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1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION APPENDIX 1: Data Sources The SUPPORTING INFORMATION APPENDIX 1: Data Sources The next 64 pages comprise a reference list for all literary sources given as references for trait scores and/or comments in the sFDvent raw (marked with an asterisk (*) if not then included in recommended) and/or recommended datasets (Tables S4.3 and S4.2, respectively). These references are not in alphabetical order, as the database is a ‘living’ record, so new references will be added and a new number assigned. In the recommended dataset (Table S4.2), the references are recorded according to the numbers listed below (and in Table S1.1), to ensure that citations are relatively easy for users to carry through when conducting analyses using subsets of the data, for example. If a score in the recommended dataset is supported by more than one reference, multiple reference identifiers are provided and separated by a semi-colon (;). The references are not provided as numbers / identifiers in the other versions of the dataset, as information is lost during this processing step (e.g., ‘expert opinion’, or 66, replaces comments made by experts in each reference column regarding additional observations, rationale for certainty scores, etc.), which may prove useful for some users. Other versions of the dataset thus maintain raw reference entries for transparency and as potentially useful metadata. We provide a copy of the recommended dataset without the references as numbers (Table S4.2A), in case it is easier for users to cross-reference between the two sheets to seek additional comments for a given data subset of interest. 1. Aguado, M. T., & Rouse, G. W. (2006). First record of Sphaerodoridae (Phyllodocida : Annelida) from hydrothermal vents. Zootaxa, 1383, 1 - 21. 2. Ahyong, S. T. (2009). New Species and New Records of Hydrothermal Vent Shrimps from New Zealand (Caridea: Alvinocarididae, Hippolytidae). Crustaceana, 82(7), 775 - 794. 3. *Aktipis, S. W., Boehm, E., & Giribet, G. (2011). Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta, 40(3), 238 - 259. 4. Alberti, G., & Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (2002). Ultrastructural investigations of testes and spermiogenesis in two species of halacarid mites (Halacaridae, Actinedida, Actinotrichida): Thalassarachna basteri from the Baltic Sea and Halacarellus thomasi from McMurdo Sound (Antarctica). Arthropod Structure & Development, 30(4), 315- 328. doi:10.1016/S1467-8039(02)00008-7 5. Allen, C. E., Tyler, P. A., & Van Dover, C. L. (2001). Lipid composition of the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogena pacifica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as a trophic indicator. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81(5), 817 - 821. doi:10.1017/S0025315401004647 1 6. *Allen, J. A. (1993). A new deep-water hydrothermal species of Nuculana (Bivalvia, Protobranchia) from the Guaymas Basin. Malacologia, 35(1), 141 - 151. 7. Anderson, M. E., Somerville, R., & Copley, J. T. (2016). A new species of Pachycara Zugmayer, 1911 (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from deep-sea chemosynthetic environments in the Caribbean Sea. Zootaxa, 4066(1), 71 - 77. 8. *Arellano, S. M., & Young, C. M. (2009). Spawning, development, and the duration of larval life in a deep-sea cold-seep mussel. Biological Bulletin, 216(2), 149 - 162. 9. Audzijonyte, A., Krylova, E. M., Sahling, H., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (2012). Molecular taxonomy reveals broad trans-oceanic distributions and high species diversity of deep- sea clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) in chemosynthetic environments. Systematics and Biodiversity, 10(4), 403 - 415. doi:10.1080/14772000.2012.744112 10. Ax, P. (2000). Leptostraca — Eumalacostraca. In P. Ax (Ed.), Multicellular Animals (Vol. The Phylogenetic System of the Metazoa. Volume II, pp. 161 - 162). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 11. Baba, K. (1995). A new squat lobster (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from an active thermal vent area in the North Fiji Basin, SW Pacific. Crustacean Research, 24, 188 - 193. 12. Baba, K. (2005). Deep-sea chirostylid and galatheid Crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) from the Indo-Pacific, with a list of species. Galathea Report, 20, 1 - 317. 13. Baba, K., & de Saint Laurent, M. (1992). Chirostylid and Galatheid Crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) from active thermal vent areas in the southwest Pacific. Scientia Marina, 56(4), 321 - 332. 14. Baba, K., & Türkay, M. (1992). Munida magniatennulata, a new deep sea decapod crustacean from active thermal vent areas of Valu-Fa-Ridge in the Lau Basin, SW- Pacific (Anomura: Galatheidae). Senckenbergiana Maritima, 22, 203 - 210. 15. *Baeza, J. A. (2011). Squat lobsters as symbionts and in chemo-autotrophic environments. In G. C. B. Poore, S. T. Ahyong, & J. Taylor (Eds.), The Biology of Squat Lobsters (pp. 249 - 270): CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne and CRC Press: Boca Raton. 16. *Barnard, J. L. (1954a). Amphipoda of the family Ampeliscidae collected in the Eastern Pacific Ocean by the Velero III and Velero IV. Allan Hancock Pac. Expeds., 18(1), 1 - 137. 17. *Barnard, J. L. (1954b). Marine Amphipoda of Oregon. Oregon State Monographs, 2 Studies in Zoology, 8, 1 - 103. 18. Barnard, J. L. (1960a). The amphipod family Phoxocephalidae in the eastern Pacific Ocean, with analyses of other species and notes for a revision of the family. Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 18(3), 175 - 368. 19. *Barnard, J. L. (1960b). New bathyal and sublittoral ampeliscid amphipods from California, with an illustrated key to Ampelisca. Pacific Naturalist, 1(16), 1 - 36. 20. Barnard, J. L., & Ingram, C. (1990). Lysianassoid Amphipoda (Crustacea) from deep- sea thermal vents. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 499, 1 - 80. 21. *Barnard, K. H. (1960). New species of South African marine gastropods. Journal of Conchology London, 24, 438 - 442. 22. Barry, J. P., Buck, K. R., Kochevar, R. K., Nelson, D. C., Fujiwara, Y., Goffredi, S. K., & Hashimoto, J. (2002). Methane-based symbiosis in a mussel, Bathymodiolus platifrons, from cold seeps in Sagami Bay, Japan. Invertebrate Biology, 121(1), 47 - 54. 23. Barry, J. P., Buck, K., Goffredi, S. K., & Hashimoto, J. (2000). Ultrastructure studies of two chemosynthetic invertebrate bacterial symbioses (Lamellibrachia sp. and Acharax sp.) from the Hatsushima cold seeps in Sagami Bay, Japan. Jamstec Journal of Deep Sea Research, 16, 91 -99. 24. Barry, J. P., & Kochevar, R. E. (1999). Calyptogena diagonalis, a new vesicomyid bivalve from subduction zone cold seeps in the Eastern North Pacific. The Veliger, 42(2), 117 - 123. 25. Barry, J. P., Kochevar, R. E., & Baxter, C. H. (1997). The influence of pore-water chemistry and physiology on the distribution of vesicomyid clams at cold seeps in Monterey Bay: Implications for patterns of chemosynthetic community organization. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(2), 318-328. doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.2.0318 26. *Bartels-Hardege, H. D., & Zeeck, E. (1990). Reproductive behaviour of Nereis diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta). Mar Biol, 106(3), 409 - 412. 27. Bartsch, I. (1994). Halacarid mites (Acari) from hydrothermal deep-sea sites: new records. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 35(4), 479 - 490. 28. Bates, A. E. (2007). Feeding strategy, morphological specialisation and presence of bacterial episymbionts in lepetodrilid gastropods from hydrothermal vents. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 347, 87 - 99. 3 29. Bates, A. E., Harmer, T. L., Roeselers, G., & Cavanaugh, C. M. (2011). Phylogenetic Characterization of Episymbiotic Bacteria Hosted by a Hydrothermal Vent Limpet (Lepetodrilidae, Vetigastropoda). Biological Bulletin, 220(2), 118 - 127. 30. Bates, A. E., Tunnicliffe, V., & Lee, R. W. (2005). Role of thermal conditions in habitat selection by hydrothermal vent gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 305, 1 - 15. 31. *Bayer, S. R., Mullineaux, L. S., Waller, R. G., & Solow, A. R. (2011). Reproductive traits of pioneer gastropod species colonizing deep-sea hydrothermal vents after an eruption. Marine Biology, 158(1), 181 - 192. 32. Beaulieu, S. E., Sayre-McCord, R. T., Mills, S. W., Pradillon, F., & Watanabe, H. (2015). Swimming speeds of polychaete larvae collected near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Marine Ecology, 36(Suppl. 1), 133 - 143. 33. *Beck, L. A. (1989a). Symmetromphalus hageni sp. n., a new neomphalid gastropod (Prosobranchia: Neomphalidae) from hydrothermal vents at the Manus Back-Arc Basin (Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 93(B), 243 - 257. 34. *Beck, L. A. (1989b). Two new neritacean limpets (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Neritacea: Phenacolepadidae) from active hydrothermal vents at Hydrothermal Field 1 "Wienerwald" in the Manus Back-Arc Basin (Bismarck Sea, Papua-New Guinea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 93(B), 259 - 275. 35. Beck, L. A. (1990 / 1991). Morphological and anatomical studies on a new lepetodrilacean limpet (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from hydrothermal vents at the Manus Back-Arc Basin (Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 94 / 95(B), 167 - 179. 36. Beck, L. A. (1996). Systematic position and relationship of Phymorhynchus hyfifluxi n. sp., a further new turrid gastropod species associated with hydrothermal vent sites in the north Fiji Basin. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 126, 109 - 115. 37. *Beedessee, G., Watanabe, H., Ogura, T., Nemoto, S., Yahagi, T., Nakagawa, S., . Marie, D. E. P. (2013). 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