokrajhar and Sidli (Part) Sidli (Part) stone Orthents revenue circles respectively. (Massive) Ochrepts (58) It is bounded by Northem Foot-Hill plain region in the north, Ochrepts - Bongaigaon District in the east, Boukumori - Bhairaberchura Hills Aquepts Tract region in the south-east, Dhubri district in the south and Fluvents (8S) West Bengal in its west. The total population of the region is 683375 of which 632651 are rural and 50724 urban. It comprises of 3 towns, namely, Kokrajhar (M.B.), Gossaingaon (T.C.) and Basugaon (T.C.) These together cover an area of 17.20 sQ.kms. resulting an urban density of 2949 persons per sq.km. The villages, namely, Sismari F.V., Haltugaon F.v. and Salakati, each having a population of 5000 and above fall in the region. Physiographically, the region slopes down to the south. The Sankosh river flows a few kilometres towards south along the westem boundary, turns south-west and then west after passing some distance. Other rivers e.g. the Madati, the Jakati, the Hel, the Saralbhanga and the Tarang are passing through this region. Transport and communication facilities in this region are moderately developed. Railway line, both broad gauge and metre gauge, a National Highway (No.31) and a State Highway criss cross the region. A Thermal Power Project is located at Salakati in this region. A few small scale industries like rice mills and saw mills etc. are scattered over the region. 1t.8 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KOKRAJHAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code '02 Statr District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics r Name Number Admmistrative & Name Division (R.C.) t-l-' 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Kokrajhar 2.7.1.3 Kokrajhar Alluvium Orthents - The region is a small one in terms 01 areal extension, covers Baukumori· rocks. Ochrepts the south-eastem corner 01 the district. It occupies 42 villages 01 Bhairabarch Khasi green (58) Kokrajhar revenue circle. ura stone Hill Tract (Massive) It faces its boundaries with the Golokganj - Bijni Plain region in the north-west, 80ngaigaon district in the east and Dhubri district in the south. The region is entirely rural with a population of 20408 persons. Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain. From the geological aspects the region lies entirely over alluvium rock formation excluding a few patches of Khasi green stones (massive). Soils belong to Orthents-Ochrepls (58) sub-order. The transport and communications 1acilities are far from satisfactory here. A railway line and a State Highway pass through the region that could not meet the need of the masses. 149 DISTRICT BONGAIGAON ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Bongaigaon district lies on the north bank of the river Brahmaputra. The district is located in between 26° 08' 30" and 26° 51' 30" North latitudes and 90° 20' 45" and goo 57' 45" East longitudes. On the north it is bounded by the country of Bhutan, on the east by the Barpeta, on the south by the Goalpara and Barpeta, and on the west by the Dhubri and Kokrajhar districts. It covers an area of 2510 sq.kms. of which 2493.36 sq.kms. are rural and 16.64 sq.kms. urban with a population of 807523persons ( rural 733669 and urban 73854 ). It has a density of 322 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into three sub-divisions, namely, Bongaigaon. Bijni and North Salmara The Bongaigaon sub-division consists of two revenue circles i.e. Sidli ( part) and Bongaigaon and two towns, namely, Bongaigaon and New Bongaigaon Railway Colony. The Bijni sub-division consists of Bijni revenue circle and Bijni town while North Salmara sub-division consists of two revenue circles and two towns e.g. Srijangram and Boitamari Revenue circles and Abhayapuri and Jogighopa towns. The major portion of the district \s a level plain. The lands adjacent to the Brahmaputra are subject to usual floods and is covered by dense grass and reeds. Away from the river the l~veJ of the land rises and swamps give way to rice fields and becomes conspicuous with homesteads of the cultivators surrounded by dense grass, areca palms, plantains and bamboos. The northern part of the district is. sparsely populated and is mostly covered by tall grass and dense forests covering up to the foothills of the Bhutan Himalayas. The remaining part of the district is absolutely plaIn. The Brahmaputra flows through the southernmost part of the district in a east-west direction. The whole drainages of the district ultimately finds their way in to it. The Manas; the Agrong, the Aie, the Kanamakra etc. are its principle tributiories. The climate of the district is similar to its counter part of Kokrajhar. Though geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin but occasional protruding of Lower. ,Gondwana super-group, granite, Khasi green stone and Pyroxene Granulites are also found in the district here and there. Soils in the district as classified by NBSS and ICAR belong to Psamments - Fluvents Aquents (38), Orthents-Ochrepts (58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) sub-orders. The soils are of alluvial origin and vary from sandy to loamy. consisting of sand and day in varying proportions, from poor sand near the Brahmaputra to stiff clay away from it. The staple food of the district is rice, The important crops include mustard, pulses, wheat. jute and sugarcane etc 151 Handloom weaving, senculture, pottery making, cane and bamboo works are important cottage industries while saw mills, rice mills, flour mills, oil mills, etc. constitute the small-scale sector. The Refinery cum-petro chemical complex at Dhaligaon near Bongaigaon town is the only heavy industry located in the district. Besides, there is a thermal power project near Bongaigaon. Another large scale industry namely, Ashok Paper mills Ltd. at Jogighopa has since been closed. The Caustic soda and Chlorine plant at Jogighopa and railway workshop at Bongaigaon are other important industries in the district Bongaigaon and Jogighopa are the important industrial towns. There is a good road network of National Highway, state highways and other important metalled roads connecting the district with different parts of the state. Railway lines (metre gauge as well as broad guage) also connect the district with rest of the country. Human settlement is compact over the region. The district is divided in to four sub-micro regions on the basis of topography, geology, soil, forest, climate and natural vegetations. They are as follows : 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain: The regIon covers the northern part of the district, occupying 69 villages. This region is entirely rural with a population of 56847 persons. The region belongs to foothills topography of the Bhutan range. Important rivers such as the Sukan Taklai, the Kanamakra, the Agrong and the Manas flow here from north to south. These rivers emerge from the Bhutan range and find their ways in to the Brahmaputra. Vegetations like grass, reeds, bamboo, simalu and sal trees moderately cover the region. It's geology is mainly of alluvial origin. 2.7.1.2. Golokganj :... Bijni plain: This region covers 522 villages and two towns, having 480929 persons of which 457914 are rural and the rest are urban. This region is a flat alluvial plain. The Manas river flows through the region which is most unstable and meandering in nature. Besides this the Aie and the Agrong are the two important tributaries of the Brahmaputra. Its geology is mainly of alluvial origin excluding some Khasi green stone-(massive) and other rocks protruding at places. 2.7.1.3. Baukumori - Bairaberchura Hills Tract: This region occupies 169 villages and two towns namely, Bongaigaon and New Bongaigaon, where 198179 persons reside of which 149272 are rural and 48907 urban. The region consists of plain and hills as well. Some of the hills are considerably high and covered by green vegetations. The important river in this region is the Champamati. There are number of bils in the region. Geologically the hills in the region are composed of metamorphic rocks while the plain is composed of alluviums. 2.7.1.4. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: This region covers 139 villages. It has a population of 71568 . persons of which 69636 persons are rural and 1932 urban. Only one town, e.g. Jogighopa is located in this region. The entire area is a flat alluvial plain formed by the deposition of the Brahmaputra river. The lands near the river are subjected to regular floods and are covered by grass and reeds. Human settlement is moderately distributed. ----.-- X ---- 152 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 25 ASSAM BONGAIGAON DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 03- REGIONAL DIVISIONS , l: " B H U TAN ...... "" .... NAill: 01' TO~M1 L BOIIIWGAIIII 2. IlEW IlClllUlliMlllIlALWAY toLOIIY 3. lUll 2.7 .1.1 - NORTHERN fOOT- HLlS PLAJI 2.7 .1. 2 - GOlOKGANJ-BUNI PLAN 2.7.0 - . BAUKUHORI-IAIRAII£RCHURA ,._tS TRACT 2.1.tIt - IIRAHI'IAPU1RA fLOOD PLAIN ,... ",". _'"'7' . IlIlJIoIIARY, INTERNATIONAL .. .• ..• . • • . ••• . ..• • •. _. _._ ( VV~V'l;' i V~V · DlSTR1CT • • • . , . , .•.• '" , •• •• . . . • • • . _._._._ ~. '~ ~ ' ,' . ·15· · ... I+RI REVENUE CIRClE ...... ''Vt1l~li'' t :':....I':"/ ..·...... ?II:t±IIPSAlftNTS-FllMllTS-Ao. UOITS RESERVED FflRfST WITH ""HE . •. ••• • •• • . • ~~ _. ."1 ·n· . "slmORTllDlTS-OOIm'TS Vl.LAlIt: HAVII& 500Q AND ABOVE POPUlATION WITH NAME . B... t;""" ~ I . ....y ,. IS t:3 OCHREPTS-AIlUEPfS-FllMll1S IJllBANAREA...... ~ NATIONAL HIGHW AY • • • • • • • • • •• ••.•••• ••• •• • •• ___..u:JII--I ! V ;'ft . . ' STATE HfGII\oIAY. • • . . • • . . • . . • . . . • • • . • . • • . . . . SH -'- .\t. OTHiI!·\HPORT"NT ROAIJ . • • • . •... • •. • •• ...... _= .._,_ .... U ·n. WA Y LII« WITH STATION .. !!ROAD GAUGE. • . . • • • . . • i! .. .. _ " . I'£TR£ GAUGE...... It Ila, II RMR AIC!l STREAM. • . • ~ .7'!\...... '. .•.. ~ REGIONAL DIVISION. • • . . • . • .. . • • ...... •• ~: • . 2. 1. 1. 1 t1ACR(). ·_ I'IESII_ ItCIIO SUB-HlCRO WITH BOIJItI)AIIY I Read the sequence of regional di.,isions ~jth reference to the all India lIIap codes up to 3 ' tier. I P.y. - I'OII£ST VLUa! DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: BONGAIGAON STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 03 ---r- No. of No. ofTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) I Oi strict Region No { Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region 1991 T R U r--'--· R U --t- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.7 'f.1 69 - NA NA N.A. 56847 56847 - ~ B Northern FootHills Plain o N 2.7 1.2 522 2 Towns N.A. NA 7.74 480929 457914 23015 Golokganj 1. Bijni (T.C) Bijni Plain 2. Abhayapuri G (T.e.) A 2.713 169 2 Towns I Baukumori 1. Bongaigaon N.A. N.A. 7.35 198179 149272 48907 Bairaberchura (M.6) Hills Tract 2. New Bongaigaon Rly. G Colony (C.T) A o 2.7.1.4 139 1 Town Brahmaputra Jogighopa (C.T) N.A. NA 1.55 71568 69636 1932 Flood Plain N 155 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: BONGAIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 03 sr-- Division No I Revenue Circle location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional (village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in R.C. Towns in Sq. Km Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2_7.1.1 Northern Bijni 1 to 22, 26 to 35, 64 to 69 69 NA 23 to 25,36 to 63,76 to 104, Foot Hills 75,105 to 116, 173 to villages 117 to 172,176 to 182.187, Plain 175, 183 to :86, 189 188, 195to 343 are in region to 194 no 2.7.1.2 2 2.7.1.2 Golokganj - Bijni 23 to 25, 36 to 63, 76 274 1 to 22, 26 to 35, 64 to 75, Bijni Plain to 104,117 to 172, 105 to 116, 173 to 175, 183 176 to 182, 187, 188, to 186, 189 to 194 are in 195 to 343 region no 2.7.1.1 Sidli (Part) 1 to 89, 92, 96, 97, 99 97 522 90,91,93 to 95, 98,102 to to 101,113,125 villages N.A. 112, 114 to 124 are in region no 2.7.1.3 Srijangrarn 11 to 19,22.39 to 151 2 towns 1 to 10, 20, 21 23 to 38, 104 103, 108 to 163, 171 to 107, 164, 170 are in to 186, 205 10208 region no 2.7.1.3. 165 to 169, 187 to 204,209 to 211 are in region no I 2.7.1.4 I 3 2.7.1.3 Baukumori - Srijangram 1 to 10, 20, 21, 23 to 34 11 to 19, 22, 39 to 103, 108 Bairaber - 38, 104 to 107, 164, to 163, 171 to 186, 205 to chura Hills 170 208 are in region no 2.7.1.2 Tract 165 to 169, 187 to 204,209 to 211 are in region no 169 2.7.1.4 Sidli (Part) 90, 91, 93 to 95, 98, 28 villages N.A. 1 to 89, 92, 96, 97, 99 to 102 to 112, 114 to 124 101,113125 are in region 2 towns no 2.7.1.2 Bongaigaon All Villages 76 All villages sre in region no. 2.7.1.3 Boitamari 1 to 22, 24 to 26, 128, 31 23,27 to 127, 129 to 135, I I 136.to 140 141 to 144 are in region no I 2.7.1.4 - 2.7.1.4 14 Brahmaputra Boitamari 23, 27 to 127, 129 to 113 1 to 22,24 to 26, 128, 136 to ! Flood Plain 135,141 to 144 140 are in region no 2.7.1.3 Srijangram 165 to 169, 187 to 26 111019,22,39 to 103,108 I 204,209 to 211 139 to 163, 171 to 186,205 to villages N.A 208 are in region no 2.7.1.2 I 1 to 10, 20, 21, 23 to 38, 104 1 town to 107, 164, 170 are in I region no 2.7.1.3 156 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DelAILS DISTRICT: BONGAIGAON STATE: ASSAM CENSUS LOCATION CODE :03 O$trict i Division Nameollhe Physio - Cultural Chamcteristics Name i Number& Administrative G"" I $dO I Name Oivision (R. C.) 2 i 3 4 5 6 7 . -- ~--- -.~~ I d ASSAM Bongai - 2.7.1.1. Bijni A.lluvium Orthents This region covers the northern part of the district, gaon Northern 'ocks Ochrepts occupying 69 villages of Bijni ,evenue Clrde. Foot (58:, Hills Ochrepts The region faces Bhutan in the north, Barpeta district in Plain Aqllepts the east, the GoIokganj-Bijni Plain region in the south and FIU'lents (85) Kokrajhar district in the west. The region is entirely rural with a population 01 56847 persons. There are 2 villages having 5000 and above population, namely, Amtaka Tenga F.V. and Katia Malia F.V. Physiographically, the region belon9s to foothills topography of Bhutan range Important rivers in the region are the Manas, the Agrong, the Kanamakra, the Sukan, the Taklai and the Aie. All these fiVers flOWing from north to south mostly run through the Manas reserved forest and ultimately fatl into the Brahmaputra river This region is entirely covered with forests where fropical Semi-Evergreen type of forests are commonly found. Bamboo and Simul trees alongwith tall grasses are the natural beauty of this region. Geologically, the region is composed of Alluvium rocks. Orthens-Ochrepts (58) and Orchrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) types of soil are found in the region. Rice is the staple food. The region is backward in industrial aspects. Transport and communication facilities are also poor. Neither a railway nor a National Of State Highway pass through this region. 157 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: BONGAIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code :03 I State r District Division Name of the G~~Oi~IS~~------np~hy=s~~-~cu~H~um=I~C~ha~m~ct~e7riS~ti~------, Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R C.) t~ 2 3 4 '~6 ASSAM 8ongai- 2.7.1.2 Bijni, Alluvium Psamments This region covers most ot the eastem and central part of gaon Golokganj Sidli (part) rocks, - Fluvents the district, occupying 522 villages of which 274, 97 and 151 Biini Plain and lower Aquents (38) villages belong to Sljni, Sidli (part) and Srijangram revenue Srijangram Gondwana Orthens circles respectively. Super Ochrepts Group (58) The region is encircled by Northern Foot Hills region in the (mainly Ochrepts - north, Sarpeta district in the east, Baukumorj-Bairaberchura Permian) Aquepts Hills Tract and the Brahmaputra Flood Plain in the South-west Khasi Fluvents (85) and Kokrajhar district in the west. green stone It has a total population 01 480929 persons of which (Massive 457914 are rural and 23015 urban. The towns, namely, Bijni Schistose) T.C. and Abhayapuri T.C. occupy an area of 7.74 sq.kms. of Pyroxene the region. The urban density in the region is 2974 persons Granulite. per sq.km. Only 1 village namely, Bartolowa having 5000 and above population is situated in this region. Phyographically. the region is a flat alluvial plain. The Manas is an important river which flows in the eastern part of the region. This river is very unstable and meandering and changes its course very frequently. It carries a high amount of silt and debris from its upper reaches before tailing into the Brahmaputra river. Its principal tributary is the Aie river on its right bank. The Aie also debouching from the Bhutan range, first flows towards south and then south-east till it falls into the Manas to the south-east of Biin; towns. Besides, three other rivers, namely, the Kanamkra, the Agrong and the Kokila also flow through the region. Sal trees are found in the Panbari reserved forest located at the north-east of the region. Geologically, the region entirely covers newer alluvium rocks excluding Khasi green stone - massive and sehistose, Pyroxene-granulite and Lower Gondwana super group of rocks (mainly Permian) concentrated in south-eastern part of the region near Abhayapuri and Bijni Towns. Soils here belong to Psamments - Fluvents - Aqents (38), Orthens·Ocherepts (58) and Ochrepts - Aquepts-Fluvents (85) suD-orders. Paddy is the staple food crop of the region. Jute and mastard are also produced subtantially. A few small scale industries are situated in the urban areas of the region. The transport and communication system is moderately developed. Railway lines, both broad gauge and metre gauge, National. Highway, State Highway and some other important metalled roads criss-cross the region. 158 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: BONGAIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code :03 District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) ~ 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Bongai 2.7.1.3 Srijangram, Alluvium Psamments This region covers central-western part of the distnct. It ·gaon 8aukurnori Sidli (Part), Rocks, -Fiuvents occupies a total of 169 villages of which 34, 28 and 31 Bairaberchura Bongaigaon Pegmatite Aqents (38) villages of Srijangram, Sidli (part) and Baitamari revenue Hills Tract and group of ar,d Orthents circles respectively and the entire 76 villages of the Boilaman rocks, Khasi -Ochrepts Bongaigaon revenue circle tall in this region. green stone (58) (Massive - The boundaries of the region are consist of the Golokganj Schistose), Bijni Plain in the north and east, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain Bended in the south and parts of Kokrajhar and Dhubri district in the Ferruginous west direction. Quartizite, Pyroxene - It has a total population of 198179 persons of which Granulite 149272 belong to rural area and the rest 48907 to urban areas. The 2 towns are, namely, Bongaigaon (MB) and New Bongaigaon Rly. Colony, (census town) together cover an area of 7.35 sq.kms. This resulted an urban density of 6654 persons per sq.km. in the region which is the highest in Ihe district. Physiographically, the region is a plain one composed of Alluviums. The Champamati river flows, through the westem boundary of the region, from north to south. Geologically, the Alluviums are interspersed with Pegmaliles, Khasi green stone (massive and schistose), bended Ferruginous-Quartizite and Pyroxene-Granulite group of rocks. Soils are composed of Psamments-Fluvents Aquents (38) and Orthents-Ochrepts (58) SUb-orders. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. This region is industrially developed. Bongaigaon Refinery and Petro chemicals Limited (BRPL) is the biggest industrial project in the region, located in Dhaligaon, near Bongaigaon town. A railway workshop and some other auxiliary small scale industries are also located at various places in the region. The transport and communication facilities are fairly adequate. Railway lines - broad gauge as well as metre gauge, National Highways No.31, 31B, 31C, coupled with a few important metalled roads provide the region a better means of transportation. Human habitation over the region is compact. 159 STATEMENT ON REGION·WlSE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: BONGAIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code: 03 te District Division Nameoflhe Geology Name Number! AdministratiVe ~- ___Ph__ ysKl_. _-_C_UIIu_raI._C_ha_ra_d_eristic:s_· _. Name Division (R. C.)_ ---d -_ f-- 1 2 3 4 5 ~ ______7 __ _ ASSAM 80ngai 2.7 .1.4 Baitamari. Alluvium P<'...ammenls This region covers the southern part of the district -gooo Brahmaputra Srijangram rocks, - ;:Iuvents occupying 139 villages that come under two revenue Flood Plain Granite Aquents (38) circles, 113 villages from Baitamari and 26 villages from group of Orttlents - Srijangram . rocks. Khasi OojJrepts green stone (58) The region is bounded by Baukumori-Bairaberchura (Schistose) Hills Tract region in the north, parts of GoIokganj-Bijni Plain region and 8arpeta district in the east, the liver Brahmaputra in the south and Dhubri district in the west. The region has a total population of 71568 persons of which 69636 are in rural and the rest (1932) in utban areas. There is only 1 town I.e. JogigIlopa, having an area of 1.55 sq.kms. and an ulban density of 1246 persons per sq~m. Physiographicalfy, this region is entirely plain. The Manas river flows through the south-eastem part of the region ultimately falls into the river Brahmaputra in its south. The river Champamati too, flowing through the western boundary meets the Brahmaputra. GeoI0gicalIy, it is entirely composed of recent Alluvium interspersed by occassionaf presence of Granite and Khasi green stone - Schistos rocks. Psamments-ffuvents Aquents (38) and Orthents-Dchrepts (58) sulrorders compose the soil base of the region. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. Transport and communication facilities are moderately develqJed. A railway (broad gauge) and the National Highway NO.31-B are the major links of communcation that pass through the region. 1'0 DISTRICT KAMRUP ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) The Kamnjp district is tocated in between 25° 43' 00" and 26° 48' 00" North latitudes and 90° ~)7' 00" and 92° 10' 30" East longitudes. The northern point of the district culminates at the tri-junction paint of Nalbari, Darrang and Kamrup districts. It is bounded on the north-east by the Darrang district, on the east by the Marigaon district, on the sourth by the Meghalaya state, on the west by the Goalpara district and on the north-west by the'Nalbari district. It covers an areaof 4345 sq. km. of which 4085.93 sq. kms. are rural and 259.07 sq. km. urban with a population of 2000071 persons ( 1344856 are rural and 655215 urban). The density of 'population is. 460 persons per sq. km. The district is divided into 'ihree sub-divisions, namely, Rangia, Guwahati and Pragjyotishpur. Rangia, sub-division consists ofthree revenue circles, namely, Rangia; Goreswar, Kamalpur (part) and one town e.g. Rangia. the Guwahati sub diVision consists of eleven re\ienue circles, namely, Guwahati Municipal Corporation, North Guwahati, Hajo, Chaygaon Chamaria, Nagarbera, Boko, Palasbari, Dispur, Sonapur (part), Kamalpur (part) and d (six) towns eg North Guwahati, Amingaon, Niz-Hajo, Sualkuchi , Palasbari and Guwahati Municipal Corporation. The Pragjyotishpur sub-division consists of only one revenue circle i.e. Chandrapur. Guwahati IS the district headquarters and the capital of Assam. The major part of the district consists of a wide plain through the lower portion of which' the Brahmaputra tnakes its way, flowing a steady course from east to west. South of the river the plain is much broken~up by !:he outflanked spars of the Meghalaya plateau. The northern part of the'district extends up to the foot hills ~)f Bhutan. The Central part is a fertile alluvial plain. . Many tributaries from both sides of the Brahmaputra join the river. The important of them are the Bor, the Puthimari. the Baralia. the Digaru and the Kulsi. The climate of the district is similar to that of the other districts of the plain. The soils of the district, as classified by N.B.S.S. and l.eAR. (Nagpur) belong to Udalfs Ochrepts (22) I Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents (38), Orthents-Ochrepts (58), Ochrepts-Aquepts- Fluvents (85) sub-groups. The geological formation of the district is of alluvial origin excluding a strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks near Bhutan border and Khasi green stone (massive) contiguous to Khasi hills in the south. The staple food of the district is rice, mustard, pulses, vegetables, sugarcane, citrus fruits etc. are also produced extensively. Jute cultivation is found in the low-lying areas of the district. Handloom weaving is a common sight in every Assamese household in the villages and towns of the district. Sualkuchi is known the world over for its exquisite silk products (Muga & Pat). Sarthebari town is famous for its bell metal industry. Industries such as saw mills, rolling mills, flour mills etc. are also found located in the towns of the district. The district is devided into 4 (four) sub-micro regions as follows, on the basis of its geology, soil, topography ,climate and natural vegetations. The district comes under the micro zone of Western Brahamaputra Valley (2.7 .1.) . 161 2.7 .1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain: The region covers a tiny part of the district, comprising of 20 villages only. The region -has a population of 27353 ~ersons which are entirely rural. The alluvim plain from the foot hills of the Bhutan Himalayas gradually slopes down to the Brahmaputra river. The Barnadi and the Puthimari rivers make the district boundaries in the east and west respectively. The geological formations of the region is composed of the Tipam sod Surma group of rocks and aUuviams as well. 2.7 .1.2. Nalbari - Rangia Plain: The region spreads over 36f~illages and on~ town with a population of 446055 persons of which 425343 are rural and 20712 urban. It is an alluvial plain excluding some low hills in south-eastern corner. The Baralia, the Puthimari and the Barnad; are the principal tributaries of the Brahmaputra in this region. These rivers are torrential in nature and often tends to change their courses. 2.7.1.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: The region spreads over the northern and southern bank. of the Brahmaputra occupying 571 villages and 3 towns. The region has a population of 697241 persons, of which 665437 are rural and 31804 urban. The region is known as flood plain of the Brahmaputra river occasionally broken by some small hills here and there. The geology of the region is of alluvial origin. 2.7.1.4. Southern - Forested Hills: The region covers the southern part of the district, occupying 424 villages and 3 towns. The region has a population of 829422 persons, of which 226723 are rural and 602699 urban. The region presents a hilly topography contiguous to the Khasi hills from the south. Geologically it is composed of Khasi green stone (massive rocks): Sillimanite· Gneiss, Pyroxene Granulite etc. with overlying layers of recent alluviums at places. -.------X ------ 162 MAP 26 CENSUS OF IND IA ASSAIl KAMRUP ,DISTRICT ~CODIfI1 ...~1IlMIOMI o 4 • t2 1CM1 J VI.J..AG[S HAVJiG SODD AIIO UOVE POPULA TIOII 2.I..,'. lIMIt. 3. ~heIl 4. DeW ~. 1Io ,2R __ 6, Sa".,., 7 . ~' B. DMr_ R, C - Rlv_ Cltclo " At." 10. Sell." 6. 101. C. - Guwall all ~aI Corporation. II. IIMIhkIldll 12. twill." .... , 13. "- $llllll1IdII 14.T",~ ~CII • .,...... 1.6w.... t l ••_ ..... 10 IAtlrtly urNn. 2. s-o ., till R_"" ,_...... IIIIMI .. tIII_ ..• ...... 3. .,._ rlrda ... lMUI Ani ...... nitIeML \ l to· to 2,7.1 . ' - IOORTt£RN FOOT HLlS f>LAIj 2, 7. 1.2 - NALBARI-RAHGIA PLAIN 2,7,1.3 - BR AHMAPUTRA FLOOO PLAIN , DISTRICT I(AIIUt IQIL 2,7.1.4 _ SOUTHERN FORt;;STED HU..S, CHIJIif Il REliIOIW. I\OUIIIAR[S 1(l.000TRES 1981-91 o...... ___. 20 Kl.OI/oETRES 0'.____. 20 ~y. STATE ••••••• •• ••• •• •••••• ••••• _ •• _ •• _ •• D1STIIU ." ...... _._._._. R!VfIIUE [RUE ...... _._._.-._._ REWIVED fDR£ST WITII IW'L .. .r :itA~ ii.f:: .. YlLAIi£ ItA Villi SOII.,AIII ABOVE POPUlATION WITH NA!C', ...... O:.u UIUIAH AREA ...... ~ NATIOIIAL HOlWAy ...... , ..... _-"NHII.I-:.olLLJ __ STATE I«iHWAY ...... __",5H,-- __ DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS iOlSTRICT NAME: KAMRUP STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO ..- 07 -- --,-~----~----- .-~ -- ---~---- ~ -~----l No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) District [ Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) I in each ! I Region iI 1991 T R U T R U I-I 1 ; 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 ~ 5 1----', "1--- I i 2.7.1.1 20 - NA N.A. NA 27353 27353 - Northern Foot Hills Plain K 2.71.2 364 1 Town Nalbari Rangia Rangia (M.B.) N.A. NA 9.25 446055 425343 20712 A Plam M 2.7 t3 571 3 Towns R Brahmaputra 1. Niz Hajo (C.T.) N.A. NA 10.03 697241 665437 31804 FloodPlain 2. Sualkuchi (C.T.) 3. Palasbari (M.B.) u p i 3 Towns j I 1 Nortll Guwahati I 2.7.1.4 424 (T.C.) ; 2. Amingaon (C.T.) I Southern 3. Guwahati (M.C.) NA NA 239.79 829422 226723 602699 . Forested Hills I l__ 165 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: KAMRUP STATE: ASSAM Census Code No' 07 f~ri vision No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of RemarKs i No Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per Division in i 1991 villages and 1991) I I ir R.C. Towns in Sq.Km I : Division , I -- t. 3 4 5 6 7 8 ~rh~ .1.1 , No rthem Goreswar 1 to 20 20 20 NA 21 to 121 are in region no Ir Fa ot Hills villages 2.7.1.2 1 ___ PIa in .1.2 12 ~.~Iban - Goreswar 21 to 121 101 1 to 20 are in region no ! Ra ngia Plain 2.7.1.1 Rangia All villages 117 364 AU villages are in region no. villages NA 2.7.1.2 Kamalpur AU villages 116 All villages are in region no. 1 2.7.1.2 North Guwahati 1,3 4,6,7,12 to 36 30 town 2, 5, 8 to 11 are in region no t..._. __ 2.7.1.4 : 3 2.7 .U Bra hmaputra Hajo All villages 1~i5 All villages are in region no. Floo d Plain 2.7.1.3 Nagarbera All villages 28 All villages are in region no. ~.7.1.3 f---=-- . Chamana All villages 60 571 All villages are in region no. villages 2.7.1.3 Boko 6 to B, 12 to 30,36 to 59 1 to 5,9 to 11, 31 to 35,43, 42, 44, 50, 85 to 99, 3 45 to 59, 61 to 84, 100, 114 101 to 113 towns to 135 are in region no 2.7.1.4 Chhaygaon 1 to 118, 133 to 144, 143 119 to 132, 145 to 147, 160 148 to 159, 219 N.A. to 218,220 are in region no 2.7.1.4 Palasbari 1 to 69, 73 to 75, 81, 146 70 to 72, 76 to 80, 82 to 127, 128, 132 to 171, 178 129 to 131,172 to 177, 210 I to 209 to 220 are in region no 2.7.1.4 .14 North Guwahati 2,5,8 to 11 6 1,3,4,6,7,12 to 36 are in 14 I~uthern region no 2.7.1.2 I FOJIested Boko 1 to 5, 9 to 11, 31 to 713 6 to 8,12 to 30,36 to 42,44, I Hil Is 60, 85 to 99, 101 to 113 are I 35, 43, 45 to 59, 61 to I 84,100, 114to 135 in region no 2.7.1.3 Chhaygaon 119 to 132, 145 to 77 424 1 to 116, 133 to 144, 148 to 147, 160 to 218, 220 villages 159, 219 are in region no 2.7.1.3 Palasbari 70 to 72, 76 to 80, 82 74 3 1 to 69,73 to 75,81,128, to 127,129 to 131, towns 132 to 171, 178 to 209 are in 172 to 177 210 to 220 region no 2.7.1.3 Dispur All villages 6 All villages are In region no 2.7.1.4 Chandrapur All villages 40 All villages are in region no 2.7.1.4 Sonapur Ail villages 145 All villages are in region no L_l -- 2.7.1.4 166 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: KAMRUP STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code '07 Division Name of the Geology Solis Physio - Cultural CharacteristiCS r s." I D'.,'"Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.e.) -~2 3 4 5 6 7 I ASSAM Kamrup 2.7.1.1 Goreswar Alluvium Orthents - The region covers a small part in the north of the district Northern rocks, Ochrepts occupying only 20 villages of Goreswar revenue circle. root Hills Tipam and (58) Plains Sunma It is bounded by Nalbari district in the north-west, Darrang group district in the east and Nalbari-Rangia Plain region in the south. (Miocene exctuding The region is entirely rural with a populatin of 27353 persons. Pontianj. Physiographically, it is boundad by two rivers namely, the Puthimari in the west and the Bar in the east. Geologically, the region is covered with alluvium rocks with an existence of Tipam and Surma group (Miocene excluding Pontain) in the northem part 01 it. Soils here belong to Orthents Ochrepts (58) sub-order. Rice is the staple food in the region. The transport and communication is moderately developed in the region. There is only one metalled road passing through it. No industry is located here. 167 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KAMRUP STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code' 07 jState District Division Name althe Geology Soils Physia - Cultural Characteristics Name Numb & Administrative I i Name Division lR.e.) 1_1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Kamrup 2.7.1.2 Goreswar, Alluvium Psamments - The region covers the northem part of the district. It occupies Nalbari Rangia, rocks Khasi Fluvenls - 364 villages consisting of the enllre 117 and 116 villages 01 Rangla Kamalpur& green Aquents (38), Rangia and Kamalpur R.es, 101 villages of Goreswar and 30 Plain North Guwahali stone Orthents villages of North Guwahati revenue circles respectively. (massive) Ochrepls (58) and It faces Northem Foot Hills plain region in the north, Darrang Ochrepts - district in the east, parts of Brahmaputra Flood plain and Aquepts Southern Forested Hills regions in the south and Nalbari district fluvents (85) in the west. The total population of the region is 446055 of which 425343 are rural and 20712 urban_ There is only one town, namely, Rangia (M.B.) in the region, occupies an area of 9.25 sq.kms. The urban density is calculated at 2239 persons per sq. km. Physiographic ally, the Bar river marks the eastem boundary of the region. Besides, the Puthimari river flows along the boundary southward from north for a short distance. It is entirely plain excluding some scattered hills over it. Mixed vegetations are observed on the uplands. Geologically, the region s covered with Khasi green stone (massive rocks). A small part of It is covered with alluviums. SoHs are comprising of Psamments-Fluvenls-Aquents (38), Orthents Ochrepts (58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvenls (a5) sub-orders. Paddy is the main food crop over the region. The transport and communicaion system in the region is in better shape. Railway lines-both broad gauge and metre gauge, National Highway no.31 and a numbers 01 metal and unmetalled roads pass though the region. The region is also developed in the industrial aspect. A textile industry (APOl Fabrics) is located here near Rangia town. Some small industries like saw mills, rice mills etc. are located in and around the town area. 168 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KAMRUP STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code' 07 State District Division Name of the Geology Sc,ils Physio - Cultural Characteristics I Name Number & Administrativ Name e Division I (R.C.) 1 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Kamnup 2.7.1.3 Hajo, Alluvium Udalfs The region covers the north-western part of the district Brahmaputra Nagarbera, rocks, Ochrepts occupying 571 villages. It covers the entire 135, 28 and 60 Flood Plain Chama ria, Khasi (22), villages of Hajo, Nagarbera and Chamaria revenue circles Boko, green Psamments respectively and parts of Boko (59) Chhaygaon (143) and Chhaygaon stone Fluvef1ts Palasbri (146) revenue circles. and (massive) Aquents (38) Palasbari and It is surrounded by Barpeta district in the north, Nalbari-Rangia Ochrepts Plain region in the north-east, Southern Forested Hills region in Aquepts the east and south and Goalpara district in the west. Fluvents (85) The total population in the region is 697241 of which 665437 and 31804 belong to rural and urban sectors respectively. 3 towns, namely, Niz Hajo (C.T.), Sualkuchi (C.T.) and Palasbari (M.B.) are located in the region and those together occupy an area of 10.03 sq.kms.The urban density is 3171 persons per sq.km. which is highest in the district. A large number of villages having 5000 and above population are located here, namely, Amlala, Nashira, Uporhali, Oahall, No.2 Rampur, Sarpara, Kochpara, dharapur, Azara, Saniade, Manahkuchi, Kulhati No.1, Bamun Sualkuchi and Tupamari PhysiographicaHy, the region is called as Brahmaputra Flood Plain with the existence of a lew small hills scattered here and there. The Brahmaputra flowing from east to west is joined by other important rivers like the Deosila, the Singra, the Boko and the Kubi in the south bank and the Puthimari in the north bank. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial Origin and consists of sand and clay. Khasi green stone - (massive) is also found in some pockets. Soils are consist of the following sub orders - Udatls·Ochrepts (22), Psamments - Fluvents - Aquents (38) and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluvents (85). Rice is the staple food over the region. Some kinds of small scale industries like haldloom weaving, bamboo and cane product, industries like metalled products etc. are available in the region. Sualkuchi town here is famous forthe production of "Muga" and "Pat"- Assamese silk signifying traditional Assamese culture occupying a prominent place in the national sphere. Brass metal works are also located in Niz-Halo town of the region. The transport and communication system is moderately developed. The National Highway No.37, a state Highway and a few other important roads pass through the region. 169 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: KAMRUP STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code'07 District Division Nameotthe Geology Soils Physic - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division(RC,) 2 3 4 5 6 7 bIASSAM' Kamrup 2.7.1.4 North AllUVium The southern part of the district IS covered by thiS region Udulfs Southern Guwahati, Rocks, Ochrepts which occupies 424 villages spreaded over 6 different revenue Forested Boko, Khasi green (22, circles. The distribution of the villages in the revenue circles is Hills Chhaygaon, stone PS<1Tll1ents shown in brackets against them as follows - North Guwahati Palasbari, (massive -Flu'Mnts (6), Boko (76), Chhaygaon (n), Palasbari (74) the entire Dispur, schistose). Aquen.s (38) villages of Dispur (6), Chandrapur (40) and Sonapur (145). Chandrapur Granite and and group of Ochrl~pts - This region is bounded by parts of Nalbari-Rangia Plain, Sonapur. rocks, Aq,Jepts Brahmaputra Flood Plain region and Darrang district in the Sillimanite, FI~ tents (85) north, Marigaon district in the east, Meghalaya in the south and Gneiss and Goalpara district in the west. Pyroxene Granulite. The number of total population here is 829422 consisting of 226723 in the rural and 602699 in urban areas. The capital of the state as well as the only city 01 North-East India, Guwahati is located in this region. Besides, the other IWQ towns located here are North Guwahati (T.C.) and Amingaon (C.T.). A total of 239.79 sq.kms. are occupied by these towns, resulting an urban density of 2513 persons per sq.km. A village having above 5000 population namely Chandrapur Bagicha is located here. PhysiographicaJly, a major part of the areas in the region are covered by hills. The southern part is covered by a large number of reserved forests, namely, Baquli, Nampathar, Gizang, Momon, Khasi Sikapabura, Pantan, Chhaygaon, Kulsi, Barduar, Mayang hill, Mailai Khar, Kawasing, Jira, Rani. Garbhanga and Afrikola reserved forest (Westl· The good quality dense forests over the hill terraces are not onty botanically important but also influence the social life 01 the region. The Deosila, the Singra, the Boko, the Kulsi, the Borpani and the Oigaru are the major drainages that cut across the region from the south. The Kalong a distributary of the Brahmaputra flows along the north-west boundary. Geologically, the region is composed of Khasi green stone - Mssive, Schistose and alluviums. Granites are also occassionally seen along with Sillimanite-Gneiss and Pyroxene Granulites. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. The transport and communication system in the region is moderately devoloped. Railways, both broad gauge and metre gauge, National Highways No.31 and 37, a State Highway and several other important roads criss-cross the region. It is moderately developed in terms of industrial aspect. The Guwahati Refinery and the Chandrapur Thermal Station are the major industries located here. Guwahali being the capital of the state houses many important educational institutions like the Gauhati University, Engineering college, Veterinary college, Medical college among others, are located here. There are also some important small scale industries like iron rolling mills, vanaspati factory, food and beverage factory etc. are situated in and around the fringes of the capital town. Besides, a large number 01 saw mills are observed near the southern border of the region, in the foot hills of Meghalaya. 110 DISTRICT BARPETA ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) The district of Barpeta extends in between 26° 05' 00" and 26° 48' 30" North latitudes and 90° 39' 00" and 91 0 18' 00" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the Bhutan, on the east by the Nalbari district on the south by the Kamrup and Goalpara districts and on the west by the Bongaigaon District. The district is covering an area of 3245 sq.km. of which 3222.17 sq. km. are rural and 22.83 sq.kms. drban with a population of 1385659 persons (1288341 are rural and 97318 urban). It records a density i)f 427 persons per sq. km. The district is devided in to two sub-divisions, namely, Barpeta and Bajali. The Barpeta sub·division is consisting of five revenue circles, namely, Barnagar, Sarthebari, Barpeta, Baghbor, Kalghachia and six towns, namely, Barpeta Road, Sorbhogh, Sarthebari, Barpeta, Howli and Bohari. The Bajali sub-division consits of three revenue circles. They are Sarupeta, Jalah and 8ajali and ')ne town, namely, Pathsala. The entire district is a flat plain. The Brahmaputra is flowing by its southern boundary from east to west The northern most part of the district belongs to the foothills of the Bhutan Himalaya. Some lowlying areas are seen spread over the region in its southern part providing local fishing grounds. The Brahmaputra is the major river of the district. All most all the tributaries find their ways into it from the north. The important rivers of the district are the Beki, the Chaulkhoa, the Bhelengi, the Pahumara, and the Kaldia A few reserved forests are located in the northern part of the district. These are the Kakilabari, the Batabari, the North kamrup, the Kahitama and part of Manas reserved forests extending from Bhutan foot hills down to the central part of the district. Claimatically it is a part of the great Brahmaputra plain having moderately cold winter with hot and wet summer. The soils In the district, as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.CAR. (Nagpur) are the composition of Psamments-Flevents-Aquents (38), Orthents-Octhrepts (58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) sub order associations. Geologically the district is of alluvial· origin excluding a strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks along the foothills of Bhutan in the north. Rice and fish are considered as the major food items by a vast majority of population. Fishes are commonly found in bils, ponds, tanks and rivers .. The staple food of the district is rice. Other important crops are mustard, pulses, vegetables, sugercane, fruits etc. Jute is the important cash-crop of the district. Handloom weaving is a common sight in every Assamese household in the villages and towns as well. Sarthebari town is known for its famous bell metal industries. Small scale industries like saw mills. Rolling mills, flour mills etc. are commonly seen in the urban areas in the district. 171 The district is devided in to four sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. The Barpeta district belongs to the Western Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.1.) zone. which is devided in to four sub-micro zones as follows. 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills : Jhe region covers northern part of the district having only four villages. It has a population of 306 persons only. The region is entirely rural. To this region belongs the base of foot hills of eastern Himalayas (Bhutan Hills). covered with forests from where the alluvial plain gradually . slopes down to the Brahmaputra river. The river Mora Manas flow through the region. The geological formation is composed of the Tipam and Surma group of rocks and alluvious 2.7.1.2. Sorbhog - Barpeta Low Land:- The region spreads over the north-western part of the district, covering' 682 villages and 6 towns. It has a population of 911672 persons ( 821943 are rural and 89729 urban). The region is a lowlying one with scattered marches and bUs which are subjected to annual Inundation during rains. The region is famous for jute and rice cultivation. Geologically it is of alluvial origin~ 2.7 .1.3. Nalbari - Rangia plain :- The region is extending over the eastern part of the district occupying 143 villages. It has a population of 149064 persons and is entirely rural. The topography here is made up alluvial plain. The kaldiya is the principal river of the region. Part of kokulabari. and North Kamrup Reserved Forests. are located here. Rice is the major agricultural product . Its geology is of alluvial origin. 2.7.1.4. Brahmaputra Flood Plain:- The region spreads over the northern bank of the river Brahmaputra occupying 248 villages and one town. The region has a population of 324617 persons, (317028 are rural and 7589 urban). It is located purely over the flood plain zone of .the Brahmaputra river which flows in the east-west direction here. Its geology too, is of alluvial origin. ------".. 172 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 27 · ASSAM BARPETA DISTRICT B H CENSUS CODE 05 u T A N REGIONAL DIVISIONS IC •• I I ._ a:: OOUNDARY, "TERNA TIONAL · • • . • . . . • . . .. .-. _. - t- OISTR ICT. . .• •• . •.• .. .•. . .. - ._. -.- l/) REVE NU E CIRCLE. . . • . • • ...... _, _. _.- LJ • liE SER VED FotiEST WIT H NAME . ... ;~. ~~Y.A~ "~i" : C) VIllACiE HIoVI)j(j )000 " ABOVE POPUlATI ON . . . 811~aell cr URBAN AREA . ... • . • .• . . . •• •.••.. . • .. . ~DMz ~ ItATIONAL HIGHW AY. • . • . . . • . • • • . • • . . • . NI1 31 0 l/) STA TE HIGHWAY. . . • . • . • •• • . • ...... : SH « Cl OT HER IHPORTANT ROAD. • • • . . . • . • • . . . . l:l RAILWAY lIC WITH SlATlCH, MOAD GAUGf ... ~ - HETRE GAUGE. . , I I I ~ I I I « ~ @:) l:l RIVER Alii STREAM, WATER BOOIES :z REGIONAL DIVISION. • • • . • • • .• ...... • . . . . l· l· ~. : o MACRO. ___ - - __ - _ - - - ...... MESO . .- _____ .------.....- HlCRO. ___ - __ -- _ . - _ - - ~ ,; SUB-HlC RO WITH BOUNDARY _ - - - - _ • I Rnd the uq~n(l of ttqilnil division. with i reterfntl tD the "It Indi~ up todes up to 3 tier J_ •• Revenue Cirtle bound aries ~nd urbin areas are sho wn no tiona!. IIAJlPETA Dl8TRICf ~UI"""'~18I1-fl .,.~! ~ I~ 'f" GEOLOGV .'!'Trffin.. •.... _ ...... ""'.... SOILS J x. I 20 "" '------' ~~IH'llr..I·· ~l!ti.! 12.7.1.11 .... 2.7.1.1 _ NORTHeRN FOOT HILLS PLAIN ~.~H .. '~ ~7iH Ii fJ.······...... ·····.. ··.. ···.~ 2.7.1.2 - SORBIIOIi - BARPET" LOW LAND _. -'r- "7' \i. ~.,.. ~ 7 !.2.7.\, I D .1.31 \ 2.1 tJ N ..., • ..,. V v· ( .. I 1 ilV \V! \VI \\/1; ~] Ir ,il:: 'HI' ; . . ",,,,, . RAN,,", PLAIN \ v ~ v ! .<; IV .:.;1 Iii ( / \VI i'vi \VI 1\1 ' ~i . ~~... lll.I ..rrlijiJQ1.L, .._ ..;).,H - "'HHAPUrR, flOOD PLA. (\?1 ~ · V \\¥ \\( IVI vi .!oj \\;~ V \\11 \VIi' l~ I 2.1 in 'ta llrr 12.7.UI ....'. (/( ... - ' ~' \-. ,.... . ' ... .' • •....~ ,,; \V '~,! IVI \V~ · \ J.U. IIIID/ kNIIUP .) IU.1.SI', /-M IVI WI 'VI ~ ./ .or V \1/1 WI IV! IVI : , ..-\. "' _" ,"/ .; 0" I"'.r\ ' , ,. ,.,.,..-"._ ...... \ ...... ~/ J .. r I, IVI \IJ IVI IV; ''NI_. j / ...... I I . \ , ~. ~ .,(.JI._. ,Wf_ ·r·-' '. .,' L- <...~ . ''"'' ...... ) --::,) .. ,.... I / . 1• ./ IIOUItDAR'f, INTERHA1IONAL • ••.. _._. m:R - STUE. •• . .• . ', .. _ .. - " 3& '(J±I±J PSAHHfNTS·FLUV£NTS - AQ.UENTS o ~LllNlU!1 DISTRICT •• • • . . •.. _. _ .- SU,.~D ~':o..~~R(: ...... ;~.;.~:;; . 51 Ii] OR Tf£NTS- OCItl£PTS IA 41 TlP"H £, SURMA I:>ROUP I miocene ..elud ing ponti ill , .. 1991. ••. 2.7.tI AItfA l RANSI'EAAED fA(II4 KoU4AUP IS ,D OCHaEPTS·AQ.UE PTS- FLUViNTS IJISTR.n TO N(WlV CRfATEll mnn 8AAPET A DISTRICT. • • • • • • • . • ll.LLW DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: BARPETA STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. -- 05 No. of No. ofTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) District Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region 1991 T R U T R U ---1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.7.1.1 4 - N.A. N.A. N.A. 306 306 - Northem Foot-Hills B Plain A 2.71.2 . 682 6 Towns 1. Barpeta Road NA N.A. 19.36 911672 821943 89729 Sorbhog (M.B.) R Barpeta 2. Sorbhog (T. C.) Lowland 3. Barpeta (M.B.) 4. Srathebari (1. C.) 5. Howl; (T.C.) P 6. Pathsala (T.C.) E , - T 2.7 1.3 143 N.A. NA NA 149064 149064 Nalbari - Rangia A Plain 2.7.1.4 248 1 Town Brahmaputra Flood Bohari (C.T.) N.A. N.A. 3.47 324617 317028 7589 Plain L 175 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: BARPET A STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 05 51. Division No Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remarks -- No I Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in R.C. Towns in Sq. Km Division 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 ------;--- 5 1 2.7.1.1 Northern Jalah 84 to 87 4 4 villages NA 70 to 71 are in region no Foot Hills 2.7.1.2 Plain 1 to 69, 72 to 83, 88 to 94 are in region no 2.7.1.3 Barnagar Nil Entire villages fall in region no. 2.7.1.2 Sarupeta Nil Entire villages fall in region no. 2.7.1.2 2 2.7.1.2 Sorbhog - Barnagar All villages 196 Entire villages of this R.C. fall Barpeta in this region lowland Sarupeta All villages 135 Entire villages of this R.C. fall in this region Jalah 70 & 71 2 84 to 87 are in region no 2.7.1.1 682 1 to 69, 72 to 83, 88 to 94 villages NA are in region no. 2.7.1.3 Bajali 6,11, 15to 17, 22, 28 16 1 to 5, 7 to 10, 12to 14,18 to 30, 34 to 40 6 to 21, 23 to 27, 31 to 33,41 towns to 71, are in region no 2.7.1.3 Barpeta 1 to 86, 97 to 117, 137 141 87 to 96, 118 to 136 are in to 170 region no 2.7.1.4 Kalgachia 1 to 23, 29 to 32 27 24 to 28, 33 to 101 are in region no 2.7.1.4 Baghbor 77, 79 to 85 89 to 103, 37 1 to 76,78,86 to 88, 104 to 119 to 132 118, 133 to 182 are in region no 2.7.1.4 Sarthebari All villages 128 Entire villages of this R. C. fall ! in this region 3 2.7.1.3 Nalbari - Jalah 1 to 69, 72 to 83, 88 to 88 84 to 87 are in region no Rangia 94 2.7.1.1 Plain 70 &71 are in region no 143 N.A. 2.7.1.2 Bajali 1 to 5, 7 to 10, 12 to 55 villages 6,11,15 to 17, 22, 28 to 30, 14, 18 to 21,23 to 27, 34 to 40 are in region no 31 to 33,41 to 71 2.7.1.2 4 2.7.1.4 Brahmaputr Barpeta 87 to 96,118 to 136 29 1 to 86, 97 to 117, 137 to a Flood 170 are in region no 2.7.1.2 Plain Kalgachia 24 to 28, 33 to 101 74 248 1 to 23, 29 to 32 are in villages N.A. region no 2.7.1.2 Baghbor 1 to 76, 78, 86 to 88, 145 1 77,79 to 85, 89 to 103, 119 104 to 118, 133 to 182 town to 132 are in region no l_ 2.7.1.2 176 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: BARPETA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code' OS District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & IIdministrative Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM 8arpeta 2.7.1.1 Jalah, Alluvium Orthents The region covers the northern part of the district occupying Northern Bamaarand rocks Ochrepls only 4 villages of Jalah revenue circle. Two small parts of Foot Sarupathar Tipam & (58) Bamagar and Sarupeta revenue circles also come under this Hills Surma zone which is covered by lorest only. Plain group (Miocene The region is bounded by Bhutan in the north, Nalban district excluding in the east, parts 01 Sorbhog-Barpeta Low Land and Nalbari Pontian) of Rangia Plain regions in the south and Bongaigaon district in the rocks. west. It is an entirely rural region with a population of 306 persons only. Physiographically, the region forms the base of foothills 01 the Eastern Himalayas Irom where the alluvial plain gradually slopes down to the Brahmaputra river. The Mora Manas flows through the western part is the only river of the region. The fool hills of the region is covered wilh wide stretches of jungles composed of mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forests. Simul, bamboos and tall grasses are also found in the region. Geologically, the Tipam and Surma group 01 rocks (Miocene excluding Ponti an age) are found in the northern part and the alluviums in the southern part. The region is composed of Orthents-Ochrepts (58) type of soil. The region is poor in the industrial aspects. Surface transport facility is also limited. Neither a railway line nor good roads pass through the region. Agriculture IS the main occupation of the villagers. 177 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: BARPETA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code: 05 I State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics i Name Number & Administrative ! Name Division (R.C.) I t=I= 2 3 4 5 6 7 i ASSAM Barpeta 2.7.1.2 Bamagar, Alluvium Psamments The region covers the central part of the district. II occupies Sorbhog - Sarupela, rocks Fluvents - 682 villages belonging 10 8 different revenue circles such as Ihe Barpela Jalah, Aquents (38) entire villages of Bamagar (196), Sarupela (135) and Sarthebari Lowland Bajali, Orthents (128) and parts of Jalah (2), Bajali (16), Berpeta (141), Kalgachia Barpeta, Ochrepfs (58) (27) and Baghbor (37) revenue circles. Kalgachia, Ochrepts Baghborand Aquepts The region faces its boundaries with Northern Foot Hills Plain Sarthebari Fluvents (85) region in the north, Nalbari-Rangia Plain region and Nalbari district (partly) in the east, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain in the south and Bongaigaon district in th: west. The total population of the region is 911672 of which 821943 are rural and 89729 urban.The 6 towns, namely, Barpeta Road (M.B.), Sorbhog (T.C.),Barpeta (M.B.), Sarthebari (T.C.), Howli (T.C.) and Palhsala (T.C.) together cover an area of 19.34 sq.kms. over the region. The urban density here is 4635 persons per sq.km. There are 3 villages namely, Barapeta, Khairabari and Kawaimari Karaguri are located in the region having a population 01 5000 and above. Physiographically, the northern part of the region is covered by the parts of Batabari, Kakilabari and North Kamrup R.Fs with the whole of Kohitama Reserved Forest. The river Mora Manas called Beki and Chaulkhowa in its lower reaches Ilows initially from north 10 south then to wesl, meets the Manas river and ultimately leads its way 10 the Brahmaputra. The Pahumara,another important river flows through the region. Geologically, the entire region is covered with alluvium rocks. The soils here are of following sub~rder - Psamments-Fluvents Aquents (38), Orthenls-Ochrepts(58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts Fluvents(85}. Rice is the staple food of the masses. The transport and communication system is better developed here. Railwa lines, both broad gauge and metre gauge, National High way No.31 and few other important metalled roads pass through the region. The region IS rich in cottage industry. The Bell metal industries and other hand-made ornamental industries like gold and silver, ivory etc. have a significant role in the history of this region. These commodities have a remarkable lame and value in the national sphere. 178 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: BARPETA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code' 05 ; State District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) '-- - I ! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 ASSAM Barpeta 2.7.1.3 Jalah and Alluvium Orthents The region covers the north-eastem part of the district and it Nalbari 8ajali rocks Ochrepts occupies a total 01 143 villages 01 which 88 and 55 belong to Rangia (58) Jalah and Bajali revenue circles respectivedly. Plain Ochrepts Aquepls - It is bounded by Northern Fool Hills Plain region in the north, Fluvents (85) Nalbari district in the east and Sorbhog-Barpeta low land region in the south-western direction. The region is entirely rural with a population of 149064 persons. There is only one village namely Barbhang having a population above 5000. Physiographically, the region IS an alluvial plain having a small part of hilly area in its north. Balabari reserved forest covers a very small area in the region. From geological point 01 view, the region is a lormation of recent allUVium rocks. The soils here are composed 01 Orthents Ochrepts(58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85) type. Paddy is the main foodcrop while jute and mustard are important cash crops in this region. The transport facilities are moderately developed. Railway lines ( broad gauge and a metre gauge) alongwith a few important metalled roads pass through the region. Industrial establishments are limited here. A few Brick kilns are found in I : here. Handlcom and weaving is a common feature among the womanfolk over the region. 179 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: BARPETA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code'OS jState District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) (' ~1 - 2 3 4 5 6 ASSAM Barpeta 2.7.1.4 Barpeta, Alluvium Psamments- The region covers the southern part of the district occupying Brahmaputra Kalgachia rocks Fluvents- 248 villages of which 29, 74 and 145 villages belong to Sarpeta, Flood Plain and Aquents (38) Kalgachia and Baghbor revenue circles respectively. 8aghbor. The region faces its boundaries with Sorbhog-Barpeta Low Land region in the north, Nalban district in the east, parts of Kamrup and Goalpara districts in the south and Bongaigaon district in the north-west. The total population here is 324617 persons where 317028 are rural. The only town Bohari (CT) occupies an area of 3.47 sq.kms. with a population of 7589 persons resulting a density 2187 person per sq.km. There are 5 villages located in the region namely, viz. Changa, Kholabanda N.C., Majarchar N.C., Bhatnapaity N.C. and Uziar Char N.C. each having a population of above 5000 persons. Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain. The southern part is entirely covered by the Brahmaputra river. The rivers Bhelengi and Seki meet together and flow in the name of Chaulkhowa, meets the Manas river at a point west of the region. Geologically, Alluvium rocks cover the entire region. Soils found here are of Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents (38) sub-order. The char areas over the region are very fertile which encourages the dwellers lor cultivation. Rice is the staple load in the region. This region produces a huge amount 01 vegetables that caters to the need of not only the region itself but also the neighbouring districts. The transport and communication is far from satisfactory. The region is industrially poor. 180 DISTRICT NALBARI ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) The district of Nalbari extends in between 26 0 07' 00" and 26° 50' 30" North latitudes and 91 0 'j 3' 00 " and 91 0 43' 00" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Bhutan, on the east and south by the Kamrup district and on the west by the Barpeta district. It covers an area of 2257 sq. km. of which 2243.10 sq. km. are rural and 13.90 sq. kms. urban, with a population of 1016390 persons (992915 are c'ural and 23475 urban) . The density of population is 427 persons per sq. km. The district is co-terminus with the Nalbari sub-division, having nine revenue circles, namely, Baska, Tamulpur, Ghograpar, Nalbari, Barama, Tihu, Pachim Nalbari, Kamarkuchi and Borkhetri and two towns, namely, Nalbari and Tihu. The greater part of the district consists of a wide plain in between Bhutan. in the north and the Brahmaputra in the south. The northern most part of the distdct belongs to the,Bhu.tan peneplain, The II ,wEt~tE:1m parton the north bank of the Brahmaputra is a low land and the central part is a fertile alluvial piain, The Brahmaputra is the major river of the district which flows from east to west. Most of the rivers fjnd their ways in to the Brahmaputra river. The important of them are the Pagladiya, the Sarolia and the Puthimari. A few forests are located as a strip along the Bhutan Himalayas from the Puthimari river in the east to the Barpeta district in the west. , The climate of the district does not literally differ from that of the other districts of central Assam Nith the principal characteristics of a cold and foggy winter, hot but humid summer. The soils in the district, as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.CAR. (Nagpur) belong to Psamments , Fiuvents-Aquents,,( 38 ), Orthents - Ochrepts (58) and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluvents (85) sub • orders. The geological formation of the district IS of alluvial Of'iginwith a s~all strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks at the peneplain zone in the north, Rice and fish constitute the major food items by a vast majority of the population. Fishes are commonly found in bils, ponds, tanks and rivers. The staple food crop of the district is paddy. Other important crops are mustard, pulses, vegetables, sugarcane, citrus fruits etc. Jute the important cash crop is cultivated in the low lands of the district. Handloom weaving like in other districts is a common sight in every Assamese household here too. Some small-scale industries such as saw mills, rolling mills, flour mills etc. are situated in the towns of the district. 181 The transport and communication facilities are fairly developed here. National highway (No. 37), state highway and many metalled and un metalled roads criss-cross the region throughly. Railway lines (both broad gauge & metre gauge) pass through the district from east to west. Nalbari is a part of the Western BrahmapUtra Valley (2.7.1 ) which is divided into four sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.1.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain: The region extends along the northern part of the district, occupying 155 villages. It has a population of 192522 persons. The region is entirely rural. It belongs to the northern peneplain zone covered with forests from where the alluvial plain gradually slopes down to the Brahmaputra river. The Pagladiya, the Baralia and the Puthimari are the other important rivers of the region. The Geological formation of the region is composed of the Tipam and Surma group of rocks in the northern part and alluvial origin in the southern part. 2.7.1.2. Sorbhog - Barpeta Low Land : This is a very small region extending at the south-west corner above the Brahmaputra flood plain region. It has only 15 villages with a population of 23698. No urban centre;s located here. The region is a low-land, more or less marshy and subjected to annual inundation by the rains. It is suitable for rice and jute cultivation. Its geology is of alluvial origin. 2.7.1.3. Nalbari - Rangia Plain: The region spreads over the middle part of the district, occupying 513 villages and two towns. It has a population of 649876 persons (626401 are rural and 23475 urban). The region is an alluvial plain. The Pagladiya, the Baralia and the Tihu are the principal tributaries' of the Brahmaputra in this region. These rivers very often bear a tendency to change their courSes owing to the high gradation of the zone. 2.7.1.4. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: The region spreads over the northern bank of the Brahmaputra occupying 141 villages, having a population of 150294 persons. This region is entirely rural. As the name implies the region is subjected to annual inundations by the mighty river during the rains. Its geology is of alluvial origin ot" recent time. ------X ------ 182 MAP 28 CENSUS OF INDIA ASSAil DISTRICT NALBARI BHUTAN cENsus CODe oe AEOtOtW. -DlvtIIOHI 1(.,4 a ~ 11 . ~ To POI1 tri a. PSAHMENTS · fLUVEHTS · 51 ~ ~~~::;S.OCHR£P TS IS m OCHRPPTS·Ao.UfPTS. fLUv EN TS QEOLOG't o K~L.3.0 ''"1' . ..16'\. _." ...... _II I, ,, 6 A J JV V ., v1 .... (,Y y ., v ~.' W' Y I I. i " " .'\ j ) y 'I " II. '.' I J .... Y V 'II, ' - _} V I(. .J Q r'y v '" I." Y .:.. DJ AllUVl1II1 ....!_ ., • . .... '", DJ ~:Q~:n: :X~::" 9G~(JUP " pOllti,nl s NALBARI DISTRICT CHA NGE IN REGIONAL BOUNDARJES 1981-1991. J<; .. 0 ,0 ...... · ---1 80l!N0ARY. INTERNAT IOW AL •. •. •• , . • . , •.••. . . _. _ ._ .( . :. -; .:. : . ~ ...~/ · ~'11;',jnn;~;" DlSTRu: r' • . . ", . •.• , .' . • • . . ,·, • .... _ ...... __ I :" .x, ..1,2.1 tIl ]1.\. 'I·T:i.. I :J 'of REVENUE CJA(LE ...... _.-. _.- / \ I.l. \[' itlTil " .....i N"'l R~ AI 1 ., qr SERVED F~ESr I(ITH NAI'IE ••...... :: b)U.~ P;. ~': VilLAGE III. VIHG 50aO, ... 1I0VE P",ULArIIlH WITH HAIlE 8fl~. (' \. J! I J~ \j1 ' tli '-,' ! ~AII AREA • . . . . . • . . • • • • • ...... • ...... IliIZIiII r.~ nt2~t ~ 12.1.1.1 . .-' \ HATIOIIAL HOiWAY • •• . •• • •• • •..•.•.•. .. . _-::IIH,:,:,'~I. __ '''':,.. InUl '!, .\.1 \'1 1:.. ') ~., \ .. ,./ \ .... ,...... •..1 STAll HIGHWAY ...... •• . . •. , .• • . ...••.• _--'~=:.lH ___ .,." ...... ' .. f l 1 " , '. ' I "" OTHER IHP GR UNT ROAD . •.• • •...••...•• . .. ~--::,-- ,.. :...... i. 1.1 .1.4 : .... ./ (". ",, ' 1. RAILWAY LIIE WITH STATION. 1II0AD GA UG E •••• " ~5 "._ r .... ~·"l. UU·It KAMRUP ( . ....\. "\. ',._.~ .....' 121141" t' 0.1.1.5) i H(TAf [jAW • , • •.• III II 1I11~ ",II I "...... : 0') • RlVEA , STREAM .• • • • • •• •••. . . • • . . . • • .• • = ...... I ...... :;., J'/ "" -,,'- "-" /" "'" ... " , .. I . • RfliiOHAL DIVISION •..• • •• . . • . •. • •• . •• • • .. F!l' · ...... ,/ (./ MAERO ••• _ ••• • ••• __ ••••• ___ ~~~=:~ ~~""- ...... :.~ .. IlESO ••• _ ••• __ • ••• • •• •••••• •• _ .. ~.' ,"" PIICRO •••. ___ • ____ • __ ••• - .. _ - ••• ~ "\.~.' / eOUNOARY. IHTERNATIOWoL. . . -.-.- SU8·HI(RO WITH IOOtIlAAY • _ •• __ •. • _ •••••• ~_ STATE D4STRln . .. • .. . .._, _ • _ 2.1.11 - NORTHERN FOOT HILLS PLAIN SUB·MICRO REGION CODE . 1911 12.1.I.IJ 2.7.1.2 . SORIffl)(i-BARP£TA LOW LAND 199, 2.7.1.1 1.11) - NALB ARI- ~ ANIiiA PLAIN RI ..ne tird • .nd ...b.n ilrU boundirl.o. Z.7.14 - aRAHI1APUTAA fLOOU PLAIN AREA TRANSFERRED FRDI'f KAHRIJP. UIIlll .... notionil. R.C. - AfVENUf CltCLE OISTRI IT TO NEWLY (lIf4 TED NAlB,,;!1 DISTRICT R.F· RESERVED FOREST DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: NALBARI STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO .. _ 06 No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (19 91) Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each RegIon 1991 T R U T R U 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.7 1.1 155 - NA NA NA 192522 192522 Northern FootHills N Plain A 2.71.2 15 - NA NA NA 23698 23698 Sorbhog Barpeta L Low Land B 2.71.3 513 2 Towns Nalban t Nalban (M.B.) N.A. NA 13.90 649876 626401 23 A Rangia Plain 2. Tihu (T.C.) R I 2.714 141 - N.A. N.A. N.A. 150294 150294 Brahmaputra Flood Plain ( i I I ! L_J 185 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: NALBARI STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 06 I Revenue Circle location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remar1 186 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIC-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NALBARI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code'06 Stale District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Nalbari 2.7.1.1 Baska and Alluvium Orthents The region covers the northern part of the district occupying Ncrthern Tarnulpur rocks, Ochrepts 155 villages of which 46 and 109 villages belong to Baska and Foot Tipam & (58) Tamulpur revenue circles respectively. Hills Surma Plain (Miocene It faces Bhutan in the north, Darrang district in the east, excluding Nalbari-Rangia Plain region in the south and Barpeta district in Pontian) the west. group of rocks. The region is entirely rural with a population of 192522 persons. It has 4 villages, namely, Doomni T.E., Bagajeei Reserve, Angarkata N.C. and No.2 Dongargaon having a population ot 5000 and above. Physiographicalfy, the region covers the foot hilts of Bhutan which slopes down towards south. The region consists of four reserved forests, namely, the Darranga, the Subankhata, the Mora Pagladiya and the Batabari (Part) scattered over it. The Pagladiya, the Baralia and the Puthimari in the east, are the important rivers of the region. Geologically, most of the area of the region is covered by Tipam and Surma group (Miocene excluding Pontian age) of rocks with a small patch of allUViums in the south. Soils are consist of Orthents-Ochrepts (58) sub-order associations. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. The transport and communications are poorly developed here. A tew matalled road; pass through the region. No notable industry is located here. Agriculture is the only means of economic subsistance in this part of the district. 187 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT :NALBARI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code' 06 Isiai€ District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics , Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) .-_ I~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Nalbari 2.7.1.2 Pachim Alluvium Psamments The region covers a part, very small in terms of area. Sorbhog· Nalbari rocks Fluvents positioning itself at the southern part of the district. It occupies Barpeta Aquents (38) only 15 villages that belong to Pachim Nalbari revenue circle. Lowland and Ochrepts· Aquepts· It is bounded by Nalbari Rangia Plain region in the north'east, Fluvents (85) Brahmaputra Flood Plain region in the south and Barpeta district at its west. The region is entirely rural with a population of 23698 persons. Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain. From the geological point of view, it is entirely covered with alluviums. Soils here are .composed of Psamments-Fluvents Aquents (38) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents(85) sub order. Paddy is the main food crop in the region. The transport and communication system is not adequate. There is only one metalled road that passes through the region. No industry is located here. 188 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAILS DISTRICT: NALBARI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code'06 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division lR.e.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM NaJbari 2.7.1.3 Baska, Alluvium Psamments The region covers the major central part of the district Nalbari Tamulpur, rocks Fluvents· occupying as many as 513 villages. The number of villages that Rangia Barama, Aquents (38) come from 8 different revenue circles are shown in the bracket Plain Ghograpar, Orthents· against their names as below: Tihu, Ochrepts (58) Kamarkuchi, Ochrepts Baska (82), Tamulpur (74), Barama (entire 41), Ghograpar Nalbari and Aquepts· (entire 78), Tihu (entire 39), Kamarkuchi (entire 69), Nalbari (90) Pachim Nalbari Fluvents (85) and Pachim Nalbari (40). The region is bounded by Northern Foot Hills Plain region in the north, Kamrup district in the east, parts of Sorbhog·Barpeta low land and Brahmaputra Flood Plain regions in the south and Barpeta district in the west. The total population of the region is 649876 person of which 626401 and 23475 belong to rural and urban respectively. The 2 towns, Nalbari (MB) and Tihu (T.C.) together cover an area of 13.90 sq.kms. resulting an urban density of 1689 persons per sq.km. It has 5 villages namely, Khudramakhibaha, Bongaon, Chamata, Belsor and Jagara having 5000 population each. Physiographically,1he region is an alluvial plain. The Pagladiya is one of the tributaries of the Brahmaputra, that emanents from the foot hills of Bhutan in the north and flows thriough it down to south. The transport and communication in this region is moderately developed. Railway lines, both broad gauge and metre gauge, the National Highway (No.31) and a good number of important metalled roads, criss-cross the region. Handloom weaving have I significant role in the rural lives of the entire region. 189 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NALBARI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code'06 r State --'District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) ~-:---·2 I 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Nalbari 2.7.1.4 Nalbari, Alluvium Psamenents The region covers the southem part of the district occupying a Brahmaputra Pachim rocks - Fluvents total of 141 villages of which 9,8 and the entire 124 villages Flood Plain Nalbari Aquents (38) belong to Nalbari, Pachim Nalbari and Barkhelri revenue circles And respectively. Barkhetri The boundaries of the region are composed of parts of Sorbhog-Barpeta Low Land and Nalbari Rangia Plain regions in the north, Kamrup district in the east and south and Barpeta district in the west. The region is entirely rural with a population of 150294 persons. There are 3 villages having a population of 5000 and above, namely, Kurihamari, Bhanganmari and Kalar Char. Physiographically, major part of it is covered by the river Brahmaputra in the south. The Pagladiya river enters into the region with the name Baralia, passes through it to meet the Brahmaputra in the south. Geologically, the region is a formation of alluvium rocks. The soil composition is of Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents (38) sub order. Rice is the staple tood of the region. The inhabitants of the 'char' areas mainly depend on cultivation and fishing. The transport and communication facilities are very poor and unable to fulfil the need of the people of the region. There IS only one important metalled road passing through it. No industrial activity is observed throughout the region. 190 DISTRICT DARRANG ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) Darrang district lies between 26° 11' 15" to 26° 56' 15" North latitudes and 91 0 42' 00" to 920 23' 30" East longitudes. It covers an alluvial tract between the Brahmaputra river on the south and foot hills of the eastern Himalayas on the north. The district is bounded by Bhutan' and Arunachal Pradesh on the north, the Sonitpur district in the east, the Marigaon district in the south and the Kamrup and Nalbari districts in the west It covers an area of 3481 sq.km. of which 3466.14sq.km. are rural, and 14.86 sq km. urban with a population of 1298860 persons. ( 1234876 are n,iral and, 63984 urban ). The density of the district is 373 persons per sq;km. It is divided into two sub-divisions. The Mangoldai Sub-division consists of seven rE~~enue circles, viz. Sipajhar, Mangaldai, Pathorigha~ Khoirabari, Kalaigaon, Harisinga and Dalgaon (part)' and two towns, i.e. Mangaldoi and Tangla. Th~udalguri sub-diviSion consists of three' revenue circles viz. Udalguri, Majbat, Dalgaon (part) and two towns viz. Udalguri and Kharupefia. Mangoldoi is the district headquarters. Physiographically, the district is mainly a flat alluvial plain. In the, northern front along the base of the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas; 'it,is'covered with green grass ,and dense jungles from where the alluvial plain gradually slopes downJo ,the Brahmaputra. There are several low lying mounds in the form of monadnocks lie scattered ov~r the district.' ' The Brahmaputra is the principal river which flows along the southern boundary of the district. The Bar ,the Kalapani, the Chandana, the Kulsi, the Dhansiri and the Paehnai are the important drainages of the district that meet the Brahmaputra in the south. i \' The climate is mainly characterised by abundant monsoon rains accompanied by highly humid atmosphere and usually dry cold season from December ,to February. Geologically the major POrtion of the district is composed of alluviums. A strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks is found along the foot hHls of the Himalayas. The entire district is covered with alluvial deposits of recent and sub-recent origin. , There are two types of soil in the district as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.CAR. (Nagpur) viz. Orthents - Ochrepts (58) and Ochrpts - Aquepts - Fluvents (85). The main reserved forest belt of the district is situated in the sub-montane tract at the foot hills zone of the Bhutan Himalayas. Rowta, Khaling-duar and Barnadi reserved forests are located in this area. The forest of the district can be divided into following types (1) Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests (2) Mixed Deciduous forests (3) Sal forests (4) Riverine forests (5) Savannah forests and (6) Bamboo and cane forests. 191 Agriculture is the main occupation of the inhabitants here. Apart from paddy, jute, sugar cane and tea are the important cash crops. Rice is the staple food of the district. Jute is grown on the low lying areas mainly along the bank of the Brahmaputra. Soils are mainly acidic that suits tea cultivation. Fishes are found in rivers, ponds and Bils. Handloom weaving, sericulture, bamboo and cane products etc. are the important cottage industries providing, subsidiary occupation to the villagers. Tea plantation is the large scale industry employing largest number of labourers.in the district. The transport & communication facilities in this district is fairly improved. A metre gauge railway line passes across the district linking important commercial stations. The district has a good network of all weather roads and the places are well connected. District Darrang is a part of the Central Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.2.) which is divided into three sub·micro regions as follows, on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.2.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain: This region spreads over the northern part of the district, occupying 407 villages and one town i.e. Udalguri. The region has a population of 349192 persons ( 337106 are rural and 12086 urban ). Physiographically, the region belongs to the foot hills of the Eastern Himalayas covered with wide stretches of forests. Most of the rivers of the region emanate from Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh Himalayas and find their ways to the Brahmaputra river which flows along the southern boundary of the district. Geologically, the Upper Tertiary ( Tipam and Surma group) rocks are found in large part of the region. The soils are composed of loose sandy texture with occasional sands and gravels. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. Rice is the staple food. Handloom weaving is an important cottage industry of the region. 2.7.2.2. Central Plain: The region covers the central part of the district occupying 781 villages and two towns, namely, Mangaldoi and Tangla. The region is inhabited by 775139 population (738583 are rural and 36556 urban). It is mainly a flat alluvial tract with elevated areas consisting of low hills and covered with jungles. The alluvial deposits here are of recent and su~recent origin. The soils are very much fertile and suitable for growing rice. High acidity in the soil is helpful for tea plantation, where a large number of tea gardens are located. 2.7.2.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: The region spreads over southern part of the district, having 156 villages and one town, i.e. Kharupatia. The region has a population of 175979 persons of which 160637 are rural and 15342 urban. The Brahmaputra is the major drainage of the region which flows from east to west along the southern boundary of the district creating an elongated flood plain. The excessive deposition of silt brought down from the Himalayas creates sand dunes over the bed resulting in erosion of its banks and occasional changes in channels. Geologically the flood plain is entirely composed of recent alluviums. Riverine type of forests are found along the banks of the rivers. The region is very fertile for agriculture. Paddy is the main crop. Mustard and some varieties of pulses are also grown here . .•• _--.--..•. X•••. -•.• --- 192 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 29 ASSAM DARRANG DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 08 REGIONAL DtVISIONS k. :, a Z J It. I I f-l N 1 J. " ... • " U ." fg C !!. ... • a II: ..:a ... .. z () 0 • c SOILS KraL__YI ,r;' I '" • ..._ ...... Y '\ ._~ "r- G ~ Y 'V. V'Y - •• i , ~v ySa Y 'Iv,:" .,," ~ o ' ,.~EotO~1 Ci:,, : }_} II: + o r a'\.· ._} ·,.--"al - ..r~. ..·:-.-: ' . ·:_.· . · >/ to 6 - ...... ~-!...i .....a ~ Ii a~· (,;... ._'X .... v-• VV~,; r.i\i"I !y v y y V • ~ 58 ORTHENTS-OCI1RfPTS .. ' I J .. to \ y 'I Y V j ~ 85 OCHRPTS-AUUEPTS " y y v i FlUYENTS ,jv ' V v V). . v v .JI i' '., .i .~. f"iY1 ALLUYIUI'\ .'1 'I y,. ~ .001 ... I'AA1 TIPAH 8. SURMA GROUP .IO~-r'/ L,::._:..J hnioron. , .rludin'.1 pon~l.nl OARRANG DISTRICT ~ .. ,...... \"" KHASI GREEN-STONE [IIMlgt. In rlg!oni' bouIImlu 1911·9' o " 11,, '! lv,,1 KII L_...3Q • 'fTiTr .' BOUNOARY. INTERNATIONAL . • ...... --.-.- STATE...... , ... ft 1 DISTRICT ...... •... _(r'·~=: .~~f lJI ~m'\[[U'1 n"1"\H\. ·:11 tffl-Illl. REVENUE (IRClE · .. . ' " .•. ... • ... -. -. _. RESERYED FImfST WITH NAI1( . . . .. • .. ~: ii~~~ ~ ' ~.f . : : 'i t·· .. ,,···,'· .. ·.. · ~ 1 ·~tli m Hfil It . tLJ!-·-J.~ , VILLAGE HAVING soon AIl:' o\IIOVE POPUl An Oli .... ITH NM1E N~ n olpJri T.E " DARRAIIG ...., •• • I 2.1 .2.3._ .... •...... ·_·_·, URBAN AII£A ... . ., ' " •.. ' " . .. ~ i .···· :r ...... JJ I Y , w' ,.~ ' \ '.-- .",.. OT HER ,MPORHNT ROAD • ...... '·..... l . RS j ...... /J' BOUNDARY. INTERNAT IONAL ..•.• .•. _._._ 1l ,l,ILWAY LlIIE WITH STATION. METRE GAUGE . I ' I IIWI IIIII RIYER ANO STREAM . _. . . • .,. ..• •. . • • . &P ,; ,... STATE ·· . .. •.. • ••• " _ .. _ .. _ == RE GIONAL DIVISIONS ...... , 2 7 2 ...• __ _ ..... (_ DIS TRICT ...... _. __ _ HACRO ______~.. SUB-I'1ICRO REGlO~ ...... MfSO - - --______2.1.2.1-NO RTHERN FOOT HIlLS PL AIN SUB-I1lCRO REG 10M ( OOE . .• ...... ••• Z.1.Z.1 HlCRO-- - __ ----- __ 2.1.2.2-CENTRAl PLAIJoI AREA TRANSfERRED FROM DARRANCi SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY ------~ __ 2.1.2.3-BR AHI1APUTRA flOOD PLAIN DlS TRICT TO NEWLY (REA TEO SONlTPIJR DI STRICT . •• • ..•. . . . •.•.•.•••• • [[II] [ Reid tho Slquentt of reglOni' 3i ;isions wi lli rlfrenctto t h RtvtllU. (I ~cl. ~d 'lI'b ilt\ M .. all India ... p codos up to ] tilr 1 bouI!d ...... s ... notion .. R. (-RfVEI'I\It CIRCLE Udllquri urbiin lII'U could n.t be T.E~ TEA ESTA Tf . Ihown due to l iK~ 0' infOr tliit ion. DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: DARRANG STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 08 No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Populahon in Region (1991) i District Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991 ) in each I Region I -, r---T------1991 T R U T R U 2 -3- 4 5 6 7 8 9 -10 r------I I I I j 2.72.1 407 1 Town - - 4.69 349192 337106 12086 Northern Udalgu ri {T.C.} D Foot Hills Plam A R 2.7.2.2 781 2 Town S- i Central Plain t Mangaldoi - - 7.81 773689 737133 36556 R 1 (M .B) 2 Ta ngla (I.C.) A ; N ! I V.2.3. 156 1 Town I Brahmaputra Kharup atia(T.C.) - - 2.36 175979 160637 15342 G Flood Plain 1 ! I l___ _ _l 195 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: DARRANG STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 08 ~ Division No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remarks No, Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per I 1991 villages and Division in 1991) r in RC. Towns in Sq. Km \ 1 Division ~--2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 1 2.7.2.1 I Northern Khoirabari 1,17,27,28 4 2 to 16, 18 to 26,29 to 91 , Foot Hills are in region no 2.7.2.2 Plain Harisinga 1 to 94,99 to 181, 179 95 to 98, 182 to 202,205 are 203,204 407 NA in region no 2.7.2.2 t--;U;-;-d-;-a-;-'gu-ri~-·-t-1:;-:t:-'0~138=-=-, 1~4-;-::-0,--:1-:-44:-:t-o -+--:1-=6~O-:-----I villages 139, 141 to 143, 148 to 150, 147, 151 to 161, 164, 162, 163, 165 to 168, 173 to 169 to 172, 176 1 175, 177 to 224 are in region town no 2.7.2.2 r.M~a-!~b-a;-t-----,t-1:-:t~07.53~,=57=~t-o~64~,~66~,-+~~~--~ 54 to 56,65,67,68, 70 to I 69,86 85, 87 to 137 are in region I : no 2.7.2.2 2 i 2.7.2.2 i Central Plain Kalaigaon All villages 103 All villages are in region no.2.7.2.2 I Pathorighat All villages 86 All villages are in region no. 2.7.2.2 I 1,17,27,28 are in region no i Khoirabari 2 to 16, 18 to 26, 29 to 87 91 2.7.2.1 i Majbat 54 to 56,65,67,68, 73 1 to 53, 57 to 64, 66, 69, 86, 70 to 85,87 to 137 are in region no 2.7.2.1 Dalgaon (pt) 1 to 69 69 70 to 87 are in region no (under Mangaldoi 2.7.2.3 Sub-division) '_'D::-a--lg-aon__"(P=-t).I--~-'1-tO-7=O-::,7:::-2-C-tO-::7=9,-::9=7-:-to-+-:1:::-32=------l 781 NA 71,80 to 96, 136 to 142, (under Udalguri 135, 143 to 155, 157, villages 156, 159 to 173 are in region sub-division) 158 no 2.7.2.3 Mangaldoi 1 to 61, 64 to 85, 88 to 94 2 62,63,86,87,98 to 143 are 97, 144 towns in region no 2.7.2.3 Slpajhar 1 to 6,53 to 93 47 7 to 52, 94 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Hansinga 95 to 98, 182 to 202, 26 1 to 94,99 to 181, 203, 204 205 are in region no 2.7.2.1 ~algun 139, 141 to 143, 148 64 1 to 138, 140, 144 to 147, to 150, 162, 163, 165 151 to 161, 164, 169 to 172, to 168, 173 to 175, 176 are in region no 2.7.2.1 177 to 224 i Gootd. 196 8 ,--';------r-- 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 3 2.7.2.3 1 to 6, 53 to 93 are in region 47 Brahmaputra Sipajhar 7to 52, 94 no 2.7.2.2 FloodP!ain 1 to 61, 64 to 85,88 to 97, 'Mangaldoi 62,63,86,87,98to 50 144 are in region no 2.7.2.2 \ 143 156 villages 1 to 69 are in region no I Dalgaon (Pt.) 70 to 87 ~8 2.7.2.2 (under Mangaldoi 1 sub-division) . 1 to 70, 72 to 79, 97 to 135, 41 town I Dalgaon (Pt.) 71,80 to 96, 136 to 143 to 155, 157, 158 are in I 142,156,159 to 173 I (Under Udalguri region no 2.7.2.2 I sub-division) : ( 1 ! I I i, I I, '\ : , ! I i I ! : I I II l_L 197 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIC-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT :DARRANG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·08 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physic - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 I 7 I ASSAM Darrang 2.7.2.1 Khoirabari, Alluviums, Orthents - The region covers the northern part of the district occupying Northem Harisinga, Tipam and Ochrepts 407 villages of which 4, 179, 160 and 64 villages belong to Foot Udalguri and Surma group (58) Khoirabari, Hansinga, Udalguri and Majbat revenue circles Hills Majbat of rocks. respectiely. Plain (Miocene excluding The boundaries at the region are occupied by parts of Bhutan Pontian) and Arunachal Pradesh in the north, Sonitpur district in the east, Central Plain region in the south and the parts of Kamrup and Nalbari districts in the west. The total population of the region is 349192 of which 337106 are rural and 12086 urban. The town Udalguri (T.C.) which covers 4.69 SQ.kms. area falls under it. The urban density is 2239 per SQ.km. 2 villages with above 5000 population, namely, Nanoipara T.E. and Orangajuli T.E. are located here. Physiographically, the region covers the foot hills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. Three Reserved Forests namely, the Bamadi, the Khalingduar and the Roma are located in the northem part of the region. The rivers Barnadi and Pachnoi are flowing along the westem and eastern boundaries of it respectively. The other important rivers here are the Kalapani, the Kulsi, the Chandana and the Dhansiri, which are the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra in its north bank. Geologically, the entire northern part of the region is covered by Tipam and Surma (Miocene excluding Pontian) group of rocks inluding a small part by alluvium. Soils are of Orthents-Ocherpets (58) sub-order. Paddy is the main food crop in the region. The transport and communication system is moderately developed. A metre gauge railway line and a few important metalled and unmetalled roads provide the required impetus in the region. Industrially, the region is poorly developed. EX?lpt a few tea gardens, no other notable industry is observed in thiS region. 198 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHVSIO-CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: DARRANG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·08 - m DiVision Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics ·'IDiName." Number & Administrative _- . Name Division (R.CJ 1 i 2 3 4 5 13 7 ASSAM Darrang 2.7.2.2 Kalaigaon, Alluvium Orthents The region covers the central part of the district. It occupies as Central Paihorighat, rocks Ochreots many as 781 villages whose distributions in the revenue cireles. Plain Khoirabari, (58) are as follows: Kalaigaon - entire 103, Palhorighat - entire 86, . Majbat and Ochreots - Khoirabari 87, Dalgaon 201, Mangaldoi 94, Sipajhar 47. . Dalgaon Aquepts - Harisinga 26 and Udalguri 64 viUages. Fluvents (85) It is bounded by Northem Foot Hills Plain region in the north, SonilfJur district in the east, Brahmaputra Flood Plain region in the south and Kamrup district in the west. The total population in the region is 773689 persons comprising of 737133 in rural and 36556 in urban. Two towns namely, Mangaldoi (M.B.) and Tangla (T.C.) are located in this region. These together cover an area of 7.81 sq.kms. which resuijed in an urban density of 4681 persons per sq.km. Physiographically, the region is composed of recent alluviums. The Dhansiri is the major river flowing here. Besides, the rivers like the Kalapani, the Kulsi, the Chandana and the Mora Dhansiri too flow through it. The Pachnoi and the Bamadi rivers determine the east and west boundaries of the region respectively. The soil is composed of Orthents - Ochrepts (58) and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluvents (85) sub-groups. Rice is the main toodhere. The transport and communication system is moderately developed in the region. A metre gauge railway, a State Highway and a few other important roads pass through it. A major industry, the Prag Bosimi Synthetics Ud., a textile unit in the coopeative sector is located here. A good number of small industries like rice mills, saw mills are also noticed in the region. 199 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DEl AILS DISTRICT: OARRANG STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·08 State--"-District Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics ! Division Name of the Geology !, Name Number & Administrative t Name Di'-lision IR.C.\ i I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I ASSAM Oarrang 2.7.23 Sipajhar, Alluvium Ochrepts The region covers the southern part 01 the district occupying Brahmaputra Mngaldoi rocks, Aquepts 156 villages of which 47, 50 and 59 belong to Sipajhar, Flood Plain and Oalgaon Khasi Fluvents (85) Mangaldoi and Dalgaon R.Cs respectively. green stone It faces Central Plain region in the north, Sonitpur district in the (massive). east, parts of Kamrup and Marigaon districts in the south and Kamrup district in the west direction. The total population of the region is 175979 of which 160637 are rural and 15342 urban. The only town in the region e.g. Kharupatia (T.C.) covers an area of 2.36 sq.kms. resulting an urban density of 6501 persons per sq.km. which is the highest in the district. Physiographically, the region IS the fomnation of recent origin by the action and deposition of the Brahmaputra river. Orang Reserved Forest is located here. The Brahmaputra river by virtue of its braided nature occupies a major part of the region and keeps the region physicaly disturbed. Mixed deceduous and riverine forests are commonly seen. TaU grasses and casurinas are widely found in the 'char' areas. The Dhansiri river confluences with the Brahmaputra at the south-eastem corner of the region. Among the important drainages the Barnadi, Hawing along the western boundary, the Seng, the Chandana and the Mora Dhansiri rivers cut across the region and meet the Btrahmaputra in the south. Geologically the region is madeup of Alluvium rocks excluding some occasional presence 01 Khasi green stone (massive). Soils are consist 01 Ochrepts-Aquepts-Ruvents (85) sub-order. Rice is the staple food of Ihe inhabitants. The transport and communication system is poorly developed here. Neither railway nor importanl roads are seen in the region. II is also poor in the industrial aspect. . 200 DISTRICT SONITPUR ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Sonitpur district lies between 26° 28' 00" and 27° 02' 15" North latitudes and 92° 19' 00" and 93° 47' 15" East longitudes. It covers an alluvial tract between the Brahmaputra river on the south and the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in the north. It is bounded by the districts of lakhimpur in the east, Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagaon and Morigaon in the south and Darrang in the west. It covers an area of 5324 sq.kms. of which 5296.63 sq.kms, are rural and 27.37 sq.kms. urban, with a population of 1424287 persons comprising of 1320379 rural and 103908 urban. The density of population of the district is 264 per sq.km. The district is divided in to two sub-divisions, viz. Tezpur and Biswanath. The Tezpur sub-division consists of four revenue circles and three towns, namely, Chariduar, Dnekiajuli, Tezpur, and Naduar revenue circles and Rangapara, Dhekiajuli and Tezpur towns respectively. The Biswanath sub-ci;vision consists of three revenue circles and one town, viz.Biswanath, Helem, Gohpur circles and Biswanath Chariali town. Tezpur is the district headquarters. Physiographically, the district is a flat alluvial tract. In the southern part, a few scattered 'lnselbergs' of gneissic rocks not exceeding 90 to 140 metres of height above the mean sea level lie along the north bank of the Brahmaputra river. In the northern front along the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, it is covered with green grass and dense Jungles from where the alluvial plain gradually slopes down to the Brahmaputra. There are several low mounds scattered over the region. The Brahmaputra flows along the southern boundary of the district. Irs main tributaries in the district are the Pachnai, the Gabharu, the Jia Bharali, the Bar Dikrai, the Ghiladhari, the Borgang, the Buroi and the Mar. The geology and climate of the district is as same as that of the Darrang district. There are four types of soil in the district as classified by N.B.S.S.and I.CAR. (Nagpur) as follows- Udalfs - Aqualfs - Ochrepts, Udalfs - Orhtents, Orthents - Ochrepts and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluvents. Being on alluvial tract, the district does not possess any mineral of much economic value except for the alluvial clays, sands, gravels and boulders of gneissic rocks. The main forest belt of the district is situated in the sub-montane tract along the foothills of the Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan. The important reserved forests of the district are Chariduar, Bilipara, Na duar, Biswanath, Behali and Gohpur, The forests of the district can be divided into following types - ( i) Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests, ( ii) Mixed deciduous forests ( iii) Sal forests ( iv) Riverine forests ( v) Savannah forests and (vi) Bamboo and cane forest. 201 Agriculture is the main occupation of the inhibitants. Paddy is extensively grown over the district. Rice is the staple food here. Jute and Tea are the important cash crops. Jute is cultivated in the low lying areas. Tea is planted over the undulating terrains. High acidity of the soil here is suitable for tea cultivation. Fish is also considered a major food item by a vast majority of population, which are found in bils, ponds and rivers. Handloom weaving, sericulture, bamboo and cane products etc. are the important cottage industries common among the rural population, Tea plantation is a large scale industry which employs largest number of labourers in the district. Beside, a cotton mill is also located at chariduar. The transport and communication facilities are fairly developed A railway line (Metre Gauge) passess through the district from east to west. The district has a good network of all weather roads providing inter and intra-district communications. District Sonitpur is a part of the Central Brahmaputra valley (2.7.2) which is divided in to three sub micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.2.1. Northern Foot Hills Plain: The region spreads over the northern part of the district covering 485 villages and is entirely rural. It has 298945 population. Physiographically, it is a part of the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas covered with wide stretches of forests. Most of the rivers of the region emanate in Arunachal Pradesh and finds their ways across the district to the Brahmaputra in the south. The Pachnai, the Sonai, the Rupai, the Belsiri. the Jia Bharall, the Bar Dikrai, the Ghiladhari. the Borgang, the Buroi and the Mar are the important rivers of the region. GeoiogicaUy. the Upper Teritary rocks (Tipam and Surma group ) cover a large part of the region. Soils are composed of loose sandy texture with occassional sands and gravels. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. Rice is the staple food. Handloom weaving is an important cottage Industry of the region. 2.7.2.2. Central Plain:- The region covers central.part of the district. It spreads from west to east occupying 1091 villages and four towns, inhabited by 1013094 population. The region is mainly a flat alluvial tract. The elevated parts consist of low hills of about 60 to 150 metres high, covered with dense jungles sweep outwards in a crescent shape. The entire region is composed of alluvial deposites of recent and sub-recent origin. The soil is very much fertile and most suitable for rice cultivation. High.acidily of the soil is fruitful for tea cultivation which favours the location of a large number of tea gardens in the region. 2.7.2.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: The region spreads over southern part of the district along the Brahmaputra' covering 177 villages. ·The region has 112248 population and is entirely rural. The Brahmaputra with its recent deposits has created this flood plain which is vulnerable to flood and erosion. The mass of silt brought down from the upper reaches creates extensive sand dunes which result in raising its bed, change in channel course. sudden extensive flood causing occasional loss of life and properties and deep siltation over the banks etc. Geologically it is composed of alluvial rocks. Riverine type of forests are found along the banks of the rivers. The region is very much fertile for agriculture. Paddy and vegetables are the main agricultural produce of this region. ------X ------ 202 1!. ;i .. ~ c0 ~ ~ () i £ "i -c ...~ j- ... ! ~~ .. "Ii'" • II .• ! !i .. " -• -oi ~ ,; ! 8 ...... "Il li ~ :i It .c .. Ie ~ " .. $ '0 ~ II II:: -xi e .J .c PI:! 01 ~! ." ..a 0 e us 0 4- a: a. , I I I . Q iii ! .. Iii ~ I 'II" 0 4L "4 z ~ ':) cr. .. ~ o z u..o (/) :J (/) Z W U DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: SONITPUR STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 09 -- 1 No. of No. ofTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) i District Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 I (1991) I in each i Region ! i 1991 T R U T R U :--1- i------1------2 3 4 5 6 . 7 8 9 10 I I 2.7.2.1 485 - - - - 298945 298945 - I I !I Northern 5 Foot Hills Plain I I I I 0 N 2.7.2.2 1091 4 Towns Central Plain 1. Rangapara - ._ 27.37 1013094 909186 103908 (lC.) 2. Dhekiajuli (M.B.) I 3. Biswanath Chariali (T.C.) 4. Tezpur (M.B.) T P 2.7.2.3 177 - - - 112248 - 112248 - U Brahmaputra FloodPlain R 205 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: SONITPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Code No' 09 r-sr- Division No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total No. Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per of of villages Regional (village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in RC. Towns in Sq.Km - Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2.7.2.1 Northern Chariduar 1 to 12,16 to 31, 215 113 13 to 15, 32 to 214 are in Foot Hills to 299 region no 2.7.2.2 Plain Dhekiajuli 1 to 16, 18, 20 to 36, 5? 17, 19, 37 to 45, 47, 49, 51 46, 48, 50, 59 to 62, to 58, 63 to 85, 87 to 96, 98, 86,97,99, 100, 102 to 101,106 to 115,117 to 136, 105, 116, 137, 339, 138 to 234, 236 to 250,252 344 to 348 to 255, 257 to 288, 293 to 302, 306 to 321, 328, 329, 331 to 335, 337, 338, 340 to 343 are in region no 2.7.2.2 235, 251, 256, 289 to 292, 303 to 305,322 to 327,330, 336 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Na-duar 1 to 31,33 to 38,44 to 50 32, 39 to 43, 50 to 50, 63 to 49, 61, 62, 196 to 200 144, 146, 163 to 175 are in region no 2.7.2.2 485 N.A. 145, 147 to 162, 176 to 195 villages are in region no 2.7.2.3 Biswanath 1 to 31, 44 to 64,66, 95 32 to 43, 65, 68, 99 to 130, 67,69 to 98, 131, 144 132 to 143, 151 to 156, 159 to 150, 157, 158, 375 to 273,301,302,304 to 309, 331 to 344, 349 to 374 are in region no 2.7.2.2 274 to 300, 303, 310 to 330, 345 to 348 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Helem 1 to 12, 52, 54 to 110, 105 13 to 38,40 to 44,46 to 51, 114,115,164 to 175, 53, 111 to 113, 116 to 128, 195 to 215 135, 138 to 163, 176 to 193 are in region no 2.7.2.2 39,45, 129 to 134, 136, 137, 194 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Gohpur 1 to 7, 9 to 14, 29, 130 65 8, 15 to 28, 30 to 97, 101, to 173, 175 to 181 103, 104, 108 to 110, 129, 174 are in region no 2.7.2.2 98 to 100, 102, 105 to 107, 111 to 128 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Contd. 206 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 r-2~U.2.2 I Ce ntral Plain Chariduar 13 to 15, 32 to 214 186 1091 1 to 12, 16 to 31,215 to 299 villages are in region no 2.7.2.1 r-otIekiajuli 17, 19, 37 to 45,47, 2i'3 4 N.A. 1 to 16, 18, 20 to 36, 46, 48, 49, 51 to 58, 63 to 85, Towns 50, 59 to 62, 86, 97, 99, 100, 87 to 96,98,101,106 102 to 105, 116, 137,339, to 115,117 to 136, 344 to 348 are in region no 138 to 234,236 to 2.7.2.1 250, 252 to 255, 257 235,251,256,289 to 292, to 288, 293 to 302, 303 to 305,322 to 327,330, 306 to 321, 328, 329, 336 are in region no 2 7.2.3 331 to 335, 337, 338, 340 to 343 Tezpur 1 to 61,65 to 92,112 102 62 to 64, 93 to 111, 123 to -:-;-. to 122, 134, 135 133 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Na-duar . 32, 39 to 43, 50 to 60, 1'3 1 to 31,33 to 38, 44 to 49, 63 to 144, 146, 163 to 61, 62, 196 to 200 are in 175 region no 2.7.2.1 145, 147 to 162, 176 to 195 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Biswanath 32 to 43, 65, 68, 99 to 227 1 to 31, 44 to 64, 66, 67, 69 130, 132 to 143, 151 to 98,131,144 to 150,157, to 156, 159 to 273, 158, 375 are in region no 301,302,304 to 309, 2.7.2.1 331 to 344, 349 to 274 to 300,303,310 to 330, 374. 345 to 348 are in region no 2.7.2.3 Heiem 13 to 38,40 to 44,46 99 1 to 12, 52, 54 to 110, 114, to 51,53,111 to 113, 115, 164 to 175, 195 to 215 116to 128,135,138 are in region no 2.7.2.1 to 163, 176 to 193 39,45, 129 to 134, 136, 137, 194 are in region no 2.7.2.3 1 to 7, 9 to 14, 29, 130 to 8, 15 to 28,30 to 97, 173, 175 to 181 are in region Gohpur 101,103,104,10810 9'1 no 2.7.2.1 110,129,174 98 to 100, 102, 105 to 107, 111 to 128 are in region no 2.7.2.3 i \ __L Conld. 207 ,---'-- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 2.7.2.3 Brahmaputra Dhekiajuli 235,251,256,289to 18 1 to 16, 18,20 to 36,46,48, Flood Plain 292, 303to 305, 322 to 50, 59 to 62,86,97, 99, 100, 327,330,336 102 to 105, 116, 137,339, 344 to 348 are in region no ! 2.7.2.1 17, 19,37 to 45,47,49,51 to 58, 63 to 85, 87 to 96, 98, 101, 106 to 115, 117to 136, 138 to 234, 236 to 250, 252 to 255, 257 to 288, 293 to 302, 306 to 321, 328, 329, ~ 331 to 335,337,338,340 to 343 are in region no 2.7.2.2 Tezpur 62 to 64,93 to 111, 3.3 Ho 61,65 to 92,112 to 122, 123 to 133 134, 135 are in region no 2.7.2.2 Na - duar 145, 147 to 162, 176 37 177 NA 1 to 31, 33 to 38, 44 to 49, to 195 villages 61,62,196 to 200 are in region no 2.7.2.1 32, 39 to 43, 50 to 50, 63 to 144, 146, 163 to 175 are in region no 2.7.2.2 Biswanath 274 to 300, 303, 310 53 1 to 31,44 to 64,66,67,69 to 330, 345 to 348 to 98, 131, 144 to 150, 157, 158,375 are in region no 2.7.2.1 32 to 43, 65, 68, 99 to 130, 132 to 143, 151 to 156, 159 to 273, 301, 302, 304 to 309, 331 to 344,349 to 374 are in rl}9ion no 2.7.2.2 Helem 39,45, 129 to 134, 11 1 to 12, 52, 54 to 110, 114, 136, 137, 194 115, 164 to 175, 195 to 215 are in region no 2.7.2.1 13 to 38, 40 to 44,46 to 51, ! 53,111 to 113,116 to 128, 135, 138 to 163, 176 to 193are in region no 27.2.2 I Gohpur 98 to 100, 102, 105 to 25 1 to 7, 9 to 14, 29, 130 to 107,111 to 128 173, 175 to 181 are in region I no 2.7.2.1 8, 15 to 28, 30 to 97, 101, 103, 104, 108, 109, 110, 129, 174 are in region no 2.7.2.2 L1_ 208 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CUl TURAl DETAILS DISTRICT; SONITPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. :09 r I State District Division Nameoithe Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics I Name Number & Administrative I Name Division (R.C.) L__!__ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Sonitpur 27.2.1 Chariduar, Alluvium Udalfs The region covers the northern part of the district occupying Northern Dhekiajuli, rocks, Aqualfs - 485 villages. The number of villages in each RC. are as follows: Foot Naduar, Tipam & Ochrepts Chariduar 113, Dhekiajuli 57, Naduar 50, Biswanath 95, Helem Hills. Biswanath, Surma group (21) 105 and Gohpur -65. P:ains H~lem and (Miocene Udalfs - Gohpur excluding Orthents It is surrounded by Arunachal Pradesh in the north, Lakhimpur Ponti an) (23) district in the east, Central Plain region in the south and Darrang Orthents distric1 in the west. Ochrepts (58) The region is entirely rural with a population of 298945 persons. Here, Baligaon Chapari is the only village having above 5000 population. Physlographically, the region belongs to the foot hills of Eastern Himalayas from where the alluvial plain gradually slopes down to the Brahmaputra. The region at the foot·hills is covered by wide stretches of jungles falling under Chariduar, Balipara, Na-duar, Biswanath, Behali and Gohpur Reserved Forests. The Belsiri, the Sonai Rupai, the Sharall and the GhHadhari are the important rivers flow through the region. Besides, a number of small rivers like the Pachnai, the Chapai, the Gargan, the Bural, the Balijan, the Magani, the Chatrang, the Mar etc. are passing through it. Geologically, Tipam and Surma group of rocks (Miocene excluding Ponti an ) are found in large part of the region. The Upper Tertiary rocks mainly cover the foot hills. Alluvium rocks are also found here. Soils in the region are composed of Udalfs· Aqualfs-Ochrepts (21), Udalts·Orthents (23) and Orthents· Ochrepts (58) sub·groups. The transport and communication in the region is under developed. A metre gauge railway (in two different parts) and a few important roads pass through the region. No notable industry is Observed here. STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: SONITPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·09 State District Division i Name of the Geology Soils Physic - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & I Administrative . Name Division IR.G.l t 1 2 3 l 4 5 f, 7 ASSAM Sonllpur 2.7.2.2 Chariduar, Alluvim, Udalfs - The central part of the district is covered by this region Central Dhekiajuli, Tipam & Orthents occupying 1091 villages that fall under 7 different revenue circles Pain Tezpur, Surma (23) as follows: Chariduar (186 villages), Dhekiajuli (273), Tezpur Naduar, group Orthents (102), Nadur (113), Biswanath (227), Helem (99) and Gohpur Biswanath, (Miocene Ochrepts (91). Helem and excluding (58) Gohpur. Pontian) Ochrepts The region faces the Northern Foot Hills Plain region in the Khasi Aquepts - north, lakhimpur district in the east, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain green Fluvents (85) region in the south and Darrang district in the west. stone (Massive The Iota) popu)ation ot the r99ion is 1013094 persons 01 which rocks). 909186 and 103908 belong to rural and urban sectors respectively. Four towns namely, Tezpur ;(M.B.), Rangapara (T.C.), Dhekiajuli (M.B.) and Biswanath Chanali (T.C.) are located here. These together occupy a total area of 27.37 sq.kms. resulting an urban density of 3796 persons per sq.km. There are six villages located in the region, namely, Niz Bihaguri, Sopora Chuburi gaon, Bhaluke Khowa gaon , Pitha Khowa gaon, Ukhak gaon and Maz gaon having above 5000 population. Physiographically, the region is a lIat plain with a few elevated tracts consist of low hills about 60 to 150 metres high covered with miscellaneous forests. The tract is sloping gently towards south. The Jia Sharali a main right bank tributory of the Brahmaputra is an important river among the drainages in the region. The other important outlets here are the Chapai, the Belsin, the Sonai-Rupai,the Ghiladhari, the Borgang and the Burai. The region is rich in tea plantation that enhance the natural beauty of this part of land. Geologically, the entire region is covered by alluvial deposits of recent and sub-recent origin, excluding a small part in the northern part covered by Tipam and Surma group (Miocene excluding Pontian). A smalf patch of Khasi green stone (massive) is seen in the south. There are three types of soils available here, namely Udalfs-Orthents (23), Othents-Ochrepts (58) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85). Rice is the staple food in the region. The transport and communication system in the region is moderately developed. A metre gauge railway line, National Highway no. 37 A , a State Highways and a larlge number of important roads criss cross the region. Cottage industries like rJeaving, sericulture, bamboo and cane works and small scale ndustries like saw mills, flour mills, soap factories etc. mark the ,ubsidiary occupation of the inhabitants. 10 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: SONITPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·09 I State I District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrativ Name e DiviSion , (R.e.) b- i 2 I 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Sonitpur 2.7.2.3 Dhekiajuli, Alluvium Udalfs The region covers the southern part of the district and covers Brahmaputra Tezpur, rocks. Orthents 177 villages that belong to Dhekiajuli (18), Tezpur (33), Na-duar 1=lood Plain Na-duar, (23) (37), Biswanath (53), Helem (11) and Gohpur (25) revenue Biswanath, Ochrepts - circles respectively. Helem and Aquepts Gohpur. Fluvents (85) The region is sorrounded by Gentral Plain region in the north, parts 01 Jomal and Lakhimpur districts in the easl, parts of Marigaon, Nagaon and Golaghat districls in the south and Darrang district in the west. It is entirely rural with a population of 112248 persons. Physiographically, the region is characterised as a flood plain of the river Brahmaputra. Major part of which is covered by the braided Brahmaputra itself. It is a low flat alluvial plain covered with casuarina, reeds and other tali grasses. The rivers namely, the Jia Gabharu, the Jia Bharali, the Ghiladhari, the Borgong and the Burai cut across the region 10 ultimately find their ways into the Brahmaputra. Geologically, the entire region is covered by alluvium rocks. The recent alluviums are conSisting of loosely consolidated sands and clays with occassional covering by riverine vegetation. As regards soils, Udalfs-Orthents (23) and Ochrepts-Aquepts Fluvents (85) types are found here. Rice is the staple food in the region. The transport and communication system in the region is poor. The National Highway No.37A joins the district with the south bank of the Brahmaputra by the constuction of a bridge. Besides, only a few roads pass through it. The region is lagging behind in the industrial aspects. No notable industry other than some bamboo and cane works are located here. Insignificant Automobile workshops and iron fabrications etc. are observed in the fringes of the towns. 211 DISTRICT NAGAON ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) Nagaon district is situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra river occuping a central geographical position in the state of Assam. The district is located in between 25° 41' 45" and 26° 41' 45" North latitudes and 92° 23' 45" and 93° 20' 00 "East longitudes. On the north it is bounded by the river Brahmaputra, on the east the Karbi Anglong and Golaghat districts, on the south by the Karbi Anglong and N.C. Hills districts and on the west by the district of Marigaon. It covers an area of 3831.00 sq.km. of which 3795.48 sq.km are rural and 35.52 sq.km. urban, with a population of 1893171 persons (1687449 rural and 205722 urban ). The density of population is 494 persons per sq.km. The District is divided into three sub-divisions, namely, Nagaon, Kaliabor and Hojai. The Nagaon sub-division consists of six revenue circles, namely, Dhing, Rupahi (Part), Samaguri(Part), Nagaon, Raha and Kampur and three towns e.g. Dhing, Nagaon and Raha. The KaJiabor sub-division consists of three revenue circles, namely, Kaliabor, Samaguri I:part) and Rupahi (part). The Hojai sub-division consists of two revenue circles, namely, Hojai and lanka and four towns, namely, Hojai, Lumding, Lumding Railway town and Lanka. Physiographically, the greater part of the district is an alluvial plain criss-crossed by numerous tivers and streams and dotted with enumerable bils and marshes. The Kalong, a distributory of the Brahmaputra meanders through the districts from east to west. The banks of the Kalang. are densely populated, but the area fringing the south bank of the Brahmaputra which is liable to deep floods is nothing but wide stretches' of waste lands usually covered with tall grasses like thatch and reeds etc. On the north- , east the Karbi-anglong hills imfringe upon the plain and on the south-east there is the fertile valley of the kopili. The whole district intact, may ~ termed as a tract of fertile levelland. The Brahmaputra flows along the northern boundary of the district and the whole drainages of the district ultimately find their ways into it. The important rivers are the Kopili. the Jamuna, the Barapani and the Kalang .. The Climate of the district is characterised by a highly humid atmosphere with plentiful summer rainfall mainly from June to September due to south-west monsoon. The cold season stretches from December to February. . . The geological formations belonging to Pre-Cambrian, Tertiary and Quarternary periods are noticed at various places. The areas at the north are mostly covered by recent alluviains formed by the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. The Pre-Cambraian rocks at the north-east are mainly consists of greisses and granites. The Tipam and surma group, Barial group and Janitia and Disang groups of rocks are found concentrated near Lumding. There are three types of soil in the district as classified by National Bureau of Soil Survey & Indian council of Agricultural Research ( Nagpur). They are Aqualfs - Aquepts (1),. Udalfs - Ochrepts (22) and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluvents (85). The soils are of alluvial' origin. It varies from pure sand near the Brahmaputra to clay away from it . The land best suited for· the growth of rice often locally called "Bherbheria" is deep and soft. Pul~es are usually grown in the alluvial flats. The low lying areas are mainly 213 used for Jute cultivation. Besides sugarcane and mustard are also grown as major crops while tobacco, patato, vegetables and fruits are grown as subsidiary crops. Rice is the staple food. Fishes found in bils, ponds and rivers are also part of local delicacy. The forest of the district can broadly be divided into two types; Tropical Evergreen Forests and Miscellaneous Forests. While the former is found in the fringe areas along the Karbi-Anglong hills the later type is seen scattered in the plain. Handloom weaving, Sericulture, bamboo and cane products etc. are the important cottage industries in the district while saw mills, Rice mills, flour mills, oil mills etc. represent small scale sector. The jute mill at Silghat is an important industry of the district. The transport and communication facilities are fairly improved. A metre guage railway line passes through the district at its southern part. Another two branch lines (metre guage) runs from Chaparmukh to Silghat and from Senchoa to Mairabari respectively. National highways no. 36 and 37 and a state highway with good number of subsidiary metal roads provide an improved network of surface communication. District Nagaon is a part of Central Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.2.) which is divided into four sub-micro regions on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.2.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plains: The region covers northern part of the districts occupying 357 villages and 1 town with a population of 565295 persons of which 553823 are rural and 11472 urban. Dhing is the only urban center located in the region. It is an alluvial plain. The Brahmaputra is the main river which flows along the entire northern boundary of the region. The area along the river are subjected to regular floods. Tall grasses and reeds are the only natural vegetations here. Riverine and swamptype forests are also occasionally found. GeologicaUy it is composed of recent alluvium formed by the Brahmaputra river. 2.7.2.2. Nagaon Region ;- The region covers middle part of the district covering 393 villages and one town with a popUlation of 466339 persons of which 372989 are rural and 93350 urban. Nagaon is the only town which is also the district headquarters. The region is bounded on the east by the Karbi Anglong Hills, covered with forests and the remaining three sides by plains. The greater part of the region is of alluvial origin. The Nonoi is the main river here. Pre-Cambrian rocks in the form of small hills are also found in the region. 2.7.2.3. Kopili - Jamuna Region: The region occupies the covers southern part of the district, occupying 587 villages and 3 towns with a population of 753849 persons of which 699078 are rural and 54771 urban. The three towns are namely, Raha, Kampur and Hojai. The region is a fertile alluvial plain. The Kalang, the Haria, the Batamari, the Dimoru are the main rivers of the region. It is a very much fertile tract suitable for rice cultivation. The low laying areas are covered with high grass interspersed with marshes. Alluvium and Pre-Cambrian rocks are found in the region. 2.7.2.4. Lumding Forested Region: The region covers south·-eastern comer of the district, occupying 82 villages and two towns with a population of 107688 persons of which 61559 are rural and 46129 urban. Lumding and Lumding Railway town are the two urban centers of the region. This region is surrounded by the Karbi Anglong Hills from the three sides (south, west & east) with an opening towards north and rich in forest resources. South-eastern part of the region is covered with dense forested spars. Geologically, alluvium, Jaintia and Disang, Tipam and Surma and Barail groups of rocks are found in the region. ------x ------ 214 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 31 AIIAII NAGAON DISTRICT ~CODIta D I I , " I C f ...... - IOIlIT,UI IIOUIIIAAY,IDTIIICT ...... _._._ .. Jl(VDIUE c..1:LE ...... : __ ._ ... " AfSlRV£ll ~7 '...... U WRH.w...... " . ....:_...... ,.' & VIIM.1iES IlAVING 5tOI AlII AlOVl ... POPU.A1tD11 WIl" ·.w. • . • • . .. • LlljIori • URIAN AatA .... " ...... ,,~~ ell ... IIATIOIIAI. IllittWAY...... NH U STAl[ IlliHWAY..... " ...... 1M z II: o ... OTII!I "':'TAlil ._ .; ...... _-..,...-_ c.., • AALWAY lItE WIlH STATION . .... +41 ~ III a c :::= . :~.~~~ . ~ . ~7.~.. c IlACIIO ...... , ... , ...... , I1fSO ...... • OIl o HICIIO ...... _, SLa·HICRO ...... ct •C 1•• 0011 ... _ • .,'...... _ \II1II,., ...... ,.,...... _ .... ,...... I. J lilt I •II: .. z.7 . Z·' IlRAltW'UTRA fLOOD PlAII .. 2" ' 1-2 NAGAOH_ NAGMII DIII'M:l 1·7-2·] KOPi!.J_ RE&tDII II· ' ·Z·4 LUHIJIIIj FORESTED UIiIOII .~.-WI.II • H ... L...--:.J [/ . ".-.. ...__..,; ~ ., ._. ., .•.• •.• ;1....- .f'11f~'-~fJ~Q.15,.._· . ,,·dlUU ill .. U·····t ...... (... i' . .)""}." 1'7-2·] c:., ./ ' I '\ " . i.r , '..,.. •.,. ·of .::,.,\ uUINlARY lIIS'~' ..,,,,, ." \ .. . - .. . . . _._._ ""\ ~ " SUI·HICAO Rt:6ION SI"'H . WITH [00( NO .....H. :U .. . - .),) All[A~TD NlWl.Y \ [R[A HD IWlIIiAoN DlSTlllCT •. []]]I[[ID • I ~ w..wS-WIlPJI II ~ IIWIS."'15 -1::::::1~IH''''U,'''-JI 1IIoI5IIItIllT.. I ...... , _III11111SS \ A...... CIrri ...... In .... notloool. or. A , ..1 01 K_ A...... CIrdo. 1.... 1 1 • ....-.u.' ....1 ...... , -. .. till .., ...... Il00 .. . " ~ ..... ot'No. 004 L-. AI",I_ coul' 00' III .-... t. lade .'lioIonatlooo. DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: NAGAON STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. -- 13 No. of No. of Towns in I Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) District Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region ":-C--- ._._-,------1991 T R U T R U 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i I I I 2.7.2.1 357 '1 Town Brahmaputra Dhing (T.C.) . . 4.00 565295 553823 11472 Flood Plain N A 2.7.2.2 393 1 Town Nagaon Region Nagaon (M.B.) . - 9.22 466339 372989 93350 G A 2.7.2.3 587 3 Towns 0 Kopili - Jamuna 1. Raha (C.T.) - - 10.37 753849 699078 54n1 Region 2. Hojai (M.B.) 3. Lanka (T.C.) N 2.72.4 82 2 Towns Lumding 1. Lumding (T.C) - . 11.93 107688 61559 46129 Forested Region 2. Lumding Rly. Colony ( C.T.) L 217 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: NAGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 13 SI. Division No I Revenue Circle -Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional (village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in R.C. Towns in Sq.Km Division I-=d= 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2.7.2.1 Brahmaputra Dhing All villages 103 All villages are in region no. Flood Plain 2.7.2.1 Rupahi (Part) All villages 63 All villages are in region no. Under Nagaon 2.7.2.1 sub-division Rupahi ( Part) All villages 43 All villages are in region no. Under Kaliabor 2.7.2.1 sub-division I Samaguri 1 to 5, 9 to 20, 25 to 28 21 357 N.A. 6 to 8, 21 to 24, 29 to 109 ( Part) under villages are in region no. 2.7.2.2 Nagaon sub- division 1 Samaguri 1,2 2 town 3 to 42 are in region no. (Part) under 2.7.2.2 Ka;iabor sub- division Kaliabor 1 to 59, 64 to 94, 158 to 125 60 to 63, 95 to 157, 178, 177,179,181,184, 180,182,183,186,190to 185,18710189,196to 195, 199 to 201, 207 to 225 198, 202 to 206 are in region no. 2.7.2.2 7 2 2 n·Nagaon. . Samaguri (Part) 6 to 8, 21 to 24, 29 to 88 1 to 5, 9 to 20, 25 to 28, are i Region under Nagaon 109 in region no. 2.7.2.1 sub-division . Samaguri (Part) 3 to 42 40 1 & 2 are in region no. under Kaliabor 393 2.7.2.1 sub-division villages Nagaon All villages 165 N.A. All villages are in region no. I 1 2.7.2.2 town I f--:--:--. I Kaliabor 60 to 63, 95 to 157, 100 1 to 59, 64 to 94, 158 to 177, I 178, 180, 182, 183, 179,181.184,185,187 to 186, 190 to 195, 199 to 189, 196 to 198, 202 to 206 ! 201, 207 to 225 are in region no. 2.7.2.1 I I I I I Gontd. 218 "-----_, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 2.7.2.3 Kopili- Raha All villages 1:28 All villages are in region no. Jamuna 27.2.3 Region Kampur All villages 143 587 N.A. All villages are in region no. villages 2.7.2.3 ~ai All villages {as-- 3 All villages are in region no. towns 1-:--. 27.2.3 Lanka 1 to 45, 48 to 54, 63 to f~ 46,47, 55 to 62, 105 to 109, 104, 110 to 115, 138 to 116 to 137, 169 to 213 are in 168 region no. 2.7.2.4 I I 4 12,7.2.4 Lanka 46, 47, 55 to 62, 105 to 82 82 NA 1 to 45, 48 to 54, 63 to 104, I Lumding 109,116 to 137,169 to villages 110 to 115,138 to 168 are in ! Forested 213 2 region no. 2.7.2.3 I Region towns I ,I I I i ! 219· STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NAGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·13 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Charaderistics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (RC.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Nagaon 2.7.2.1 Dhing, Alluvium Ochrepts The region covers lhe northern part of the district occupying Brahmaputra Rupahi, rocks Aquepls 357 villages. The villages falling under different revenue circles Flood Plain Kaliaborand Fluverts (85) are as follows: Dhing (entire 103), Rupahi (entire 106), Samaguri Samaguri. Part (23) and Kaliabor (125). The region is surrounded by the Brahmaputra river in the north, Golaghat district in the east, Nagaon region in the south and Marigaon district in the west. The total population of the region is 565295 of which 553823 are rural. A town, namely, Dhing is located here which occupies an area of 4.00 sq.kms. The urban density is 2868 persons per sq.km. One village namely, Lailuri is located here having above 5000 population. Physiographicaliy, the region is an alluvial plain criss-crossed with the Kalang, the Deopani and the Puthikhaiti rivers, A large number of depressions are located in the region. The plain bordering the south bank of Brahmaputra is a low lying area subjected to regular flood in the rainy season, which remains covered with grasses and reeds ( 3 metres to 6 metres high) for the greater part of the year. A part of Kaziranga National Park falls under this region. Besides, a large number of reserved forests, e.g. Laokhowa, Kukurakata Hill, Deosur and a part of Bagser R.F. is localed here. The Brahmaputra flows along the entire northern boundary of the region. Riverine forests mainly Simui and Casuarina are common along the bank of the Brahmaputra. Mixed jungles of evergreen and decideous types cover the reserved forests. Teaks are planted largely here through the government effort. Geologically, the region is covered with Alluvium rocks of older and new deposits alike. The soils belong to Ochrepts-Aquepts Fluvents (85) sub order. Rice is the staple food here. The transport and communication system is seen to be developed here. A metre-gauge railway connects the region with the main line at chaparmukh, further south- west. The Kalia Bhomora bridge over the Brahmaputra near Silghat connects the National Highway 37 with Tezpur across the river. Besides, two State Highways and a few other metalled and unmetalled roads criss-cross the region providing a better means of communication network. The region is industrially backward. No notable industry except a cooperative jute mill is located here. Cottage industries like handloom weaving are common with the womenfolk of the region. Human settlement is of course compact . 220 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NAGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·13 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name NumberS Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Nagaon 2.7.2.2 Samaguri, Alluviums, Udalfs The region lies in the central part of the district covering 393 Nagaon Nagaon and Shillong Ochrepts villages of which 128, 165 and 100 villages belong to Samaguri Region Kaliabor Formations, (22) (Part), Nagaon and Kaliabor (part) revenue circles respectively. Sillimanite, Ochrepts Gneiss, Khasi Aquepts The surroundings of the region are occupied by Brahmaputra green stone Fluvents Flood Plain region in the north, Karbi Anglong district in the east, (massive) and (85) Kopili-Jamuna region in the south and Marigaon district in the Fault west. The total population of the region is 466339 of which 372989 are rural and 93350 urban. The headquarters of the district Nagaon (M.B.) is located here with an area of 9.22 sq.kms. resulting a higher urban density of 10125 persons per sq. km., the highest among the divisions of the district. One village, namely, Rupahi town is located here having a population of above 5000 persons. Physiographically, it is a flat alluvial plain. The Kalang is the main river flowing through the region. Floods caused by the river often threatens the Nagaon town. The Nanai another important river flows parallel to the Kalong for a considerable distance before falling into the river Haria. Forests are found only in the eastern part, adjacent to Karbi Anglong district. The Suang, the Diju Valley and the Bagser a re the reserved forests located here covered by dense mixed type ( jungles. Geoloically, Alluvium rocks cover a large part in the region. The Shillong formation spreads over from north- east to south east of the region alongwith some patches of Khasi green stone (massive) along with Sillimanite and gneisses in long, narrow strips. The region is coveered with Udalfs-Ochrepts (22) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Ffuvents (85) types of soil. The economy of the region is mainly based on agriculture. Rice is the staple food here. Apart from paddy the alluvial tract il good for cultivation of potato, pineapple and other vegetables also. Tea plantations are found In the fringe belt alongside the hills. The transport and communication network is moderately developed in the region. The National Highway No.37, a State Highway and a few important roads and a metre gauge railway line pass through the region. Handloom weaving and sericulture are the most important cottage industries here. Some small seal . industries like saw mills, soap factories etc. are also located in and around the Nagaon Town. The region is thickly populated. 221 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NAGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·13 District Division Name of the Geology :,oil5 Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Nagaon ~.7.2.3 Raha, Alluvium Aqualfs The region covers the south-central part of the district ~:opili - Kampur, ricks, Aquepts (1) occupying 587 villages, which comprise 01 the entire villages 01 Jamuna Hojai and Granite, Uda!fs Raha (128), Kampur (143) and Hojai (185) revenue circles and Region Lanka Khasi green Ochr-apts 131 villages of Lanka revenue circle. stone (22), (massive), Ochrepts It faces Nagaon region in the north, Karbi Anglong district in Tyrssad and Aquepts the north-east and south-west, Lumding forested region in the Shillong Fluve,nts (85) south and Marigaon district in the west direction. Formation and Fault. The total population of the region is 753849 comprising the rural and urban population of 699078 and 54771 respectively. Three towns, namely, Hojai (M.S.), Lanka (T.C.) and Raha (C.T.) are located here covering an area of 10.37 sq.kms. together recording the urban density at 5282 persons per sq.km. Four villages, namely, Niz Barapujia, Gerijanpam, Dabaka revenue town and Golaghatia Basti are locasted here, having more than 5000 population in each. Physiographically, the region is an alluvial plain. The hills of Karbi Anglong district impinge upon the plain in the north-east of the region. The Kalang, the Kopili and the Jamuna area the important rivers flowing through the region. The other rivers are the Haria, the Sorpani, the Latumai, the Dimoru and the Dikiring Kringso. There are a large number ollowlying areas in this region covered with high grass interspersed with marshes providing rich fodder for the cattle all the year round. Mixed jungles are seen covering the reserved forests namely, Dabaka, Kholahat, Borpani, Latumari, Jamuna, Komorakata, Johai, Habipur, Jamuna and Madang located mostly at the fringe areas of the region. Geologically, most part of the region is covered with Alluvium rocks. Tyrssad and Shillong Formations are commonly seen here. Granites are found in the central part of the region while Khasi green stone (massive) covers the westem part of it. The Soils are grouped into Aqualfs·Aquepts (1), Udalfs-Ochrepts(22) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvenls (85) sub-orders. Agriculture is the main occupation 01 the villagers. Paddy is the main loodcrop and mustard and and jute are the main cash crops in the region. A co-operative sugar mill is located at Kampur. The transport and communication system is moderately developed here. A metre gauge railway, two National Highways (No.36 and 37) , a State Highway along with a number of some important metalled and unmetalled roads form the network of communication over the region. Handloom weaving and sericulture are the important cottage industries here. It is a very heavily densitised region. 222 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: NAGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code~ No " ·13 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.l 1-' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A.SSAM Nagaon 2.7.2.4 Lanka Alluvium Udall:)· The region covers southern part of the district occupyng 82 _umding rocks, Jaintia Ochrepts (22) villages of Lanka revenue circle. Forested & Disang Ochrepts 8egion group, Aquepls· It is surrounded by Kopili Jamuna region in the north, Karbi Barail, Fluvenls(85) Anglong district in the east and south and parts of Karbi Anglong Tipam and and North Cachar Hills districts in the south·west. Surma group 01 rocks and The total population of the region is 107688 of which 61559 Fault belong to rural and 46129 10 urban. Two towns, namely, Lumding (T.C.) and Lumding Rly. Colony (C.T.) occupying 11.93 sq.kms. il between are located in Ihis region. The urban density is 3867 pesons per sq.km. Physiographically, major part of the region is under forests composed of semi-evergreen and deciduous types. The Kaki anc the Lumding are the two big reserved forests located here. The Bara Langper river and the Lanka Jan originates from the hills of Karbi Anglong flow through the region. Geologically, the region is composed 01 Alluviums, Jaintia and Disang group, Barail group (Oligocene and Eocene) and Tipam and Surma group of rocks (Miocene). Younger rocks belonging te Tertiary age are seen near Lumding only. Barail group of rocks were more disturbed and outcrops are noticed in narrow strips as small inliers due to strike faults. A large area near Lumding is occupied by the transgressive Surma group of rocks which are very shallow but at variable angles. Two types of soils Le. Udalfs-Ochrepts (22) and Ochrepts Aquepts-Fluvenls (85) are fiound in the region. The transport and communication system is poor in the region. A metre gauge railway line links the region with other parts of the state. No National Highway or important road passes through it. Industrially also the region is a backward one. Human settlement is scattered over the region. 223 DISTRICT MARIGAON ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Marigaon district is situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra river. The district lies between 26° 03' 00" and 26° 30' 45" North latitudes and 91° 58' 00" and 92° 35' 00" East longitudes. On the north it is bounded by the river Brahmaputra, on the east by the Nagaon district, on the south by the Karbi Anglong district and the state of Meghalaya and on the west by the Darrang and Kamrup districts. It covers an area of 1704.00 sq.km. of which 1686.08 sq.km. are rural and 17.92 sq. km. urban with a population of 639682 persons (606693 rural, 32989 Urban ). The density of population of the district is 375 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into five revenue circles, namely, Mayong, Bhuragaon, Laharighat, Mikirbheta and Marigaon. There are three towns in the district, namely, Jagiroad, Jagiroad paper Mill and Marigaon. Marigaon is the district headquarters. Physiographic ally the greater part of the district is a fertile alluvial plain criss-crossed by numerous rivers and streams and dotted. over with bils and marshes. The area fringing the south bank of the Brahmaputra which is liable to deep floods is northing but wide stretches of waste lands usually covered with tall grasses. On the west the outlying spurs of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills project into the plain and on the east the low ridges of the Karbi hills often cut across the boundary of the two districts. The Brahmaputra flows along the entire northern boundary of the district and the whole drainages of the district ultimately finds their ways in to it. Other important rivers in the district are the Kalang , the Kapili, the Sonai and the Pakaria. Bils and marshes are scattered throughout the district. The climate of the district is same with that of the Nagaon district from which it has been carved- out. The geological formations of the district as seen from the out-cropping rocks are confined mainly to three geological periods, namely, Pre-cambrian, Tertiary and Quarternary ages. The areas at the north are mostly covered by recent alluviums formed by the depoSition of the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. The Pre-Cambrian rocks are exposed in the hilly areas to the west and south-west and are mainly consist of gneisses and granites. . . There are two types of soil in the district as classified by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Indian Council of Agricultural Research ( Nagpur) . They are Aqualfs - Aquepts (1) and Ochrepts - Aquepts Fluvents (85). The general characteristics of the soil of the district is of alluvial origin. It varies from pure sand near the Brahmaputra to clay away from it, so sticky as to render it utterly unfit for cultivation. The land best suited for the growth of rice locally called "Bherbheria" is deep and soft. This type of soil is found in the lowest part of the rice basin. Paddy, jute, sugarcane, mustard and pulses are the major crops and tobacco, potato, vegetables and fruits are subsidiary crops of the district. A few tea plantations are also located here. The forests of the district can broadly be divided into two types - (i) Tropical Evergreen forest and (ii) Miscellaneous forests. No major minerals of economic importance has so far been discovered in the district except granite used as building material in roads and railways. 225 Handloom weaving, sericulture, bamboo and cane products etc. are the important cottage industries. The Nagaon Paper Mill of Hindustan Paper Corporation at Jagiroad is the only large scale industries located in the district. The transport and communication facilities are fairly developed here. A broad gauge railway line passes through the district parallel to the National Highway No. 37. Besides, a State Highway and few metalled roads also criss-cross the district providing gOod inter and intra-district network. District Marigaon is a part of the Central Brahmaputra valley (2.7.2.) which is divided into two sub micro regions on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.2.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain :- The region covers northern part of the district occupying 481 vilages and one town i.e. Marigaon, with.a, .. population of 541414 persons of which 525827 are rural and 15587 urban. The region is an alluvial plain. The Brahmaputra is the main river which flows along the entire northern boundary of the region. The areas along the south bank are low lying which are deeply flooded in the rains. The region is covered with grasses and reeds. Riverine and swamp type of forests are found in the region. The geological formations are mosHy made-up of recent alluviums. The region is entirely covered by alluvial soil. ' 2.7.2.2. Kopili - Jamuna Region :- The region covers the southern part of the district occupying 112 villages and two towns, with a t.otal population of 98268 persons of which 80866 are rural and 17402 urban. The two towns are, namely, Jagiroad and Jagiroad paper Mill. The region is an alluvial ptainsurrounded by the Khas; and Jaintia Hills. The Kapili and tile Hasia are the main rivers of the region. The region! is very much fertile and suitable for ri~ cultivation. The low-lying areas are covered with high grasses interspersed with marshes. Alluvium and pre-Cambrian roCks are found in the region. ------x ------ 226 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 32 ASSAM MA'AJGAON DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 12 REGIONAL DlVIIIOHI o .. • N t ... U ...II: ~ z o ..: " ..OLOGY ..... 1 ( ... _. y . .I Nl. 1. 00 Ao.UAlFs-"o.UEPTS . ~.y y' y l..._...... iy Y , Y ".1 <.~ " y y Y .....1 15 I:·: ·:1 OCHREPT5-AQUEPTS- .,.' ...... y . ., ., vI flUVENH ''-~..... ~ ': :~. :" IIOUNIlARY. STATE ....___ .____ .. __ ••__ • __ .... _. ••• ___ •• _ _,"'_-J'''' .. DISTRICT _.. ._ ...... _____ ~-.... _._ ...... _. _. _._ .' CiJ AlLUIIlJf1 REVENUE ORCLE ••._ ...... ______• _. _._ E!J IiRANITE . RESERVED ~ORESl WITH NAtoE __ ; . iioaUiv.i'..r: ": o KliASI GREENSTONE '41.U!i[ HAVING 5004 , "eaVE PoPUlA TION .••. " ...... MARIGAON DllTRICT (I1ASSIVEJ ~ Illlaragaon Taw. WlnI HAt![ ----- ...... ---.-- - -___ .___ • U118AM AREA _ ..... __... ___ .... _ .... _•• _ ~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY _ _ .. ___._ ...... _ ...... __ ...... n STATE HlGHWAJ ___._ .. _ .. _. __ •__ ,_. !II .TIQ J4I!ORTAHT ROAO .. IlIt- - --....- ...... -. - __-= _ _ RAILWAY I.JN[ WITH STATION. HETRE GAUGE ..... j j j I j~'.I' .. RIV£R AMO STREAH .. _ -.-_ •• - _ ._--.. _ - _.... ~ WA nit ftA T\JIIfS -.. - ...... - --..• ---.- .. - ~ UGIONAL IIvlSlaN ...... ·.... •...... ·.. •.... ·.. · ~ ...... ·• ...... l ;- t l ~~------I1ESO :"" ____ .. _.. ..--- _ .. _...... -.. - __.. --- ...... _~;:::::~ .. HlCRO .... _ .. ___ ...... __ .. __ .. __ .. _...... __ SUI-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY _____ .... _ ...... _ ...... ___ (Aead the "eqvlnCt of rlgioniil divisions with rlhr.nnci to til, aU In~ Itap (od.s up to ] tier 1 SUB-lIleRa R£ ClIOH ...... SIJB·HIOtO REGICPI coot: 1911.. 1Z.1.t1l .. " ~ 1991.. 7.2. R.C. • REVENUE CIRCLE AIlU GAINED fROH MAGAON Z. 1 2.1.1.1-!RAHI1APUTRA FLooO PLAIN DISTRICT TO FORH NEWLY 1 .1 . U~04'tU.JAI1U~ REGION R.f• • R£SERVED FOREST CRE. TEO HARKiAON DISTRICT ... . DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: MARIGAON STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO.·_ 12 • I No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) Di strict I Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991 ) I in each' I I RegIOn ! 1991 T R U T R U I 7 10 I t 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 9 ! i - I I i I M I 2.7.2.1 481 1 Town Brahmaputra Marigaon (T.C.) - - 4.00 541414 525827 15587 A Flood Plain , I i R : I I I G I ! I I i A o 2.7.2.2 112 2 Towns i Kopili - Jamuna 1. Jagiroad (C.T.) -- 13.92 98268 80866 17402 N Region 2. Jagiroad Paper Mill (C.l) 229 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: MARIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 12 SL I Division No I Revenue Circle location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks No Name Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per I I 1991 'Iillages and Division in 1991) I ! inR.C. Towns in Sq. Km Division ---;-- r-' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2.7.2.1 Brahmaputra Bhuragaon All villages H4 All villages are in region no. Flood Plain 2.7.2.1 Laharighat All villages 93 An villages are in region no. f 2.7.2.1 ~kirbheta All villages 65 481 All villages are in region no. villages 2.7.2.1 Mayang 1 to 137 '137 N.A. 138 to 178 are in region no. 1 2.7.2.2 I Marigaon 1 to 76, 78, 79,81 to 92 town 77, 80, 86 to 88, 91 to 93, 98 J 85, 89, 90, 94 to 97, to 110, 112, 115 to 163 are 111,113,114 in region no. 2.7.2.2 2 2.7.2.2 Mayang 138 to 178 41 112 1 to 137 are in region no. Kopili villages 2.7.2.1 Jamuna 2 , Region towns Marigaon 77, 80, 86 to 88, 91 to 71 1 to 76, 78, 79, 81 to 85, 89, 93,98 to 110,112,115 90,941097,111,113,114 to 163 are in region no. 2.7.2.1 I ! I I lI 230 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CUL rURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: MARIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census location Code No ..·12 State District Name Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteris~cs Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM 2.7.2.1 Bhuragaon, Alluvium Ochrepts - The region covers a major part of the district on its north Brahmaputra Laharighat, rocks, Aquepts occupying 481 villages. The entire villages of Bhuragaon (94), Flood Plain Mikirbheta, Khasi Fluvents (85) Laharighat (93) and Mikirbheta (65) R.es lall under this region. Mayang and green Apart from these, it includes 137 and 92 villages of Mayang and Marigaon stone Marigaon revenue circles respectively. (massive) The surroundings of the region is occupied by Darrang and Sonitpur districts in the north, Nagaon district in the east. the Kopili Jamuna region in the south and Kamrup district in the west A town, namely, Marigaon (T.C.) is located in the region occupying an area of 4.00 sq.kms, The total population of the region is 541414 of which 525827 belong to rural sector and 15587 to urban. The urban density is calculated at 3897 pesons per sq.km. Two villages, namely, Bhuragaon Town and Moirabari Town are located here which have above 5000 population. Physiographically,the region is an alluvial plain excluding a hillock, called the Bura Mayang parbat. The highest point here is 342 metres above m,s.l. The Brahmaputra river is flowing east west directiion along the northern boundary of the region. Besides the Kalang river flows in the north-west direction along the boundary towards the Brahmaputra at the north. The other rivers are the Sonai, the Mora Sonai and the Pakaria. These rivers carry the whole run-off of the region and ultimately discharge themselves to the Brahmaputra. Wet lands in the form of swamps, marshes, ponds, lakes and oxbow lakes spread over the region. The areas adjacent to the Brahmaputra is regularly inundated by flood during the rainy season. The Pabilora A.F. is located near the western comer of the region. Mixed jungle and agricultural plantations like Bamboo, 8etllenut etc.grow in patches over the entire region. Grass and reeds are common in the river banks. As regards geology, the region is covered with recent alluviums, excluding a small part consisting 01 Khasi green stone (massive). Soils of the region belong to Ochrepts-Aquepts Fluvenls (85) sub-order. The soils are sandy and fertile which lead to good production of vegetables and other rabi crops during the winter season to fulfil the demands of its inhabitants. Fishing is also an important means of substantial occupation of certain communities, The transport and communication lacilities are moderately developed here, Two State Highways and a few other important metalled roads criss-cross here. A few small scale industries based on wood and agro-products like paddy, mastered etc. are located in the region. ~31 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: MARIGAON STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No " ·12 District Division Name of the Geology S:>ils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Marigaon ;U.2.2 Mayang and Granite Aqualls The region covers the southe m part of the district occupying Kopili - Marigaon rocks. Khasi Aquepts (1) 112 villages compriSing of 41and 71 villages belonging to Jamuna green slone Ochrepts Mayang and Marigaon revenue circles respectively. Region (massive) Aquepts Fluvents (85) The region faces Brahmaputra Flood Plain region in the north, Nagaon district in the east, parts of Meghalaya and Karb; Anglong district in the south and Kamrup district in the west. The total population here is 98268 persons of which 80866 are rural and 17402 urban. Two census towns namely, Jagiroad and Jagiroad Paper mill are located here. Both the towns together spread over 13.92 sq.kms of area resulting an urban density of 17402 persons per sq.km. Physlographically, the entire topography composed of undulating hills. Two reserved forests, namely, Sonaikuchi and Kholahat cover the southern part of the region. Deciduous and Semi-evergreen forests cover these reserved torests, but unscientific deforestation and growth of industries nearby cause gradual degradation of these forests. The Kalang is the principal river flowing through the region. It also collects the discharge of the Killing and the Haria rivers that pass through these areas. From the geological point of view, the region is composed of Granite and Khasi-green stone (massive) group of rocks. Soil composition is of Aqualfs-Aquepts (1) and Ochrepts-Aquepts Fluvents (85) sub-order associations. Rice is the staple food in the region. The transport and communication system is comparatively developed here. A metre gauge railway, a National Highway (No.37), two State Highways and a lew other roads pass through the region benefiting the inhabitants not only in communication but also enhancing the socio-economic standard of the region A paper mill of Hindustan Paper Corporation is located at Jagiroad. This is the only industry of its kind running in the state presently. Besides, some small industries like saw-mills, automobile workshops etc. are also located here. 232 DISTRICT LAKHIMPUR ( REGIONAl DIVISIONS ) Lakhimpur District is located in between 26° 47'30" and 27° 32' 30" North latitudes and 93°42' 00" and 94° 35' 30" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Arunachal Pradesh, on the east by the Dhemaji and Dibrugarh districts, on the south by the Jorhat district and on the west by the Sonitpur district and part of Arunachal Pradesh. The district covers on area of 2277.00 sq.kms. of which 2261.26 sq.km. are rural and 15.74 sq.km. urban. It has a population 9f 751517 persons (702887 are rural and 49130 urban). The density of population of the district is 330 per sq.km. The district is divided into two sub-divisions. Of the two, the North Lakhimpur sub- Physiographically, the greater part of the district is an alluvial plain, formed by the Subansiri and the Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. The northern part of the district is a plain one located at the foot hills of the Arunachal Pradesh Himalayas. Climate of the district is characterised by the absence of a dry hot summer season, the highest temparature being experienced during the south-west monsoon along with abundant rains maintaining a highly humid atrriosphere throughout the year. The climate of the district is more endurable than that in most of the plain districts of Assam. Geologically, it is an alluvial plain including a long strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks ( Miocene excluding Pontian age ) along the northern part of the district. Soils of the district as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.CAR. belong to - Udalfs - Orthents (23) , Udalfs - Ochrepts - Aquents (25), Fluvents - Aquepts (47) and Aqualfs - Fluvents (65) sub-order . Reeds, grasses and bamboos are abundantly found in the district especially on the banks of the rivers. A strip of reserved forest is situated in the northern part. '.-- ~ Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. Rice is the staple food here. Fishes, a common dish are usually found in the bils, ponds and rivers. Industrially the district is a backwarad one. A metre gauge railway line and a few metalled roads connect the district with other parts of the state. Lakhimpur district is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra valley ( 2.7.3.) which is divided into three sub-micro regions as follows, on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.3.1. Foot Hills Plain: It covers northern part of the district, occupying 159 villages. The region is entirely rural having an area of 301 sq.kms. and a population of 101568 persons. It belongs to the foothills ot eastern Himalayas. The Subansiri, the Ghunasuti, the Ranga, the Mor, and the Koran are the important rivers of the region. The topography is usually covered with bamboos and grasses. Geologically, it rests mainly on the Tipam and Surma group of rocks. The region is very poor in transport and communication where only one state highway provides the necessary link to the people of the region. 233 2.7.3.2. Subansiri Plain: The region occupies 1000 villages and two towns, with a total population of 643044 persons of which 593914 are rural and 49130 urban. The region is covering an area of 1728 SQ. kms. There are two towns in the region namely, Bihpuria and North Lakhimpur. The region is an alluvial plain which is formed by the Subansiri and some other minor rivers. There are several bils and marshes in lower part of the region. The area is usually covered with wild grasses and reeds. 2.7.3.3. Bramaputra Flood Plain:- The region covers an area of 40 sq.kms. in the eastern and south eastern part of the district occupying only 18 villages with a total population of 6905 persons. It is an . entirely rural region. This flood plain is formed mainly by the deposition of the Brahmaputra river. Mixed deciduous type of forests are found along the banks of the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. Its geology and soil are of alluvial origin. ------X------ 234 tll I I I. I I I I I I I I I 1>-1.a: ... I I Ii· I I l :if I~ 1/1 .,.!! "'0 c: ::0o .a ...... I.... c: .c '"I.... ::0 "D c: IV ~.., . .. : Iii we o .. ~ :;, 0 ~ <: > .. I I t III ... _Nf\"I ~ .. rrirwi"i r-:r-:r: NNN ...'"z !i'" ... ;:,> ~ ~ dc ... '"..... III...... J "''''zp_ c ~ ::0 d oC d -Y ~~ "" I I ... J' ...... '"z...... '"...... ; "'''' ~ ~':i! !':i d () ~g ~ "" /J.. b t:Y ~ [;] I I! ... - >.: 0' 04 ~ ~ ~~ ~ !! wi e os: .. ) /J.. I a: .815 04 -Y :;) .,.J .) 0. ::) ~ 0 ::E ., 0 /J.. ~ - ~u .. + 0 ~ /) ~ ~ t:Y j . . J;. ~ I '10 ;\ "-.. W 0 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: LAKHIMPUR STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 10 ------, I i No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. KIn in Region Population in Region (1991) I Distri'ct 1 Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) r in i each I Region I, 1991 T R.. U T R U 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~i / I 2.7.3.1 159 - - . . 101568 101568 - L Foot Hills Plain A K H 2.7.3.2 1000 2 Towns Subansiri 1. Bihpuria (T.e.) . - 15.74 643044 593914 49130 Plain 2. North Lakhimpur I (M.B.) M p - u 2.7.3.3 18 --- 6905 6905 - Brahmaputra R Flood Plain 237 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: LAKHIMPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 10 isllDlvision No I Revenue Circle location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remari 238 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: lAKHIMPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No;10 State District Division Name of Physiographically, the region belongs to the base of foot hills plain of the Eastern Himalayas. The Subansiri river an important right bank tributory of the Brahmaputra determines the eastern boundary of the region. Other important drainages like the Ranga and the Ghagar cut across the region towards south. The reserved forests located here are namely, the Ranga. the Kakoi and the Duloog. A part of Subansirl reserved forest also falls in this region. Geologically, the entire part of the region is covered by Tlpam & Surma group of rocks (Miocene excluding Pontian ) excluding a small portion of recent alluvium. Soils are composed of Udalfs-Orthenls (23). Udalfs-Ochrepts-Aquents (25) and Aquepts-Aqualfs-Fluvents (65) sub-orders. The transport and communication is not adequate. A metre gauge railway line and an alongated State Highway pass through two narrow parts of the region. Industrially this region is a backward one as no industry worth the name is located here. Agriculture is the main occupation 01 the villagers, except a few who are engaged in some small business. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. Human settlements are moderately distributed. 239 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: LAKHIMPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·10 State I District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics j Name Number & Administrative __J Name Division (R.C.) 1 I 2 3 4 5 I) 7 ASSAM Lakhimpur 2.7.3.2 Narayanpur, Alluvium Udalfs The region covers the central part of the district. It occupying Subansiri Bihpuria, rocks. Orthents as many as 1000 villages falling in seven different R.es. The Plain Naobaicha, Tipam & (23) Udalfs - distribution of the villages in these revenue circles are as follows: Nort~ - Surma Ochrepts Narayanpur 172, Bihpuria 148, Naobaicha 94, North Lakhimpur Lakhimpur, group Aquents (25) 186, Kadam 123, Subansiri(Pt.) 84 and Dhakuakhana (Pt) 193. Kadam, (Miocene Fluverts - Subansiri (PI) excluding Aquepls (47) The region is bounded by Foot Hills Plain region in the north and Pontian) west, Dhemaji district in the east, parts of Jorhat and Dibrugarh Dhakuakhana districts in the south-east and Sonitpur district in the west. (PI) The population of the region is 643044 of which 593914 and 49130 belong to rural and urban sectors respectivly. Two towns, namely, North Lakhimpur (M.B.) and Bihpuria (T.C.) are located in this region. Both the towns together cover an area of 15.74 sq.kms. The urban density is 3121 persons per sq.km. Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain, formed by the fluvial action of the Subansin river and its tributaries. Several depressions in the form of blls, swamps and marshes are found here. Apart from the river Subansiri and its tributaries, the Ranga and the Ghagar rivers too, flow in the region, to merge with the 'Luhit Suti', a branch of the Brahmaputra river across the Majuli island. The reserved forests, namely, Kadam and Pasha are dominated by mixed forest cover. Geologically, the major part ot the region is formed of recent alluviums. Tipam and Surma group (Miocene excluding Pontian ) of rocks are seen along the northern boundary. Soils here conSist of Udalfs-Orthents(23), Udalfs-Ochrepts-Aquents(25) and Fluvents- Aquepts (47) sub-orders. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. The transport and communication system is moderately developed. A metre gauge railway line, a State Highway and a good number of important metalled roads pass through the region. Industrially it is poorly developed. No major industries except a few rice mills and saw mills are available here. Cottage industries like handloom weaving, cane & bamboo works etc. are commonly observed in the rural areas. Human habitation is compact. 240 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: LAKHIMPUR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·1 0 District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.e.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Lakhimpur 2.7.3.3 Ohakuakhana Alluvium Udalfs The region covers a small part at the eastem comer of tne Brahmaputra (Part) rocks Ochrepts district covering only 18 villages that belong to Dhakuakhana Flood Plain AqlJents (Part) revenue circle. (251 and Flu'/ents It is bounded by the Subansiri Plain region in the north-west, AqlJepts parts 01 Jorhat and Oibrugarh districts In the south-east and (471 Jorhat district (entirely) in the south. The region is entirely rural with a population of 6905 persons only. Physiographically, the region is an alluvial flood plain gifted by the Brahmaputra, which is the principal drainage of the. region covering a wide area along the southem part. The Oangdhara river passes through and meets the Brahmaputra here. Stretches of marshy and grass land are conspicuous along the bank of the Brahmaputra. The major geological formation of the region consist of sand and clays. Soils of the region belong to Udalfs-Ochrepts· Aquents(25) and Fluvents-Aquepts (47) sub-orders. Rice is the staple food in the region. The region is very poor in respect of transport and comunication facil~ies where metalled roads only serv~ the dwellers of their needs. No industry is located here mainly due to backward geographical location. Agricutture is the only means of subsistance economy here. 241 DISTRICT DHEMAJI ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Dhemaji district is situated on the north-east comer of the state of Assam. The district lies between 27° 16' 00" and 27° 53' 00" North latitudes and 94° 13' 00" and 95° 31' 00" East longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the state of Arunachal Pradesh, on the south by the districts of Tinsukia and Dibrugarh and on the west by the Lakhimpur district. It covers an area of 3237.00 sq.km. of which 3233.50 sq.kms. are rural and 3.50 sq. km. urban, with a total population of 478830 persons ( 469939 rural and 8891 urban ). The density of population of the district is 148 per sq.km. The district is divided into two sub divisions of which Dhemaji sub-division consists of four revenue circles, namely, Dhemaji, Sissibargaon, Subansiri (pt) , Dhakuakhana (pt) and only one town, Le. Dhemaji. Jonai sub-division contains only one revenue circle of the same name. Physiographically, the greater part of the district is an alluvial plain which is formed by tlle combined activities of the Subansiri and the Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. The northern part of the district is known as foothills plain. The Brahmaputra is the main river which formes the southern boundary of the district for a considerable distance with Tinsukia and Dibrugarah districts across. The climate of the district is characterised by the absence of a dry hot summer season. The highest temperature being experienced during the south-west monsoon along with abundant rains and a highly humid atmosphere throughout the year. The climate of the district is endurable like most of the plain districts of Assam. The geological formation of the district is of alluvial origin excluding a long strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks (Miocene excluding Pontian age ) in northern part of the district alongwith foothills plain of the Himalayas. Soils of the district as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.C.A.R. are as follows. Udalfs - Orthents (23), Udalfs - Ochrepts - Aquents (25), Fluvents - Aquepts (47), and Aquepts - Aqualfs - Fluvents (65). Reeds, grasses and bamboos are found in the district especially along tile banks of the rivers. A strip of reserved forests is situated in northern part. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. Rice is the staple food. The district is poor in industries. A metre gauge railway line and some metalled roads pass through the district providing the main communication network. The district Dhemaji is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.3.) which is divided in to three sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography. climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.3.1. Foot Hills Plain :- The region covers north-western part of the district occupying 345 villages. This region is entirely rural. It has a population of 149407 persons. It belongs to the foothills plain of the Eastern Himalayas. The Subansiri, the Kumtia, the Siloni and the Dimo are the important rivers which flow through the region. Natural vegetations like bamboos and grasses usually cover the region. Its geology mainly belongs to Tipam and Surma group of rocks. 243 2.7.3.2. Subansiri Plain :- The region occupies 314 villages and one town of Dhemaji. It has 136684 population of which 127793 are rural and 8891 urban. It is an alluvial plain formed by the deposition of the Subansiri and its tributaries. A large number Qjbils and marshes are scattered over the lower part of the region. Tall grasses and reeds are the common natural vegetations here. Its geology and soil are of alluvial origin. 2.7.3.3. Brahmaputra Flood Plain :- This region is extending over the eastern and south-eastern part of the district, having 546 villages, which is entirely rural with 192739 population. The region is flood prone and is davastated regularly in terms of both lives and materials. Mixed deciduous type of forests are found in the grassy banks along the river. Its geology and soil are of alluvial origin. ------X ------ 244 .:. j ::: «o Z oL.I.. iL______---- DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: DHEMAJI STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 11 No. of No. ofTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) r- Disbiet Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) I in each I Region 1991 T R U T R U 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f---- 3 I 2.73.1 345 - - - - 149407 149407 - Foot Hills 0 Plain i I H E 2.73.2 314 1 Town M Subansiri Dhemaji (T.C.) - - 3.50 136684 127793 8891 Plam A J I I I I I I I I ! I I I 2.73.3 546 - - - - 192739 192739 - Brahmaputra Flood Plain I l 247 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 )ISTRICT: DHEMAJI STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 11 T Divisio n No/ Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of ! Remarks No Nam e Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional (village Code No as per 1991 villages and Division in I 1991) in R.C. Towns in Sq. Km ; Division :--r- 2 --- -- i-- 3 4 5 6 7 8 ; 1 27.3.1 -- I Foot Hills Subansiri (Part) 1 to 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 24 92 6.9,10,11, 14 to 23,30,69 Plain to 29, 31 to 68, 72, 78 to 71, 73 to 77, 86, 87, 89 to to 85,88, 159 to 187 158 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 Dhemaji 1 to 43, 48, 49, 158 to 93 44 to 47,50 to 157, 202 to 201, 214 to 217 213,223 to 227,230 to 234, 236,238 to 259 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 218 to 222, 228, 229, 235, 237 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 345 NA villages 169 to 171, 184 to 192, 200 Sissibargaon 1 to 86, 88, 90 to 95, 98 160 to 204, 208 are in region no to 100, 104,210 to 217, 2].3.2 219 to 226,244 to 249, 87, 89.96, 97, 101,10103. 253, 254. 258 to 276, 105 to 168,172 to 183, 193 280, 305, 309, 315, to 199, 205 to 207, 209. 218, 319, 32210 331, 356, 22710243.25010252,255 372 to 375 to 257, 277 to 279, 281 to 304. 306 to 308. 310 to 314, 31610318, 320, 321, 332 to 355, 357 to 371, 376 to 380 are in region no 2.7.3.3 I : I L~ __ Contd. 248 :-1 -- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.7,3.2 If2 I Subansiri Subansiri 6,9,10,11,14 to 23, 95 1 to 5,7,8, 12, 13,24 to 29, r Plain 30, 69 to 71, 73 to 77, 31 to 68, 72, 78 to 85, 88, ! 86,87, 89 to 158 159 to 187 are in region no. 2.7,3.1 Dhemaji 44 to 47, 50 to 157, 202 157 314 1 to 43, 48, 49, 158 to 201, to 213, 223 to 227,230 villages 214 to 217 are in region no. to 234, 236, 238 to 259 2.7,3.1 1 218 to 222, 228 to 229, 235, town 237 are in region no. 2,7.3.3 Dhakuakhana 1 to 31,34 to 36,38 to 44 32, 33, 37, 48 to 51 are in (Part) 47 region no. 2.7.3.3 Sissibargaon 169t0171,184t0192, 18 1 to 86, 88, 90 to 95, 98 to 200 to 204, 208 100, 104, 210 to 217, 219 to NA 226, 244 to 249, 253, 254, 258 to 276,280, 305, 309, 315,319, 322 to 331,356, 372 to 375 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 87, 89, 96, 97, 101 to 103, 105 to 168, 172 to 183, 193 to 199, 205 to 207, 209, 218, t 227 to 243, 250 to 252, 255 I, to 257,277 to 279,281 to I I 304, 306 to. 308, 310 to 314, I 316 to 318, 320, 321, 332 to r I 355, 357 to 371, 376 to 380 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 3 2.7.3.3 Brahmaputra Sissibargaon 87,89,96,97,101 to 202 1 to 86, 88 , 90 to 95, 98 to Flood Plain 103, 105 to 168, 172 to 100, 104, 210 to 217, 219 to 183, 193 to 199,205 to 226, 244 to 249, 253, 254, 207,209,218,22710 258 to 276, 280, 305, 309, 243, 250 to 252, 255 to 315,319,322 to 331,356, 257, 277 to 279, 281 to 372 to 375 are in region no. 304, 306 to 308,310 to 2.7.3.1 314,316 to 318,320, 169 to 171, 184 to 192, 200 321, 332 to 355, 357 to to 204, 208 are in region no. 371,376 to 380 546 N.A 2.7.3.2 Dhemaji 218 to 222,228,229. 9 villages 1 to 43,48,49, 158 to 201, 235, 237 214 to 217 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 44 to 47, 50 to 157, 202 to 213, 223 to 227, 230 to 234, 236, 238 to 259 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 Dhakuakhana 32,33, 37.48 to 51 7 1 to 31,34 to 36,38 to 47 (Part) are in region no. 2.7.3.2 Jonai All villages 328 All villages are in region no, 2.7.3.3 I i I I I 1 249 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DHEMAJI STATE: ASSAM Census Location CoJ::::e::...:N:..::o:.::.::..:..11~ ______District Division Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics i(;tateI Name 01 the Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R,C.) ~-.- L.__ 1_ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Dhemaji 2.7.3.1 Subansin Alluviums, Ucalfs The region covers the north·western part of the district Foot Hills (Part), Tipam& Ochrepts occupying 345 villages of which 92, 93 and 160 villages belong to Plain Dhemaji and Surma Ac uents . Subsnsiri (Part), DhemaJi and Sissibargaon revenue circles Sissibargaon group (20) respectively. (Miocene Fillvents - excluding Aquepts It is surrounded by Arunachal Pradesh in the north, Pontian) (4" 7) Brahmaputra Flood Plain regior in the east, parts of Brahmaputra Ar"uepls Flood Plain and Subansiri Plain regions in the south and parts of Aq Jalfs Asrunachal Pradesh and Lakhimpur district in the west. Fit ,vents (65) The region is entirely rural with a population of 149407 persons, There is only one village namely Silapathar Nagar having a population 01 above 5000, Physiographically, the region belongs to the base of foothills plain of Eastem Himalayas. It has a maximum height of 956 metres above the mean sea level located at Subansiri reserved forest. The Subansiri river flows along the western boundary of the region. Some other small rivers, namely, the Silani, the Kumtia, the Jia Dhal, the Mara Dhal and the Dimo pass through it. Evergreen and Semi-evergreen types of forests are seen in the Subansiri R.F. while mixed forests are found in Jiadhal and Archia Dimow R.Fs. Geologically the Tipam and Surma group (Miocene excluding Pontian ) covers the northern part of the region leaving a small part of it under alluviums of the recent time. Soils are composed of Udalfs-Ochrepts-Aquents(25), Fluvents-Aquepts (47) and Aquepts-Aqualfs-Fluvents(65) sub·order associations, In respect of transport and communication, the region is partially developed. A metre gauge railway and few other important roads pass through the eastem part of the region. Industrially it is an underdeveloped one. Small units like automobile workshops, pottery making etc. are available here, Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. 250 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DHEMAJI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No -.·11 District Division Name of the Geology SoUs Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative rr-J Name Division (R.C.) b: 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Ohemaji 2.7.3.2 Subansiri Alluvium Udalfs The region covers the south-western part of the district It $ubansiri (Part), rocks Ochrepts occupies 314 villages of four different revenue circles as follows: Plain Dhemaji, Aquents (25) Subansiri (Part) (95), Dhemaji (157), Dhakuakhana-(Part) (44) Dhakuakhan and Sissibargaon (lS). a (Part) and Sissibargaon The boundaries are comprised of the Fool Hills Plain region in the north, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain region in the east. Lakhimpur district in the west and south of the region. The total population of the region is 136684 out of which 127793 persons belong to rural and 8891 urban. Ohemaji (T.e.) is the only town located here. It occupies an area of 3.50 sq.kms. The urban density is 2540 persons per sq.km. Physiographically, the region is a flat alluvial plain of the Subansiri river. The river flows towards south along the westem boundary carrying silt and debries trom the upper reaches of Arunachal Pradesh. It also causes regular inundation to the low lying areas of the region in the rainly season. The two other important rivers that pass through the region are the Jiadhal and the Karan. Forest cover in the lorm of plantations are seen scattered over the region. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin. Soil cover is 01 the Udalfs-Ochrepts-Aquents (25) sub-order. Paddy is the main food crop in the region. From the transport and communicatioin point of view, the region is moderately developed. A metre-gauge railway line and several other important roads criss-cross here. Industrially the region is under-developed. Small industries like saw mills, rice mills etc. are located in the region. 251 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DHEMAJI STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·11 - iistrict Division Name olthe Geology Soils Physio- Cultural Characteristics ~ame Number & Administrative Name Division (RG.) - 2 3 4 5 6 -7-d ASSAM Dhemaji 2.7.3.3 Sissibargaon, Alluvium Udalfs - This region covers the eastern and southem parts of the distriCt. Brahmaputra Dhemaji, rocks Ochrepts There are 546 villages of which the entire 328 villages of Jonai Flood Plain Dhakuakhana Aquents (25) revenue circle together with the villages of Sissibargaon (202), (Part) and Fluvents Dhemaji (9) and Ohakuakhana (Part) (7) revenue circles Jonai Aquepts (47) respectively cover the area. It faces Arunachal Pradesh and Foot Hills Plain region in the north, parts of Tinsukia and Oibrugarh districts in the south and east, and Subansiri Plain region In the west. The region is entirely rural with a total population 01192739 persons Phsiographically, the region is an alluvial flood plain of the Brahmaputra river. It is girt on the north by the hills of Arunachal Pradesh while the southern part is kept wide open. The whole discharge of the region is carried away by the Brahmaputra river which is flowing along its southern boundary. The enormous mass of silt and debries brought down from the upper riches form sand bars on the bed of the Brahmaputra. The Burhi Suti (the old channel) is the main river passes through the region. Other important rivers are the Lali and the Dihang, besides the Poba, the Tangani, the Sisi, the Lekojan and the Roykan. Flood in the rainy season is a common feature in the region. Stretches of thick grass as well as marshy places are observed adjacent to the bank of the rivers. There are three reserved forests in the region, namely, the Sengajan, the Gali and the Poba mostly covered by mixed deciduous type of forests. Geologically, the entire region is covered by the Alluvium rocks, consist of sand, silt and clay. The soils comprised of Udalfs-Qchrepts-Aquents (25) and Fluvents-Aquepts (47) sub groups. Rice is the staple food. The transport and communication is inadequate in the region. A metre gauge railway and a few important metalled roads pass through it. The southern part here is comparatively less developed. Industrially too, the region is far from development. A lew small and cottage industries like rice mills and handloom weaving etc. are often found in the villages. 252 DISTRICT SIBSAGAR ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) Sibsagar district extends in between 26° 41' 00" and 27°17' 00" North latitudes and 94° 24' 00" and 95° 29' OO"East longitudes. It is bounded by the Dibrugarh district in the north and east, by the Jorhat district in the north and west and in the south by the states of Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. The district covers an area of 2668.00 sq.km. of which 2637.85 sq.kms. are rural and 30.15 sq.km. constitute urban areas. It has a population of 907983 persons of which 842294 are rural and 65689 urban dwellers. It has a density of 340 persons per sq.km. The district is divided into two sub-divisions, namely, Sibsagar and Charaideu. The Sibsagar sub-division consists of four revenue circles, namely, Sibsagar, Nazira (part), Amguri and Dimow (part) and three towns, namely, Sibsagar, Nazira and Amguri. The Charaideu sub-division has three revenue circles, namely, Dimow (part), Sonari, Nazira (part) and two towns, e.g. Moranhat and Sonari. Physiographically, the district lies on a alluvial plain with some intruding spurs of Naga hills lying scattered over the southern part of the district. The northern part of the district along the Brahmaputra river is a flood plain, created by the mighty river flowing from east to west on its north-western part. High reeds, rich fodder grasses interspersed with swamps or bils is the common natural set-up of this region. South of this flood plain lies the wide, lush, homogeneous plain which is the most populous and economically important part of the district. Rice is extenSively grown in this part. Dense Semi-Evergreen and Mixed forests cover the southern part of the district along the Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh boundaries. The whole of the drainages of the district mosUy parrennial, ultimately find their ways into the Brahmaputra. Other important rivers in the district are the Disang, the Dirnow and the Dikhow. Of them the later one is the most swift, tarbulant and most active specially during the rains. There are plenty of man-made tanks in the district dug by 'Ahom' rulers popular1y known as·Sagar' due to their vastness in size and depth. Of them the Jay sagar, Shiva sagar and Gauri sagar are famous. Being the district housing the capital of the later Ahom kings for a considerable period of time, this district occupies a unique place in history among the districts of Assam. Some of the important reserved forests in the district are Panidihingia, Geleki, Abhaypur and Dirai reserved forests. The district characteristically experience the same climate like other neighbouring districts. Geologically, surveys by oil drilling operations reveal that the recent deposits (alluviums) are undertained by a ttuck layer of 'Tertiary' sediments which lie over an Archean basement complex. These Tertiary rocks represent the foreland facies and are distinguishable from geosynclinal facies of Tertiary rocks which forms the hills on the south and south-east of the district. Rocks of the later facies are found out-cropping in a small area within the district along the hills to the south of the railway near the north-eastem comer of the district. The Tipam and Surma group of rocks are found laying in south and south-eastem part along the Assam-Nagaland border. Soils in the district belong to Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents (18) and Fluvents - Aquepts (47) sub- orders 253 Tea, paddy, sugarcane, vegetables, pulses and mustard are the main crops grown in the district. Rice is the prinCipal food crop. Fishes are available in ponds, rivers, bils etc. and is a common dish with the inhabitants. Tea, that are planted extensively in the district plays a vital role in building up the economy of the district. Oil and Oil industry constitutes one of the important and profitable industries of the district. Coal has been commercially exploited near Nazira. Besides, rice mills, oil mills, flour mills, brick-kilns, foot wear Industr~, soap factories. handloom weaving, carpentry, pottery making, cane works etc. are the important small scale and cottage industries in the district. Human settlement is compact in most part of the plains except in the south and south-eastern part of the district along the Assam-Nagaland border areas. The transport and communication system is in a better shape here. A National Highway (No. 37) and a State Highway, pass through the district in a east-west direction supported by good number of important metalled roads. Besides, two metre gauge railway lines connect the important places within the district as well as other parts of the state. District Sibsagar is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.3.) which is divided into three sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topograpy, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain: The region covers 146 villages. There is no town in this region. It has a population of 84717 persons. Physiographically, this flood plain is the creation of the mighty Brahmaputra river and made-up of recent alluviums. Panidihingia reserved forest is located in this region. The important rivers of the region are the Dimow, the Darika and the Dikhow. The dominant soil of the region is of Fluvents- Aquepts(47) sub-group. 2.7.3.2. Sibsagar Plain: This region consists of 376 villages and four towns, with a population of 448701 persons of which 395410 are rural and 53291 urban. The four towns located in this region at~ Amguri, Nazira, Sibsagar and Maranhat. It is also a plain region. The Disang, the Dirai, the Darika and the Dikhow are the important rivers here that cut across the region from south to north-west. Rice and tea are the main crops while coal and oil are the chief minerals found in the region. The topograply is composed of recent alluvium 2.7.3.3. Geleki - Abhyapur Forest Region : This region occupies 364 villages. The region has a population of 374565 persons of which 362167 are rural and 12398 are urban. One urban area namely, Sonari is located in this region. Major part of the region exhibits a plain topography with a few intruding spurs from the Naga Hills at its southern part. The southern part of the district is often covered with mixed jungle of Deciduous, Semi-Evergreen and Evergreen forests. The Teok, the Disang and the Dikhow are the important drainages in this region. Its geology is composed mainly of Tipam and Surma group of rocks ( Miocene excluding Pontian ). ------x ------ 254 MAP 35 CENSUS OF INDIA ASSAIl S1BSAGAR DISTRICT CEIIoIUt COIlE 11 RECIOIIAI.. DlVlIIOHI 11:.4 • 44 I 12K. • • ,==+==+-=-1==i D • • • t • (I " ... ..It • a W" • .,. .. SOilS 0 .. GEOLOGY K.O....____.. II / /';'1i ·/, .... I y v.,.) y,...... ,. 6.\ .~'y ... v v V" A.I·- )'v V v V 44 ...... A . "iI' rv"'~ V vJf!:'V ,., ~ ••- r v ", tV ~I ~ 4 ",/A, [!] ALlUVU1 '\ A.- .,.... [}] TIPAH 'WllHA GROUP IKio II8UI1AR DISTRICT ~ ~. "'":...... J ' .... CIWIQI! f4 REClOHAL IIOUNDARP 1').' ,. ! I ' . .,._ ..... \'./' 1111-81 . D· I./I.!"" .....; ;' 11.7.3.~1 .' 1 / ' z.B l ,' r J aouNDAAY . STAn ...... , .. . _.. --_ .. - K.. ~~o . ,f'!'1"""'11 II ~ .." ~I!S A.UAR 1.1.3.1 •. ./" DlSTRleT . , , , , . , . • , " .. , ,_. _ • _.- REVlWUE. tII(H , , , . , , .. . , ,-' - , _, - . "i _ro1\~;1111 :\:\,.; IU~:'~R~? ' ,_" RESERVED I'CQ£ST IIITH IWIf .. ;:, - .. : ~ '~" .•: ' .~ NATIONAl HIi/1WAY " , . , • , . , " . , .. H!!·J1 STATE 10000AY .', • • • • • " , . . .. •••• , S!1 , ~~.~!U\~l~~ 'TI~ ' ~. ~:~ ,,': .. / OTHER IIIPORaNT ROAIl. , •. • , • , ... , • , ., --...,.,,- r~_. _. _,_ GOlAIiiIAT 121~ 1 \ .J ~MWAV LINE WITII STATiON, HHRE &AUG( • • , I I I &:illl t , ~" ' ''''\ ' '' ' ''I '' OISTRICT " lJ 1! ' } ~ I VER AIIO STRtAl" , . .. , . , . , , ...... ~ ... ''\ , . ! .".v ~ VilLAGE ItAI/ IhIG SIOO All] -,lOVE POm.ATION • 1 ~1~? i MIIJIIOAII Y, STATE . ,. "., .. _ •• _._ WITH NA'It: • , ., , 1 101( GAlli 1lf.-REStRVEO FOR£ST . ~ .. • DIS TRICT ,. " ,.,_ . _ . _ LlRS A" AREA .•• ', .'. '. " '. " " '. '. " ' •., ', " " '. " " ~ R.t,·REVEIl)[ (JICl( )12 , U~.," SUB-MAO AEl:iION ...... REIiIOHlo. l OIYISXlH , , , , .••• , , •• , •• , , ••z , 1. 1 I /~ SUS·MlCRO REGION (ODE 7 1911 12.HU 11A~:o :::::::::::::::: :.•~ .~ -~.,. -~:' :'i.. ,.::=i(: \911 12,7.3.11 i1CRD -_ •• __ _ ._ •• ••••••• _ ._ .' AREA lRANSff RIlfD ro HfWL Y ITIITI 1Ia_ clrd, .... UrO .. or .. bIIIIo4 .... ;_( (RIA TED JORIIA T DlSTRKT Sua·IltRO WITH IOUHOARY. _ _ • • ____ • _ _ _ _ -I..-- .hoW DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: SIBSAGAR STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 16 ~- No. of No, of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) District Region No / Name villages Region / Name 1991 (1991 ) in each Region 1991 T R U T R U _.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.7.3.1 146 . - - - 84717 84717 - Brahmaputra S Flood Plain I B 2.7.3.2 376 4 Towns Sibsagar Plain 1. Amguri (T.C.) -- 22.15 448701 395410 53291 2. Nazira (T.C.) S 3. Sibsagar (M.B.) 4. Moranhat (T.C.) A G A 21.3.3 364 1 Town Geleki - Sonari (M.B.) - - 8.00 374565 362167 12398 Abhayapur R Forest Region 257 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: SIBSAGAR STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 16 SI. I Division No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks No i Name Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional (village Code No as per i 1991 villages and Division in 1991) in R.C. Towns in Sq.Km - - Division 1 --2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7.3.1 ~ rahmaputra Sibsagar 1 to 47,49, 52 to 63, 78 76 48, 50, 51, 64 to 77, 89, 91 IF r I lood Plain to 88, 90,116,117, to 115, 118 to 127, 129 to 128, 136 146 N.A. 135, 137 to 139 are in region villages no. 2.7.3.2 Dimow (Part) 1 to 59, 61, 62,65 to 70 60, 63, 64, 68 to 78, 80 to I (Under sibsagar 67, 79, 103 to 107 102, 108 to 158 are in region sub-division) no. 2.7.3.2 2-~ i 2. 7.3.2 IS ibsagar Amguri 1 to 80, 83, 85, 86, 90 89 81,82,84,87 to 89,95,97 IPlain to 94,96 to 112 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 Nazira (Part) 1 to 48, 64 to 67, 80, 85 76 49 to 63, 68 to 79, 81 to 84, I (under Sibsagar to 103,110 to 113 104 to 109 are in region no. sub-division) 2.7.3.3 Nazira (Part) 1,2 2 3 to 13 are in region no. (under Charaideo 2.7.3.3 sub-division ) Sonari 1 to 23, 73 to 75 26 376 24 to 72, 76 to 319 are in viHages region no. 2.7.3.3 Sibsagar 48, 50, 51, 64 to 77, 89, 63 1 to 47, 49, 52 to 63, 78 to 91 to 115, 118to 127, 4 N.A. 88,90,116,117,128. 136 129 to 135, 137 to 139 towns are in region no. 2.7.3.1 Dimow (Part) 60, 63, 64, 68 to 78, 80 88 1 to 59,61,62,65 to 67, 79, (under Sibsagar to 102, 108 to 158 103 to 107 are in region no. sub-division ) 2.7.3.1 Dimow (Part) All Villages 32 All villages are in region no. (under Charaideo 2.7.3.2 sub-division) 3 h : 2. 7.3.3 iGe leki Amguri 81, 82, 84, 87 to 89, 95, 23 1 to 80, 83, 85, 86, 90 to 94, i Ab hayapur 97 to 112 96 are;n region no. 2.7.3.2 Fo rest Nazira (Part) 49 to 63, 68 to 79, 81 to 37 1 to 48,64 to 67,80,85 to Reg ior (under Sibsagar 84, 104 to 109 364 103, 110 to 113 are in region sub-division) . villages no. 2.7.3.2 Nazira (Part) 3TO 13 11 N.A. 1,2 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 (under Charaideo 1 sulH:tivision) town Sonari 24 to 72,76 to 319 293 1 to 23, 73 to 75 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 1 I L-- 258 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: SIBSAGAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ... 16 i Slat13 District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics I Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) - 1-- t=T 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Sibsagar 2.7.3.1 Sibsagar Alluvium Fluvents The region covers the noth-west part of the district occupying Brahmaputra Dimow rocks Aquepts (47) 146 villages of which 76 and 70 villages belong to Sibsagar and Flood Plain Dimow revenue circles respectively. The region is surrounded by Dibrugarh district in the north, Sibsagar Plain region in the east, Jorhat district in the south and the Brahmaputra river in the north-west. It is an entirely rural region with a population of 84717 persons. Physiographically, it is a flood plain created by the Brahmaputra river. The Dimow, the Disang and the Danka are the important rivers that pass through the region and ultimately find their ways to the Brahmaputra river. Mixed deciduous types of forest as well as shrubs are observed in the hill slopes under Panidihingia Reserved Forest. Geologically, the entire region is the formation of Allvium rocks. Fluvents-Aquepts (47) type of soisl are found here. Paddy is the main crop in the region. The region is lying behind in respect of transport and communication system. A few metalled roads only pass through it. No industry worth the name is located here. The region is moderately populated. 259 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: SIBSAGAR STATE: ASSAM Census location Code No ... 16 listrict Division Name of the Geology Soiis Physio - Cultural Characteristics fStl.te' tJame Number & Administrative i Name Division (R.C.) I ~-. --- . L_ ' __f _ 2 3 4 5 6 I 7 ASSAM Slilsagar 2.7.3.2 Amguri, Alluvium Ustaffs The region covers the central part 01 the district occupying 376 Sibsagar Plain Nazira, rocks Ochrepts villages. The distribution of villages in the different revenue Sonari, Orthents circles ollhe region are as follows: Amguri (89), Nazira (78), Sibsagar (18) and Sonari (26), Sibsagar (63) and Oimow (120). and Fluvenls Oimow Aquepts (47) The boundaries 01 the region are made up 01 Dibrugarh district in the north, GeJekj-Abhyaur Forest Region in the east and south, Jorhat district in the west and the Brahmaputra. Flood Plain region in the north-west. The total population of the region is 448701 of which 395410 are rural and 53291 urban. Four lowns, namely, Sibsagar (M.B.), Nazira (T.C.), Amguri (T.C.) and Maranhat (T.C.) are located here which together occupy an area 0122.15 sq.kms. The urban density is 2406 persons per sq.km. There are four villages, namely, Rajmai Grant, No.2 Khumtai T.G., Nahar habi Grant and Sat-Sai Grant I is located here having a populallon of above 5000 in each. Physiographically, the region is an alluvial plain. The important rivers that pass through the region are the Dikhow, the Disang, the Dimow and the Darika. The Darika flows for a certain distance parallel to the Disang river belore meeting the Brahmaputra. A number of big tanks namely, the Sibsagar, Joysagar, Gaurisagar etc. dug by the Ahom rulers are the significant features in the region. The historical mouments like Rang Ghar (Entertainment hail), Kareng Ghar (the palace of the king), Talatal Ghar (Multi-storied building) carry the architechtural achievements of the Ahom days AllUVium rocks cover the entire region. Ustalfs-Ochrepts Orthents (18) and Fluvents-Aquepts (47) groups of soil are found here. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. The transport and communication system is moderately developed. Two metre gauge railways, a National Highway (No.37),two State Highways, besides a number of important roads pass through u,~ region. The headquarters of the Oil and Natural Gas Commissioin at Nazira is located in this region. Apart from this, a lew small scale industries like, rice mills, bakery, brick kilns etc. are found in different parts of the region. Human settlemnt is compact over the region. 260· STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: SIBSAGAR STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No , . 16 Istrict I Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics lame Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Sibsagar 2.7.3.3 Amguri, Alluvium Ustalfs The region covers the south-eastern part of the district GeJeki - Naziraand rocks, Ochrepts occupying 364 villages of which 293, 48 and 23 villages belong to Abhayapuri Sonari Tipam and Orthents Sonari, Nazira and Amguri revenue circles respectively. Forest Surma (18) and Region group Fluvents The north-western part of the region is bounded by the !Miocene Aquepts (47) Sibsagar Plain region, the north and east by the Dibrugarh excluding district, the south and east by parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Pontian) of Nagaland and in the west by the Jorhat district respectively. rocks The tOlal population of the region is 374565 of which 362167 belongs to rural sector and 12398 to urban. The only town in the region, namely, Sonari (M.B.) occupies an aera of 8.00 sq.kms. resulting an urban density of 1550 persons per sq.km. There are two villages namely, Tiok Gaon and Baku Puhuri Habi Charaideo T.G. located in the region each having a population of above 5000. In respect of physiography, outflanked spars of Ihe Naga Hills occupy the south-western corner of the region and the rest is a plain area covered by evergreen forests composed mainly of mixed jungles. The reserved forests found in the region are, namely, the Dirai, the Sapekhati, the Delli, the Abhaypur and the Geleki, the Teok and the Dikhow are the important rivers that pass through the region. Geologically, the Tipam and Surma group of rocks (Miocene excluding pontian ) are found in the entire region excluding a small coverage of Alluvium rock formation. Soils composed of Ustalfs-Ochrepts..()rthents (18) and Fluvents-Aquepts (47) sub order associations. Rice is the staple food in the region. The transport and communication facilities in the region are moderately developed. A metre gauge railway, a Stale Highway and a few other important roads link the region with the rest of the district and the state as well. Tea is a major industry in the region.A large volume of workforce is engaged with these industries al different levels. No olher notable industry is localed here. 261 DISTRICT JORHAT ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) Jorhat district lies between 26° 20' 00" and 27° 10' 30" North latitudes and 93° 39' 00" and 94° 36' 30" East longitudes. In the .north it is bounded by the districts of Sonitpur and Lakhimpur, in the east by the districts of Dibrugarh and Sibsagar, in the south by the state of Nagaland and in the west by the Golaghat district. The district covers on area of 2851.00 sq.kms.of which 2781.36 sq.kms are rural and 69.64 sq.kms. urban with a population of 871206 persons of which 738174 are rural and 133032 urban. It has a density of 306 persons per sq.km·. The district is divided into two sub-divisions, namely, Majuli and Jorhat. The Majuli sub-division consists of one revenue circle of the same name. The Jorhat sub-division consists of four revenue circles, namely, Teok, Jorhat east, Jorhat west and Titabor and three towns, namely. Jorhat. Senchoagaon and Marioni. Physiographically, the district is located on a plain excluding some isolated hillocks stretched from the Naga hills from the south. The northern part of the district is a typical flood plain, formed by the Brahmaputra which flows from east to west in the northern part of the district. High reeds, grass, bamboos, interspersed with swamps or bils make the common natural physiography of the district. The Majuli, the biggest river island in the world is located in the northern part of the district in between the Brahmaputra's main channal in the south and the Ghansuti (a distributory of the Brahmaputra) at the north. The island is· purely alluvial in origin and belongs to flood plain which is homogeneous in nature and the most populous· one. This plain inters parsed with older alluviums is the most ideal for tea cultivation. Rice is also extensively grown in this part. Southern part of. the district is covered by forests. The whole major drainages of the district ultimately finds their ways in to the Brahmaputra. The important rivers in the district are the Jhanzi, the Disai, the Kakadonga, the Bhogdai etc. The forests are mainly composed of Tropical Evergreen and the Miscellaneous varieties. The important reserved forests are theTiru Hill ,the Disai vallely and the Holongpar. The climate of the district is more or less same like other parts of the Brahmaputra valley with predominant monsoons during· the summer and cold dry season during November - December. Geologically, the northern part of the district is composed of recent alluviums while in the southern part the older alluviums are intersparsed by Tertiary rocks down to south. Soils in the district as classified by N.B.B.S. and l.eAR. belong to Ustalfs - Aqualfs - Aquepts (19) , Fluvents - Aquepts (47), and Ochrepts Orthents (72) sub-orders. Tea, paddy, sugercane, vegetables, pulses and mustard are the main crops grown in the district. Rice is the principal food. Tea industry has played a vital role in the economy of the district. The slopes of the hills are ideal for its plantation. Besides, some small scale industries such as rice mills, flour mills, bricks kilns, foot wear manufacturing, printing presses, soap making, handloom weaving, carpentry, cane works etc. are the other important cottage industries found in the district. 263 Human settlement is compact on the south of the Brahmaputra gradually sparsing down to the southern part. The transport net work in the district is fairly developed. The National Highway (No.37) ,state high ways, important metalled roads and many all-weather roads provide the district an excellent means of communication. A metre gauge railway also ca~rs to the need of the inhabitants. , ' District Jorhat is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.3.) which is divided in to four sub micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7 .3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain ;- The region occupies 342 villages where 196634 population reside. This region is entirely rural. Physiographically, it lies on a flood plain which is the outcome of the action and deposition of the Brahmaputra river. Its geology is of mainly alluvial origin. The entire Majuli island and a narrow strip along the southern part of the Brahmaputra comes under this region. 2.7.3.2. Jorhat Plain: This region is located on the south-western comer of the district. It covers 276 villages and three towns, namely, Jorhat, Senchoagaon and Marioni . The region has a population of 424883 persons of which 291851 are rural and 133032 urban. It is mainly a fertile alluvial plain. Rice and tea are the main crops. The Kakadonga and the Bhogdai are the main rivers of the region, which flow from south and meet the Brahmaputra in the north. Its geology is mainly of alluvial origin. 2.7.3.3. Sibsagar Plain: This region consists of 202 villages and it has a population of 240349 persons which is entirely rural. The Dikhow, the Teok and the Jhanzi are the main rivers of the region. A reserved forest namely, Holongpar is located here. Rice and tea are the main crops. Its geology is similar to that of the previous region. 2.7.3.4. Galeki - Abhayapur Forest Region :. This region has only 31 villages and no towns with a rural population of 9340 persons. Most of the villages are forest villages. The region has three reserved forests namely, Disai velley, Disai and Tiruhills reserved forests. It exhibits a plain topography excluding some intruded hills from Nagaland in its south-eastern part. It is covered by mixed jungles mainly composed of deciduous and evergreen varieties and bamboos. The important rivers which flows through the region are the Teok and the Jhanzi. Geologically the region is underlained mainly by the Tipam and Surma group of rocks (Miocene excluding Pontian). ------X------ 264 ~~------« ::E l~ "UI.a "YDY, •• I • ) § " II! ~ 5 • ... ~ § .. II! i,... ~ , ~ ~ ~ 3 '" ~ II i , i, . ~, .... .,. '!' J ... '!' ,;, ,;.. .. ,;.. ~ .. '" ... ., ~ o Z LLo CI) :::> zCI) w () DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: JORHAT STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 15 -- No. of No. ofTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) Region No f Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region 1991 T R U T R U t--, 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ,--- I 2.73.1 342 - - -- 196634 196634 - Brahmaputra flood Plain J o 2.7.3.2 276 3 Towns Jomat Plain 1. Jamat (M.B.) - - 19.20 424883 291851 133032 2. Senchoagaon (C.T.) R 3. Mariani (T.C.) H A I 2.7.3.3 202 - - - - 240349 240349 . Sibsagar Plain T I I V.3.4 31 - - - - 9340 9340 - I Geleki Abhayapuri , Forest Region I I 267 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: JORHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 15 1sT! Divisio n No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks i No I Nam e Census villages as per No. of ofvilfages Regional ( village Code No as per I ' I I 1991 villages and Division in 1991) 1 in R.e. Towns in Sq. Km i Division ._-' '--' 3 4 5 6 7 8 t--1-r~··- ;: ._ ------!-. - -- 1 i 27.3.1 1; Brahm aputra Majuli All villages 244 All villages are in region no. i Flood Plain ,-2.7.3.1 ~. Jorha! West 1 to 17, 191048, 54, 68 52 49, 58, 61 to 67, 72 to 133 I to 71 are in region no. 27.3.2 18,50 to 53,55 to 57, 59, 60 I are in region no. 2.7.3.3 1--;---'--'-""";-' I Jorhat East 1 to 16, 18, 22, 23,26 20 342 N.A. -64 & 65 are in region no. villages 2.7.3.2 17, 19 to 21,24,25,27 to 63 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 f-=-.__ ._.--- t-. - I Teok 1 to 11, 14 to 18, 30 to 26 12, 13, 19 to 29,40 to 135, I 39 137 to 139,141 to 145,155, - 158 to 184, 187 to 190 are in I ' region no. 2.7.3.3 I I 136, 140, 146 to 154, 156, I 157, 185, 186, 191 are in I. I L-t---,-- r~ion no. 2.7.3.4 i 2 I 2.7.3.2 I Jarhat Plain Jorhat West 49, 58, 61 to 67, 72 to 71 1 to 17, 19 to 48,54, 68 to I I 133 71 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 276 18; 50 to 53, 55 to 57,59,60 villages N.A. are in region no. 2.7.3.3 Jomat East 64, 65 2 1 to 16, 18, 22, 23, 26 are in 3 region no. 2.7.3.1 towns 17, 19 to 21, 24, 25, 27 to -- 63 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 Titabor 1 to 203 203 204 to 218 are in region no. ! I • 2.7.3.4 _.-~----.------1-' .- f3··Ti7.3.3 I Sibsag aT Jomat West 18,50 to 53, 55 to 57, 10 1 to 17, 19 to 48, 54, 68 to I Plain I 59, 60 71 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 49,56,61 to 67,72 to 133 I 202 are in region no.).7.3.2 ~--_--~--..-.- ... rhat East 17, 19 to 21. 24, 25,27 I 43 villages N.A. 1 to 16, 18,22.23,26 are in I (063 region no. 2.7.3.1 64 & 65 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 12, 13, j'fHo 29,40 to 149 " 1 to 11, 14 to 18, 30 to 39 ~~ 135,137 to 139.141 to are in region no. 2.7.3.1 I 1 i 145, 155, 158 to 184, 136. 140, .146 to 154. 156, I 187 to 190 157, 185, 186, 191 are in I region no. 2.7.3.4 I I Gontd. LL_. --.~.----..--- 1 268 3 4 5 6 7 8 ~~ 1 r--- ~~ I 2.7.3.4 14 1 to 203 are in region no. ! : Geleki ntabor 204 to 218 15 31 N.A. I Abhayapur villages 2.7.3.2 i Forest Teok 136, 140, 146 to 154, 16 1 to 11, 14 to 18, 30 to 39 I Region 156, 157, 185, 186, 191 are in ~ion no. 2.7.3.1 I 12, 13, 19 to 29,40 to 135, , 137 to 139.141 to 145.155, I 158 to 184, 187 to 190 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 i I : \ ,i I .~ i L i 269 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: JORHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·15 District Division Name of tne Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 d AfiSAM Jorhat 2.7.3.1 Majuli, Alluvium Fluve1ts The region spreads over northem part of the district, occupying Brahmaputra JomatWesl, rocks Aquel>lS (47) 342 villages of which 244 villages come trom Majuli, 52trom Flood Plain Jomat East Jorhat West, 20 from Jorhat east and 261rom Teok revenue and circles. respectivly. The region makes its boundaries with Teck Lakhimpur and Sonitpur districts in the north, Sibsagar and Dibrugam districts in the east, Jorhal plain region and Sibsagar plain region in the south and Gofaghat district in the west. It is an entirely rural region and has a population of 196634 persons. From relief point of view, it is a flood plain formed by the fluvial action of the Brahmaputra river. The whole of the drainages of the district ultimately finds their ways in to the Brahmaputra river which is an enormous river here in terms 01 its spatial dimension. It flows from east to west on the north of the district forming Majuli, the biggest river island in the world. The region is very often severely effected by devastating floods. This is due to the incapabiJity of the river beds which are very shallow including the Brahmaputra, due to thei r sand depositions to carry on the entire load of their waters. And thus, a slight rise in the water level cause over1lowing of its banks. The geological formation of tM region IS of aI/uvial origin. The soils of the region are composed of Fluvents·Aquepts (47) sub· order spreading over the entire region. Rice is abundantly grown in the region. The region is backward in industries. Navigatioin in the Brahmaputra river is an important transport facility. A stale highway and a railway line (for a negligible distance) pass through the region. Human settlements are scattered. 270 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUL TURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: JORHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. : 15 ~ ~:~=~=;:~~=~'~::ND_~_:.;,;i~....:a,;:,j;_:.:..:c:_rn_&~-1-t-li~_-=-~_N.:..;._~_~;;:.;~_:O~;--,-~~~_;;_;;li_~c:.~_e~;J..._~_1_==G=e~:_og___ Y=:,====f,.--::'..::.::-i_IS===-:;_~_======Ph=Y=SiO=-=C=U=II_L_; __ ra-:::-7~I=C_h_a=---ra_cI=er=iS_ti_'CS.-=-====d '\SSAM Jorhat 2.7.3,2 Jorhat West, Alluvium F~uvE!nts - The region occupies 276 villages of which 71 villages come Jorhat Jorha! East and rocks Aquepts (47) from Jorhat West, 2 villages from Jorhal east and 203 villages Plain Titabor from Titabor revenue circles respectively. The region makes its boundaries with Brahmaputra flood plain region in the north, Sibsagar plain region in the east, Nagaland and Geleki Abhayapur Forest Region in the south and Golaghat district in the west. If has a population of 424883 persons 01 which 291851 are rural and 133032 urban. There are three towns in the region, namely, Jorhat, Senchoagaon and Mariani. From relief point of view, the region is entirely plain. The Bhogdai is the only important nver which is flowing through the northern part of the region, Though evergreen, semi-evergreen and wet decidous forests are seen in the region but no reserved forest is located here. Swampy land with tall grass and bamboos are commonly found in the area. The geology is of alluvial origin which is covering the entire region. The soil composition is of Fluvents-Aquepts (47) sub order. Rice and tea are the important crops of the region. Small scale industries such as rice mills, engineenng workshops, volcanising and lyre rethreading , soap making etc, are located here. Tea plantation and production is the major industry in the region. There is a good transport net work which links the region with other parts or the distriCt. The National Highway No.37, a state highway, some metalled roads and a railway line (metre gauge) pass through the region. Prosperous economy, compact human settlement and good surface communication have given this region a geographic personality of its own, quite distinct from that of any other region of the district. Jorhat is an important town and district headquarters. It is connected with the rest of the country by road, rail and air ways. It is a seat of leaming with the location of many educational insituttions of repute. 271 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: JORHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ... 15 District Division Name of the ! Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative I Name Division (R.e.) 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 Jorhat 2.7.3.3 Jorhat West, Alluvium Ustalfs - This region covers 202 villages 01 which 10 villages come Irom Sibsagar Jorhat East and rocks AqueJfs - Jorhat west, 43 from Jorhat East and 149 from Teok R.cs Plain Teok Aquepts respectively. (19), Fluvents - The region faces Brahmaputra flood plain region in the north, Aquepts (47) Sibsagar district in the east, Geleki-Abhayapur Forest region in the south and Jorhat Plain in the west. It has a population of 240349 persons. The region is entirely rural. Physiographically it is a plain region. The Teak and the Jhanzi are the important rivers flowing through it. There are two reserved lorests in the region, namely, Tiru hill and Holongpar reserved forests. The geological formation of the region is of alluvial origin. The soils of the region belong to Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Aquepts (19) and Fluvents-Aquepts (47) sub-orders. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. Economically, the reion is rich in tea plantation. There are some small scale industries such as rice mills, soap factories, printing presses etc. Pottery and handloom weaving are the important cottage industries here. The transport and communication facilities are more or less satisfactory in the region. The National Highway No.37, a State Highway, some metalled roads and a railway line (metre gauge) provide the region a better network of transport and communication. Human settlement is compact. 272 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: JORHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. 15 District Division Nameoftha Geology SoUs Physio - CuHural Cha raclaristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 '\SSAM Jorhat 2.7.3.4 Titaborand Tipam and Ustalts This region occupies 31 villages of which 15 villages come Gelaki and Taok Surma Aqualfs - from Titabor revenue circle and 16 from Teok revenue circle. It Abhayapur group of Aquepls faces the Jomat and Sibsagar Plain regions in the north, Forest rocks (19), Sibsagar district in the east, Nagaland in the south and south Region Ochrepts - west. It has a populaion of 934Q persons. The region is entirely Orthents rural. (72) From relief point of view, outflanked spurs ot Naga Hills are concentrated in south-western comer while the rest part is a dead flat plain, covered by ordinary forests. Important drainages cutting through the region are the Teak and the Jhanzi rivers. Important reserved torests in the region are the Disai valley, the Disai and the Tiru Hill R.Fs. All the reserved forests are usually covered with dense mixed jungle of evergeeen and deciduous types. Bamboo is a common variety found almost everywhere in the region. Geologically, Tipam and Surma group of rocks are tound in the entire region covered by Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Aquepts (19) and Ochrepts-Orthenls (72) types 01 soils. Rice is the staple food of the masses here. Industrially, the region is a backward one. The transport and communication facilities are poor. Only two metalled roads are seen passing through the region. Human settlement is thin and scattered. 273 DISTRICT GOLAGHAT ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) Golaghat district is extending between 25° 48' ~O'' and 26° 48' ~O'' North latitudes and 93° 17' 00" and 94 ° 11' 30" East longitudes. On the north it is bounded by the Sonitpur and part of Jorhat districts, on the east by the Jorhat district and the state of Nagaland, on the south by the state of Nagaland and on the west by the Nagaon and Karbi-Anglong districts. The district covers an area of 3502.00 sq.km. of which 3483?6sq.km. are rural and 18.24 sq.km. urban. 'It has a population of 828096 persons (779258 rural and 48838·urban ) and records a density of 236 persons per sq.km. The district is divi(!ed into two sub divisions, namely, Golaghat and Dhansiri. The Golaghat sub-division consists of five revenue circles, namely, Bokakhat, Khumtai, Dergaon, Golaghat and Diyong Forest Area and three towns, namely, Bokakhat, Detgaon,· and Golaghat. The Dhansiri sub-division consists of two revenue circles, namely, Sarupathar and Nawjan Forest Area. There is no urban centre in this sub-division. Pshysiographically, the district lies on an alluvial plain excluding some isolated or scattered hillOCKS extending from Naga hills in the south-east as well as from the Karbi-Anglong hills in the west. The northern part of the district is a flood plain created by the Brahmaputra river which flows from east to west along the northern boundary of the district. The areas in this part are usually covered with wild reeds and grasses, interspersed with swamps and bils. South of this flood plain is a wide, green and homogeneous plain constitutes the most populous and important part of the district. Rice is extensively grown in this part. The whole of the drainages of the district ultimately finds their ways in to the Brahmaputra river. The important of them are the Dhansiri, the Dipholu, the Diphu, the Daigrong, the Diyong, and the Kakodonga. The forests of the district can roughly be divided in to two types - the Tropical Evergreen and the Miscellaneous forests. Kaziranga, the world famous wild life sanctuary for its unique one horned rhinos is located at the north-western part of this district. Other important reserved forests in the district are the Narnbar,·the Diphu, the Rengma, the Diyong, the Tengani and the Lower Daigrong: Climate of the district is characterised by a highly humid atmosphere, abundant rains and general coolness. The cold season from December to February is followed by the season of severe thunder storms from March to May. The Monsoon season ranges from June to September. October and November constitute the post monsoon season.· Geologically, it is a vast tract of alluvial deposits with a thin strip of Tipam and Surma group of rocks concentrated in the south and south eastern part along side the Khasi green-stone massive and Shillong formations that lie in the western part of the district. Soils in the district belong to Ustalfs - Aqualfs - Aquepts (19), Udalfs - Ochrepts (22), Fluvents Aquepts (47), Ochrepts - Orthents (72), and Ochrepts - Aquepts - Fluverrts (85), sub-order associations. Tea, paddy, sugarcane, vegetables, pulses and mustard are the main crops grown in the district. Rice is the staple food. 275 Tea industry has played a vital role in shaping the economy of the district. The hill slopes are ideal for tea cultivation. Besides, rice mills, oil mills, flour mills, brick making, foot wear industry, printing presses, soap manufacturing, handloom weaving, carpentry, pottery making, cane works etc. are the important cottage industries in the district. . . Human settlement by nature is very much compact in the plain except in the flood plain zone where it is scattered and unstable due to regular visit of the floods. The transport and communication is fairly developed. The National Highways no.37 and 39, a state highway, a few important metalled roads and a metre gauge railway line criss-cross the district providing easy access to furflung areas within the district and outside. District Golaghat is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.3.) which is divided into three sulrmicro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra F!ood Plain :- The region has 59 villages but no town. It has a population of 42831 persons. Created by the Brahmaputra river, it is purely an a"uvial one. The Disai and the Dhansiri are the main rivers that have out across the region. The Kaziranga National Park is located in this part of the district. 2.7.3.2. Jorhat Plain :- The region covers 464 villages and three towns, namely Golaghat, Dergaon and Bokakhat. It has a population of 502416 persons of which 453578 are rural and 48838 urban. The region is mainly a fertile alluvial plain. Paddy cultivation is the main economic activity of the dwellers here. A few tea gardens are found to be located here on the higher ridges. The Dhansiri river flows through the region . . 2.7.3.3. Nambar Forest :- This region covers 558 villages but no town. The region has a·population of 282849 persons. It;s a land of mixed topography with hills, forests and marshes as well. The main forests are the Diyong, the Rengma, the Nambar and the Diphu. The Dhansiri and the Diyong rivers are the important drainages in this region. Its geology is mainly of alluvial Origin composed of both newer and older alluviums as well. ------x ------ 276 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 37 ASSAIl GOLAGHAT DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 14 IEGICIIIAI. IIMIIONI .. o .... A ., ...... ,. _-_-II IIInICT Q Z 'I( IIOU!IIAAv $TAU ...... _ •• _ •• _ .. I15MT .. • .... • _. _ • _ __ CIIICI.l •• _._._._ .. IIfSOYDI·I'GII[ST, ...... , .... WlTIIIWIf .. • .••~ ••~.~ ... ; =:"":IWW ::::m. \111M ...... ~'*~ = )7 NIl 1'IOIW. IllillWAV • • • • . . • • • STATE .....t ·•• :.; .•. " WI GTlD _rANT IIOIoIJ •• , •• ____ WliAY LN ImH STATION, RS "TIll 1iAUIiE ... '. ' • • • . •• I I I filii, , =~.:;>:.:;~~.~ . ":?=== H£SO •. • • . ~.. • . .-;;;",J . z~ 7"J ., '. IlAlllPUTIIA PlDIID PUll ...... · . 1 ..•. .J.,.J. Z .oc.iAt Pt.AII . Q·IICIIII wnH' . 1OUICIAIil' ; • .. • • • • • . • .z· N ·1 IWIIAIt raIlST Rn_ cIrdI. r ...... fw.. , MIl ...... It.. -...... - .. ,.. .., Ir... 1IMoI • I .... till _ ••, ...... willi nl._ t. ,.. III _ .., c.... t. J tlor • DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: GOLAGHAT STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO, - 14 '------, -- i ! No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) DistriO i Reg> ion No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each , I Region 1991 T R U T R U ;If 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.7 3.1 59 - - - - 42831 42831 - Bra nmaputra G Flood Plain o L A 2.7 3.2 464 3 Towns Jorl lat Plain 1. Golaghat (M.B.) - - 18.24 502416 453578 48838 2. Oergaon (T.C.) G 3. Bokakhat (T.e.) H - A r 27 3.3 558 I - - - 282849 282849 Nam bar Forest I T I I I I I i I !, i i I l__ I 279 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: GOLAGHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 14 --- on No Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks me Census villages as per No of of villages Regional (village Code No as per 1991 IIillages and Division in 1991) In R.C. Towns in Sq. Km Division 1---··- - -- I 1 I_~-- 3 4 5 6 7 8 ! 1 2.7.3. I Brahrr laputr Bokakhat 1 to 7, 9 to 11, 15, 43 to 34 8, 12 to 14, 16 to 42, 48 to a Floo d 47, 65 to 70, 89 to 97, 64,71 to 73,78 to 81,87, Plain 111to113 59 88, 98 to 104, 106 to i 10, villages NA 114 to 118 are in region no. 2.7.3.2,74 to 77,82 to 86, 105 are in region no 2.7.3.3 Khumtai 1 to 17 '17 18 to 92 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 Dergaon 6, 8 to 14 B-~ 1 to 5, 7, 15 to 81 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 2.7.3. 2 ,lorha I Bokakhat 8, 12 to 14, 16 to 42, 48 '74 1 to 7,9 to 11,15,43 to 47, Plain to 64, 71 to 73, 78 to 65 to 70, 89 to 97, 111 to 81,87,88,98 to 104, 113, are in region no. 2.7.3.1 106 to 110,114 to 118 ,'4 to 77, 82 to 86, 105 are in 464 region no. 2.7.3.3 ~umtai 18 to 92 'rs villages 1 to 17 are in region no_ N.A. 2.7.3.1 Dergaon 1 to 5, 7, 15 to 81 '73 3 6,8 to 14 are in region no. towns 2.7.3.1 Golaghat 1 to 8, 13 to 23, 29 to :204 9 to 12, 24 to 28, 45 to 50, 44, 51 to 72, 83 to 89, 73 to 82, 90 to 92 are in 93 to 232 region no. 2.7.3.3 Diyung Forest 1 to 25,38,42,47 to 38 26 to 37,39 to 41,43 to 46, Area 51,136 to 138,142, 53 to 135,139 to 141 144 to 143, 147 146 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 I I i I I I , LJ_ Contd. 280 ;----:; r, L 3 4 5 6 7 8 f--3- 2.7.3 .3 Nam bar Sarupathar All villages !l9 All villages are in region no. Fores 2.7.3.3 Diyung Forest 26 to 37, 39 to 41, 43 to '109 1 to 25, 38, 42, 47 to 51,136 Area 46, 52 to 135, 139 to to 138, 142, 143, 147 are in 141,144 to 146 ~egion no. 2.73.2 Nawjnn Forest All villages 312 558 N.A. All villages are in region no. Area villages '. 2.7.3.3 Bokakhat 74 to 77,82 to 86, 105 '10 1 to 7, 9to 11,15,43 to 47, 65 to 70, 89 to 97, 111 to 113 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 8, 12 to 14, 16 to 42, 48 to 64,71 to 73, 78 to 81, 87, 88,98 to 104, 106 to 110, 114 to 118 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 Golaghat 9 to 12, 24 to 28,45 to 28-- 1 to 8, 13 to 23, 29 to 44,51 50, 73 to 82, 90 to 92 to 72, 83 to 89, 93 to 232 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 1 to 8, 13 to 23,29 to 44,51 10 72, 83 to 89, 93 to 232 are In region no. 2.7.3.2 , ___ .J._ __ 281 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: GOLAGHAT STATE: ASSAM Census location Code No ..·1! District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.e.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 A~SAM 130laghat 2.7.3.1 Bokakhat, Alluvium Fluvents The region covers the northern part of the district occupying 59 Brahmaputra Khumtai and rocks. Aquepts villages of which 34, 17 and 8 villages belong to Bokakhat, Flood Plain Dergaon Khasi (47) Khumtai and Dergaon revenue circles respectively. green Ochrepts stone Aquepts The region is surrounded by Sonitpur and Jorhat districts (massi vel Fluvents (Partly) in the north, Jorhat distnct (partly) in the east, parts of and (85) Jorhat Plain region and Karbi Anglong district in the south and Shillong Nagaon district in the west. Formation II is an entirely rural area with a population of 42831 persons. Physiographically, the region IS a flood plain formed by the river Brahmaputra by way of erosion, transportation and depositions. The Dhansiri river originates from the hills of Karbt Anglong district in the south cutting across the region meets the Brahmaputra to the north. Kaziranga, the world famous wild-life sanctury is located here. The excellence of the sanctuary is seen in the presence of one homed rhino found here. Besides, the presence 01 wild animals like elephants, tigers, deers, bulfalos etc. alongwith the flocks of migratory birds attractsthe tourists from different places of the country and abroad. Low lying areas of the region re occupied by shallow water bodies, high reed jungles and grasses. The fringe in the south is usually occupied by a good number of tea gardens. The Diphalu river flows through the sanctuary. Geologically, the entire region is covered by alluvium rocks with the presence of occasional patches of Khasi-green stone (massive) and Shillong formation rocks in the southern part of it. The soils are grouped into Fluvents-Aquepts (47) and Ochrepts Aquepts-Fluvents (85). Rice is the main food of the inhabitants. The transport and communication system in the region is inadequate. The Nationaf Highway (No.37) traverse through a small area. Apart from this, there is only one road that passes through the region. Industrially also, no notable industry except the tea is located here. 282 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: GOLAGHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·14 District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics . Name Number & Administrative Name Division_{R.Cl 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM (io/aghat 2.7.3.2 Bokakhat, Alluvium Ustalf:~ The region covers the central part of the district and occupies Jomat Khumtai, rocks. Khasi Aqual's 464 villages. It is constituted 01 villages from five different Plain Dergaon, green stone Aqeupts (19) revenue circles as follows; Bokakhat (74), Khumtai (75), Dergaon Golaghat (massive) Fluvents (73), Golaghat (204) and Diyung Forest Area (38). and Aquets (47) Diyung Ochrepts The ouler boundaries of the region face the Brahmaputra Forest Area Aquepts Flood Plain region in the north and west, Joma! district in the east Fluvents (85) and parts of the Diyung Forest Area region in the south The region has a lotal population of 502416 persons of which 453578 and 48838 are found in rural and urban sectors respectively. Three towns namely, Golagha! (M.B.), Oergaon (T.C.) and Bokakhat (T.C.) are located here. These towns together occupy an area of 18.24 sq.kms. in the region resulting an urban density of 2678 persons per sq.km. There are two villageslocaled here namely, Koiborta gaon and Rangamati I.E having a population of above 5000 in each. Physiographically, the region is entirely plain. The tea plantation in the gentle slope and also along the National Highway depict and extra sense of beauty to the region. The Panbari reserved forest is located at the westem comer of the region where mixed type of vegetations is observed. The Dhansiri is the principal river that flows through the region. The river Diphalu also passes through it. Swampy land with grass and Bamboo are commonly found in the region. Geologically, major part of the region is occupied by Alluvium rocks. Occurance of Khasi green stone (massive) also noticed in the south-westem part here. Three types of soil found in the region. namely, Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Aquepts (19), Fluvents-Aquepts (47) and Ochrepts-Aquepts-Fluvents (85). Agriculture is the substantial means of income 01 the villagers. Rice is the staple food. The transport and communications network is better developed here. The National Highways NO.37 and 39 pass through the region. Besides, two metre gauge railway lines alongwith a number of State Highways and other important metelled roads not only provide an easy means of communication but also influence the economy of the entire district. Tea is the major industry in the region providing employment opportunities to a large number of workforce in the production of tea throughout the year. A sugar mill is located at Oergaon. Rice mills, saw mills and some other cottage industries like handloom weaving, soap making. bakery etc. are found scattered in the region. 283 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: GOLAGHAT STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·14 District Division I Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name ' Jivision{R.C.) .. 2 3 I 4 5 6 7 NSAM Llolaghat 2.7.3.3 Sarupathar, Alluvium Ustalls The region covers the southern part of the district occupying Nambar Oiyang rocks, Aqualls - 558 villages compriSing the entire villages of Sarupathar and Forest Forest Area, Khasi Aquepts (19) Nawjan Forest Area revenue circles. and partly from Diyung Nawjan green UdalfB Forest Area (lOS), Bokakhat (10) and Golaghat (28) R.C.s Forest Area, stone OchrE'pts Bokakhat and (Massive) (22) The region is surrounded by Jorhat Plain region in the north, Golaghat Ochre'pts - parts of Jorhat district and Nagaland in the east, Nagaland in the Orthents south and parts of Karbi Anglong district and Nagaland In the (72) west. The region is entirely rural with a population of 282849 persons. Physiographically, the land is a combination of hils, forests and marshes. The region has a maximum height of 168 meters above mean sea level. The region is shut in between Karbi Anglong and Naga hills. The Dhanslri river flows in the region determining the boundary between Karbi Anglong and the Golaghal district. The tributaries 01 the Dhansiri flowing in the region are the Thora, the Diphu, the Chenga jan, the Rengma and the Diyong. The important reserved forests in the region are the Nambar, the Diphu, the Rengma, the Diyong, the Tengani and the lower Ooigrung. Dense forest cover of mixed jungles are observed here. The region is of alluvial origin excluding some Khasi-green stone (massive) rocks concentrated in the north-westem part. The soils are composed 'of Ustalfs-Aquelfs-Aquepls (lS), Udalfs Ochrepts (22) and Ochrepts-Orthents (72) sub-order associations. Rice is the staple food. The transport and Communication facilities in the region are very much limited due to its unfavourable topography. A metre gauge railway line. a National Highway (No.3S). a State Highway and a few other roads could partialy fulfillhe needs of the people. Industrially the region is underdeveloped. 284 DISTRICT DIBRUGARH ( REGIONAL DIVISIONS ) Dibrugarh district is located in between 27° 05' 00" and 27° 42' 15" North latitudes and 94° 33' 30" and 96° 29' 30" East longitudes. The district is bounded in the north by the Dhemaji district, in the east by the Tinsukia district in the south by the Sibsagar district and the state of Arunachal Pradesh and in the west by the Lakhimpur and Jorhat districts. It covers on area of 3381.00 sq.km. of which 3351.26 km. are rural and 29.74 sq.km urban. The district has a population of 1042457 persons of which 858877 are rural and 183580 urban. Dibrugarh district. is comprised of six revenue circles, namely, Dibrugarh east, Dibrurah west, Tengakhat, Naharkatia, Tingkhong and Moran and six towns, namely, Chabua, Dibrugarh, Barbari AMC area, Duliajan oil Town, Naharkatiya and Namrup. Dibrugarh is the district headquarters. The major part of the district is an alluvial plain. The Brahmaputra is the main river which creats a long strip of flood plain along the northern boundary of the district. Dibrugarh plain is a most fertile and prosperous region. Though most part of the district is a flat plain but the south-eastern part of the district exhibits an undulating topograhphy adjoining Arunachal Pradesh. Burhi Dihing is another important river which flows partly through the district. There are a few reserve forests in the district. The Tipam and Surma, Sarail and Dihing and Dupitla groups of rocks compose the major geological formations in the south eastern part of the district. The northern part is, of course, of alluvial origin. The soils in the district as classified by N.B.S.S. and I.CAR. ( Nagpur ) belong to Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents (18), and Fluvents Aquepts (47) sub-orders. The climate is characterised by the absence of a dry hot summer. The highest temperature being experienced during the south-west monsoon with aboundant rains and highly humid atmosphere. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. A large number of tea gardens are located in the district. Industries based on tea, oil and natural gas are the important base of economic infrastructure of the district. Duliajan is an important oil town. A good network of transport and communication facilities serve the district well. National Highway No. 37 and two state highways pass through the district. A railway line (metre gauge) connect the district with the other parts of the country. District Dibrugarh is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra Valley (2.7.3.) and is divided into three sub-micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.3.1. Brahmaputra Flood Plain ;- This region covers north and north-west part of the district, covering 30 villages but no urban centre. It has a population of 7645 persons. This region is an alluvial plain formed by the Brahmaputra along its course from east to west, and often subjected to annual floods. Geologically, it is of recent origin but very fertile, mostly suitable for paddy. Bamboos and grasses (about 3 metre high) are commonly found in the region. 2.7.3.2. : Dibrugarh Plain :- The region consists of 1319 villages and six towns. It has a population of 1027943 persons of which 844363 are rural and 183580 urban. The towns are, namely, Chabua, Dibrugarh, Barbari (AMC area), Naharkatiya, Duliajan oil town and Namrup. It is an alluvial plain covered with paddy fields and tea gradens. The Burhi Dihing is an important river of the region. Oil and Natural Gas are the chief minerals discovered in the region. 285 2.7.3.3. Upper Dihing Forest Region :- This is a very small region which covers the south-eastern part of the district occupying 12 villages. It has a population of 6869 persons. The region exhibits an undulating topography of low hills covered with forests. These forests support various wood based industries located in the region. The Tipam and Surma, Dihing and Dupitila and Sarail groups of rocks compose the geological base of the region. Coal fields and oil beds are located in the Tipam sand stones. ------X ------ 286 MAP 38 CENSUS OF INDIA ASSAM DIB RUGARH [)fSTRICT CENSUS CODE 17 IIIEQIOIW.. DMIIOMI KlI~ ~ I IZKa I::::=±=:t '==l:::=::! , , • , ., ..... L~"'" ~ /\ ..... "":-.:'~ ••. J ." ...... ) IOUNIIAAY, STAT' .. .••.•• , ...... ••• ••••.. _ •• _._ •• J...... •• • ., DISTRICT •.•. , •...•• . • ..•• ••.•.• _. __.:. J"'i-~ ~ • , •• r " RlVEIIUt: (.telE ., ' . , ' ." ..•.. . . • _ • ....:.._._._ -,,~ ... ~, ...... "... "...... , RfSERVED FOII£ST WITH MAI1E " .. , :: .... .~ ·~r . '. '~; "'!, .. .. ! .. • ...... •• i,....- VIlLAGl IIo\Vllij WOO AIID AIOVE POPULATION ItIIWI TEIICIICi ". .. ~ ...... -"., '\j' ' +/1'~. • .•"''''1· ) WITH NAJV: ...... ' .... , .. .. , ...... , .. .. • . j '~j .... - ,.:;.1 tJRW AREA " . ...•.. •.••. . , ...... t • •• • •• ~~?4 IU. TIONAi. HIIiItW AY ...... , .. . WI n' STATE HlliHWAV ...... "...... SH 1(1, • ~ USTALfS _ OC..,.TS -OIITHfNTS OTltDIlHPORTANT IUIAD . 00 . 00 ...... _' _...",~.....,;.. IlUlllllAMl 5'''n ...... , _ .. __ RAlWAY LINE WITH STATION • MORE ijAUIj( .. . I 1"t-1II ~ I IH 47E:3 .fLlNENTS- AQILPTS " DlSMT ...... , _._._ IIfVEA ANI) STRUII ...... '" ...... ~ Rfr.IDNAL DMSIOIIS ...... 00 .. ~ 7 ,U u SI.e -tICIIO R£GDI ...... SUI- IICIIO RlIDI (CD: IN, .... : (l,7').1) KACIIO ..... , ...... , 1tWI •. Of , " 19t, .... . l·n·, IICJO ...... JllLA 1'RAHSf£lIRlD TO Nt:Wl Y S~-1tICRO WITH .OUIIDAAY ... .. ' 00'" ~RlAT£IJ TINSUklA IISTIIIU ' •.. , ITDIIJ]) I lull 1M ....,_•• f r ...... w ~k "'.,..... to ,.,. III fnIIiI _ codu upt. ] Iitr J 2-1.3-\ - IRAIIW'IITRA F1.00II PlAIl z.7·N - IIIIIIUIWH PI.AII N 'H - II'P£It DItNIi fOll£ST RfUION. 2, Town ...... , . , 1,,_,"IAJ1.[. .... I tIIII~ ..... _. dIHI I. lido Ivvl Al LUV .... .'IIII_11en. ~ 11',," L SURIIA ..... l llikllli ..w....,.... J DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: DIBRUGARH STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 17 No. of No. of Towns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) Distri ct Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region 1991 T R U T R U It--- -- f---. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f--_!__ - l- I I I 2.7.3.1 30 - - - - 7645 7645 i - o Brahmaputra Flood Plain I B R , 2.:7.3.2 1319 6 Towns Dibrugarh Plain 1. Chabua (T.C.) - - 29.74 1027943 844363 183580 u 2. Dibrugarh (M.B.) 3. Barbari AMC area (C.T.) 4. Duliajan Oil G Town (C.T.) 5. Naharkatia (T.C.) A 6. Namrup (C.T.) R H 27.3.3 12 . - - - 6869 6869 . Upper Dilling Forest Region . L-.. 289 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: DIBRUGARH STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 17 -- SI. : Dlvisio n No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks No Na me Census villages as per No. of of villages Regional ( village Code No as per 1991 'tillages and Division in 1991) . in R.C. Towns in SQ. Km Division L- ---' ; ------3--' - i 1 ;_ 4 5 6 7 8 :1--2~7.3.1 Brahm aputra Dibrugarh West 177 to 188 '12 ., to 176 are in region no. Flood Fllain 30 N.A. 2.7.3.2 1-: Dibrugarh East 1 to 13, 57, 224, 230 to 'IS-- villages i4 to 56, 58 to 223. 225 to 232 :~29, 233 to 235 are in region _- no. 2.7.3.2 -- :r-----'--- 2 2.7.3.2 Dibrug arh Dibrugarh West 1 to 176 '176 i 77 to 188 are in region no. Piain 2.7.3.1 Dibrugam East 14 to 56. 58 to 223. 225 :?17 ! to 13. 57, 224. 230 to 232 to 229, 233 to 235 are in region no. 2.7.31 r-=-' Tengakhat 1 to 213,217,222 to :?17 214 to 216, 218 to 221 are in 224 1319 region no. 2.7.3.3 Tingkhong All villages 223 villages All villages are in region no. N.A. 2.7.3.2 ~harkatiya 1 to 98, 103 to 155. 157 '178- 6 99 to 102,156 are in region towns no. 2.7.3.3 I-:-::- ' to 183 Moran All villages :308- All villages are in region no. 2.7.3.3 h'----<27.3.3 - Upper Naharkatiya 99 to 102, 156 ,)'" 1 to 98, 103 to 155, 157 to • Dihing -- 12 N.A. --183 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 I Forest Tengakhat 214 to 216, 218 to 221 ? villages 1 to 213, 217, 222 to 224 are Regior. in region no. 2.7.3.2 ! ' I I L_I .. i_ 290 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DIBRUGARH STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ... 17 District Division Name of tile Geology S·oils Physi o - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative ~-i:'I Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ~-- --- I ASSAM ['ibrugarh 2.7.3.1 Dibrugarh Alluvium Fluvents - The region covers the northern part of the district, occupying Brahmaputra West and rocks Aquepts 30 villages of which 12 villages from Dibrugarh West and 1B from Flood Plain Dibrugarh (47) Dibrugarh East revenue circles. East The region is entirely rural, with a population of 7645 persons. This region makes its boundaries with the Dhemaji district in the north, the Tinsukia district in the east, the Dibrugarh Plain region in the south and the Jorhat and Lakhimpur districts in the west. Physiographically, it is an alluvial plain, created by the fluvial action of the Brahmaputra river. The mass of silt brought down from the Himalayas is sufficient to cause changes in the river course locally and raise the river bed by depositing the detritus carried from the upper reaches. The Brahmaputra remains navigable throughout the year. The forest at the region is usualy low and dense, composed of riverine vegetations, bamboos and grasses (3 metres high). Important reserved forest of the region are the Dibru and the Dihingmukh reserved forests. Geologically, the region is of alluvial origin. Soils are of Fluvents-Aquepts (47) sub-order which covers the entire region. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are poor. Human settlement seems to be scattered. 291 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DIBRUGARH STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No ..·17 State District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative _·1- Name Division (R.C.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Dibnugarh 2.7.3.2 Dibnugarh Alluvium Fluvents- The region occupies 1319 villages of which 176 from Dibrugarh Dibnugarh West, rocks Aquepts west, 217 from Dibnugarh east, 217 from Tengakhat, 223 from Plain Dibrugarh East, (47), and Tingkhong, 178 from Naharkatiya and 308 from Moran revenue Tengakhat, Ustalfs circles. It faces boundaries with the Brahmaputra Flood Plain Tingkhong, Ochrepts region in the north-west, the Tinsukia district in the east, the Naharkatia and Orthents Upper Dihing Forest Region in the south-east and the Sibsagar Moran (18) district in the south. The region has a population of 1027943 persons of which 844363 are nural and 183580 urban. There are six (6) urban centres in the region, namely, Chabua, Dibrugarh, Barbari AMC area, Duliajan, Naharkatia and Namrup. The topography of the region is made-up of alluvial plain which is covered with fields of weaying rice and tea gardens. The Buri Dihing is the important river which flows south of the Brahmaputra. The Namdang and Jokai are the important reserved forests of the region. The geological formation is composed 01 alluvial origin. Soils belong to Fluvents-Aquepts (47) type which are found in major part of the region. Besides this, ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) type of soil is found in eastem part and in a narrow strip in southern part of the region. Rice is the staple food here. The region is rich in tea gardens and mineral wealth. Naharkatia and Moran Oil Fields are know for Oil and Natural Gas. The region is advanced in terms 01 industries, both small and large scales, saw mills, plywood factories, flour mills, rice mills etc. are important small scale industries here. Pottery making, bamboo and cane works are important cottage industies. Tea manufacturing is the important large scale industry in the region. Besides this, Oil India Limited and Asam Gas Company in Dullajan Oil Town, the Assam Petro Chemical Limited, Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation (Ltd.) and Thermal Power Plant in Namrup etc. are the large scale industries Situated in the region. The transport and comunication facilities are also fairly advanced. A National highway (No.37) , a Slate Highway and a railway line pass through the region. Besides a large number of metalled and unmetalled roads also criss-cross the region. Dibnugarh is the district headquarters and an important town. The region is thickly populated, 292 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: DIBRUGARH STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No .. 17 late District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (R.C.) I-- 1- 2 3 4 5 6 7 ASSAM Dlbrugarh 2.7.3.3 Naharkatiya Alluvium Ustalls - The region covers the south-eastem part 01 the district Upper and rocks, Ochrepts occupying only 12 villages, of which 5 villages from Naharkatiya Oihing Tengakhat Tipam & Orthents and 7 from Tengakhat revenue circles. It has a population of Forest Surma (18) 6869 persons. This region is entirely rural. Region group 01 rocks. 11 is a hilly region, covered by forests. The Buri Dihing is the main river which flows through the region. Important reserevd forest in the region is the Jaipur reserved forest. Its geology belongs 10 Tipam and Surma group of rocks and alluvium rocks. It is covered entirely by Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) type 01 so~1. Coal and petroleum are the chief minerals of this region. A large number of tea gardens are also found here. No industry worth the name is located here. The transport and communication facilites are poor. 293 DISTRICT TINSUKIA ( REGIONAl DIVISIONS ) Tinsukia district is extending in between 27° 13' 15" and 27° 58' 00" North latitudes and 95° 12' 30" and 96° 01' 30" East longitudes. The district is bounded in the north by the Arunachal Pradesh and the Dhemaji District, in the east and south by the Arunachal Pradesh and in the west by the Dibrugarh district. It covers an area of 3790.00 sq.km. of which 3749.31 sq.km. are rural and 40.69 sq.km. urban, with a population of 962298 persons (803624 rural and 158674 urban ). The district is divided into three sub divisions namely Tinsukia, Sadiya and Margherita. The Tinsukia sub-division consists of two revenue circles, namely, Tinsukia and Doomdooma and three towns e.g. Tinsukia, Ooomdooma and Makum. The Sadiya sub-division consists of only one revenue circle i.e. Sadiya. The Margherita sub-division consists of Margherita revenue circle and three towns, namely, Oigboi, Oigboi oil town and Margherita. The greater part of the district is an alluvial plain created by the Brahmaputra. In fact it is the extension of the flood plain across the river in the north. Beyond the flood plain down to south adjoining Arunachal Pradesh the area is covered with low hills. The Dihing is another important river which flows through the district. The forests of the district are very rich in both flora and fauna. While the northern part of the district is of alluvial origin, the south-eastem part is mainly composed of Tipam and Surma group of rocks, Barail group of rocks and Dihing and Dupitila group rocks, where important minerals like Oil, Natural Gas and Coal are found in sedimentary beds. The soils in the district as classified by NBSS and ICAR ( Nagpur) belong to Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Orthents - Fluvents (24) , Udalfs - Ochrepts - Aquents (25) Udalfs - Ochrepts - Aquepts (26) and Fluvents - Aquepts (47) sub-orders. The climate is characterised by the absence of a dry hot summer season, the highest temperature being experienced during the south-west monsoon along with abundant rains and a highly humid atmosphere through out the year. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. Varieties of fishes are found in bils, ponds, tanks and rivers. A large number of tea gardens are located in the district, some of them were established as early as 1840. The district is comparatively better off in industrial sector as a good number of industries based on tea, oil and natural gas are distributed over the district. The first successful strike at oil took place at Makum in 1867. The first well at Digboi drilled in 1889 - 90 marked the birth of oil industry in India. The oil refinery at Digooi is not only the oldest in the country but also one of the oldest in the wortd. The transport & Communication facilities are also fairly developed here. National Highways No. 37, 38 and 52 and a good number of metalled roads and a railway ( metre guage) cris5--{;ross the district providing easy access to various parts of the state. Tinsukia district is a part of the Eastern Brahmaputra Valley ( 2.7.3.) and is divided into five sub micro regions as follows on the basis of its geology, soil, topography, climate and natural vegetations. 2.7.3. i. Dibang - Lohit Inter fluves: The region covers the north-east comer of the district, is an antirely rural one covering 183 villages. It has a population of 98112 persons. The region is entirely plain, fairly covered with dense forests. The Lohit is the premier river of the region. Other important rivers are the Kundil and the Dihong.lts geology is of alluvial origin. 295 2.7.3.2. Brahmaputra Flood Plain :- The region covers western part of the district occupying only 21 villages but no urban centre. It has a population of 8533 persons. Geologically this region is an alluvial plain formed by the deposition of the Brahmaputra which is the important river of the region. The Dangori and the Alka are other important rivers. Bamboos and grasses (about 3 metre high) are the common vegetation found wild grown in the region. 2.7.3.3. Dibrugarh Plain: The region consists of 235 villages and two towns, namely, Makum and Tinsukia. It has a population of 277871 persons of which 191960 are rural and 85911 urban. It is an alluvial plain mostly covered with paddy fields and tea gardens. The Tingrai is the important river of the region. Oil and Natural Gas are the chief minerals discovered here. 2.7.3.4. Doomdooma - Margherita Region: The region occupies 645 villages and two towns, namely, Margherita and Doomdooma. It has a population of 451959 persons of which 415129 are rural and 36830 urban. Physiographically, it is a plain region with some hills in south-eastern part. Though geologically the major part of the region is of alluvial origin but the southern part is mostly composed of Tipam and Surma, Dihing and Dupitila and Barail groups of rocks. Coal deposits are found in southern part of the region around Margherita town where several coal fields are located. The forests are also rich in flora and tuna. Many Tea gardens are located in and around the region. 2.7.3.5. Upper Dihing Forest Region: This region covers the south-eastern part of the district, occupying 77 villages and two towns, namely, Digboi Oil Town and Digboi. It has a population of 125823 persons of which 89890 are rural and 35933 urban. As the name suggests the region displays an undulating topography covered with forests. Geologically it is composed of Tipam and Surma, Dihing and Dupitila and Barail groups of rocks. Coal fields are found in the Tipam sand stone belt along with oil beds leading to the location of an oil refinery at Digboi. Many plywood and other wood based industries are located here. ------X ------ 296 CENSU S OF INDIA MAP 39 AIIUI ,f TINSUKIA DISTRICT II< CEN8U8 CODE 18 .... RECIOHAL DIVISIONS I a: ... TINSUKIA DlSTRJCT "''11.1;;1~ 1 ' ~1.11.1' WI, mllWJ11 ~ ,,·nf!·Ih. ... ll.ll l ( ,~ - . ",~. "Ij,21 ·lV/ fl l lIl1 l ['I" '~ ,/'_-' 11.7.1 21 (:I•• •• !1 1'II5IJC1A 1"\ ,...... ·.... ·· .... I n rl, :1 111ita11 11 r ~I.' aOlJND ARV. ST ~ T! • . .• ••• . - .. -. 50UNDARY SUTE ./ /..... ifi i~~~]lll: z.7J.,Jil 1· ·1~11:1).. OISTRlCY • . . •• • . _,_._ • DISTR~~ · ····" ·· ······· · · ···' -· · - ··-··- ,/ : J~IU.L.I ' 11 1'11"[ I llv SU8-i'ltCAO R£GIOH ...... •. , • • , • • , , • • • ' • ". , • ,_._ ._._._ 1 l ,( .... ,.... .:.... CIIIIUG"~" J~:l!/dD:, iriXi},:f SlJ1!· HI(RO R£CiIOH cOO( 1911 . ( 2.7.l.1) REVENUE CIR CLE. , .. . , • • • • • , • . • . , , -.-._._._ I. / I...... ,..2.7,1.5( 'W,' H "" , tU, RESERVED FOREST wlTu "A · r ,".,;,a"ioOitA·.i: ! ( ' .... ,J ,: .' AREA GAIIfD fAOI1 DIIRUGAAH " .. 11 • • , •• •• , • ,...... " . I \,,,. J ."""..1 DISTRICT, • , • , , , , , , • , • , ,ITIIIID "n.tACiE HAYING ~OO & AeOVE POPULATION WITH NAME • • " • • ,.,.,", . . •. ".,.,.,.," '. S~'- GEOlOGY URIAN ARtA , • , , , . , • , , • , , • , , . •• •.. , ...... ~ HATlON AL HlGHW,A!f • . . • , , . . , • ••• •• , •. , . . . . "" !J OTHtR IMPORT ANT ROAD .• '...... ' . . , .• • ••.. •• ----- RAJl.WAY lINE WITH 5TA l ION. METRE GAIJIjE . .•. , • , I.II~IIIIU. RIVER ANO STREAM. ." .• . , ....• , ..... • .. • ~: REIiIONAL DIYISION . •.. . . , .. , . , •. , • , , • • , •• , Z.7.11 HA[ RO _ t t t t .... MESO __ III .J MI CRO \ ./ . m III .,...... SIJB -MICRO (,. ;-0. _,., { '~. , [Rud ~"e seQUence 01 r~gion.t divisions with rol«r eftce 1o the III Indll IIlp codu up 10 ) lier.] 2.7.3.1 DlBANG - WHiT INH.RFLUVS " 0 u~T AL F5 • OOIRrl'TS • ORTH£NlS 2.7,3.2 BRA HMAPUTRA FL OOD PLAIN I'll ''''1 Al.llNlJH 2,7,3,3 DIBRUGARH PLAIN 24 IJOAoL'S - OCHR EP TS - OItTllfHTS • f lUY EII'IS 2.7 .3." DOOHD OOM A · "'''RGHERITA REGlOI'I 15 ~ UOALfS • OCHREPTS - AaUtNTS 2.7,).S UPPER OIHING FOREST REGION E3 OIHI"6 , 00"'1\" tIR(U'. { 26 ~ UO ALFS - OC HR[PT~ - Ao. U£PTS ~ I " ... _ iM~ ,_,tian I ~7 flUVEHTS - Ao,u EPTS ~ TIP." , SURHA GROll' B An_ circle . ",b.. In' ;MId Rt ..nod ""st btUII4arIu L.:.J I Hi ...." nduolng , ..I ii" I ~ jNI till _III ill'f ...llonol . mmrn SAUl. GROUP !.!.!!llllJ I c..,.(ln. & t ..... ; DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS DISTRICT NAME: TINSUKIA STATE: ASSAM CENSUS CODE NO. - 18 No. of No. ofTowns in Area in Sq. Km in Region Population in Region (1991) District Region No I Name villages Region I Name 1991 (1991) in each Region 1991 T R U f----f--. T R U ~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ! 2.7.3.1 183 98112 98112 - - - - - I Dibang Luhit Interfluvs T I 2.7.3.2 21 - - - - 8533 8533 - Brahmaputra N Flood Plain S U 2.7.3.3 235 2 Towns Dibrugarh Plain 1. Makum (T.C.) - - 14.22 277871 191960 85911 K 2. Tinsukia (M.B.) I 2 Towns 27.3.4 645 1. Margherita (C.T) Ooomdooma 2. Doomdooma - - 9.00 451959 415129 36830 A Margherita Region (T.C.) 2 Towns 2.7.3.5 77 1. Digboi Oil Town (C.T.) Upper Dihing 2. Digboi (T.C.) - - 17.47 125823 89890 35933 Forest Region 299 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODE, 1991 DISTRICT: TINSUKIA STATE: ASSAM Census Code No: 18 SL Divisio 11 No I Revenue Circle Location Code No. of Total Total No. Area of Remarks I No Nar ne Census villages as per No. of ofviUages Regional (village Code No as per i 1991 villages and Division in 1991) I in R.C. Towns in Sq. Km . Division . - -_.__ . --_ ~-1----2 3 4 6 8 11-- -2:731 5 7 Dibang Luhit ~ Sadiya All villages 148 No village falls in the area ! Interflu rs under region no. 2.7.3.2 Doomdooma 5, 11 to 44 35 183 1 to 4,6 to 10, 52, 202 to villages N.A. 209, 225, 227, 228 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 306,308 to 346,439 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 45 to 51,53 to 201,210 to 224, 226, 229 to 305, 307, 347 to 438 are in region no. 2.7.3.4 2 2.7.3.2 · Brahma putra Tinsukia Nil Nil 1 to 191, 195, 259, 260 are , Flood Plain in region no. 2.7.3.3 192 to 194, 196 to 258 are in region no. 2.7.3.4 No villages falls in the area under r_egion no. 2.7.3.5 .-c-:-.-~ Sadiya Nil Nil 21 villages NA r-1 to 148 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 Doomdooma 1 to 4,6 to 10, 52, 202 21 5, 11 to 44 are in region no. to 209, 225, 227, 228 2.7.3.1 306, 308 to 346, 439 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 45 to 51, 53 to 201, 210 to 224,226,229 to 305,307, 347 to 438 are in region no. .--, 2.7.3.4 3 2.7.3.3 ~. ._-_. --- Tinsukia 1 to 191, 195, 259, 260 194 No village falls in the area · Dibruga rh under region no. 2.7.3.2 235 192 to 194 ,196 to 258 are in · Plain villages region no. 2.7.3.4 No village falls in the area 2 under region no. 2.7.3.4 towns 1--' - Doomdooma 306, 308 to 346, 439 41 5, 11 to 44 are in region no. 2.7.3.1 '1 to 4,6 to 10, 52, 202 to 209, 225, 227, 228 are in region no. 2.7.3.2 45 to 51,53 to 201,210 to 224, 226, 229 to 305, 307, I 347 to 438 are in regiO~ L___ _ 2.7.3.4 Contd. 300 -- .- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 27.3.4 '- Doomdo oma Doomdooma 45 to 51,53 to 201,210 342 5, 11 to 44 are in region no. Marghe rita to 224, 226 , 229 to 2.7.3.1 Region 305, 307, 347 to 438 1 to 4, 6 to 10, 52. 202 to 645 209. 225, 227, 228 are in , I villages N.A. region no. 2.7.3.2 I 306, 308 to 346, 439 are in 2 region no 2.7.3.3 Tinsukia 192 to 194, 196 to 258 66 towns No village falls in the area under region no. 2.7.3.2 1 to 191, 195, 259, 260 are in region no. 2.7.3.3 No village falls in the area under region no. 2.7.3.5 Margherita 1 to 74,78 to 109, 127 237 75 to 77, 110t0126, 142 to to 141, 147 to 150, 152, 146,151,153 to 155,159 to 156 to 158, 166 to 199, 165,200 to 207,237 to 245, i 208 to 236, 246 to 267, 268,270 to 274,276 to 280, i I I, 269, 275, 281 to 292, 293 to 302, 311, 312, 214 303 to 310, 313 are in region no. 2.7.3.5 i-rl2.7.3.5 ! I Upper Tinsukia Nil Nil No village falls in the area i i Dihing under region no. 2.7.3.2 ; I Forest 1 to 191, 195, 259, 260 are I Region 77 villages in region no. 2.7.3.3 I N.A, 192 to 194, 196 to 258 are in 2 region no. 2.7.3.4 Margherita 75 to 77,110 to 126, 77 towns 1 to 74, 78 to 109, 127 to 142 to 146, 151, 153 to 141, 147 to 150, 152, 156 to 155, 159 to 165, 200 to 158,166 to 199, 208 to 236, 207. 237 to 245, 268, 246 to 267, 269, 275. 281 to 270 to 274,276 to 280, 292, 303 to 310, 313 are in ! 293 to 302,311,312. region no. 2.7.3.4 L_.i__ 314 I 301 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: TINSUKIA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·18 District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name NumberS Administrative Name Division (R,C.) 2 3 4 5 t3 1 ASSAM rinsukia 2.7.3.1 Sadiya and Alluvium Udalfs The region covers north-east corner of the district occupying Dibang Doomdooma rocks Ochrepts 183 villages and a population of 98112 persons. The region Luhit Orthents makes its boundaries with Arunachal Pradesh in the north and Interfluvs Fluvents east, Doom Dooma-Margherita region in the south and Dhemaji (24), Udalfs district in the west. Ochrepts Aquents (25) The region is an entirely plain one, covered with dense forests. Udalfs The Luhit, the Dibang and the Kundil are the tributaries of the Ochrepts Brahmaputra river. the Kundif river falls in to Luhit river in the Aquepts (26) east of Sadiya. The Dibang river and its tributaries debouch upon the plain through the gorges of the great natural barrier. The rivers are swift and the beds of the rivers are full of snags and boulders. The forests are dense with mixed jungle, mainly bamboos. Kundil Kalia Deopani IS the important reserved forest of the region. The ge%gical formation is of alluvial origin. Soils distribution in the region are as follows: Udalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents-Fluvents(24) covers the north-east comer and Udalfs-Ochrepts-Aquents (25) covers the major part of the region. Udalls-Ochrepts-Aquepls (26) spreads over a narrow strip in southern part of the region. Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communication facilities are not fairly good. The National Highway No.37. and a State highway pass through the region, Human settlement seems to be scattered and it is more concentrated around the Sadiya revenue circle headquarters and near the Saikhoa ghat 302 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CUl TURAl DETAilS DISTRICT: TINSUKIA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·18 District Division Name 01 the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name DivisionlR.C) 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tinsukia 2.7.3.2 Tinsukia, Alluvium Fluvents The region covers the north and north western part of the Brahmaputra Sadiya and rocks Aquepts (47) district, occupying 21 villages all belonging to Doom Dooma Flood Plain Doomdooma revenue circle. This region is entirely rural, and has a population of 8533 persons. This region makes its boiundaries with district Dhemaji in the north, Dibang-Luhit InteriJuvs region in the east; Doom Oooma-Margherita region the south and district Dibrugarh in the west. Physiographically it is an alluvial plain formed by the fluvial action of the Brahmaputra river. The whole of the drainages of the district ultimately lind their ways in to the Brahmaputra which is an enormous river here in terms of its vastness. The mass of silt brought down from the Himalayas creat extensive sand deposits on its bed. The floods which are so frequent in the Brahmaputra often cause local changes in the river course. The river remains navigable throughout the year. The forests are of mixed variety, usually dense with bamboos and grasses (3 metre high). Important of them are the Dibru and the Rongdoi reserved forests. The region is backward in industries. The transport and communicatioin faCilities are also poor. Human settlement seems to be scattered. 303 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: TINSUKIA .' STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No. ·18 'District Division Name oflhe Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative is.ta.] Name Division (RC.) f--- - L. _1__ 2 3 4 5 6 7 .ASSAM finsukia 2.7.3.3 Tinsukia and Alluvium Fluvenls This region occupies 235 villasges of which 194 villages come Dibrugarh Doom Dooma rocks Aquepts (47) from Tinsukia revenue circle and 41 villages from Doom Dooma Plain Ustalfs revenue circle. The region faces the Brahmaputra Flood Plain in Ochrepts the north, Doom Dooma-Margherita region in the east, upper Orthents Dihing Forest region in the south and Dibrugarh district in the (18) east. It has a population of 277871 persons of which 191960 are rural and 85911 urban. The region has two urban centres, namely, Makum and Tinsukia. The topography of the region is composed of alluvial plain which is covered with fields of waving rice and tea bushes. The Tingrai is the only river flows through the region. Bamboos are found wild grown in the region. The Padumani and Barjan are the two reserved forests located here. The geological formation is of alluvial origin. Fluvents-Aquepts (47) type of soil is found in large part of the region. Besides, Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) type of soil is also found in the eastern part of ther region. Rice is the staple food of the inhabitants. The region is rich in tea garden and mineral wealth. Small scale industries such as saw mills, plywood industries, manufacturing of fumitures and fixtures, flour mills, rice mills and manufacturing of steel fumitures are located here. Pottery and bamboo and cane works are the important cottage industries. Tea manufacturing is the most important large scale industry in the region_ The transport and communication networks are fairly developed in the region. National Highway No.37 and a metre gauge railway line pass through the region. A large number 01 metalled and unmetalled roads also criss-cross the region. The region IS economically a prosperous one reflecting in a high density of population. 304 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: TINSUKIA STATE: ASSAM Census location Code No ... 18 District Division Name of the Geology Soils Physio - Cultural Characteristics Name Number & Administrative Name Division (Re.) L.- ':~~ .1± 2 3 4 5 6 7 ~ A;SAM 'Insukia 27.3.4• Doom Alluvium Uslalis The region occupies 645 villages, consisting of 342 vii/ages Doom Dooma rocks, Ochrepts' from Doom Dooma, 66 villages from Tinsukia and 237 Villages Dooma· Tinsukia and Tipam & Orthents from Margherila revenue circles respectively. It faces Dibang· Margherita Marghenta Surma (18), Udalfs· Luhit Interlluvs region in the north, the Brahmaputra Flood Plain Region group of Ochrepts· region in the north·west, Dibrugarh plain in the west, Upper rocks and Aqueots (26) Dihing Forest region in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the Barail Fluvents east. The region has a population of 451959 persons 01 which group 01 Aqueots (47) 415129 a re rural and 36830 urban. It has two towns, namely, rocks. Marghenta and Doom Dooma. This region presents a plain topography excluding a few small hills in south·eastem part along the Bun Dihing river which is the principal outlet of the region. Its principal tributaries are the Digboi, the Tingrai and the Tirap, The region is covered with a good number of reserved forest, namely, the Doom Dooma, the Buri Dihing and the Upper Dihing reserved forests etc. The geological formation here is of alluvial origin excluding Tipam and Surma group, Dihing and Dupitla group and Barail group of rocks concentrated in the southern part of the region, The alluvial deposites of the region belong to sub·recent and recent periods. Coal is found in sedimentary rocks in the region which ar e concentrated in southem part. Ustalfs·Ochrepts-Orthents (18) soil covrs a small area in its southern part while Udalfs-Ochrepts·Aquepls (26) soil covers the major part of the region and Fluvents·Aquepts (47) soil is found in north·west part. The region is famous for tea gardens. Coal is found near Margherita town. The region is industrially advanced. Though tea is the important large scale industry, a large number of allied industries are also located in the region. because of which the settlement in the region is denser than its neighbouring area. The transport and .;ommunication facilities are fairly developed. The National Highways No.37 and 38, some metalled roads and a rai/way line (metre gaugel pass through the region. 305 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS DISTRICT: TINSUIKIA STATE: ASSAM Census Location Code No .• 18 N i1S Physio - Cultural Characteristics State I DistrictName T NumberDivision & ._-t-Administrativ_a_;;m_:_:ec:__of;L.th_e_t- __=--_-+-_b06 I Name e Division . __-+___ R.C. r-1 1-- 2 3 4 5 =====--.~_.!_7 ______ASSAM Tinsukia 2.1.3.5 Tinsukia Tipam & Ustalfs The region covers south eaStern part of the district, occupying Upper Dlhing Margherita Surma group Ochrepts- 77 villages of Margherila revenue circle. II faces ils boundaries Forest of rocks, 01hents with Doom Dooma-Margherita region in the north and north-east, Region Dihing and (18) Arunachal Pradesh in the south and south-east and Dibrugarh Dupitila district in the west. group of rocks, Sarail The region has a population of 125823 persons of which group 01 89890 are rural and 35933 urban. There are two towns In the rOCks region namely, Digboi Oil Town and Digboi. Physiographically, the region consists of hills covered by forests. The Bun Dihing is the main river which flows through the region. Important Reserved Forests of the region are the Upper Dihing , the Tirap and the Dirak. Geologically the region composed of Tipam and Surma group, Dihing and Dupitila group and Barail groups of rocks. Tipam sandstone covers the coal fields of the region. These sandstones are found in ridge of the Tikak-Ledo-Tipang and Honju range of hills. Another belt of the Tipam sandstones covers the major part of the Jaipur and Tipam-Digboi range of hills. In this part, the beds house several oil bearing horizons. A good number of oil and gas seepages occur along the base of the hills between the Dihing and Digboi rivers. Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents (18) type of soil covders the entire region. Coal and petroleum oil are the chief minerals of the region. A large number of tea gardens are also found here. Digboi is the important oil town of the region with the Oldest refinery in the country. Small scale industries like wire fencing and manufacture of fumlture and fixtures etc. are located here. The transport and communication facilities are in better shape here. National Highway No.38 and a railway line (metre gauge) pass through the region, beSides a host of metalled and unmetalled roads. 306