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PEER Stage2 10.1007%2Fs10152-0 Two copepod species largely confused: (Norman, 1868) and (Claus, 1889). Taxonomical implications M. Eugenia Bandera, Mercedes Conradi To cite this version: M. Eugenia Bandera, Mercedes Conradi. Two copepod species largely confused: (Norman, 1868) and (Claus, 1889). Taxonomical implications. Helgoland Marine Research, Springer Verlag, 2009, 63 (4), pp.261-276. 10.1007/s10152-009-0154-y. hal-00535191 HAL Id: hal-00535191 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535191 Submitted on 11 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Helgol Mar Res (2009) 63:261–276 DOI 10.1007/s10152-009-0154-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Two copepod species largely confused: Asterocheres echinicola (Norman, 1868) and A. violaceus (Claus, 1889). Taxonomical implications M. Eugenia Bandera · Mercedes Conradi Received: 4 February 2008 / Revised: 10 February 2009 / Accepted: 24 February 2009 / Published online: 29 March 2009 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2009 Abstract Due to its extremely brief description, Asteroc- available and with their congeners. The redescription of Aste- heres echinicola (Norman, 1868) has been confused with rocheres latus revealed new speciWc diVerences between this some Asterocheres species such as Asterocheres suberitis species and Asterocheres kervillei, a species considered as Giesbrecht, 1897, Asterocheres parvus Giesbrecht, 1897 and synonymous of Asterocheres latus for almost 40 years. We Asterocheres latus (Brady, 1872). Furthermore, this species strongly recommend that these diVerences are suYcient to has been considered conspeciWc with Cyclopicera lata consider these two species diVerent. Finally, we analyzed the (Brady, 1872) and Asterocheres kervillei Canu, 1898. The implications of all these taxonomical changes with respect to objective of this paper is to study the syntypes of Asteroc- the diversity of the hosts utilized by these copepods and their heres echinicola deposited in the Museum of Natural History geographical distribution. of London together with abundant material from this and other institutions. Re-examination of these syntypes revealed Keywords Siphonostomatoida · Asterocheres echinicola · that Asterocheres echinicola was conspeciWc with the cur- Asterocheres violaceus · Asterocheres kervillei rently known Asterocheres species, A. violaceus. Therefore, this latter species should be considered as a junior synonym of the former. The specimens described by Brady as Cyclopi- Introduction cera lata represent distinctively Asterocheres echinicola (=Asterocheres violaceus) and are identical to Sars’s Ascomy- Norman (1868) described Asterocheres echinicola as Asc- zom parvum and to Giesbrecht’s Asterocheres echinicola. We omyzon echinicola, on the basis of females living in the propose to rename Cyclopicera lata as Asterocheres latus echinoderm Echinus esculentus Linneo, 1758 at Shetland (Brady, 1872), and raise Sars’ Ascomyzon latus, a species Islands (UK). This description was very concise and devoid which is diVerent from Asterocheres echinicola (=Asteroc- of any illustrations and, therefore, the identity of this heres violaceus) and from Asterocheres latus (=Cyclopicera species was not clear. Four years later, Brady described the lata), as a new species. In this paper, we not only redescribe species Cyclopicera lata which were living among algae in both species A. echinicola and A. latus, but also compare UK (Brady 1872). However, later on, the same author them with their previous descriptions, with the new material (Brady 1880) after a re-examination of type-specimens of Ascomyzon echinicola and studying more specimens of Cyclopicera lata collected from dredged material from Communicated by P. Funch. Ireland, realized that these two species were conspeciWc. M. E. Bandera (&) · M. Conradi Brady’s confusing suggestion of favouring the name of Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Cyclopicera lata to Ascomyzon echinicola in spite of the Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología, priority of the latter was followed by Thompson (1889, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain 1893) and Scott (1893, 1898, 1900). e-mail: [email protected] Brady’s suggestion was corrected when Giesbrecht W M. Conradi (1895) returned to the speci c name of echinicola, naming e-mail: [email protected] his specimens collected from Naples as Cyclopicera 123 262 Helgol Mar Res (2009) 63:261–276 echinicola. However, he misidentiWed them since, as Gies- syntypes of A. echinicola deposited in The Natural History brecht himself admitted after the examination of some Museum of London, together with abundant material from specimens of A. echinicola sent to him by Scott, these spec- NormanЈs collection and others from later expeditions. imens belonged to a new Asterocheres species: A. suberitis (Giesbrecht, 1897). This was not the only incidence when these two species were confused, since according to Stock Materials and methods and Gotto, the form referred to uncertainly as A. echinicola by Scott (1898, 1900) from the Clyde and Loch Fyne The studied specimens come from both material loaned by belongs to A. suberitis (Stock, 1967; Gotto, 1993). various Musea and material collected by the authors. The Giesbrecht (1897) also stated the almost certain synonym studied material from The Natural History Museum of Lon- between A. echinicola and Asterocheres kervillei, a species don [BM(NH)] included: Norman`s collection, some speci- described by Canu (1898) in association with marine inverte- mens collected by Hamond in 1988 in Great Britain; and brates in France. Nevertheless, he was not convinced because those copepods from this country obtained during The Sub- of the lack of A. echinicola males (Giesbrecht 1897). Seventy Aqua Expedition in 1966 sponsored by this institution and years later, Stock studying material of both sexes of these the University of London. Furthermore, we have examined two species, concluded that they were conspeciWc with cer- material collected by Sars in Norway in 1915 and deposited tain reservations: the length of the caudal rami, the slender- in The Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo ness of the body, and the ornamentation of the urosomal (ZMO) and some specimens collected by Stock in France in somites (Stock 1967). According to this author, these diVer- 1959 which were deposited in the Zoological Museum of ences should be considered as intraspeciWc variability of the University of Amsterdam (ZMA). A. echinicola. Surprisingly, Stock in his same work utilized The material collected by Dr. López-González and one of similar characteristics—the length and shape of the siphon, the authors (MC) was found at Tarifa (Spain) in 1991 asso- the slenderness of the body, the length of the shortest seta of ciated with marine invertebrates. These invertebrates were the mandibular palp and the armature of the fourth leg—to individually collected in a plastic bag by SCUBA diving and separate A. echinicola from A. parvus Giesbrecht, 1897. immediately Wxed in formaldehyde 8–10% in seawater. Asterocheres echinicola has not only been confused with Symbiotic fauna was obtained by pouring the wash water A. suberitis and A. kervillei but also with A. parvus (Sars, through a 100 m net. The copepods were Wnally recovered 1915, Klie, 1933; Lang, 1949). Thus, Sars, who does not from the sediment retained and preserved in 70% ethanol. believe in the conspeciWty of Cyclopicera lata and Asteroc- When the dissected specimens of the asterocherid spe- heres echinicola, named his specimens of A. echinicola as cies from the diVerent musea were not suYcient to make a Ascomyzon parvum. He also named Cyclopicera lata as Asc- detailed description of some appendages, we dissected a omyzon latum and stated that the specimens of Asterocheres specimen in lactic acid, prior to staining it with Chlorazol boecki collected by Giesbrecht belong also to A. latum. It black E (Sigma® C-1144). It was then examined as tempo- was Stock (1967) who demonstrated the conspeciWty of rary mounts in lactophenol and later on, sealed with Ente- A. echinicola and A. parvus illustrated by Sars (1915) and llan as permanent mounts. This procedure was also the validity of the species Asterocheres parvus described by followed with selected specimens obtained by the authors. Giesbrecht (1897). In fact, up to the present date, the most All Wgures were drawn with the aid of a camera lucida detailed description and illustrations of A. echinicola were on a Leica DMLB diVerential interference microscope. All performed by Sars under the name of Ascomyzon parvum. appendage segments and setation elements were named and Hamond in 1968 added more confusion to the identity of numbered using the system established by Huys and Box- A. echinicola. He reported 16 specimens associated with the shall (1991). Mean body length of the copepod was mea- sponge Halichondria panicea (Pallas) collected from Norfolk sured from the anterior margin of the rostrum to the in 1959 and compared them with A. echinicola (as Ascomyzon posterior margin of the caudal rami.
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