TOLME Tales

What’s in a Name?

Jonathan Robert Tolmé Davidson © 2019 Jonathan Davidson. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author, Jonathan Davidson, at [email protected] This publication is not an article of trade. Present text with images constitutes a personal manuscript reproduced non-commercially by the author.

Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy. However, it is almost certain that new facts will be uncovered that might necessitate amendment or further elaboration. Any inaccuracies are likely to be the result of faulty source information or due to errors on the part of the author, for which he takes responsibility. Website links in this book were current at the time of writing; some may not now be functional.

ISBN 978-1-68454-949-8

Photo editing, cover design, layout and production: Words & Design, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] Printed in New Zealand by Your Books

ii This book is dedicated to my parents: Joseph Robert (né Blunschi) Davidson (1901-1946) and Mary Kathleen Tolmé (neé Overmann) Davidson (1906-1987), and my sister, Naomi Davidson (1936-2017).

iii Front and Back Cover Images

The front cover shows seven generations of the Tolmé line, in sequence as follows: David Tolmé (1753-1825), son Charles David Tolmé (1792-1872), grand- daughter Emily Tolmé (1841-1893), great-grandson Charles Tolmé Overmann (1869-1961), great-great-grand-daughter Mary Kathleen Tolmé Davidson (1906-1987), great-great-great-grandson Jonathan Robert Tolmé Davidson (born 1943), great-great-great-great-grandaughter Rebecca Tolmé Williams (born 1972). The back cover shows 21 St. Georges Square, Pimlico, London. This was the home of Charles David Tolmé from the 1860s to his death in 1872. The square was (and still is) in a fashionable area bordering on the River Thames. It is likely that Tolmé was the first resident of this home, which was designed and built by Thomas Cubitt in the 1850s. As far as can be ascertained, it is still intact as a single residence, and has not been divided up into separate apartments. In 1866, Emily Tolmé and FT Overmann’s wedding reception was held in this residence. Picture on back cover by permission of Google Maps under their Terms of Service Agreement. Accessed at www.google.com/maps

iv Contents

Acknowledgements...... ix

Introduction...... x

Part 1 The Tolme Name...... 12 Thirteen Tolme Generations: From John Tolmach to Present Times...... 16

Part 2 Ancestors of Charles David Tolmé (CDT) John Tolmach (Rory MacLeod)...... 18 James Tolme...... 18 John Tolme...... 18 William Tolme of Fortrose (c.1664 – c.1727)...... 18 David Tolme (1690-1761): Mariner, West Indies Fleet...... 19 John Tolme (c.1720-1766): Mariner, East India Company ...... 22 David Tolmé (1753-1825): Mariner, East India Company...... 24 Charles David Tolmé: Consul in Cuba and Sugar Trader...... 30

Part 3 Descendants of Charles David Tolmé Thomas Hurry (1825-1877): Sugar with Scharfenberg...... 37 Fanny Schwartz (1826-1910): A Cornucopia of Talented Children, Grandchildren and on Down the Line...... 37 Mary Hurry (1828-1885): A Castle in Germany and the Whisky-Vodka Agreement...... 50 Charles Hancock (1830-?)...... 53 Francis Carbutt (1831-1871)...... 53 Louise Garrique (1833-1875): Scottish Settler...... 53 Julian Horn (1836-1878): Acclaimed Civil Engineer...... 54 Eliza Schenley (1838-1912): Lawyers in the Family...... 54 Emily (1841-1893): Five Children and Many Descendants.... 55

v Part 4 Emily and FT Overmann’s Many Descendants and This Author’s Line...... 57

Conclusions...... 67

appendices

Appendix 1...... 69

Appendix 2...... 71

Appendix 3...... 73

vi List of Figures

1. Traditional but unofficial Tolme crest 2. Letter to HM Navy Commissioners by David Tolme (c. 1690- 1761) and Others 1742 3. Announcement of arrival from West Indies and solicitation for more business on the Abigail Transport by David Tolme, 1742 4. David Tolme’s Will, 1755 5. John Tolme Map of Seooban Bay, Island of Good Fortune, noting the location of rocks, safe anchorage and availability of food and natural resources 6. Map of Se Labba Bay with John Tolme’s signature 7. Entry Wednesday Sept 3rd, 1783 noting death of Captain Thomas Poynting and appointment of David Tolmé 8. Signature of David Tolmé at entry of diary, voyage of Resolution, June 10, 1782 to 27 August, 1783 9 Signature and final entries to log for Resolution, July 1783. 10. Portrait of David Tolmé 1753-1825 11. Mary Susannah Hurry Tolmé (1765-1834), wife of David Tolmé 12. Will of Mary Susannah Tolmé 1825 13. Charles David Tolmé 14. Charles David Tolmé in later life 15. Maria Eliza Peneke Tolmé, wife of CD Tolmé 16. Inquest into accidental death of Charles David Tolmé: Reading Mercury, March 30, 1872 17. Tolmé family grave in Highgate Cemetery as of 2018 18. Fanny Tolmé Runge, oldest daughter of CD Tolmé 19. Fanny Tolmé Runge in older age 20. Charles Ian Orr-Ewing (The Lord Orr-Ewing, O.B.E.) 21. Carl David Tolmé Runge, astronomer and mathematician 22. Fanny Runge, daughter-in-law Aimée (née du Bois Reymond) and grandchildren Aimée Louise, Bernhard and Wilhelm, in Bremen, 1905 23. Erich Trefftz, mathematician

vii 24. Members of the Scharfenberg Family in 2005 at 60th Anniversary Commemoration of the 1945 Whiskey- Vodka Agreement, which was signed in their home, Kalkhof, Wanfried, Germany 25. Emily Tolmé Overmann, youngest daughter of CD Tolmé 26. Christmas Collage of Overmann home at 34 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, made by FT Overmann, and picture of Emily Tolmé Overmann seated 27. FT and Emily Tolmé Overmann and six of their seven children, Manchester, c. 1890 28. Book cover of A Family Plantation by Charles Theodore Overman. Painting of Susan Morse by her father Samuel Finley Breeze Morse 29. The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) visiting Colt Miner’s Cottage at an Exhibition, London, 1920s 30. Announcement of Colt Clavier Auction 31. Kathleen Tolmé Davidson, Teodoro Behrens and a piano from the Colt Clavier Collection, Bethersden, Kent, c.1952 32. Naomi Davidson playing a Haschka piano, Colt Collection, 1984 33. Teatime at the Colt Collection, Mick Colt and Meg Davidson 34. Further Royal Patronage by Queen Elizabeth II. Mick Colt standing with the author beneath a Royal Warrant sign, Bethersden, Kent, 1984

viii Acknowledgements

Christian Trefftz, Georg Trefftz, Louisa Tolmé Stewart, Juliet Guillon, Pat Ellacott, Ania Elstner, Axel Horns, Nina Courant, Paul Courant, Carol and Jimi McKay, Gordon Macgregor all provided helpful responses to my inquiries, as well as requested documentary material. Staff at the British Library and Highgate Cemetery were most responsive in providing archival material. Others who offered helpful information and/or obligingly responded to my various emails include Paul Tolme, Marie Françoise Tolmé Schwartz, Denise Guepy, Kevin Tolmie and Naomi Davidson. The extensive Overmann family history in my possession, compiled by my late great uncle Florentine Theodore Overmann and uncle Theo Overman has also been of value. The following books were essential resources in preparing this account: Memorials of the Family Hurry (Thomas Hurry-Houghton), Four Sons of Skye ( James GH McKay), Die Runges (Axel Horns), Colt Houses: The History of WH Colt Son & Company Limited (Clive Kennett). Additional readings of interest include Iris Runge by Renate Tobias, Sea of Poppies by Amitrav Ghosh, which gives a revealing, albeit fictitious, account of eighteenth-century life at sea and in India around the time of David Tolmé’s service with the East India Company. Jean Sutton’s book, The East India Company’s Maritime Service 1746-1834: Masters of the Eastern Seas provides additional details of life in service of the East India Company, as seen through one family’s actual experience, which in many ways perhaps resembled the experiences of John, David and Charles Tolmé.

ix Introduction

An account is given here of one branch of the Tolme family: the line which includes Charles David Tolmé (1792-1872). Tolmé and his wife had a large family of nine children who all reached adulthood, a somewhat unusual outcome given the high rates of infant mortality in those days, not to mention the risk of tropical disease in the Caribbean, where they lived and raised their family. These children produced 39 grandchildren, who in turn had 64 great-grands and 92 great-great grandchildren (of whom I am one). There have subsequently been more generations of Tolmé descendants in this line, so the number must now be in the many hundreds. Tolmé’s children and grandchildren often “married well” as they say, and among his and his wife’s descendants is an illustrious parade of high achievers – world-renowned in some cases. The story told here is intended primarily for descendants of CD Tolmé who are interested in the names and activities of their many “Tolmé” cousins and who may be curious to know about the four-hundred-year lineage which connects them to 16th century Scottish clansmen and women, and even further back to Norse royalty one thousand years ago. In my case, a motivating factor behind this work was to establish a connection between Charles David Tolmé (CDT), about whom a certain amount was known in my family, to the documented early Scottish ancestors. Almost nothing was known to my family about CDT’s father, David Tolmé, who was born in London in 1753, but just enough was recorded to provide direction in identifying his (and our) forebears and linking them together. I wondered “who were the early Tolmes, what did they do, when and why did they leave Scotland?”, and I was largely successful in this quest. The findings are presented here. One interesting detail is the identity of the “first” Tolme, as given in McKay’s book below. As best we know, all Tolmes of Scottish origin can be traced to this person, although a cause for doubt cannot be ruled out as noted below. The account begins with some general remarks about the Tolme name and draws on the work of others on the subject. After that, a section

x outlines the family tree from the 1500s to CDT, a third part describes CDT and his wife Maria’s nine children and subsequent offspring to the present time, and part four describes the author’s line of descent from Emily Tolmé, CDT’s youngest child. While in one sense Charles David Tolmé was no more than a link in a long chain of Tolmé generations, he serves as a kind of fulchrum for reasons that become fairly clear as the narrative unfolds: his own distinguished life and its controversies, and the many children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and further who followed. It was not for nothing that 31 descendants bore Tolmé as a middle name: CD Tolmé surely cast a far-reaching shadow among his descendants when it came to choosing names. In an email to me from July 2017, Ania Elstner wrote about the decision to preserve the Tolmé name for another generation in a cousin born in Germany in 1969 – 177 years after CDT was born: I remember family discussions whether the newborn baby should be charged with the “family monster” (her brother’s term), but finally the respect of the family tradition prevailed. (As you know it is – or was – not customary in Germany to use family names as middle or Christian names).

11 Part One: The Tolme Name and 13 Generations The Tolme Name

It has been stated by James ( Jimi) G.H. McKay in Four Sons of Skye,1 that all Tolmes worldwide are descended from the grandson ( James Tolme) or great-grandson (William Tolme of Fortrose) of John Tolmach Rory MacLeod, who was born a MacLeod but dissociated himself from the MacLeod name owing to murderous acts of his father, Roderick “The Venomous” MacLeod (c. 1510-1586). The Tolmes are a recognized sept (i.e. branch) of the MacLeod clan. Over the centuries, the Tolme line has expanded into many branches in their native Scotland, in England, Germany, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. There is also a Tolme line originating in France, which has spread to the Pacific islands (New Caledonia and Tahiti) and USA. To the best of this author’s knowledge, and after having researched into the matter, the French line appears to be independent of any connection with Scotland. Despite saying this, I learned from Marie Françoise Tolmé Schwartz (email communication July 23, 2017) of the belief that her Tolme line can be traced back to Viking ancestors, as is the case with the Scottish Tolmes, making it possible that some sort of distant connection may yet exist. The Tolme name and with other spelling variants has existed in Northern France since the early 1600s. Indeed, speaking of France, another myth appears to have been exploded, in that it was tradition in my family that Tolme was actually a Huguenot name and that several Tolmes left France for Britain at the time of the Huguenot persecution. Even my genealogist uncles seemed to believe this story, yet there was no such evidence and the truth appears quite different. Who these folks were and when they left France for Britain was never even touched upon. It is also important to note that, while best evidence supports the origins of the Tolme name via John Tolmach, as described by McKay, there are records indicating existence of a John Tolmye (also spelled Tolmie) in the mid-1550s. This Tolmye was witness to the sale of land

1 Print Link, Wellington, New Zealand, 2nd Edition, 2011 (page 35),

12 to a Robert Dunbar.2 (Additionally, an Andrew Tolmi was council (“burra”) officer in Inverness in 1612.) How they fitted in to the lineage, and if they were related to John Tolmach is unknown at the present time. But based on this information, it seems likely that a Scottish Tolmie line stretches back further than John Tolmach to the early 1500s or even before that. The Tolme crest depicts a dragon, symbolizing strength and courage. The caption “Audeo” means “I dare”. The origin of this crest is unknown, but the brooch is in possession of the 12th Chieftain of the Tolmie sept, Ellis James Tolmie (see McKay, pages 28-29). Our ancestor, David Tolmé, had also used this badge to affirm his Tolme lineage. However, a word of caution is needed, since Kevin Tolmie told me (email communication August 27, 2018) that, since there was no attached coat-of-arms, the crest was likely a bogus attempt to claim nobility – a common practice at the time and perhaps not so different from the pretentious appropriation of an accented “é” in the name. Kevin Tolmie has explained to me that in 2014 “the real Tolmie crest and arms [was] matriculated by me with the Lord Lyon in 2014” and he has provided me with a copy of the crest and coat of arms.

Figure 1. Tolme Crest, as used by tradition, although unofficial. Left: From MacKenzies of Ballone by H. H. MacKenzie, 1941. Right: The Tolmie Crest, a copy of the original held by Ellis James Tolmie [Bernard and Joan Tolmie, Masterton, NZ, 2008]

2 Reference GD176 in the National Records of Scotland, papers of Mackintosh of Mackintosh).

13 Before presenting the ancestral line and biographical details, a word on spelling is in order. Tolme appears to have been the original orthography, with Tolmye and Tolmie appearing rapidly in the Scottish records. Another variant is Ptolemy, which was thought to have arisen in order to distance the name from its Gaelic origins after the Stuart rebellion in 1745. Many later generations have spelled the name as Tolmie, and this form can be found today in Scotland, Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand. In another variant, the last letter carries an acute accent as Tolmé. It is this spelling of the name that appears in my birth certificate, and those of my daughter, mother, grandfather, great-grandmother and great-great grandfather. Other cousins in this line of the family (and there were many) have spelled the name in the same manner, but there is no evidence that it connotes French ancestry. As far as I can determine, the first Tolme to spell his name in his way, was CDT’s father, the above-mentioned David Tolmé, East India Company sea captain (1753-1825), and it has been so perpetuated to the present day. What follows is drawn from personal research, with significant help of Gordon MacGregor, Carol Tolmie McKay and Jimi McKay, and with further input from the book in my possession, Memorials of the Family of Hurry.3 This research has made it possible to trace the Tolme ancestry of the “Charles David Tolmé line” back to John Tolmach, and then from pages 26-27 of Four Sons of Skye, there is a pedigree going further back from John Tolmach directly to Harold Hardrade (1015-1065), King of Norway, and Harold the Black, King of Iceland. It is thus possible to trace a lineage back to Norse royalty in the 11th century.

3 Authored by Thomas Hurry-Houghton and Margaret Hurry-Houghton, published by C. Tinling & Co, Ltd. Liverpool, 1926. This book is available on the web and in collections at the Australian National Library at http:// catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1629112, and the Royal Collection Trust at https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/1078057/memorials-of-the- family-of-hurry-of-great-yarmouth-norfolk-and-of-america . It is possible that copies can be obtained in other collections. According to Nina Courant, a copy of the book was in possession of Fanny Runge’s granddaughter, the late Mrs. Albrecht Renner of Jugenheim, near Darmstadt in the 1970s. (An electronic version was prepared by Axel Horns and can be obtained from him or from this author).

14 The focus here is twofold: firstly, to present and describe the Tolme ancestry of descendants of Charles David Tolmé (CDT) (1792- 1872). CDT was an eighth-generation descendant of John Tolmach via his (Tolmach’s) son, James Tolme, John Tolme, William Tolme, David Tolme, John Tolme, David Tolmé, to Charles David Tolmé himself. Following CDT is this author’s line of descent: five more generations comprising CDT’s youngest child Emily Tolmé (married Overmann), Charles Tolmé Overmann, Mary Kathleen Tolmé Overmann (married Davidson), Jonathan Robert Tolmé Davidson and Rebecca Tolmé Davidson (married 1st Flack, married 2nd Williams). The second goal for those interested in their Tolmé ancestry is to provide information on other descendants of Charles David Tolmé (CDT). Because of the enormity of this task, due to the large number of descendants (195 grandchildren, great- and great-greats), only a selective portrait will be provided, based on what was reasonably available to this writer. The thirteen generations down to Rebecca Tolmé Williams are briefly shown below and then elaborated upon in subsequent sections.

15 Thirteen Tolme Generations From John Tolmach to the Present Day

Common Line of All CD Tolmé Descendants John Tolmach (dates unknown: was alive in 1611; born c. 1550-1560) James Tolme (dates unknown; alive in 1640) John Tolme (dates unknown) William Tolme (oldest child – c.1664-1726 or 1727) David Tolme (sixth child – c.1690-1761) John Tolme (oldest child – c. 1720–1766) David Tolmé (oldest child – 1753-1825) Charles David Tolmé (second child – 1792-1872) [All nine of his children from Thomas to Emily described below, commencing on page 37]

This Author’s Line (only those carrying the name “Tolmé”): Emily Tolmé (Overmann) (1841-1893) Charles Tolmé Overmann (1869-1961) Mary Kathleen Tolmé Overmann (Davidson) (1906-1987) Jonathan Robert Tolmé Davidson (born 1943) Rebecca Tolmé Davidson (Flack, then Williams) (born 1972)

16 Many of the early Tolmes were engaged in business, landowning, trade, shipping and/or diplomacy. More distant Tolme cousins (siblings of those mentioned above) followed similar careers. In the 18th century five Tolmes were employed by the East India Company or the West India Fleet, and records of their service are available. In the 19th century perhaps the most noted relative was Charles David Tolmé, whose service as British Consul in Cuba is described below. As already mentioned, he and his wife Maria had nine children, 39 grandchildren, 64 great-grandchildren and 92 great- great-grandchildren. The lives and careers of the many descendants of CDT are of significant interest and very brief accounts of their achievements can be found in the Hurry book referenced above, and much more detailed descriptions in Die Runges: Daten einer deutsch- britischen Familie Einleitung in das RRT-Archiv.4 Descendants of CDT have earned distinction in many fields including physics, mathematics – an extraordinary record for these two disciplines – law, politics, military service, civil engineering, medicine, business, academic administration, agriculture, music, arts patronage and genealogy.

4 By Axel H. Horns, published privately, 2011, but available on request from Mr. Horns.

17 Part Two: Ancestors of Charles David Tolme (See appendix 1)

John Tolmach (Rory MacLeod) According to McKay, John Tolmach was recorded alive in 1611. His father lived from 1510-1586. John Tolmach was the product of his father’s second marriage and one might conjecture from the limited facts that his birth fell between around 1550 and 1560. His son James was our ancestor.

James Tolme According to Hector MacKenzie, tradition holds James Tolme to be the son of John Tolmach. James Tolme was married twice. From his first marriage to Christian Gordon there was a son, John, and daughter, Margaret. There was no issue from the second marriage. Dates are not available, but it is known from records at the Commissariat of Inverness that James was alive in 1640.

John Tolme John Tolme married Janet Fowler of Raddery. The couple had three known children and others who have not been identified. Their oldest child, William, was our ancestor. A second child, James, was a merchant in Inverness, and had four sons; members of those families emigrated to the USA, Canada and Australia.

William Tolme of Fortrose (c. 1664-1726 or 1727) William Tolme of Fortrose, oldest child of John and Janet Tolme, was born c.1664 and died in 1726 or 1727. William was a city councilor of Fortrose in 1712 and listed as an Inverness merchant in 1718. William married Margaret Speediman in 1689, and they had eight children. One of them, James Tolme, is thought to be the ancestor

18 of Dr. William Fraser Tolmie (1812-1886), a well-known pioneer and politician in the northwestern US and (what is now) British Columbia. Dr. Tolmie’s name has been given to mountains in the Pacific Northwest, to a state park, three plants (Micranthese tolmiei – saxifrage; Colochortus tolmiei - Star tulip; Allium tolmiei – Tolmie onion), a bird (MacGillivray’s warbler - Oporornis tolmiei), a street in Vancouver and the Tolmie Channel, to name a few. Tolmie’s son, Dr. Simon Fraser Tolmie (1867-1937), became 21st premier of British Columbia. William and Margaret’s sixth child, David Tolme, is ancestor to the line described here.

David Tolme (c. 1690-1761) Raised in the Inverness area, David Tolme was a merchant and mariner in the West India fleet. He married Isabella McIver and had two children. Isabella was named executrix of his will on 7th January 1755. Little is known about David Tolme, except for the following incident. In 1729 David Tolmie, who was Master of the ship Mary of Inverness, was returning from a voyage to Virginia with a cargo of tobacco, which he and his mate, David Robertson, sold in Ireland instead of delivering it to the contracted individuals in Inverness, baillie William McKay and Company, William Fraser and Thomas Alves, merchants of that city. The three took out a petition against Tolmie and Robertson, which can be found in the Scottish Admiralty Records.5 It is not clear what happened, and if the parties settled the case. From discussions I had with Gordon McGregor, this event might have had important consequences in the life of David Tolme, who continued to serve in the West India fleet as Captain of the Duke of York, dying of a fever off the coast of Guadeloupe in late May 1761 at a relatively advanced age for that time. However, he seems to have disappeared from the Inverness scene and settled in Rotherhithe (“Redriff ”), London. Is it possible that David Tolme had become persona non grata in Inverness? Could his behavior have alienated him from his family in Scotland? Or was it just a business-based decision that had nothing to do with his problems?

5 (File AC10/151), American Data from the Records of the High Court of the Admiralty of Scotland 1675-1800. David Dobson. Baltimore, MD: Clearfield Press, 2006, page 41.

19 I was able to obtain copy of letters written in 1742 by David Tolme to the Navy, announcing his arrival at The Downs and readiness to receive orders for the Abigail Transport. He had arrived on a ship named Leo and noted that one ship in the transport, the Micklewell, had not arrived. The documents are shown below:

Figure 2. Letters to HM Navy Commissioners by David Tolme and others, 1742

Figure 3. Announcement of arrival from West Indies and solicitation for more business on the Abigail Transport by David Tolme

20 David and Isabella Tolme’s firstborn, John Tolme, was ancestor in this line. Their second born, a daughter, married a Watts, and her daughter, Tolme Rose Watts, was named chief beneficiary of her grandfather David Tolme’s will, making it curious why David’s son, John, was excluded. There is a hint at differences in religion, for John and his in-laws were non-conformists (Dissenters), which explains why his infant daughter was buried in Bunhill Fields, a cemetery where William Blake, John Bunyan and Daniel Defoe were all buried. David was Presbyterian. Alternatively, David may have considered that, with his son being well established, his granddaughter was in greater need. It is interesting to note that his bequests to Isabella include real and personal estate in England, Scotland and elsewhere, suggesting that he owned assets or property in Scotland and perhaps overseas. Therefore, when he left Inverness for London, he may yet have carried on business with his home town, even though other sources such as Jimi McKay and Hector Hugh Mackenzie have nothing to say about this.

Figure 4. David Tolme’s Will, 1755

21 John Tolme (c. 1720 – 1766) John Tolme was oldest son of David and Isabella Tolme. (Date of birth unknown – presumed between 1715-1725; died 17th August, 1766). In 1752 he married Hannah Dale, daughter of Charles Dale, a timber merchant. The Dales were a family of means, living in St. James, Westminster, and any Dale daughter would likely marry a husband who was also well off financially. John Tolme took after his father in going to sea but served with the East India Company (EIC). He sailed on the Pollard and is recorded as first mate on Prince Henry (2) in 1758-9, then as first mate with the Royal George (2) 1760-1761, and 1764-1765. Maps and charts made by John Tolme from his voyages to Asia are available from the British Library.6 The Royal George is mentioned in Jean Sutton’s book, The East India Company’s Maritime Service 1746-1834,7 as carrying the famous Robert Clive (later Lord Clive, Governor and Commander in Chief of Bengal) back home from India on that voyage. As a senior officer, John Tolme might well have interacted with Clive during the months at sea. Of additional interest concerning John Tolme and the Royal George is the following blog posted by Professor Huw Bowen January 9, 2012.8 Bowen notes that a less well-known aspect of EIC sailings was for the transportation of slaves, and that the last EIC voyage of this type was on the Royal George in 1765, for the purpose of taking on board 236 slaves from Cabinda for delivery at St. Helena and Bengkulu in Sumatra. The Captain was paid £177 commission and the first mate, John Tolme, £59. Cartography was a critical function for the Company, since many islands and shoals on the shipping routes were unidentified and therefore posed significant hazard. In addition, the potential natural assets and resources of such places could be noted by the mapmaker, as in the two examples of John Tolme’s work in Sumatra below.

6 (Refs MS38076 – D 95, D 96, D 97, D 98, D 99, D 100). 7 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2010, page 86. 8 blogs.bl.uk/untoldlives/2012/01/the-east-india-company-slaving- voyage-of-nicholas-skottowe.html

22 Figure 5. John Tolme Map of Seooban Bay, Island of Good Fortune, noting the location of rocks, safe anchorage and availability of food and natural resources

John and Hannah Tolme had three children, David (ancestor), Charles and a daughter who died young. Both sons were employed in the East India Company.

23 Figure 6. Map of Se Labba Bay with John Tolme’s signature

David Tolmé (1753-1825) David Tolmé was born in London and joined the East India Company at an early age, becoming seaman on the Neptune before 1767, at the age of 14. He sailed to Lisbon on this boat. In 1767/8, he was seaman on Harcourt (2), then midshipman on the Resolution (3) 1769/70, 4th mate on Prince of Wales (4) 1771/2 (with note “approved 26 Dec 1771, aged 20”), 2nd mate Farley to Gibraltar and Antigua, 2nd mate Chapman 1780/1, transferred to Resolution (3) as 1st mate, June

24 1782, then Captain (or Commander). He was Captain of Marquis of Lansdown 1786/7 (the year of his marriage) and 1789/90. David Tolmé spent 23 years in the employ of the Honorable Company, as the East India Company was known, and retired from service at the age of 37, having become quite wealthy. David Tolmé’s diaries from voyages on the Marquis of Lansdown and Resolution are at the British Library9 ) and make for interesting reading. Life as a mariner in the East India Company was anything but easy, although rewards were there for the taking, and it seems David Tolmé emerged well from his service, retiring to a comfortable life in Great Yarmouth. Captains were entitled to private trading options in addition to obligatory company trading and could make enormous profits from such privileges. A captain who managed his money well could afford to retire comfortably after only three or four voyages, or set himself up as a ship owner or banker. Ship logs kept by David Tolmé record such things as bearings, speed, wind strength, rain, condition of the sea (e.g. “a prodigious sea”, “confused swell”), leaks on board, concerns about rotting wood, needed repairs, putting into port for repairs, loading or unloading cargo and contact with East India company officials on shore. In addition to ship maintenance and repair there were personnel matters to deal with. Sickness (e.g. scurvy and “dangerous flux”), injury and deaths or men overboard were not uncommon. In his log for the Marquis of Lansdown’s second voyage, seven of the 96 crew died during the journey, a job-related fatality rate of 7.3% over a two-year period. Higher mortality sometimes occurred on other voyages, e.g. when there was an outbreak of “flux”. On John Tolme’s 1765 voyage of the Royal George described above, 21 of 77 crew members died. At times the Captain had to take disciplinary actions against crew for insubordination or assault, which resulted in lock-up or chains. Then there was the ever-present concern against impressment of crew to other ships, and problem of crew, specially the Lascars, running away when in port. Records were also entered concerning Captain Tolmé’s private trades (e.g. rattan, tea). On the 1782-3 Resolution voyage while in India, the original Captain died on 27th August, and Tolmé, who was at the time

9 (refs IOR/MAR/B/373A; IOR/MAR/B/373B and IOR/MAR/B/466E.

25 Chief Mate, travelled with the deceased’s body to Calcutta, where a funeral was held to the accompaniment of a 55-gun salute, and where Tolmé was appointed to the captaincy by the Governor and Council of Calcutta. This is shown below.

Figure 7. Entry Wednesday Sept 3rd, 1783 noting death of Captain Thomas Poynting and appointment of David Tolmé

Two illustrations below include Tolmé’s signature, and some comments on damaged cargo and delivery of the remaining saltpetre.

Figure 8. Signature of David Tolmé at entry of diary, voyage of Resolution, June 10, 1782 to 27 August, 1783

26 Figure 9. Signature and final entries to log for Resolution, July 1783

There was an ever-present danger of attack by enemy shipping. David Tolmé experienced such an incident as 2nd mate of Chapman on 16th April 1781, when a French squadron attacked an EIC convoy under the command of Commodore George Johnstone, at São Tiago. Both fleets were on the way to South Africa: the French with the intent of supporting the Dutch colony there, and the British with the intent of capturing it. Both fleets Figure 10. Portrait of David Tolmé 1753- were at anchor in the Cape 1825 (Courtesy Georg Trefftz. Original Verde Islands when the sources and dates unknown)

27 French ships attacked the EIC convoy, at what is known as the Battle of Porto Praya. The outcome was essentially a draw, although the French ships sustained greater damage. However, they beat the EIC convoy to the Dutch colony and thereby saved it from British capture. Chapman continued its journey to Madras and Negapatam, then returned home via St. Helena and arrived at the Downs on March 9th 1782. The full history of this ship and its unusually long life can be accessed at Wikipedia. At the time of Tolmé’s service, it was a hired armed vessel primarily for the escort of convoys, as in the Porto Praya incident. In 1786, Captain David Tolmé married Mary Susannah Hurry in Great Yarmouth. She was descended from a family of shipbuilders and traders in Yarmouth, Liverpool and, later, Philadelphia. Upon returning to England, Tolmé took an active role in promoting the volunteer military, holding rank from 1805 as Major in the Yarmouth Volunteers. He died at their Hurry family home in Great Yarmouth in 1825 at the age of 72. Shortly after her husband’s death, Mary made a will, which is shown below, in which she bequeathed the sum of £4,000 to Charles David Tolmé and her two sons-in-law George Hurry and Thomas Jackson Millington. An allowance of 2 shillings a week was left for Susan Carter, a former servant. Besides leaving to her beneficiaries the £4,000 inheritance from a Hurry cousin, Mary left all her other money, securities, goods and possessions to the three named beneficiaries. All told, this must have amounted to a substantial sum and would certainly have set up Charles David Figure 11. Mary Susannah Hurry Tolmé Tolmé most comfortably. (1765-1834), wife of David Tolmé

28 A sum of £4,000 at the time would translate into around £400,000 in today’s terms. In addition to that would be his share of David’s estate.

Figure 12. Will of Mary Susannah Tolmé 1825

David Tolmé had a younger brother Charles (born 1755), who also served with the East India Company, as midshipman on Bridgewater in 1769/1770, Earl of Lincoln 1771/1772, seaman brig two voyages to Lisbon, Salisbury (2) 1774/1775, Alfred (1) 1776/1777, 5th Mate Alfred (1) 1778/1779, 1st Mate Kent (5) 1781/1782, and was “approved” on 28th August 1781. As an indication of additional dangers associated with an EIC career is the following incident to the Bridgewater in 1779, some ten years after Charles Tolme’s crew service on the ship. On 8th March 1779 this ship was attacked off Brest by theHampden , an American privateer. The Bridgewater successfully repelled the attack, killing 20 of the Hampden’s crew in the fracas including its Captain, and inflicted serious damage to the ship. The incident has been painted by Francis Holman. Life could indeed be dangerous at sea. David and Susannah had six children. Charles David Tolmé (1792- 1872), their second born, is our ancestor.

29 Charles David Tolmé (CDT) (1792-1872)

Perhaps the most interesting individual in this account, and a kind of pivotal paterfamilias figure here, Charles David Tolmé not only had a distinguished and at times controversial career, but he and his wife were highly procreative, having nine children over a fifteen- year period. All nine lived into adulthood and most then married and produced many offspring, such that Charles and his wife were grandparents to 39, great- grandparents to 64 and great-great-grandparents to 92 descendants. Once the Tolmés left Cuba and returned to England, their Figure 13. Image of Charles David Tolmé, as per my personal copy of Memorials of the children dispersed either Family Hurry 9a to the United Kingdom or Germany and made 9a The subject is identified as David Tolmé, their marks in both of CDT’s father, in another original copy of the book in possession of a family member. It is those countries (see Hurry not known on what evidence this change was and Horns books op cit). made, but someone had made a handwritten Although Charles David alteration. The reason behind this is unclear, Tolmé lived to almost 80 but from likeness to image of CDT in later life years, the traumatic manner below, I believe this to be, in fact, CDT and not his father. The attachment of his signature of his death was unknown to would seem to lend further evidence.)

30 the author (and presumably other descendants) until the research here was undertaken. CDT was born in Kennington, London on 11th April 1792. At the age of 21 he was commissioned on May 21, 1813 as an Ensign in the 3rd Eastern Regiment of the Norfolk Local Militia, by the Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk.10 As a member of the Militia, he was liable to be called Figure 14. Charles David Tolmé in later life. up for service at least as far (Source Georg Trefftz. Original date and away as Ireland, but details source unknown) of his activities have not been found. One might note that in 1813, the country would have been in a state of military alert, as this was the time of the Napoleonic Wars. Tolmé left England as a young adult, settling in Hamburg, where a Hurry cousin was already residing. While there he married Maria Eliza Peneke on 12th May 1824. Peneke was the widow of a “well-known” Hamburg attorney. On August 10, 1827, Tolmé was appointed US Vice-Consul

Figure 15. Maria Eliza Peneke Tolmé, wife 10 (London Gazette, Dec. 29, of CD Tolme (By courtesy of Axel Horns, 1812 – June 29, 1813, page Die Runges) 1051).

31 in Hamburg, a position he held until 1831, when he and his family left for Cuba to assume the office of British Vice-Consul. It is not clear how or why Tolmé was appointed as American Vice-Consul, but in the opinion of my cousin Georg Trefftz, it may be that his language skills and other qualities appealed to the previous consul, an American, Mr. Cuthbert, who could have been a friend. No prior connections with America have been noted in the family records. The first four Tolmé children were born in Hamburg. In 1831 the family sailed for Havana, Cuba, and their fifth child was born during that voyage. The remaining four children were born in Havana between 1833 and 1841. Charles David Tolmé became a prominent and successful member of the British expatriate community in Havana and prospered in the sugar business as property owner and sugar merchant. Although the family traditions correctly describe him as British Consul between about 1833 and 1840, until this chapter was prepared, no mention in family records was made about the circumstances of his removal in 1840 by Lord Palmerston for failing to support British efforts to suppress the Caribbean slave trade. After slavery had been banned in British Caribbean territories, many slave-owners moved their activities and enslaved labor to Cuba, where it was still legal under the Spanish crown. However, the slave trade was illegal and the British government was committed to ensuring its citizens stopped the practice wherever they lived. It was the opinion of Palmerston and others, including officials in Cuba, that Tolmé was conniving with, or at least making little effort to stop this practice.11 Tolmé was also a pivotal player in an unsavory episode in Cuban history whereby, in 1848, over 2000 Mexican prisoners from the Caste Wars were sent to Cuba, where they were lead to expect better lives. In reality, they were used as cheap labor under harsh conditions, and most died after a short time. Much profit was to be made in the trading of these individuals to plantation owners (See Curry-Machado op cit). Another of Tolmé’s ventures was the formation of a partnership with an Irish settler, Jaime Lawton, of a business and banking concern in 1848.

11 Jonathan Curry-Machado. How Cuba burned with the Ghosts of British slavery: Race, abolition and the Escalera. Slavery and Abolition. 2004 (April): 25; 1, 71-93).

32 In this, Tolmé was the junior partner; the business continued under the Lawton family well into the 20th century. Good descriptions of the social life of the Tolmé and other families in 19th century Cuba are provided by Martinez-Fernandez.12 Tolmé remained in Cuba until around 1851, and on January 1, 1855, his oldest child Thomas Hurry Tolmé established a partnership there with his brother-in-law, Karl Scharfenberg, under the name of Scharfenberg, Tolmé & Co, the island’s largest sugar merchants, at a time when Cuba produced 25% of the world’s sugar. The company was still in existence in 1873. Charles David Tolmé had been associated with the Scharfenberg family since 1838 as Havana agent for the House of Rothschild.13 CDT acted for NM Rothschild as agent, along with Francisco de Goyri y Beazcoechea. After Goyri arrived in Havana, Tolmé made over to him much of the property he had held for NMR (www.rothschildarchive.org). Another of Tolmé’s sons, Francis, was employed in the company and a daughter, Mary Tolmé, married the above-named and many years older Karl Scharfenberg (1813-1890) in 1847. In 1837, Tolmé experienced financial reverses and became insolvent: he was unable to cover financial obligations to the Rothschilds regarding his haciendas at St. George and Cardenas. Although a liquidating committee was set up, the Rothschilds had still not recovered their money by 1848.14 Tolmé and most of his family left Cuba and returned to London, ultimately buying property at 21 St. George’s Square, Belgravia. He was listed as a “retired merchant” in the 1861 census, living at 20 Queens Square, London, along with Mary Scharfenberg (his 32-year old daughter) and her then 48-year old husband Charles Scharfenberg, and their son Charles Scharfenberg Jr, aged 11.

12 Luis Menendez-Fernandez. Fighting Slavery in the Caribbean: The Life and Times of a British Family in the Nineteenth Century Havana. New York; ME Sharpe, 1998. 13 Lopez-Morell MA, O’Kean JM. The Rothschild House Network in Spain….RePEc. January 2006. Working Paper Economics 06.32. Department of Economics, University of Pablo Oviande. 14 See Adrian B. Leonard and David Pretel. The Caribbean and Atlantic World Economy. 2015. London. Palgrave Macmillan.

33 In the mid-1860s Tolmé and his youngest daughter travelled to Germany, for it was in Wiesbaden that Emily Tolmé met the recently widowered Florentine Theodore Overmann Sr. The years of 1865 and 1866 saw considerable activity in a now aging Charles David Tolmé’s domestic life. His wife, Maria Eliza (née Peneke) died in London, 23rd March, 1865. On 17th January, 1866, Emily Tolmé’s wedding to FT Overmann was celebrated at Charles David Tolmé’s Belgravia/Pimlico home in London. Later that year, on May 7th, 1866, Charles married Eliza Gibson (née Goodeve). He died under tragic circumstances at his home, 23rd March, 1872, in his 80th year. It appears that for some years prior to CD Tolmé’s death, according to Tolmé’s son, Julian, his father had been experiencing seizures. On March 23rd, his housemaid Emma Green brought up a morning cup of coffee at 7.30 am and lit the fire in his bedroom. Later, on checking with him again, she found him lying in the fire unconscious and with his clothes burning. The doctor (Dr. Pearse) arrived by 9.00am, by which time Tolmé had regained consciousness, but was badly burned from the waist upward. At noon he became comatose and died in the evening from burns. An inquest was held on 28th March, with a verdict being reached of accidental death from burning due to an epileptic fit. C.D.Tolmé was buried in the family vault at Highgate Cemetery (West) in London. The vault remains to this day in excellent condition and a photograph taken in 2018 is inserted below. Six members of the family were buried there: Maria Eliza (nee Peneke), Charles David, Thomas Hurry, Eliza (nee Carbutt), Julian Figure 16. Inquest into acccidental death of Charles Horn Tolmé, and David Tolmé: Reading Mercury, March 30, 1872 a nephew of CDT,

34 Charles Tolmé Hurry. The last burial occurred in 1923, and the grave remains in the registered ownership of the Blyth and Runge families, who were executors.

Figure 17. Tolmé family grave in Highgate Cemetery as of 2018

Tolmé’s second wife died in 1874, at the age of 77. None of Tolmé’s male grandsons produced male heirs, so that the Tolmé name in this ancestral line now lives on only as a middle name through the children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and beyond. At least 31 descendants of Charles David Tolmé have carried Tolmé as a middle name over a 160 year period stretching from the 1850s to 2010s. This seems a large number and attests either to the affection which he inspired in those who knew him, or to his extensive influence. Although CDT was four generations removed from this author, he

35 was my grandfather’s godfather, and the fact that I do have clear memories of my grandfather seems to draw this multi-generational distance a little closer, as if they formed three connecting links in a chain, rather than the five actual generations.

36 Part Three: Descendants of Charles David and Maria Peneke Tolmé (See Appendices 2 and 3)

Charles David and Maria Tolmé’s nine children and descendants are described. These nine children are shown in Appendix 2. Subsequent generations down to the present day are shown in Appendix 3.

Thomas Hurry Tolmé (1825-1877), the firstborn established a sugar trading business with Karl Scharfenberg, under the name of Scharfenberg, Tolmé & Co. Among other things, this company was the principal Cuban agent for the House of Rothschild, and in the Rothschild archives there is substantial correspondence between Tolmé and Rothschild. Thomas Tolmé married Elisa Carbutt and they had three children. Their oldest child, Louisa Tolmé (1853-1926), married a doctor, William Maccall, who practiced in the Manchester area. Louisa and William’s oldest child, William Tolmé Maccall (1878-1969) obtained a degree in engineering, then taught on the faculty at Victoria University, Manchester, later moving to London where from 1904 he served as first assistant in electrical engineering at the Woolwich Polytech. He authored Continuous Current Electrical Engineering in 1920 and Alternating Current in Electrical Engineering, published in 1924 by University Tutorial Press. Among other things, his work has been of relevance to the issue of railway electrification. He was also a committee member of the Simplified Spelling Society of England in the 1940s. Thomas and Eliza Tolmé had a second child, Charles David Tolmé (1856-1918), who died unmarried, the last male to carry the Tolmé name in this particular branch of the family.

Fanny Schwartz Tolmé (Runge) (1826-1910), Charles David and Maria Tolmé’s second child, deserves to be the subject of a separate book. In 1846 she married Julius Runge (1813-1864) and, like her parents, she and Julius had nine children, followed in due course by 34

37 grands and 53 great-grandchildren, to many of whom she remained close. A number of her descendants achieved remarkable success in their lives, with at least three lines of descent producing individuals who reached rare heights in the world of mathematics, physics and electrical engineering, to be described shortly. Others made a name as writers, diplomats, captains of business and physicians. Photographs of Fanny appear below. I have copies of Fanny’s Tagebuch, or diary, written in the first year of her marriage to Julius, while they were still in Cuba: this diary recounts many aspects of daily family life and makes note of my great-grandmother Emily, who was 15 years younger. I also have copy of a November 1851 letter written, probably from Hamburg, to her parents just after the Tolmés had returned to England. In the letter, Fanny asks her parents to point out the picture of them at the Crystal Palace, which apparently had been included in the Illustrated London News coverage of the 1851 Great Exhibition. Fanny and Julius Runge’s children, and many (but not all) of their offspring and subsequent descendants will now be described.

Figure 18. Photograph of Fanny Figure 19. Fanny Tolmé Runge in Tolmé Runge in younger years older age. (Courtesy Georg Trefftz) (Source, Georg Trefftz. Original source and date not known)

38 Hermann Charles Runge, Fanny and Julius’ oldest child, (1847-1925) married Emma Philippi. Fanny Runge (1876-?), Herman and Emma’s second child (i.e. grandchild of Fanny and Julius), married Henry Charles Dickens (1878-1966, grandson of Charles Dickens), whose fifth child, Monica Dickens (1915-1992) became a well-known novelist and founded the Samaritans organization in the US. Monica wrote for adults and children, as well as writing an autobiography, An Open Book. She was among the top two or three best-selling women writers of her generation. There is an informative and illustrated section on her and the Dickens family in Axel Horns’ book Die Runges. Julius Joseph Runge (1879-1935), Hermann Charles and Emma Runge’s third child, and grandchild of Fanny and Julius, became a director of Tate and Lyle, the British sugar conglomerate. His wife, Norah Cecil (née Hasluck) Runge (1884-1978) was Conservative Member of Parliament for Bermondsey and Rotherhithe (London) between 1931 and 1935. She had previously earned an OBE for services rendered in WWI, by establishing and overseeing the Soldiers and Sailors Free Buffet at Paddington Station. After the death of her husband in 1935, Norah married Thomas Arthur Ross, MB, BS, FRCP, an eminent psychiatrist of his time. Norah served on the Board of Governors of the Bethlem and Maudsley Hospital, which for many generations has been regarded as the leading center of psychiatric training in the United Kingdom. Julius Joseph and Norah Runge had four children (i.e. great-grandchildren of Fanny and Julius), one of whom was knighted for his services to industry: Sir Peter Francis Runge (1909-1970). He too was a director of Tate & Lyle, as well as vice-president of the Confederation of British Industry and Chairman of the government-sponsored British National Export

39 council. His portrait hangs in the National Gallery in London. A daughter of Julius and Norah, Margaret Runge (1911-1979), married into the aristocracy in 1936 and later became Lady Drumalbyn. Her husband, Niall Macpherson (Lord Drumalbyn) served in the Conservative cabinets of the Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home governments in the 1960s. Julius and Norah had a second son, John Charles (born 1914). His occupation is unknown to the author, but record exists of a Charles Runge (born 1943 or 1944 and possibly a grandson of Julius Runge) who was appointed managing director of Tate & Lyle transport in 1976 and was still with the company in 1983, so it appears very possible that the Runges maintained an influence in the sugar business late into the 20th century. For further comments on the sugar business activities of Tolmé and Runge, the following is of interest: Charles David Tolmé died in 1872, followed by his sons Thomas and Julian in 1877 and 1878 respectively, and his grandson (Thomas’ son) Charles David in 1918. The name continued to be represented in the sugar brokering firm of Tolmé, Runge & Co., which operated from London until at least the 1920s. By that time, the board of directors consisted of Herman, Julius and Richard Runge, and no Tolmé, although that name was still on the flag. I have not been able to discover which Tolmé was referred to in the name of the English business. In a diary by Anna Eliza Trefftz (nee Runge), which is in this author’s possession, the diarist refers to her English “Onkel Tom” Tolmé who died young, but this could not have been Thomas Tolmé Runge who lived until the late 1920s and was partner in the German company and not the English one. It is possibly Thomas Hurry Tolme, according to Axel Horns, although he died in 1878. Tolme and Runge was the largest sugar dealer in London, but the firm suffered in WWI: seventeen ships carrying their sugar were sunk in the Baltic Sea by enemy action. Despite having sufficient credit to compensate for the enormous loss, the company wound up business and the family fortune was saved, being passed on to Julius “Jay” Runge.

40 There are several interesting references on the internet to the firm, including some lawsuits and an episode during World War I (1915) in which a hostile British parliamentary enquiry took place over the matter of a “German” being involved in selling sugar to British people. This “German” was Richard Runge, the company’s representative in Hamburg. When it was established that all the Runges were in fact British citizens, the enquiry seems to have fizzled out. Details of this event are accessible at the following link: https://www.google.com/#q=tolme&start=20&spf=1495674066571 JAGER v. TOLME AND RUNGE ( JUDGMENT). (Hansard, 29 February ... Another enquiry in 1922, the Lamborn Sugar Resolution Hearings of a special agriculture committee of the US House of Representatives, referred to Julius Runge as “the master mind of raw sugar in England….. [one of ] the greatest men in their business in that country,” along with Sir Robert Park Lyle of Tate & Lyle. Gertrude Bertha Runge (1887-1974), was the fifth child of Herman Charles and Emma (Phillipi) Runge (i.e. grandchild of Fanny and Julius) In 1911, she married Archibald Orr-Ewing, a sugar merchant. Their son and first child (great-grandchild of Fanny and Julius), Charles Ian Orr-Ewing (1912-1999) obtained a degree in physics from Oxford University and, at the age of 22 entered employment at EMI where, the same year, he was one of three employees to develop the first production TV set. Orr-Ewing also conducted important pioneer work in the development of radar. He then worked at the BBC until 1939, when he joined the RAF volunteer reserve. In 1945, he was appointed General Eisenhower’s Chief of Radar. After the end of World War II, he returned to the BBC then entered politics in 1950, when he won election as Conservative MP for Hendon North, which he served for the next four elections. As a politician he reached heights in the party, serving as Secretary of State for Air, and then as Vice-chair of the Defense committee, eventually being rewarded with the title of Lord Orr-

41 Ewing in 1963 and a life peerage in 1971. He was a keen cricketer and skier, authoring A Celebration of Lords and Commons Cricket 1850-1988, and founded the Lords and Commons Ski Club, which held annual competitions against Swiss parliamentarians. Orr- Ewing won this contest in 1965. His picture below.

Figure 20. Charles Ian Orr-Ewing (The Lord Orr-Ewing, O.B.E.) © National Portrait Gallery, London. Ref NPG X171061. With permission

Anna Fanny Jones Runge (1854-?) the fourth child (second daughter) of Julius and Fanny Runge, married Gustav Adolf Schröder (1847-1916) of Bremen, who became a founding director of the Rio Tinto Company, formed in London in the 1870s for mining copper in Spain. Today the company is one of the largest mining conglomerates in the world. There were no children of this marriage. Charles (“Carl”) David Tolmé Runge (1856-1927), the fifth child of Julius and Fanny Runge, became a world- renowned mathematician and astronomer and was Professor of Mathematics at Göttingen University.

42 Figure 21. Carl David Tolmé Runge (With permission. Copyright, The Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach gGmbH (MFO))

A lunar crater is named after Runge and his name has been perpetuated in the Runge-Kutta Method for numerical solutions of differential equations. Among Runge’s friends were Max Planck and Lord Rayleigh. One of Runge’s students, Max Born, later won the Nobel Prize (as well as having a well- known grand-daughter, the Anglo-Australian singer Olivia Newton-John). Runge married Aimée du Bois Reymond, daughter of one of Europe’s most famous physiologists, and they had six children: four daughters, Iris, Ella, Nerina (“Nina”), Aimée Louise, and two sons Wilhelm Tolmé and Bernhard. Iris (1888-1966) was Professor of Mathematics at Humboldt University and became famous for her

43 Figure 22. Fanny Runge, daughter-in-law Aimée (née du Bois Reymond) and grandchildren Aimée Louise, Bernhard and Wilhelm Tolmé, in Bremen, 1905. (Source: Die Runges by Axel Horns)

work in electrical engineering and mathematics. She is the subject of a biography which gives an account of the family, their values and the company they kept.15 Nina Runge (1893-1991) studied the violin, married Richard Courant (1888-1972), who also became a world-renowned mathematician. In 1933, the couple fled Germany, when Richard had to give up his professorship in Göttingen on account of his Jewish heritage. Nina and Richard had several children, of whom one, Ernest Courant (born 1920) was a particle physicist and another, Hans Courant (born 1924) worked on the Manhattan project. Hans Courant studied cosmic rays and cloud chambers for his doctoral thesis and spent much of his career as Professor at the University of Minnesota, as well as some years in Europe including time at CERN. Ernest Courant has been described as “father of modern particle accelerators” and has received

15 See Renate Tobies. Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science and Industry. Basel. Springer Verlag, 2012, pages 28 and others).

44 many distinctions for his work in physics, including appointment as Distinguished Scientist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. A son of Ernest and Sara Courant, Paul Noah Courant (born 1948) obtained a PhD in economics from Princeton, and later served as Provost, Executive Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Dean of Libraries and Chief Budget Officer of the University of Michigan. He is the author of several books. Under his administration the university worked out a cooperative agreement with Google to digitize the entire university library contents. Paul Courant has two children (Ernest and Noah) by his first wife, Katherine Johnson and one (Samuel) by his second wife, Marta Manildi. Carl Richard Courant (born 1951) is the second son of Ernest and Sara Courant, and has worked as Senior Analyst at the New York Power Authority, conducting analyses and forecasts of energy markets to plan large- scale purchases of power for use by the Authority’s customers. Both brothers are gifted musicians. At the time of corresponding with this author, Nina Courant had 10 grandchildren and one great-grandson. As to Charles and Aimee’s two sons, Bernhard Runge (born 1897) was killed in Flanders in 1914 at the age of 17. He was described by Constance Reid in her book Courant (page 65) as precociously gifted. Wilhelm Tolmé Runge (1895-1987), like his sister Iris, his father and English cousin Ian Orr-Ewing, became a distinguished scientist, and is well known for his work at Telefunken where, in the 1930s, he developed high-frequency transmitters as part of the company’s program in radio-based detection technology. This work resulted in the ability to detect aircraft at a distance of several miles. A curious counterpoint therefore existed between two cousins (Runge and Orr-Ewing) working independently on the early development of radar before and during World War II, one in Germany and the other in England.

45 At the time of his retirement in 1963, Runge was director of the Telefunken Research Institute in Ulm. Wilhelm Tolme Rungé is shown as a young boy with his mother and grandmother in Bremen on the right of Figure 22 above. There is also an excellent photograph of him in later life in Die Runges, Axel Horns’ book, on page 43. Wilhelm Runge married Maria Voelckel in 1925, and they had three children, Bernhard Tolmé Runge (1926-1953), who qualified as a medical doctor but died young as the result of a climbing accident; Eric Otto Runge (1928-1991), an engineer with Standard Elektrik Lorenz (later Lucent and Nokia), and Anna Maria Runge (married Elstner) (born 1934). Eric Otto and his wife Marianne Schmidt-Brücken, had four children, Götz Bernhard Tolmé Runge (born 1969), a computer specialist with IBM and Audi, living in Stuttgart; Anette Runge (married Evers) (born 1971) a social worker, Carl Matthias Runge (born 1973), an engineer with Siemens, and Carola Ulrike Runge (born 1977), a physical therapist living in Berlin. (For more biographical information on Carl David Tolmé Runge, this link is recommended: http://www- history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Runge. html. ) These brief sketches by JJ O’Connor and EF Robertson, which are taken from other sources referenced in their article, bring Runge to life, as follows: There was strong British element in his upbringing, particularly an emphasis upon sport, self-reliance, and fair play that, in combination with the civic traditions of the Hanseatic town, influenced his political and social view (which lead him to) open opposition to the annexations during World War I and membership of the Democratic Party afterwards.

46 Runge was also an early, and uncommon, advocate of further education for women. The account states: Runge – tall, lean with a large finely sculptured head – had developed exceptional skill as an ice skater in his youth; and in Berlin in the early 1880s when that activity was becoming extremely fashionable, he cut a striking figure. Then further, Runge’s home at Hannover…will never be forgotten by those who had the privilege of entering it. The family cultivated many sciences and arts. Runge himself played the piano and he and his children would often render musical classics such as the “Matthäus Passion”. Runge was a man of affairs and great personal charm. He was fond of all kinds of sports and practiced bicycling, gymnastics, and swimming. At Hannover he used to ride his bicycle a distance of about eight kilometres from his house to the Technische Hochschule four times a day. In all his activities he placed scientific things foremost and was willing to sacrifice everything to their advancement. One is left with the feeling of a true renaissance man as well as a caring human being, and it is no surprise that his children achieved high distinction too. In a 1974 letter to this author, Louise (“Lulu”) Tolmé Stewart (Carl Runge’s niece and granddaughter of Louise Tolmé) recalled two years’ living with them in Göttingen, while her parents were in India. They were “very happy” times and she mentioned that Nina taught her music. Thomas Richard Tolmé Runge (1860-1929) was the seventh child of Julius and Fanny. He became a partner of Runge, Baemeister and Co. sugar brokerage firm in Hamburg. Anna Eliza Runge (1863-1954) was the last born of Fanny and Julius’ nine children. In 1883 she married Oscar Trefftz (1847- c. 1908), and had six children. Fanny Antonie (1884-1945) was educated in England at Roedean School and Cambridge University. Helmuth Immanuel (1887-1898), Erich Immanuel (1888-1937), Oscar Immanuel (1889-

47 1979), Roland Immanuel (1892-1916), Emilie Eizabeth (“Ducca” )(1895 - 1985) followed. Erich Immanuel Trefftz (see image below) became a distinguished professor of mathematics at Dresden University, where today he is honored by a sculpture on campus and a building named after him. His influence lives on eponymously in the world of mathematics as The Trefftz Method of approximating the boundary

Figure 23. Erich Trefftz, mathematician (Public Domain)

values of partial differential equations. His early death from a renal infection was a major loss. Erich married Frieda Hedwig Offermann and they had five children, Oscar Immanuel Benedikt, Eleanore Elisabeth, Friederike Antonie, Volkmar and Maria Gabriele. Eleanore (1920-2017) herself earned great distinction for her work in mathematics and physics, in keeping with the remarkable talents

48 and achievements of her relatives. An asteroid has been named after her, Asteroid 7266 Trefftz. Friederike (1922-2011) qualified as a physician, and became well-respected for her contributions to diagnostic radiology at the University of Dresden. Oscar Immanuel Trefftz was born in Leipzig 1889 and held a position in Deutsche Bank, Bremen. He married Gertrude Abegg in 1921 and they had four children: Martha Laura (1922-2012), Erika Christiani (1923-2003), Helmuth (1926-) and Georg (1932-).Helmuth married Olga Gomez and they had two children, Christian and Helmuth Jr. Christian Trefftz (born 1960) holds a faculty appointment in the School of Computing and Information Systems at Grand Valley State University in Michigan. He is married to Ana Cristina Posada, and they are parents of Pablo Immanuel and Camila Trefftz. Helmuth Trefftz Jr. (born 1961) also holds an academic position in Computer Science at EAFIT University in Medellin, Colombia, where he leads the Virtual Reality Laboratory. He is married to Gloria Restrepo and they have three children, Andrea, Nicholas Immanuel and David Immanuel Trefftz. Georg Trefftz was born in 1932, studied law, married Ruth Fenner, joined the Foreign Service of the Bundesrepublik and was Ambassador to Cuba in the 1990s until his retirement. While in Cuba, Georg Trefftz was able to procure historical documents and pictures of Charles David Tolmé and family through the British Consulate. With his wife Ruth, he has three children, Eberhard, Albrecht and Roland. Further details of these and other members of the Trefftz family can be found in Die Runges by

49 Axel Horns and at the Trefftz website on www. geni.com. Emilie Elizabeth (“Ducca”) Trefftz (1895- 1986), the sixth child of Anna Eliza (Runge) and Oscar Trefftz, was born in Leipzig, married Dr. Albrecht Wilhelm Renner in 1918, and had five children: Willi Albrecht Hermann Benedikt (1921-2001), who became an MD specializing in radiology and eventually emigrated to Ontario, Canada; Elisabeth Regine (1922-); Barbara (a violinist) (1923-); Maria Veronica Hildiswinth (1925-); and Marianne (1928-). Regine (“Hessa”) Renner studied music, married Rudolf Degkwitz Jr. (1920-1990), son of Rudolf Degkwitz Sr. (1889-1973), a pediatrician. Rudolf Jr. was also a physician, becoming Clinical Director of Psychiatry at the University of Freiburg. His scientific papers can be found at the Albert- Ludwigs-University in that city. Regine and her husband were associated with the Weisse Rose (White Rose), an anti-Nazi resistance movement, and Rudolf Jr. was imprisoned by the Gestapo for two years, suffering traumatically from this experience. In his later psychiatric career, one of his areas of expertise was syndromes resulting from psychiatric trauma in the concentration camps. Other interests included the therapeutic effects and withdrawal problems related to the new psychotropic drug classes that emerged in the 1960s. He wrote a textbook of psychiatry.

Mary Hurry Tolmé (Scharfenberg) (1828-1885), the third child of Charles David and Mary Eliza (Peneke) Tolmé, married Charles (Karl) Scharfenberg (1813-1890) of Cassel, Germany, in Havana. For a while she, her husband and son lived with Mary’s parents, Charles David and Maria Tolmé at 20 Queens Square, London, after their return home from Cuba. The Scharfenbergs later

50 moved to Germany, and after 1861, CD Tolmé and his wife left Queens Square for St. Georges Square, Pimlico, London. Mary died at the family estate in Wanfried, Germany. Mary and Charles had two children, a son Charles William who died soon after birth (1848-1848) and a son Carl Xavier Scharfenberg (1854- 1922), who married Bertha Julie, Baroness von Diergardt (1854-????). The couple had eight children, none of whom bore the Tolmé name, which thus died out in this line of the family with the passing of Mary Scharfenberg. Nevertheless, some interesting facts emerged as the author researched this branch of Tolmé descendants, as noted in the following paragraphs. In 1878, at the young age of 29, Carl Xavier purchased the Landgrafenschloss Wanfried in Wanfried, Hesse-Kassel. This old property dates back almost 1000 years and had been enlarged and rebuilt over the centuries. During the seven years’ war, it was used as a military hospital. When Scharfenberg became owner, he continued to use the estate for agricultural purposes and between 1946 and the 1970s a cannery was operating at the castle. In 1982, a son-in-law of the Scharfenbergs (Gernot von Hagen) set up a textile printing plant. The Unterhof is still owned by the Scharfenberg family and used for agriculture. One of Carl and Bertha’s sons, Dietrich (1882-1962) was a German diplomat serving at the embassy in Vienna during the 1920s. One of Dietrich’s sons, Wolfgang Scharfenberg (1914- 2005), lived on the family property and was nationally known for his contributions to agriculture, farming and animal breeding. In 1983 he received the Hermann von Nathusius Medal for his work. For 16 years he was President of the German Animal Breeding Society. Wolfgang and his wife Gräfin Anna von Kanitz had three children, Harald (born 1944), Valeska (married von Hagen) (born 1946) and Andreas (born 1952). Harald is founding partner and manager of Berutungs Vervaltung Treuhandgesellschaft (BVT), which roughly translates into International Consulting, Management and Trust Company), a private closed end fund focusing on real estate, alternative investments and renewable energy. BVT has headquarters in Munich, Germany and Atlanta, USA.

51 Scharfenbergs and The Whisky Vodka Agreement: Drawing the Boundaries of Europe After WWII

The Scharfenbergs played a part in the aftermath of WWII and following the Potsdam Agreement between Truman and Stalin. At issue was an unsettled boundary question that affected the Western Allies and the Soviet Union. A railway line connecting the port of Bremerhaven, an American enclave in the British zone of occupation in the north, to the US zone in the southwest was a critical supply line for the American occupation troops. A 2.7-mile stretch ran through Russian-occupied territory, and as relations worsened between the countries, Russian troops took to harassing trains, stealing supplies and allegedly committing acts of violence on travelers. This stretch of railway, which had been overlooked in the initial assignment of territory, happened to run close to Wanfried and the soon-to-become border between West and East Germany. A US-Soviet conference was held in September 1945, at which the matter was settled through the transfer of five US villages to the Russians, and two vice-versa, which thus secured the railway for the US. The town of Wanfried was chosen to be the venue, and the conference was held at the Scharfenbergs’ mansion (Kalkhof). The name Whisky Vodka Line has been used to refer to the Agreement, which is more formally known as the Wanfried Agreement. Allusions to these liquors stems from their favored status among the two military parties. It is unclear exactly how the connection was established between the family and Captain Michael Burda, the US officer responsible for making arrangements for the meeting, but in 2020 the proceedings cease to be classified and it may be possible to learn more about the details of this meeting. Burda became close friends with the Scharfenbergs, even being godfather to Valeska Scharfenberg. In 2005 a gathering was held in the room at the Kalkhof where the 1945 agreement had been signed, with four Scharfenbergs in attendance. Details of this assembly can be easily found on the web, including at this link: http://www.coldwarhistory. us/Cold_War/The_Whisky-Vodka-Line/body_the_whisky-vodka- line.html

52 Figure 24. Members of the Scharfenberg Family in 2005 at the 60th Anniversary commemoration of the 1945 Whiskey Vodka Line Agreement in the room in their home where it was signed, Kalkhof, Wanfried, Germany.16 (Photo with permission of the Cold War Museum, Vint Hill, VA 20187)

Charles Hancock Tolmé (1830-?), the fourth child of Charles David and Mary Eliza (Peneke) Tolmé, died young and unmarried in Havana.

Francis Carbutt Tolmé (1831-1871) married in 1869 and died two years later. He was a member of the firm of Scharfenberg Tolmé and Co.

Louisa Garrique Tolmé (Brown)(1833-1875), the sixth child of Charles David and Mary Eliza (Peneke) Tolmé, settled in Scotland, where her husband founded the firm of Brown, Sons & Co., Brazilian Merchants. They had nine children, including Anita (born 1870), who married William Longmuir in 1894, and the couple lived for many years in India, where Mr. Longmuir was Locomotive Superintendent on the Bengal and Northwestern Railway. The oldest of their three

16 From L to R: Richard Baier, Harald von Scharfenberg, event eye witness, Andreas von Scharfenberg, Valeska von Hagen and Ilse von Scharfenberg, descendants of the Kalkhof estate, Werner I. Juretzko, Cold War Museum Midwest Chapter, Col. Donald H. Zedle. Defense Attaché US Embassy, Mayor of Wanfried Otto Frank and Wolfgang Ruske, Wilfried Wegener, and Viktor Speiser all from the Iron Curtain Border Museum Schifflersgrund.

53 daughters was Louisa (“Lulu”) Tolmé Brown, born in 1895, and married to David Macfarlane Stewart. I met Lulu in the 1970s when I lived in Edinburgh, Scotland. Lulu had a daughter Elsie Mary (born 1917, died c.1945), who married William Murray in 1941. The Murrays had one son, David, who pursued a military career in the British Army. His current whereabouts is unknown.

Julian Horn Tolmé (1836-1878) was the seventh child of Charles David and Mary Eliza (Peneke) Tolmé. He married Sarah Cantwell of Belfast, on June 26, 1871. They had a son, Thomas, who died at the age of one year. Julian Tolmé died on Christmas Day, 1878, after a short illness, diagnosed as acute rheumatism, and was buried in the family vault in Highgate Cemetery. Mr. Tolmé achieved distinction as a civil engineer, becoming a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. According to his obituary, he was a man of extensive knowledge and experience, great amiability and social powers, with a singularly winning manner, accompanied by a handsome presence. Tolmé left Cuba with his family in 1851, came to live in London and was educated at King’s College, London, where he took a distinguished position…in geology and mineralogy. Civil engineering was his specialty and he was superintendent of construction of several railway stations, including at Salisbury, and in establishing plans for the London and North Western Railway Company. He was engineer for the Wandsworth Road Bridge, London, the Gellivara railway and canals in Sweden and the Tunisian railways. He also served as a volunteer in the 3rd Middlesex Artillery, of which he was a co-founder. Shortly before his death, he retired at the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.

Eliza Schenley Tolmé (Blyth) (1838-1912) married Edmund Kell Blyth in London, 1866. Blyth had a brilliant legal career and founded the company of Blyth, Dutton, Hartley & Blyth, Solicitors of London. He also authored the book The Life of William Ellis. The couple had seven children, all of whom bore the middle name of Tolmé. Two of their sons, Charles Frederick Tolmé Blyth (1868-?) and Thomas Tolmé Blyth (1877-1953) joined their father’s law practice, as did a grandson, Edmund Kell Jr. (1898-1969) who, besides being a lawyer, was founder and designer of the Whipsnade Tree Cathedral, created as a memorial to three friends killed in the Great War. T. T. Blyth

54 authored a book entitled An Epitome of the Law Relating to Easements. A son, Julian Tolmé Blyth (1873-1904) was a certified chartered accountant but died young. The evolution of the Blyth law practice is of some interest. The name Blyth Dutton existed until 1991, by which time the group had increased to 120 lawyers. In that year it merged with Lawrence Graham, and in 1998 following another merger with Forsyth Kerman Saunders it became one of the UK’s largest private real estate lawyers. In the same year, the firm acted for the estate of Diana, Princess of Wales following her death. Now, and after further mergers, the firm exists under the name of Wragge, Lawrence Graham and has a multinational presence. Charles Frederick Tolmé Blyth was decorated as Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (CMG) for service in WWI, and his wife (Agatha Lawrence) was one of the founders of Roedean, a leading English private girls’ school.

Emily Tolmé (Overmann) (1841-1893) The ninth and last child of Charles David and Mary Eliza (Peneke) Tolmé, Emily Overmann spent the first ten years of her life in Cuba. Her oldest sister Fanny kept a diary in 1846, and a copy of this document was kindly sent to the author in 1974 by Fanny’s grand- daughter Nerina (Nina) (née Runge) Courant (see above). In the diary, called “Grossi’s Tagebuch aus Habana”, Fanny chronicles in detail the daily life of her family and mentions her younger sister Emily a number of times. (As Figure 25. Emily Tolmé Overmann an aside, Nina recollected to this (date unknown) author, delightful yearly visits to my grandmother’s (i.e. Fanny’s) beautiful house in Bremen …, and continued that … there were many grandchildren and great-grandchildren who were all close to her and met each other through her. (Personal communication November 19, 1974). Emily Tolmé later attended Queens College, London (which was founded in 1848 by John F.D. Maurice, a second

55 cousin on the Hurry side). An interesting fact about Queens College is that it was the first institution to offer academic courses for women, so Emily Tolmé would have been then given an opportunity not readily available to many women at the time. After completing her high school education at Queens, Emily then spent some months in Hamburg with a Miss Marxsen, to learn German. About 1864 she met the recently widowered Florentine Theodore Overmann in Wiesbaden, Germany. They married in 1866. Emily and FT Overmann had five children who are described in detail in my companion account of the Overmanns. After courageously enduring a series of complicated illnesses, Emily Overmann died at home 17th July, 1893 at the relatively young age of 51, and leaving behind a husband widowered for the second time, his first wife having died in 1864 as the result of childbirth complications. As FT Overmann Jr. wrote, “She (Emily) was an exceedingly clever and well-read woman. Her devotion to her children and stepsons was very great and the latter always considered her as their mother.” Perhaps it is in part affectionate sentiments of this kind that explain the desire of several generations to preserve the Tolmé name, even into the late 1900s.

Figure 26. Christmas Collage of Overmann home at 34 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, made by FT Overmann, and a picture of Emily Tolmé Overmann, seated

56 Part Four: Emily and FT Overmann’s Many Descendants & This Author’s Line

Figure 27. The Overmann Family, c.1890. From left: Florentine (“Florry”) Theodore Jr., Henrietta (“Rita”) Adelaide, Florentine Theodore Overmann Sr., Frederick Harney, Charles Tolmé (my grandfather) sitting in front, Francis Christian, Emily Tolme (2nd wife of FT Overmann Sr.), sitting; Mary (“Maimie”) Helen. A son, George Julian, was absent and probably travelling in South Africa at the time

The biographies of Florentine Theodore Overmann and Emily Tolmé Overmann’s family and their descendants have been given in greater detail in my account of the Overmann family, so what follows here is a brief summary. George Julian Overmann (1867-1940): emigrated to South Africa – employed by the Railways. Married. No children. Died 13th August 1940 in Durban after undergoing several operations for stomach problems. Charles Tolmé Overmann (1869-1961): married to Mary Beatrice Heaven (1878-1959). Children: Mary Kathleen Tolmé (1906-1987); Charles Theodore (1910-2001). Charles Tolmé (my grandfather) was

57 a civil engineer. He lived his entire 92 years in the region where he was brought up; his daughter (my mother) likewise. His son, “Theo”, served in the British Army in WWII and emigrated to Vancouver Island in 1948. He was active in the local business community and made major contributions to the Overmann and related family histories. A copy of Charles Theodore’s book on the Henrietta Estate, titled A Family Plantation,17 Puerto Rico is shown below. The front cover portrait is a painting by the famous inventor and artist, Samuel Finley Breese Morse of Morse Code fame, whose daughter Susan, married Edward Lind, brother-in-law of my great-great-grandfather, CF Overmann. Edward took over ownership of the Hacienda La Enriqueta in Guayama on Charles F’s early death. Morse visited his daughter there on one occasion. She lived a tragic life, unhappy in her marriage, beset with financial worries and having to deal with her son’s suicide. She took her own life by jumping off a ship on the way home to the US. Morse’s visit to Guayama in 1858 is now commemorated in the town square. I have visited the town and plantation on a number of occasions and met with the then owner of the remaining part of the estate, much of which has been sold over the years. No traces of the home exist. The Figure 28. Book cover of A Family Plantation by tombstone of father and Charles Theodore Overman. Painting of Susan son Lind can be seen in a Morse by her father Samuel Finley Breeze Morse

17 Published in 2000 by the Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

58 nearby cemetery: it says nothing more than the bare unmourned facts of names and dates: no eulogies or statements of affection. Full details of La Enriqueta and those of other families such as the Linds and van Uytendaeles, who were connected to the Overmanns, can be found in books written by CT Overman. Charles Tolmé and Beatrice Overmann had three grandchildren – two of whom, Naomi and Jonathan, were children of Mary Kathleen Tolmé and Joseph Robert Davidson, and one, Caroline Anne, was the child of Theo and Anne (née Butterfield) Overman. Naomi Margaret Davidson (1936-2017) was a teacher of music who lived variously in Shropshire, High Wycombe, St. Ives Cornwall, and for the last 27 years of her life in Winchester, where she was an active member of the Winchester Cathedral community. Jonathan Davidson (born 1943), author of this account is a psychiatrist who emigrated to North Carolina, USA in 1972, worked on the medical faculty at University of North Carolina, then Duke University. He married Meg Hodge in 1969 and they have two children Benjamin (“Ben”) Dudley (born 1969) and Rebecca (“Becky”) Tolmé (born 1972) (married 1st Flack and 2nd Williams). Becky has a daughter, Julia Kathleen Flack (born Sept 6th, 2002) and son Samuel (Sam) John Flack (born August 12th, 2004). Ben graduated from Oberlin College, is a photographer, writer and guitarist and works in Raleigh, NC, in marketing. Becky has a Masters degree in social work from University of Georgia, and works as a counsellor and wellness advisor at Baylor School, Chattanooga. Caroline Anne Overman (born 1945) is the daughter of Charles Theodore and Anne Overman of Victoria, BC. She lives in BC, on Pender Island and holds a doctorate in Classics from Brown University. Francis Christian Overmann (Frank) (1871-1942): Frank emigrated to Canada where he took up farming, after having served in the Boer War and also working in England as a sports correspondent for a local

59 newspaper. He volunteered later with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in WWI, from which he was discharged injured. I am in possession of his Boer War diary and some of his painting and poetry which are shown in the Overmann Family account. Frank’s descendants now live in Alberta, Saskatchewan and BC. He and Irene Lambert had three children, Reginald Florentine (1909-1982), Dorothy Henrietta (1911-1912) and Eric Norman (1913-1986). The two brothers operated auto repair and service businesses in Cut Knife, Saskatchewan and Irricana, Alberta respectively. Eric and his wife had three children, Norman (born and died 1945), Marlene (adopted) (born 1946) and Bruce (born 1948). Marlene (married Miller) had three children: Allen (born 1963), Donna (1965-), Brian (1966-). Allen married first Dixie Nelson and they had two children, Brandon (born 1985) and Katrina (born 1987), who had a daughter Emma Marie (born 2008). Allen married second, Darlene Truss, and there are two children Eric Evan (born 1998) and Blake Dillon (born 2002). Bruce Overmann and his wife Linda had three children, Lisa (born 1979), Robert (born 1981) and Jackson (born c. 1985). Reginald Overmann had three children: Amy Lyla (born 1934), Elizabeth May (born 1937) and Reginald Harney (born and died 1939). Both daughters were married but it is unknown whether they had any children. A number of Francis and Irene Overmann’s descendants have been or are in business, including retail, energy and building and live in the Calgary area or in Golden and other parts of British Columbia. Mary Helen Overmann (1873-1952): Married Adolfo Behrens in New York City. Children Teodoro Adolfo (1909-2002) and Margaret (“Peggy”) Isabel (1914-2004).

60 Teodoro and Mary’s children live in Northern France: Angela Behrens (born 1952) and Juliet Behrens (married 1st Le Breton then 2nd Guillon) (born 1954), with children Guillaume and Emilie Anne Marie (born 1980 and 1993 respectively). Peggy (Behrens) Ashby and Donald Ashby’s children were named Timothy (born 1938), Robin (1941-2006), Patricia (“Pat”) (married Ellacott) (born 1946) and Simon (born 1948). Timothy and Pat Ashby had two sons, who both died at a young age, Dunstan (1964-1986) and Piers (1967-1978). Robin and Anita Ashby were parents of Clare (born 1970) and Gwyn (born 1973). Clare married Peter Hutchings and had a son, Benjamin Harry (born 2001) and daughter Alice Catrin (born 2003). Gwyn married Gillian and they have a daughter Iona Megan (born 2005) and son Callum Robin (born 2007). Pat and Mike Ellacott have three children Thomas Mark (born 1973), Ruth Lowenna (born 1974) and Hannah Margaret (born 1980). Pat and Mike’s children have the following offspring: Thomas Mark, is married to Irene Gonzalez. They are parents of Hannah (born 2006), Sara Ana (born 2010) and her twin sister Alba Maria (born 2010). Ruth Lowenna and her husband Sacha Alberini have two children: Lowena Eva (born 2008) and Thomas Luca (born 2010). Hannah Margaret and husband Andrew Walton, have a daughter, Ella Blossom (born 2010) and son Jack Dart (born 2014).

61 Simon Ashby and Lynn Deering live in Australia and have two children, Zoe Alyssa (born 1995) and Tanami Rose (born 1997). Henrietta Adelaide Overmann (married Gleichsner Colt) (1879- 1944): child Charles Francis (“Mick”) (1911-1985). Her husband, Anton (also known as William) Gleichsner (1888-1948) founded a timber construction business, initially manufacturing poultry houses then expanding to homes and offices with spectacular success. Sometime during or after WWI, Anton Gleichsner took his mother’s (Hertha Goebler Colt) surname. As an alien intern in a British camp on the Isle of Man, Colt learned carpentry skills and from there, the rest is history, as they say. Upon Gleichsner Colt’s death, his son took over the business (WH Colt, Son and Company), which continued to prosper under his direction. Among notable accomplishments was the award of a Royal

Figure 29. Royal Connections and Colt Houses. The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) visiting Colt Miner’s Cottage at an exhibition, London, in the 1920s. The Prince purchased several of these cottages18

18 Reproduced from Colt Houses: The History of WH Colt Son & Company Limited. Clive Kennett. 2015. Permission given by Pitcairn- Knowles Publishing, PKP.

62 Warrant by appointment to The Queen, for the construction of many buildings on the royal estate at Sandringham, a commission lasting from 1969 until the 2000s. However, the first contact between Colt and Royalty took place many years earlier in the 1920s (see Figure 29),when Edward Prince of Wales took an interest in the very practical and reasonably priced miners’ cottages. The Prince opened an exhibition of Colt homes in London and purchased a number for his royal duchy lands. In the 1960s, Colt received an order to rebuild the remote island of Tristan da Cunha after a devastating earthquake destroyed much of its only town in 1960. Colt houses also can be found on the Falkland Islands, and in parts of Europe. Mick Colt died in 1985 and his wife Lore (née Lorsbach) continued to direct the firm for many years. She died at the age of 101 in 2016. Outside of his construction business, Mick Colt in the early 1940s became interested in the purchase and restoration of early keyboard instruments. Over the years his collection grew to one of the world’s largest private collections of its kind, and drew the attention of celebrated musicians, such as Yehudi Menhuin and Benjamin Britten. Mick Colt authored a book, The Early Piano, an autographed copy of which is in my possession. After the deaths of Mick and Lore Colt, the collection of 114 instruments was sold at auction in June 2018 (see below). According to an article appearing the British newspaper, the Daily Express, it was expected to fetch over £1,000,000 at sale (as indeed it did). In addition, some of the most valuable pianos had already been loaned on a permanent basis to the Stadtmuseum in Munich, a city where the Colts spent a good part of their time. But as a result of the auction, most of the remaining collection was dispersed to multiple owners. Images relevant to the collection are shown below, including pictures of the author’s mother and sister playing different pianos, one in the 1950s and the other in the 1980s, on the occasion of a personal visit by the author and his family.

63 Figure 30. Announcement of Colt Clavier Auction

Figure 31. Kathleen Tolmé Davidson, Teodoro Behrens, and a piano from the Colt Clavier Collection, Bethersden, Kent, c.1952

64 Figure 32. Naomi Davidson playing a Haschka piano, Colt Collection, 1984

Figure 33. Teatime at the Colt Collection. Mick Colt and Meg Davidson. (NB. “Teatime” refers to a gin and tonic or similar libation kept in the piano stool!)

65 Figure 34. Further Royal Patronage. Mick Colt standing with the author beneath a Royal Warrant sign, Bethersden, Kent, 1984. From 1969 for the next 35 years, Queen Elizabeth II engaged Colt for the construction of many different buildings on the Sandringham Estate

66 Conclusions

This 400-year story begins in the Scottish Highlands and takes us through the world travels of many Tolme generations. It is doubtful if the Tolme name will continue further in this particular line beyond those born in the 1970s. Tolme descendants now live in Europe (Britain, Germany, France mainly), North America, South America and Oceania, while business interests have also taken family members to the Caribbean, Tahiti, Asia and Africa. It is hoped that the genealogy and stories given here will be of interest to those who value their Tolme family traditions and/or wish to know more about them.

67 68 Appendix 1 Ancestors of Charles David Tolme (9 generations) Exported from Geni.com on Oct 8, 2018 at 5:12 PM

1. Charles David Tolme b. April 11, 1792, Kennington, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; d. March 23, 1872, Pimlico, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

2. David Tolme b. 1753, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; d. December 13, 1825, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom

3. John Tolme b. circa 1725; d. 1766

4. David Tolme b. circa 1690, Inverness, Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. 1761, West Indies, Guadeloupe

5. William Tolme, of Fortrose b. circa 1664, Inverness, Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. circa 1726

6. John Tolme b. circa 1635

7. James Tolme b. circa 1610

8. John Tolmach b. circa 1580

9. Nimhneach (The Venomous) Roderick MacLeod

8. Christian Tolme

69 6. Janet Tolme

5. Margaret Tolme

4. Isabella Tolme

3. Hannah Tolme

2. Mary Susannah Tolme b. circa 1764, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom; d. May 3, 1834, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

3. William Hurry b. 1734, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom; d. February 11, 1807, Normanston, Oulton Broad, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom

4. Thomas Hurry b. July 2, 1696; d. 1780, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

4. Elizabeth Hurry

3. Ann Hurry b. 1741; d. December 11, 1779, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom

70 Appendix 2: Children of Charles David and Maria Eliza Tolmé.

Descendants of Charles David Tolme (2 generations) Exported from Geni.com on Aug 28, 2018 at 9:14 AM

1. Charles David Tolme b. April 11, 1792, Kennington, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; d. March 23, 1872, Pimlico, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

└ +Maria Eliza Tolme b. 1796, Denmark; d. March 23, 1865, Pimlico, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; m. circa 1828, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

2. Thomas Hurry Tolme b. February 19, 1825, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; d. September 13, 1877, Westward Ho!, Devon, England, United Kingdom

2. Fanny Schwartz Runge b. July 20, 1826, Hamburg, Germany; d. December 8, 1910, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

2. Mary Hurry Scharfenberg b. June 29, 1828, Hamburg, Germany; d. 1885, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

2. Charles Hancock Tolme b. April 8, 1830, Hamburg, Germany; d. Havana, Havana, Cuba

2. Francis Carbutt Tolme b. October 30, 1831, Born At Sea; d. April 23, 1871, Havana, Havana, Cuba

2. Louisa Garrique Brown b. September 27, 1833, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. August 28, 1875, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom

71 2. Julian Horn Tolme b. January 28, 1836, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. December 25, 1878, Lindfield, West Sussex, England, United Kingdom

2. Eliza Schenley Blyth b. May 5, 1838, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. October 9, 1912, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

2. Emily Overmann b. November 27, 1840, of Manchester, England; d. July 17, 1893, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

72 Appendix 3

Descendants of Charles David Tolme (8 generations) Exported from Geni.com on Aug 28, 2018 at 3:28 PM

1. Charles David Tolme b. April 11, 1792, Kennington, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; d. March 23, 1872, Pimlico, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

└ +Maria Eliza Tolme b. 1796, Denmark; d. March 23, 1865, Pimlico, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; m. circa 1828, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

2. Thomas Hurry Tolme b. February 19, 1825, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; d. September 13, 1877, Westward Ho!, Devon, England, United Kingdom

└ +Elisa Tolme b. March 3, 1829, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom; d. November 16, 1923

3. Louisa Frances Maccall b. April 2, 1853, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. January 4, 1925, Lancashire, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom

└ +Dr. William Neil Maccall d. January 29, 1925, Lancashire, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom

4. William Tolme Maccall b. September 19, 1878, Lancashire, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom

└ +Elizabeth Drummond Maccall

5. Mary Frances Brentnall Maccall b. November 20, 1912

5. John Tolme Maccall b. June 11, 1914

73 5. William Lawrence Maccall b. July 12, 1915

4. Elsie Frances Hamer b. February 11, 1880, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

└ +Thurston Hamer

5. Patrick Hamer b. January 22, 1911; d. January 22, 1911

5. Margaret Tolme Scurfield b. November 18, 1912

└ +James Iliff Scurfield b. 1906; d. 1988

6. Bryan Thurston Scurfield

6. Caroline Frances Scurfield

6. Richard Iliff Scurfield

74 4. Janet Neil Bardswell b. November 7, 1882

└ +Hamilton Ainsworth Bardswell b. February 28, 1883, Southport, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom; d. November 20, 1917, Cambrai, Nord, Hauts-de-France, France

5. Jean Hamilton Bardswell b. December 13, 1910, Southport, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom; d. July 1961

4. May Carbutt Cunningham b. May 10, 1884; d. 1969

└ +Dr. Francis William Murray Cunningham

4. Dorothea Tolme Maccall b. December 13, 1890, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

3. Charles David Tolme b. March 4, 1856; d. October 7, 1918

3. Mary Luccock Tolme b. April 23, 1860; d. June 1861

2. Fanny Schwartz Runge b. July 20, 1826, Hamburg, Germany; d. December 8,

75 1910, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

└ +Julius Runge b. July 7, 1813, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. January 18, 1864, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

3. Hermann Charles Runge b. February 28, 1847, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. October 1925, London, Edgware, Middlesex, United Kingdom

└ +Emma Runge d. November 1921

4. Emma Paulina Carbutt b. November 29, 1874

4. Fanny Dickens b. April 5, 1876; d. after 1966

└ +Henry Charles Dickens b. 1878; d. 1966

5. Gerald Henry Charles Dickens b. January 1906; d. 1936

5. Barbara Mary Dickens b. November 1911; d. December 1911

5. Christopher Geoffrey Dickens b. November 1911; d. June 1912

5. Doris Danby b. May 1913; d. 1998

└ +Denys Danby b. July 19, 1935; d. June 15, 1997

76 6. Nicholas Danby b. July 19, 1935; d. June 17, 1997

5. Monica Enid Stratton b. May 1915; d. 1992

4. Julius Joseph Runge b. May 11, 1879; d. 1935

└ +Norah Cecil Runge b. 1884; d. 1978

5. Cecil Julius Runge b. April 20, 1907

5. Sir Peter Francis Runge b. May 11, 1909; d. 1970

└ +Fiona Margaret Runge

6. Anthony Peter Runge b. 1937

6. Julia Norah Runge b. 1939

6. Charles David Runge b. 1944

77 6. Michael Robert Runge b. 1947

5. Margaret Phyllis Runge b. June 9, 1911; d. 1979

└ +Baron Drumalbyn Niall Malcolm Stewart Macpherson

6. Honorable Jean Stewart Macpherson b. 1938

6. Honorable Mary Stewart Macpherson b. 1942

6. Honorable Norah Stewart Macpherson b. 1947; d. 1969

5. John Charles Runge b. October 10, 1914

4. Margaret Mary Barry b. December 3, 1883

4. Gertrude Bertha Orr-Ewing b. October 23, 1887

78 └ +Archibald Orr Ewing

5. Phoebe Orr-Ewing b. 1915; d. 1983

3. Julius Runge b. July 11, 1848, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. 1917, London, Edgware, Middlesex, United Kingdom

3. Mary Louisa Neele b. September 6, 1851, Havana, Cuba; d. circa 1914, London, Edgware, Middlesex, United Kingdom

3. Anna Fanny Jones Schröder b. February 14, 1854, Havana, Cuba; d. 1945, Hamburg, Germany

3. Carl (Charles) David Runge b. August 31, 1856, Bremen, Germany; d. January 3, 1927, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

└ +Aimée Runge b. 1862; d. 1941

4. Iris Anne Runge b. June 1, 1888, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; d. January 27, 1966, Ulm, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

4. Ella Runge b. 1890; d. 1945

4. Nerina Courant (Runge) b. 1893, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; d. 1991, New Rochelle, Westchester

79 County, New York, United States

└ +Richard Courant b. January 8, 1888, Lubliniec, Lubliniec, Śląskie, Poland; d. January 27, 1972, New Rochelle, Westchester, New York, United States; m. 1919

5. Ernest (Ernst) David Courant b. March 26, 1920, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

└ +Sarah Courant

6. Paul Noah Courant b. 1948, United States

└ +-Cathy Johnson

7. Noah Courant b. after January 1, 1970

7. Courant

└ + Courant

8. Courant

80 └ +Marta Manildi

7. Courant

6. Carl Richard Courant b. 1951, United States

5. Hans Wolfgang Julius Courant b. after December 31, 1922, Germany

└ +Dixie Courant

└ +-Maggie Courant

6. Martha Hicks-Courant

└ +John Hicks- Courant

7. Katherine H- C

7. Courant- Morgan

81 └ + Courant- Morgan

7. Hicks-Courant

6. Ted Courant

└ +Laura Konigsberg

7. Courant

7. Courant

6. Tim Courant

└ +Carol Courant

7. Courant

82 7. Courant

5. Gertrude Moser b. before February 1, 1928; d. 2014

└ +Jürgen Kurt Moser b. July 4, 1928, Königsberg, East Prussia, Prussia, Germany; d. December 17, 1999, Schwerzenbach, Uster District, Zurich, Switzerland

6. Nina Moser

└ +Charlie Rathbun

7. Rathbun

7. Rathbun

7. Rathbun

83 6. Lucy Moser

└ +Hans Jauslin

7. Jauslin

7. Jauslin

7. Jauslin

└ +-David Emery

6. Richard Emery

└ +-Lori Singer

7. Emery

└ +Mellie Emery

7. Emery

84 5. Leonore Berkowitz (Courant) b. February 21, 1928, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany; d. July 19, 2015, New York, New York, United States

└ +Jerome Berkowitz b. 1928; d. 1998

6. David B Berkowitz b. May 1, 1962, New York, NY, United States

└ +Susan Klein b. April 1, 1962, Cleveland, Cuyahoga, Ohio, United States of America; m. December 4, 1993, Cleveland, OH, United States

7. Dana Berkowitz b. April 3, 1998

7. Jeffrey Jeff Berkowitz b. April 3, 1998

6. Susie Berkowitz

85 └ +Peter David Lax b. May 1, 1926, Budapest, Hungary

5. Agnes Elizabeth Gertrud Courant b. 1922, Germany

4. Wilhelm Tolme Runge b. June 10, 1895, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; d. June 9, 1987, Germany

└ +Maria Runge

5. Bernhard Tolme Runge b. 1926; d. 1953

5. Otto Eric Runge b. 1928; d. 1991

└ +Unknown

6. Gotz Bernhard Tolme Runge b. 1969, Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

6. Anette Runge b. 1971, Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden- Württemberg, Germany

└ +Fabian Evers

86 6. Carl Matthias Runge b. 1973, Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

6. Carola Ulrike Runge b. 1977, Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

5. Anna ("Ania") Maria Runge b. 1934

└ +Eilert Elstner

4. Bernhard Emile Runge b. 1897, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; d. 1914, Flanders, Belgium

4. Aimée Louise Luther b. January 1, 1903, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; d. 1964

3. Gustav Runge b. February 25, 1858, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. 1858, Havana, Havana, Cuba

3. Thomas Richard Tolme Runge b. October 17, 1859, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. October 17, 1929, Hamburg, Germany

87 3. Otto Emil Runge b. May 1, 1861, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. 1865, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

3. Anna Eliza (Lily) Eliza Trefftz b. August 4, 1863, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. April 8, 1954, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

└ +Oskar Immanuel Trefftz b. circa 1847, Leipzig, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany; d. circa 1906, Aachen, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; m. March 7, 1883

4. Oskar Immanuel Trefftz b. October 24, 1889, Leipzig, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany; d. December 10, 1979, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

└ +Gertrud Trefftz b. August 8, 1899, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. June 19, 1992, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; m. August 24, 1921, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

5. Martha Laura Borchardt b. June 24, 1922, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. January 20, 2012, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

└ +Rolf Karl Wilhelm Borchardt b. September 6, 1923, Rotterdam, Government of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands; d. 7, 2006

6. Lore Hilde Gerda Rahe, Schopfer b. 2, 1962

└ +Olivier Pierre

88 Schopfer b. July 8, 1962, Geneva, Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

└ +-Martin Johann Georg Heinz Rahe b. November 29, 1960, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

7. Johannes Fabian Martin Rahe b. April 9, 1989, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

└ + Marianne Rahe b. March 29, 1989, Lübeck, Schleswig- Holstein, Germany

7. Rebecca Christine Margarethe

89 Rahe b. May 3, 1991, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

6. Heide Brusis

└ +Werner Brusis b. November 29, 1951

7. Arne Thomas Brusis b. January 4, 1992

└ +Clara Noack

8. Theo Ari Brusis b. October 19, 2017, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

90 7. Lars Martin Brusis b. February 4, 1994

5. Erika Weber b. Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. circa 2003, Ulm, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

└ +unknown Weber

6. unknown Kuchler

└ +unknown Kuchler

6. unknown Weber

6. unknown Weber

6. unknown Weber

5. Helmuth Roland Immanuel Trefftz b. December 22, 1926, Bremen, Deutschland

└ +Olga Gómez Muñoz b.

91 January 25, 1927, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia; d. December 18, 2017, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia; m. December 21, 1957, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

6. Christian Trefftz b. April 30, 1960, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

└ +Ana Cristina Posada; m. August 1, 1987, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

7. Pablo Immanuel Trefftz b. June 22, 1992, Lansing, MI, United States

7. Camila Trefftz b. January 10, 1995, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

6. Helmuth Trefftz b. June

92 26, 1961, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

└ +Gloria Restrepo; m. September 22, 1990, Iglesia Santa María de Los Dolores, Medellín, Colombia

7. Andrea Trefftz b. August 30, 1993, Csa del Parto, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

7. Nicolas Immanuel Trefftz b. November 26, 2001, St. Pauls Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A.

7. David Immanuel Trefftz

93 5. Georg Trefftz b. October 12, 1932, Bremen, Bremen, Germany

4. Erich Trefftz b. February 21, 1888, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. 1937, Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany

4. Anni Trefftz b. June 16, 1884, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. circa 1947, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

4. Helmuth Trefftz b. January 15, 1887, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. circa 1898, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

4. Roland Trefftz b. February 25, 1892, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. 1916, Sommeschlacht..., Somme, Picardy, France

4. Emilie Elisa ('Ducca') Renner b. August 15, 1895, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. 1986, Jugenheim, Seeheim-Jugenheim, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany

4. Fanny Antonie Trefftz b. June 16, 1884, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

4. Helmuth Immanuel Trefftz b. 1887; d. 1898

94 4. Erich Immanuel Trefftz b. 1888, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. January 1937, Dresden, Dresden Government Region, Saxony, Germany

└ +Helene Hedwig Trefftz b. January 24, 1888, Aachen, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

5. Oscar Immanuel Benedikt Trefftz b. 1919; d. March 30, 1945, Ostrov, Karlovy Vary District, Karlovy Vary Region, Czechia

5. Eleonore Elisabeth Trefftz b. August 15, 1920; d. October 22, 2017

5. Friderike Antonie Trefftz b. 1922

5. Volkmar Immanuel Tobias Trefftz b. April 1, 1924; d. March 8, 2012

5. Maria Gabriele Hutschenreuter b. March 4, 1926

4. Oscar Immanuel Trefftz b. 1889, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. 1979

└ +Gertrud Trefftz

95 5. Martha Laura Borchardt b. June 24, 1922; d. 2012

5. Erika Christiani Weber b. September 10, 1923; d. 2003

5. Helmuth Trefftz b. 1926

└ +Olga Trefftz b. January 25, 1927, Colombia; d. December 18, 2017, Colombia

6. Christian Trefftz b. 1960, Colombia

6. Helmuth Trefftz, Jr b. after 1960

5. Georg Trefftz b. 1932, Germany

4. Roland Immanuel Trefftz b. February 25, 1892, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany; d. August 18, 1916, Bapaume, Pas-de-Calais, Hauts-de-France, France

4. Emilie Elizabeth Renner b. August 15, 1895, Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

96 └ +Albrecht Wilhelm Renner b. July 25, 1886, Aachen, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

5. Willi Albrecht Hermann Benedikt Renner b. May 21, 1921, Altona, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; d. 2001, Summerstown, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry United Counties, Ontario, Canada

5. Elisabeth Regine Degkwitz b. April 6, 1922, Altona, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

└ +Rudolf Degkwitz b. circa 1920; d. 1990

6. Andreas Degkwitz b. 1956

6. Michel Degkwitz b. 1957

6. Maria Degkwitz b. 1962

6. Johanna Degkwitz b. 1963

97 5. Barbara Fischer b. July 12, 1923, Altona, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

5. Maria Veronica Hildiswinth Renner b. January 1, 1925, Altona, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; d. 1974

5. Marianne Pieper b. 1928, Altona, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

2. Mary Hurry Scharfenberg b. June 29, 1828, Hamburg, Germany; d. 1885, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

└ +Charles Scharfenberg b. March 22, 1813, Kassel, Kassel, Hesse, Germany; d. March 25, 1890, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

3. Charles William Scharfenberg b. May 1, 1848; d. 1848

3. Carl Xavier Scharfenberg b. November 28, 1849, Bremen, Bremen, Germany; d. March 18, 1922

└ +Baroness Bertha Elisabeth Mercedes von Scharfenberg b. September 3, 1854

4. Countess Bertha Elisabeth Mercedes Borcke b. March 18, 1876; d. July 20, 1925

98 └ +Count Hening Borcke

5. Count (Graf) Hening Gustav Karl Heinrich Borcke b. 1897, Mołstowa, Województwo zachodniopomorskie, Poland; d. January 25, 1968, Kassel, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

5. Albrecht Borcke b. 1898, Mołstowa, Województwo zachodniopomorskie, Poland; d. 1918

5. Bertha Borcke b. 1899, Mołstowa, Województwo zachodniopomorskie, Poland; d. 1987, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

5. Adrian Borcke b. 1902, Mołstowa, Województwo zachodniopomorskie, Poland; d. 1985

5. Matthias Borcke b. 1909; d. 1944

4. Else von Scharfenberg b. September 4, 1877

└ +Friedrick von Register

5. Dominik von Register

99 5. Maximilian von Register

5. Konrad von Register

4. Wilhelm Scharfenberg b. July 19, 1879; d. October 26, 1924

4. Dietrich Scharfenberg b. June 23, 1882, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany; d. December 12, 1962, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

└ +Irma von Scharfenberg

5. Wolfgang Scharfenberg b. 1914; d. 2005, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

└ +Grafin Anna von Scharfenberg b. 1920, Podągi, Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland

6. Harold Scharfenberg b. 1944

6. Valeska von Hagen b. 1946

6. Andreas Scharfenberg b.

100 1952, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

5. Mary von Eichel

5. Harold Scharfenberg

4. Ulrich Scharfenberg b. October 2, 1883, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany; d. October 26, 1916

4. Carl von Scharfenberg b. February 24, 1886, Wanfried, Kassel, Hesse, Germany

└ +Bertha von Scharfenberg

5. Carl Dieter von Scharfenberg

5. Carla von Scharfenberg

4. Mary von Scharfenberg b. May 13, 1888; d. April 1, 1910

4. Otto Friederick Scharfenberg b. November 23, 1891

101 └ +Alexa Scharfenberg

5. Eberhard Scharfenberg

2. Charles Hancock Tolme b. April 8, 1830, Hamburg, Germany; d. Havana, Havana, Cuba

2. Francis Carbutt Tolme b. October 30, 1831, Born At Sea; d. April 23, 1871, Havana, Havana, Cuba

2. Louisa Garrique Brown b. September 27, 1833, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. August 28, 1875, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom

└ +George Brown d. July 7, 1899

3. Archibald Galbraith Brown b. February 7, 1852, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. March 9, 1898

3. Eliza Peneke Brown b. July 31, 1853, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. July 23, 1863

3. George Brown b. April 23, 1855, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. April 29, 1874

102 3. Louisa Tolme Brown b. July 29, 1857, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. April 18, 1859

3. Charles Tolme Brown b. February 12, 1859, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. February 12, 1920

└ +Emma Hayden Brown b. June 6, 1872; d. November 28, 1909

4. George Frederick Tolme Brown b. July 23, 1896; d. before 1990

└ +Unknown

5. Alastair Charles Tolme Brown b. March 6, 1925

3. Alexander Brown b. November 8, 1860, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. January 13, 1878

3. Agnes Smith b. May 8, 1863, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom

3. Thomas Tolme Brown b. September 3, 1866, Glasgow, Glasgow City, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. May 19, 1867

3. Anita Longmuir b. September 3, 1870

103 └ +William Longmuir b. 1862, Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom; d. circa 1945

4. Louisa Tolme Stewart b. September 19, 1895, Gorakhpur, Fatehabad, Haryana, India; d. after 1975, Killearn, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom

└ +David Macfarlane Stewart b. 1878; d. 1950

5. Elsie Mary Murray b. February 16, 1917; d. before 1960

└ +William Arbuckle Murray

6. David Murray b. circa 1942

4. Eliza Findley Longmuir b. August 25, 1898, Gorakhpur, Fatehabad, Haryana, India; d. October 28, 1941

4. Anita Margaret Hobson b. June 23, 1911

2. Julian Horn Tolme b. January 28, 1836, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. December 25, 1878, Lindfield, West Sussex, England, United Kingdom

104 └ +Sara Tolme b. Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

3. Thomas Tolme b. circa 1873; d. circa 1874

2. Eliza Schenley Blyth b. May 5, 1838, Havana, Havana, Cuba; d. October 9, 1912, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

└ +Edmund Kell Blyth b. 1834; d. September 28, 1909

3. Doctor (of law - LL.D) Charles Frederick Tolme Blyth b. April 20, 1868

└ +Agatha Blyth

4. Edmund Kell Blyth b. November 15, 1898, Harrow, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

4. Margaret Joy Blyth b. December 24, 1900

└ +Geoffrey Dowson

5. Eve Dowson

5. Gay Dowson

5. Camilla Dowson

105 3. Edmund Delacourt Tolme Blyth b. November 3, 1869; d. April 28, 1872

3. Willia Ellis Tolme Blyth b. May 21, 1872; d. January 12, 1901, South Africa

3. Julian Tolme Blyth b. May 18, 1873; d. March 26, 1904

3. Evelyn Mary Tolme Dowson b. June 23, 1876

└ +Sir Oscar Follett Dowson b. October 23, 1879

4. Sylvia Rosemary Dowson, (adopted daughter) b. November 13, 1914

3. Thomas Tolme Blyth b. September 19, 1877

└ +Unknown

4. Evelyn Monica Blyth b. November 19, 1923

└ +Anita Frances Lowry Blyth b. after 1878

4. Shelagh Frances Blyth b. September 16, 1922

└ +Mary Carbutt Blyth b. 1877; d. May 29, 1920

106 3. Harold Tolme Blyth b. August 9, 1880; d. April 8, 1881

2. Emily Overmann b. November 27, 1840, of Manchester, England; d. July 17, 1893, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

└ +Florentine Theodore Overmann b. March 14, 1831, Saint Thomas, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands; d. May 2, 1904, Locarno, Locarno, Ticino, Switzerland

3. George Julian Overmann b. April 14, 1867, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d. August 13, 1940, Durban, Durban Metro, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

└ +Florence Irene Overmann b. 1886, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

└ +Jeanie Overmann b. May 10, 1870; d. August 11, 1905, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

3. Charles Tolme Overmann b. September 27, 1869, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d. circa August 8, 1961, Birkenhead, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom

└ +Mary Beatrice Overmann b. April 7, 1878, Stone, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom; d. April 9, 1959, Greasby, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom

4. Charles Theodore Overman b. November 12, 1910, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom; d. May 10, 2001,

107 Victoria, Capital, British Columbia, Canada

└ +Anne Overman b. 1914; d. 2007, Victoria, Capital, British Columbia, Canada

5. Caroline Anne Overman b. October 31, 1945, Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt

4. Mary Kathleen Tolme Davidson b. May 10, 1906, Cheadle Hulme, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d. April 1987, Truro, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom

└ +Joseph Robert Davidson b. August 10, 1901, Preston, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom; d. September 27, 1943, The Grange, 23 Shrewsbury Rd, Birkenhead, Cheshire, England; m. September 1933, Southport, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom

5. Naomi Margaret Davidson b. April 6, 1936, Upton, Birkenhead, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom; d. October 30, 2017, Winchester, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom

5. Jonathan Robert Tolme Davidson b. September 29, 1943, West Kirby, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom

└ +Margaret Gulline Davidson b.

108 June 24, 1946, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom

6. Benjamin Dudley Davidson b. November 28, 1969, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

6. Rebecca Tolme Williams b. November 8, 1972, Chapel Hill, Orange County, North Carolina, United States

└ +Bennett Williams b. circa March 17, 1972

└ +Daniel Flack b. circa 1964, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States

7. Julia Kathleen Flack b. September 6, 2002, Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina, United States

109 7. Samuel John Flack b. August 12, 2004, Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina, United States

3. Francis Christian Overmann b. June 9, 1871, Wythenshawe, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d. 1942, Parkside, Saskatchewan, Canada

└ +Irene Overmann b. August 18, 1873, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d. circa 1965

4. Reginald Florentine Overmann b. October 16, 1909, Shellbrook, Division No. 16, Saskatchewan, Canada; d. 1982

└ +Gertrude Elizabeth Overmann b. February 7, 1909

4. Dorothy Henrietta Overmann b. May 26, 1911, Shellbrook, Division No. 16, Saskatchewan, Canada; d. May 28, 1912, Shellbrook, Division No. 16,

110 Saskatchewan, Canada

4. Eric Norman Overmann b. December 3, 1913, Shellbrook, Division No. 16, Saskatchewan, Canada; d. 1986

└ +Myrtle Overmann

5. Norma Overmann b. 1945, Irricana, Division No. 6, Alberta, Canada; d. 1945

5. Marlene Myrtle Miller b. 1946

└ +Hubert Miller

6. Alan Miller b. 1963

6. Donna Miller b. 1965

6. Brian Miller b. 1966

5. Bruce Overmann b. 1948

└ +Unknown

6. Lisa Overmann b. circa 1979

111 6. Robert Overmann b. circa 1981

6. Jackson Overmann b. circa 1984

└ +Margaret Grace Overmann d. May 27, 1907, Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom

3. Mary Helen Behrens b. May 19, 1873, Wythenshawe, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d. 1952, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, England, United Kingdom

└ +Adolfo Behrens d. January 26, 1947, Rolvenden, Kent, England, United Kingdom

4. Teodoro Adolfo Behrens b. October 11, 1909, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; d. 2002, Le Croisic, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France

└ +Mary Constance Behrens d. circa 1988

5. Angela Jacqueline Behrens b. March 3, 1952

5. Juliet Ann Guillon b. July 22, 1954,

112 Kent, England, United Kingdom

└ +Roland Guillon

6. Emilie Guillon b. January 3, 1993

└ +Denis Le Breton

6. Guillaume Le Breton b. 1980

└ +Marjorie Behrens

4. Margaret ("Peggy") Isabel Ashby b. July 2, 1914, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; d. 2004, Lancashire, England

└ +Donald Ashby b. 1908; d. 1985

5. Timothy Ashby b. October 15, 1938

└ +Patricia Ashby

6. Dunstan Ashby b. 1964; d. 1986

113 6. Piers Ashby b. 1967; d. 1978

5. Robin Ashby b. 1941; d. 2006

└ +Anita Ashby b. 1943

6. Clare Bethann Hutchings b. 1970

└ +-Peter Hutchings

6. Gwyn Tudor Ashby b. 1973

5. Patricia Ellacott b. 1946

└ +Michael Ellacott

6. Thomas Mark Ellacott b. 1973

└ +Irene Gomez Ellacott b. 1971

6. Ruth Lowenna Alberici b.

114 1974

└ +Sacha Alberici b. 1972

6. Hannah Margaret Walton b. 1980

└ +Andrew Walton

5. Simon Ashby b. 1948, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom

└ +Lynn Deering

6. Zoe Alyssa Ashby- Deering b. 1995

6. Tanami Rose Ashby- Deering b. 1997

3. Henrietta Adelaide Gleichsner Colt b. July 28, 1879, Wythenshawe, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom; d.

115 September 1947, Bethersden, Kent, England, United Kingdom

└ +Anton William Gleichsner Colt b. 1888, Germany; d. 1945, Bethersden, Kent, England, United Kingdom

4. Charles Francis Mick Colt b. 1911, Lymm, Warrington, England, United Kingdom; d. 1985, Bethersden, Kent, England, United Kingdom

└ +Lore Barbara Colt b. 1915, Munich, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany; d. 2016, Canterbury, Kent, England

116 Other Books by the Author

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: DSM-IV and Beyond. American Psychiatric Press, 1993. (With Edna Foa). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment. Martin Dunitz, 2000. (With David Nutt and Joseph Zohar). Clinician’s Manual on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Science Press, 2000. (With Rachel Yehuda). Herbs for the Mind: What Science Tells Us About Nature’s Remedies for Depression, Stress, Memory Loss and Insomnia. The Guilford Press, 2000. (With Kathryn Connor). Clinician’s Manual on Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Science Press, 2004. Social Anxiety Disorder: Pocket Manual. Current Medicine LLC, 2004. The Anxiety Book. Developing Strength in the Face of Fear. Riverhead Books, 2003. Downing Street Blues: A History of Depression and Other Mental Afflictions in British Prime Ministers. McFarland & Company Publishers, 2011. A Century of Homeopaths: Their Influence on Medicine and Health. Springer, 2014.

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