How US Physicists First Came to Work at CERN
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The Birth and Childhood of a Couple of Twin Brothers V
Proceedings of ICFA Mini-Workshop on Impedances and Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Benevento, Italy, 18-22 September 2017, CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1/2018, CERN-2018-003-CP (CERN, Geneva, 2018) THE BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD OF A COUPLE OF TWIN BROTHERS V. G. Vaccaro, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy Abstract The context in which the concepts of Coupling Imped- Looking Far ance and Universal Stability Charts were born is de- scribed in this paper. The conclusion is that the simulta- Even before the successful achievements of PS and neous appearance of these two concepts was unavoidable. AGS, the scientific community was aware that another step forward was needed. Indeed, the impact of particles INTRODUCTION against fixed targets is very inefficient from the point of view of the energy actually available: for new experi- At beginning of 40’s, the interest around proton accel- ments, much more efficient could be the head on colli- erators seemed to quickly wear out: they were no longer sions between counter-rotating high-energy particles. able to respond to the demand of increasing energy and intensity for new investigations on particle physics. With increasing energy, the energy available in the Inertial Frame (IF) with fixed targets is incomparably Providentially important breakthrough innovations smaller than in the head-on collision (HC). If we want the were accomplished in accelerator science, which pro- same energy in IF using fixed targets, one should build duced leaps forward in the performances of particle ac- gigantic accelerators. In the fixed target case (FT), ac- celerators. cording to relativistic dynamics, an HC-equivalent beam should have the following energy. -
Vol 15 No 2, Spring 2009
Search Lites Vol. 15 No. 2, Spring 2009 The Quarterly Newsletter of The SETI League, Inc. Offices: 433 Liberty Street Alpha Centauri, Here We Come PO Box 555 by Paul Gilster, Tau Zero Foundation Little Ferry NJ 07643 USA I'm always fascinated with the way the media handle nearby stars and the plan- ets that may orbit them, especially as our inventory of confirmed planets continues Phone: to grow. A recent National Geographic television special is a case in point. The (201) 641-1770 show's graphics were superb, its narration gripping. But how puzzling to run into a Facsimile: (201) 641-1771 fundamental misunderstanding about our nearest stellar neighbors. Email: [email protected] In "Journey to the Edge of the Universe," putative travelers have moved out Web: through the Solar System, passing (an ingenious touch) the various probes and arti- www.setileague.org facts we humans have scattered from Mercury out to the Kuiper Belt. As we move President/Registered Agent: to the nearest stars, we pass what is obviously the red dwarf Proxima Centauri and Richard Factor make for the binaries Centauri A and B. Describing them, the narrator says, "Not Secretary/Treasurer: one but three stars, spinning around each other locked in a celestial standoff, each A. Heather Wood star's gravity attracting the other, their blazing orbital speed keeping them apart." Executive Director Emeritus: H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D. And then this: "Get between them and we'd be vaporized." Trustee: Not a chance. We don't yet know whether there are planets around Centauri A Martin Schreiber, CPA or B. -
Friends and Colleagues Look at Aspects of Cocconi's Lifelong Interest in the Cosmos and Recent Developments in Modern Physics
TRIBUTE Giuseppe Cocconi and his love of the cosmos Friends and colleagues look at aspects of Cocconi’s lifelong interest in the cosmos and recent developments in modern physics, revealing a physicist of remarkable perception. In 1938 Giuseppe Cocconi published his first paper, “On the spectrum of cosmic radiation”. His last unpublished note of December 2005 bore the title “Arguments in favour of a personal interpre- tation of extra galactic cosmic rays”. No better indication could be given of his deep interest in astronomy and astrophysics, which lasted until he died in November 2008 aged 94 (CERN Courier March 2009 p36). The fields that he pioneered are now witnessing exciting new developments. Over the past six months they have reminded us of his many contributions to physics; his simple, direct way to conceive and perform experiments; and his unique way of presenting the sub- jects that he loved. In this article we describe some of these events and recall what Giuseppe contributed to the various fields. Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi check cosmic-ray shower detectors. This Giuseppe’s interest in the cosmos began when he was in his teens. photograph appeared in an article in the world famous magazine Life in He would design sundials for friends’ villas around his home town of November 1948. (Courtesy Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images.) Como, observe the sky and read as much about it as he could. Late one evening, he happened to observe the fall of some Perseid mete- and little about their composition. ors at an unexpected time. -
October 1986
C Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Monthly Report October 1986 'Ht», i't:.t"tS?t M Fermi/ab Report is published monthly by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Technical Publications Office, P.O. Box 500, MS 107, Batavia, IL, 60510 U.S.A. (312) 840-3278 Editors: R.A. Carrigan, Jr., F.T. Cole, R. Fenner, L. Voyvodic Contributing Editors: D. Beatty, M. Bodnarczuk, R. Craven, D. Green, L. McLerran, S. Pruss, R. Vidal Editorial Assistant: S. Winchester The presentation of material in Fermilab Report is not intended to substitute for nor preclude its publication in a professional journal, and references to articles herein should not be cited in such journals. Contributions, comments, and requests for copies should be addressed to the Fermilab Technical Publications Office. 86/8 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 0090.01 011 the cover: M. Stanley Livingston (May 25, 1905 - August 25, 1986) and Ernest 0. Lawrence beside one of the earliest cyclotrons ca. 1933. A remembrance of M.S. Livingston begins on page 21 of this issue. Operated by Universities Research Association, Inc., under contract with the United States Department of Energy Table of Contents Who's Who in the Upcoming Fixed-Target Run? Mark W. Bodnarczuk Saturday Morning Physics: a Report Card 17 Drasko Jovanovic, Barbara Grannis, and Marjorie Bardeen M. Stanley Livingston; 1905 - 1986 21 F.T. Cole Manuscripts, Notes, Lectures, and Colloquia Prepared or Presented from September 21 to October 20, 1986 23 Dates to Remember inside back cover Who's Who in the Upcoming Fixed-Target Physics Run? Mark W. Bodnarczuk Introduction The purpose of this article is to identify the 16 experiments and major test beam programs that will operate during the upcoming fixed-target run scheduled to begin in the middle of March 1987. -
Center for History of Physics Newsletter, Spring 2008
One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843, CENTER FOR HISTORY OF PHYSICS NIELS BOHR LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Tel. 301-209-3165 Vol. XL, Number 1 Spring 2008 AAS Working Group Acts to Preserve Astronomical Heritage By Stephen McCluskey mong the physical sciences, astronomy has a long tradition A of constructing centers of teaching and research–in a word, observatories. The heritage of these centers survives in their physical structures and instruments; in the scientific data recorded in their observing logs, photographic plates, and instrumental records of various kinds; and more commonly in the published and unpublished records of astronomers and of the observatories at which they worked. These records have continuing value for both historical and scientific research. In January 2007 the American Astronomical Society (AAS) formed a working group to develop and disseminate procedures, criteria, and priorities for identifying, designating, and preserving structures, instruments, and records so that they will continue to be available for astronomical and historical research, for the teaching of astronomy, and for outreach to the general public. The scope of this charge is quite broad, encompassing astronomical structures ranging from archaeoastronomical sites to modern observatories; papers of individual astronomers, observatories and professional journals; observing records; and astronomical instruments themselves. Reflecting this wide scope, the members of the working group include historians of astronomy, practicing astronomers and observatory directors, and specialists Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Santa encounters tight security during in astronomical instruments, archives, and archaeology. a wartime visit to Oak Ridge. Many more images recently donated by the Digital Photo Archive, Department of Energy appear on page 13 and The first item on the working group’s agenda was to determine through out this newsletter. -
2007 Annual Report APS
American Physical Society APS 2007 Annual Report APS The AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY strives to: Be the leading voice for physics and an authoritative source of physics information for the advancement of physics and the benefit of humanity; Collaborate with national scientific societies for the advancement of science, science education, and the science community; Cooperate with international physics societies to promote physics, to support physicists worldwide, and to foster international collaboration; Have an active, engaged, and diverse membership, and support the activities of its units and members. Cover photos: Top: Complementary effect in flowing grains that spontaneously separate similar and well-mixed grains into two charged streams of demixed grains (Troy Shinbrot, Keirnan LaMarche and Ben Glass). Middle: Face-on view of a simulation of Weibel turbulence from intense laser-plasma interactions. (T. Haugbolle and C. Hededal, Niels Bohr Institute). Bottom: A scanning microscope image of platinum-lace nanoballs; liposomes aggregate, providing a foamlike template for a platinum sheet to grow (DOE and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM). Text paper is 50% sugar cane bagasse pulp, 50% recycled fiber, including 30% post consumer fiber, elemental chlorine free. Cover paper is 50% recycled, including 15% post consumer fiber, elemental chlorine free. Annual Report Design: Leanne Poteet/APS/2008 Charts: Krystal Ferguson/APS/2008 ast year, 2007, started out as a very good year for both the American Physical Society and American physics. APS’ journals and meetings showed solidly growing impact, sales, and attendance — with a good mixture Lof US and foreign contributions. In US research, especially rapid growth was seen in biophysics, optics, as- trophysics, fundamental quantum physics and several other areas. -
Cross Sections
Cross Sections DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SPRING 2003 Second department alumnus to win the Nobel Prize © THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Physics and Astronomy • SPRING 2003 Message from the Chair —Arie Bodek graduates, Laura Schmidt and Elizabeth tributed generously to the support of the Because of the great success of the Strychalski were awarded the Catherine department. By completing the form on sesquicentennial celebration, the Uni- Block and Janet Howell Prizes in 2002, the back cover of our newsletter, or by versity has initiated a new tradition and Jason Nordhaus and David Etlinger responding to our current drive for the of hosting a Meliora won Goldwater Scholarships. Mandel endowment, you can continue Weekend reunion every Over the years we have given high (or begin) that tradition of giving that year (see www.rochester. priority to the training of our under- will assure the future excellence of the edu/alumni/). The theme graduate and graduate students. This department. in fall 2003 is “Innova- attention has not gone unnoticed and Other ways to help our cause is to in- tion,” and we plan to has just been recognized in a nation- form any promising students about our highlight the most wide survey of U.S. graduate students summer undergraduate research program recent innovations and conducted in 2001. The Department of (REU), and to encourage students inter- discoveries in physics and astronomy. Physics and Astronomy at Rochester was ested in careers in physics or astronomy We encourage all our alumni and friends ranked second nationwide in overall to apply for graduate study at Rochester. -
ATLAS Installs Final Big Wheel
I n t e r n at I o n a l J o u r n a l o f H I g H - e n e r g y P H y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 47 n u m b e r 9 n o V e m b e r 2 0 07 ATLAS installs final big wheel DESY LHC FOCUS BROOKHAVEN FLASH makes pulses Preparing for the Ernest Courant looks at design energy p8 data onslaught p17 back 60 years p26 CCNovCover.indd 1 17/10/07 10:45:38 Project8 9/10/07 10:38 Page 1 NIM CAMAC VME NIMbox CC-USB VME-USB VDIS2 A programmable NIM Module with Controller with USB Controller with USB Diagnostic USB Interface Interface Interface Module for VME ! NPN20 - Progr.Logic Unit, 20 NIM I/O ! NPT20 - Progr. Logic Unit, 20 TTL I/O ! NDL8 - Leading Edge 8-fold Discriminator ! NAD4 - 100 MHz 4 channel F-ADC ! NDA8 - 100 MHz 8 PCI and VME channel DAC, e.g. adapters for CAMAC for detector are also available simulation ! New! Scaler, TDC, MLU, CQ16 MDGG8 ADC2530 and moreÖ 16 channel 12 bit CAMAC Progr. Delay and Gate 8 channel peak QDC, down to 25fC/count Generator, Scaler sensing 13 bit ADC USB cable, driver and software included Desk version (Nembox) for didactical experiments available Developed in collaboration with University of Heidelberg www.wiener-d.com Plein & Baus GmbH. Muellersbaum 20, 51399 Burscheid, Germany Phone: +49 (0)2174 6780, Fax: +49 (0)2174 678 55 CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. -
Neutrons in the Material Work
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS COURIER roHIBIBBMfflBEHJl APRIL 2000 Neutrons in the material work QUARK GLUON PLASMA NEUTRINO BEAMS DOUBLY MAGIC NICKEL Nuclear beams point back to Out of stored muons will come A new isotope with stable proton the Big Bang pl3 forth abundant neutrinos pl7 and neutron shells p27 CAB U 1 Vacuum Connectivity COMPONENTS FOR VACUUM SCIENCE AND PRECISION MOVEMENT UHV Feedthroughs UHV Fibre Optic Feedthroughs • Allows fibre-optic connection from inside the vacuum system to external instrumentation • Bakeableto 200°Cand constructed only from silica and aluminium • Available in two specifications forUVor IR use Coaxial BNC Cable Assemblies • Bakeableto 250°C • General purpose'user end'and a special coaxial fitting for push- on connection to standard BNC electrical feedthroughs • Made from KAP50 cable UHV Subminiature D & C Connector Feedthroughs • 9,15, 25 and now a new 50-way industry standard UHV D-Connector feedthrough • UHVSubminiature-C 9 pin Connector Feedthrough on DN16CF • High-vacuum or UHV internal screw-on connectors with a range of flange configurations Other products are available in the Vacuum Connectivity Brochure free from our Sales Office Gaburn-MDC Limited The Old Dairy, Glynde East Sussex BN8 6SJ United Kingdom Tel:+44 (0)1273 858585 Fax: +44 (0)1273 858561 [email protected] www.aaburn.co.uk CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to Member State governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly except January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. -
BNL Bulletin
the Vol. 61B - No. 17 ulletin May 18, 2007 Distinguished Scientist Emeritus Ernest Courant All Are Welcome to Attend Honored by University of Rochester CFN Ribbon Cutting Ceremony he University of Rochester, where BNL’s Dis- 5/21, 11 a.m. Ttinguished Scientist Emeritus Ernest Courant earned his Ph.D. in 1943, will honor him with the Rochester Distinguished Scholar Medal at this year’s A Highlight of the 2007 Joint NSLS/CFN commencement ceremony, to be held tomorrow, May Users’ Meeting, 5/21-23 19. The University issued the following press release citing Courant and his work: All scientists who work in particle physics today owe a debt to Ernest Courant. His groundbreaking D0180602 scholarship has changed the way we think about and understand the structure of the universe. One of the trio of researchers who originated D0230500 the idea of “strong focusing” accelerators, Pro- fessor Courant is one of the founding fathers of modern high-energy particle physics. Thanks to Professor Courant’s breakthrough in developing Roger Stoutenburgh the first high-energy, strong focusing accelera- he 2007 Joint National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) tor—and the particle accelerators that have fol- and Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) Users’ Roger Stoutenburgh T lowed since—physicists have been able to peek Meeting will be held at Berkner Hall from Monday, May 21 inside individual atoms to understand the funda- At BNL, Courant joined the Proton Synchrotron Di- through Wednesday, May 23. The meeting is a forum for re- mental structure of matter, the forces holding it vision as an associate scientist in June 1948. -
C-AD Particle Post
C-AD Particle Post Particle Post June 2007 "Life is a pure flame, and we live by an invisible sun within us" ~Thomas Browne To review previous issues A Note From Our Chairman The RHIC Retreat on July 16-17 will have machine availability as one of its foci. The run this year has a binary character to it. Either we have many stores back-to-back or we have stores separated by large time intervals due to equipment failures or operations inefficiencies. There is a lot to be discussed and then worked on. Despite the difficulties, we are close to the maximum estimated delivered luminosity for Run 7. It is clear that we have the potential to do even better. Stochastic cooling is a great success. We are now a factor of 5 away from our enhanced luminosity goal proposed with electron cooling of ions. C-AD proved once again that it was worthy of ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 recertification. Congratulations for getting through the audit with no identified deficiencies and a commendable practice. The DOE Inspector Generals Office will be at BNL in early June to look at cyber security. Remember the rules to have screen savers that timeout after 15-30 minutes of non-use, passwords, lock your offices when leaving and do NOT access adult material websites. June 14 is our Barbeque. Don’t forget to buy a ticket and be in the running for some great prizes and of course great food. Administration Despite the uncertain start to FY 2007, the Department’s financial health is excellent. -
N.Y. 11F73 INS Mcsnff IS Wum\I I EDITOR's FOREWORD
BNL 51377 MOOKHAVfN NATIONAL LAKMtATORY IRC* N.Y. 11f73 INS MCSNff IS WUm\i i EDITOR'S FOREWORD The planning and organization of this celebration was done by John Blewett, Ted Kycia, Vinnie LoDestro, Lyle Smith and Carl Thien, under the general direction of Ronald Rau and with the invaluable assistance of Kit D'Ambrosio. The logo which graces the cover of these symposium proceedings was de- signed by Per Dahl. The job of transcribing the tapes was done by Anna Kissel, and it was often a challenging one! I am to blame for the editing, which I hope has not distorted history too much. Joyce Ricciardelli has very ably produced the final manuscript and seen it through the complex process of publica- tion. All of us took pleasure and pride in celebrating the AGS and in putting this book together, and we hope you enjoy it. - iii - Preface On March 17, 1960, a beam was first introduced into the newly constructed Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. On March 26, a hundred turns of circulation were achieved, and on July 29 the beam WJS first accelerated to the design energy of 30 GeV. Thus, hewever one defines the exact start of life during the series of steps by which a new accelerator is made operational, the year 1960 marks the start-up of the AGS, and in 1980 we cele- brate the twentieth anniversary of that event. The AGS, together with the newly functioning PS at CERN, carried particle physics into a new world of higher energies and unanticipated discoveries. The AGS and the PS both embodied the new principle of strong focusing and demonstrated that, with its aid, a new era of particle accelerators haJ opened.