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Volume XXX No. 8 August, 1975 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAJm OF XWBH RBUmS Bl 6REAT BRITAHI

had to change their abode. Judging from past experience it was, however, to be expected PROGRESS AND NEW PROBLEMS that they would soon overcome initial difficul­ ties and settle down well in their new en­ vironment. It was also a source of deep regret General Meeting of the AJR that the House Committee of Otto Hirsch House would cease to function. All of its The variety of tasks to be fulfilled by the The speaker then gave a detailed report members had been deeply attached to the ^•IR and the changes it has to undergo lest it about the policy concerning the Homes, jointly Home and done wonderful teamwork under becomes stagnant became evident anew at administered by the AJR and the CBF. The their successive chairmen. Dr. Walter Dux, this year's Annual General Meeting, held on work in this field commenced 20 years ago, Mr. H. C. Mayer and Dr. Laura Stein. Special June 17 at Haimah Karminski House. when the first residential Home for the Aged, thanks were due to all House Committee mem­ After his welcoming address, Mr. W. M. Otto Schiff House, was opened. It was followed bers. Sehr, OBE, chairman of the AJR paid tribute by the establishment of Leo Baeck House and Dealing with the finances of the Homes, to the memory of the honorary officers who otto Hirsch House in 1958 and Heinrich Stahl the speaker reported that during the nine had passed away during the year. The Execu­ House in 1962. Altogether these Homes com­ months July 1974 to April 1975 the total defi­ tive sustained severe losses by the deaths of prise 152 single rooms and 17 double rooms. cits of the four ordinary Homes amounted to Mr. F. W. Ury, who was also a member of During tlie first years there were long waiting £15,000, of which Otto Hirsch House had the the Management Committee for the Homes lists. Yet gradually the situation changed and proportionally highest share, and for Osmond 3nd chairman of the House Committee of Leo the admission policy could be relaxed. As a House to £22,500. The costs for the total year, ^aeck House, and of Mr. Richard Schneider, first step, most of those double rooms which ending June 1975, which were not yet worked *ho had been associated with the work of the were not required by married couples were out at the time of the meeting, would, however, ^JR since its inception. The AJR also lost its used as single rooms. Several years ago it also be considerably higher, especially in view of Soard members Dr. L. Eschwege and Mr. P. became possible to lift the barrier which the new wage scales for nurses and auxiliaries Mosbacher. originally excluded applicants with compara­ which came into force on April 1. Under this In his general report. Dr. W. Rosenstock tively larger incomes or assets. aspect, the closure of Otto Hirsch House was (General Secretary) stated that one of the In the course of the last two years the situ­ a step in the right direction. The decrease of outstanding successes of the AJR during the ation, however, underwent even further the current deficits and, above all, the proceeds year under review was the introduction of a changes. There was an increasing number of from the sale of the Home would extend the special clause in the Finance Act 1974, re- cases in which applicants showed a certain t jne for which the reserves of the funds would Germany, of which the AJR is the British gradually decreasing. To secure the continuity signature of the AJR General Secretary to constituent. of the work of the AJR all members should, the Secretary of the British Academy. therefore, render their financial support to the "The recent publication of Mr. R. Skidelsky's Taxation of Pensions AJR to the best of their ability. biography of Sir Oswald Mosley was raised at the May meeting of the Executive Com­ Dr. F. E. Falk, supplementing the report by During the discussion Dr. Eric Dux pleaded mittee of this Associaition. I have been asked Dr. Rosenstock on taxation, stated that after for a reconsideration of the decision to close to express to you formally the Committee's the passing of the Finance Act 1974 a further Otto Hirsch House. The chairman replied that deep concem at the allocation of funds to Memorandum had been submitted to the the decision had been taken after very careful this project from our thanks offering. authorities giving full details of the German consideration. Efforts to preserve the Home and Austrian laws concerning pensions payable as a Jewish Home, not specifically run for Jew­ Your members will undoubtedly recall ish former refugees, had also failed, because that the Thank-Offering to Britain Fund to Nazi victims. This had assisted the Inland Revenue in applying the new clause, and guide none of the Jewish welfare organisations had derives from donations mainly from Jewish felt in a position of acquiring the house. refugees who came to the United Kingdom lines based on it had been issued to Inspectors of Taxes. He also mentioned efforts made to Mr. L. Spiro, member of the AJR Executive, as victims of Nazi persecution and who pointed out that after initial misgivings he created this Fund as a token of their appre­ have German and Austrian Social Insurance Invalidity Pensions completely exempted from too had reluctantly come to the conclusion ciation to the British people. that it was not possible to retain the Home. Members of our Executive Committee re­ UK tax. Our representatives, supported by MPa Geoffrey Finsberg and Greville Janner, QC, The position was similar to that now often main dismayed that so highly respected an experienced in other spheres, where the alter­ institution as your Academy should have recently had a meeting with the Treasury Chief Secretary, Mr. Joel Barnett, MP, in this matter native was either to close one work or to risl< seen fit to provide from a Fund of this l)ankruptcy of five. nature financial support for the writing of at which representations concerning certain the iMography of a personality whose philo­ Austrian private pensions were also made. (On Mr. Egon Larsen reported about a resolution sophy and active teaching caused our mem­ going to press, we are advised that the foreign recently passed in London by the PEN Centre bers profound grief over many years. They Invalidity Pensions, which correspond to of German language authors abroad concerning wish to express the earnest hope that the British National Insurance Invalidity Benefits, the possibility of avoiding the envisaged tran.s- British Academy, and particularly the will be exempt from U.K. tax from the tax fer of the Wiener Library to Tel Aviv in some members of the committee concemed, will year 1974/5 onwards. More information will years' time by using proceeds from the "Thank- display a greater degree of consideration and be published in our next issue.—The Ed.) You Britain" Fund for its maintenance. Mr- thoughtfulness when selecting future fellow­ Dr. Falk further mentioned an Inland Behr, who is also chairman of the Wiener ships associated with the Thank-Offering to Revenue ruling under which double tax relief Library, stated that he did not consider it Britain Fund." was allowable for the whole of the German tax feasible to follow up this suggestion and that, apart from this, the sums required would any­ In his reply the Secretary of the British deducted from public service pensions (within the ordinary limits for double tax relief), not­ how considerably exceed the payments which Academy states that the members of his Com­ might become available in this way. mittee fully understand the feelings of the withstanding that only one-half of these pen­ members of the AJR in this matter. To ex­ sions would be liable to UK tax. In the ensuing elections, the members of the plain the circumstances in which the research Executive and Board, listed in our June issue, fellowship for a study of Mosley and British Financial Report were re-elected and the following new Board fascism was awarded, he points out that Dr. members were co-opted: Mr. A. E. Lieberman Skidelsky's application was very strongly sup­ In his capacity as hon. treasurer Dr F. E. (Chairman of the House Committee of Hein­ ported by two eminent Oxford professors. "The Falk then gave the Financial Report for the rich Stahl House), Dr. L. Nelken (Chairman work which Dr. Skidelsky had already pub­ year 1974. He stated that, thanks to the helpful­ of the K.C. in Great Britain and Vice-Chairman lished, including a book on the second Labour ness and understanding of the members, the of the Theodor Herzl Society), and Mr. F. Govemment ("Politicians in the Slump ", 1967) income had gone up from £19,500 in 1973 to Worms (Hon. District President of B'nai . . . gave the Committee every reason to be­ £22,000 in 1974. On the other hand, the expen­ B'rith). lieve that he would produce an objective and diture rose from £27,400 to about £32,000. The In the second part of the meeting, Miss Lucie impartial historical account . . . Once a grant major part of the deficit was covered by an Schachne gave a most interesting talk under to a scholar is made, the Academy would re­ BiUocation out of the funds of the Jewish Trust the heading "Striking New Roots", the con­ gard it as wholly improper to seek to influence Corporation, administered by the CBF. The tents of which are reported on page 12 of the scholar's judgement. This naturally involves net expenses for AJR Information (i.e., after this issue. Mr. C. T. Marx, Vice-Chairman of certain risks, which is the price of academic deduction of income from advertisements) the AJR, moved a vote of thanks to the speaker. freedom." In conclusion, the Secretary writes : amounted to £5,000. However, this only repre­ "I shall, of course, make members of our com­ sented the actual payments for printing and mittee aware of your executive committee's despatch, and to these the apportioned over­ criticisms and its hopes for the future which, head expenses had to be added, which AGAIN AN EXTREME RIGHT-WING in view of the deep sympathy with your very amounted to £3,500. The speaker appealed to TREND? natural feeling shown by individual members, members who run business enterprises of one will I am sure be taken to heart". (A review kind or another to help in decreasing the costs German Land Minister's Warning of R. Skidelsky's book, especially as far as it by advertising in our monthly. He also referred In his annual report about questions of internal security, the Minister of the Interior of the Land Rhineland-Palatinate, Heinz Schwar? (CDU), referred to increasing activi­ ties by Right-wing groups. He especially men­ tioned the "Junge Nationaldemokraten", who disagreed with the national conservative ideo­ Greyhound Guaranty Limited logy of the NPD and sympathised with social Bankers revolutionary tendencies. "A certain, though small number of people join hands with mil}" tant neo-Nazi groups, which do not shrinK 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR, from threats of assassination, arson and similar crimes." Their aim, the report states, is the destruction of democracy. Nazi crimes are LONDON, WIX 3 LB played down, antisemitic hatred is propagated; and the taking of hostages approved. "Though, Telephone: 01-629 1208 the Minister stated, "there is no acute danger- further developments in extreme Right- and Telex: 22465 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l Left-wing groups will have to be watcheo with particular carefulness". •B.«»^V.1^««».,»^^.^-«»:..rW«»,«»«^

AIR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLO'JVDAICA Antisemitism Warning QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY HONOURS RACE RELATIONS ACT At a council meeting of the AngloJewish The Queen's birthday hcmours list of life Following an invitation issued by the Home Association Mr. Victor Lucas, the president, peers includes Sir Leslie Lever, former MP for OfBce to interested organisations to send advice referred to the current economic situation. Manchester, Ardwick, and brother of Mr. Harold and recommendations on improving race rela­ He wamed that we must be ever alert to "the Lever, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; tions legislation and machinery prior to the need for protecting the Jewish community, even jud Mr. Sydney Jacobson, until recently edi­ publication in the autumn of a Government in this country, from the type of antisemitic torial director and deputy chairman of the White Paper on race relations policy, the Board attacks which history has taught us always uitermational Publishing Corporation. Dr Peter of Deputies has sent a memorandum to Mr. Roy become part of the scene when inflation and Bernard Hirsch, FRS, Isaac Wolfson Professor Jenkins and the House of Commons select unetmployment bring general dissatisfaction of Metallurgy, Oxford University, and Mr. committee on race relations, urging the with life and which taint normal attitudes Anthony Baruh Lousada, former chairman of strengthening of the Race Relations Act. of fair play and democracy". the Board of Trastees of the Tate Gallery, are The memorandum calls for the deletion of among the new knights. the intent provision in regard to incitement to The CB has been awarded to John Moss racial hatred contained m Section 6 of the Youth Problems and Assimilation "oolf, deputy chairman. Board of Customs Act. The board points out that this provision |nd Excise; and the CBE to Mrs. Marie Jahoda has been a major stumbling block in mitiating Delegates of provincial representative coun­ Albu, emeritus professor of social psychology prosecutions, allowing some of the most vicious cils who met in Southport were addressed by *t Sussex University, for services to psychology. types of racist provocations to go unpunished. Mr. A. Infeld, director of the youth and hecha­ Accompanied by a selection of antisemitic lutz department of the Jewish Agency, who The list also includes the following awards : literature, the memorandum draws attention spoke on "Youth Problems and Assimilation". JJBE to Lt.-Col. Harold Isaac Charkham, Royal to "the diflScult economic situation facing this Over 30 per cent of Jewish youth in this ^orps of Transport (retired); Professor Emst country and the experience gleaned from country, said Mr. Infeld, had just ceased to jioseph Cohn (as already reported in our pre­ recent history that racial hatred can be in­ be Jews. vious issue); Miss Miriam Karlin (Samuels) the flamed in times of economic stress and political actress; Mr. F. P. Kom, a former refugee and uncertainty". Mr. Infeld, who is Orthodox, in a scathing •Jember of the AJR, for services to export; attack on "traditional" Judaism, declared that Mr. Jacques Rotenberg, a diamond merchant, CHIEF RABBI CONDEMNS HOMAGE "Shabbat and kashrut are not the be-all and Who advises the Board of Customs and Excise TO MOYNE KILLERS end-all of being Jewish". Without an inner ^ diamonds and precious stones; Mr. Alfred sense of commitment this was empty and Woolf, president of the United Synagogue; Anglo-Jewish communal leaders, led by the mechanical. True Jews were those who could ^d to Mr. David Alexander Lyons for services Chief Rabbi, Dr. Immanuel Jakobovits, and in­ criticise their communal institutions, but there to the Southwark commimity. cluding a number of prominent Zionists and was an inability in young Jews today to ex­ benefactors of Israeli causes have expressed press themselves out aloud. They preferred MBE to Mr. John Montagu Carter, formerly their anguish over the public honours paid to "drop out" rather than fight for what they "lanaging director of a Nottingham firm of in Israel to the killers of Lord Moyne. fci a believed in. fluilting and sewing machinery makers, for personal letter to the Israeli Prime Minister, services to export; Mr. Colin Craster, director Mr. Itzhak Rabin, the Chief Rabbi said that In the discussion which followed Mr. Victor ^ Craster's Military Tailors, Catterick Garrison, Jewish law had always demanded that every Mishcon said that the youth of today were J.orkshire; Mrs. Hannah Glucksmamn, health respect be accorded to the dead, especially to appalled by the dropping standards of Jewish •isitor, Croydon Area Health Authority, who judicially executed criminals. "'There is, how­ adults. *»s bom in Berlin and came to this country ever, a patent difference between respect for ?J a refugee from Nazism; and Mrs. Rika Rixi executed persons and that which might be JJarkus, the former bridge correspondent of understood as glorifying the act for which they First Woman Rabbi the "Jewish Chronicle". were condemned". Similar sentiments were expressed by a num­ Twenty-six-year-old Mrs. Jacqueline Tabick (n6e Acker) is Britain's first woman rabbi XSABTTIADE BOYCOTT PROTESTS ber of other Jewish leaders, among them mem­ bers of the Sieff, Sacher and Rothschild and the third in the world (two have been Parliament families as well as Dr. S. Levenberg, the repre­ ordained in the United States). She made her sentative of the Jewish Agency in London and debut at a thanksgiving service held recently In the House of Commons further protests a vice-president of the Board of Deputies. at the Liberal Jewish Synagogue, St. John's V' the Arab trade boycott were made in the Wood, London, together with six fellow S*in of questions to Mr. Eric Deakins, Under­ RICHARD GROSSMAN MEMORIAL FOREST graduates from the Leo Baeck College. secretary for Trade. Mr. Leslie Huckfield called jOr a statement on Govemment policy, protest- At a ceremony, held in the House of Com­ "'S that the boycott was continuing and that mons, a certificate denoting the planting at ZF Schools Support E^ssure was mounting all the time. Mr. Yishi of 13,000 trees in the Richard Crossman ^eakins replied that it had always been made Forest was presented to the widow of the late Supporters of the Zionist Federation day ^'ear that the Government were opposed to Cabinet Minister, Mrs. Anne Crossman. In a school network in Britain who attended the "Dd deplored the Arab trade boycott. warm reference to Israel, the Prime Minister, ZF Educational Trast's annual supper party Mr. Harold Wilson, spoke of his unforgettable in London, donated £60,000. The schools were Mr. Greville Janner, QC, asked for an assur- visit to the Weizmann Memorial Museum, necessary, they were told, to "save aa many ptice that neither British Leyland nor any other which commemorated the considerable British children as possible from the assimilation that ^oncem in which the public held a substantial contribution to the upbuilding of Israel, in is around the comer, that is threatening our fi3it would bow to "this deplorable boycott". which the late Richard Crossman had played very existence". f|e was told by Mr. Deakins that the commer­ such an important role. Mrs. Margaret Thatcher cial policy of firms, whether or not there was said that though she was politically opposed ?, public element, was a matter primarily for to Crossman: "We were both on the same Communal Rights for Women ^« managements concemed. Previously having side when it came to Israel". Lord Byers, the JUswered questions with regard to British Liberal peer, also spoke, and Lord Boothby was A seminar on "Jewish Feminism"—the first i'eyland, he believed he had been able to in the chair. The vote of thanks was moved of its kind—^was held at Carmel College in ^tisfy the House that British Leyland's policies by Lord Janner. The historical significance of Wallingford, Berkshire, organised under the ^ere correct. the event was highlighted by the presence, Jewish Women's Group and attended by some among others, of Winston Churchill, MP, 20 women from London and the provinces who Commerce grandson of the great Prime Minister.—(JTA) have been involved in various aspects of the struggle to assert the rights and mdividuality - .The merchant bankers, Kleinwort Benson, of Jewish women. Ohering to Arab demands earlier this year, APPOINTMENTS Addressing the opening session Rabbi xcluded prominent Jewish-owned banks from Dame Rose Heilbron^ a High (Tourt judge Jeremy Rosen, headmaster of the college, con­ L fiurobond transaction it was managing. The in the family division, has been appointed by demned the attitude of those who treated *iik's then chairman, Mr. Gerald Thompson, the Home Secretary to head an inquiry into women as second-class citizens in Jewish law, 3de it clear at the time that his company possible changes in the law on rape. but expressed reservations as to whether it yOuld respect the "restrictions" and "limita Mr. Robert Sheldon, MP for Ashton-under- was worth fighting men on such issues as syna­ ^y&s" imposeimnosed byv its Arab clients. Tesco,. thtthe Lyne, has been promoted from Minister of «ha«ain-stor: e giant, has now dropped Kleinwort State to Financial Secretary at the Treasury. gogue board representation. P^ registrar and financial adviser. Sir John Mr. Gerald Kaufman has been appointed Par­ Addressing an "Ask the Chief Rabbi" even­ -.i*hen, 77-year-old founder and life president liamentary Under-Secretary to the Department ing at the Stanmore Synagogue, Chief Rabbi J Tesco. explained that "he did not want to of Industry. He held a similar rank in the Jakobovits indicated that he sees "no reason ^0 business with such a bank". Department of the Environment since March, why there should not be a speedy and favour­ 3 Refusing to comment on Tesco's withdrawal, 1974. able conclusion" to the question of greater 'Spokesman for Kleinwort said that the "firm representation of women on synagogue boards ^j 3 whole is totally opposed to any form of of management. He hoped that the previous yjscnmination wherever it comes from" and With acknowledgement to the news service restrictions which had hitherto prevented JJt, as far as he knew, none of the firm's of the Jewish Chronicle. women from taldng part in the decision-making ^her clients had severed links. process in communal affairs would be removed. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975

GISCARD AT AUSCHWITZ NEWS FROM ABROAD The French President, Mr. Giscard d'Estaing. whilst on his recent official visit to Poland, UNITED STATES THE ARGENTINE visited the site of the Auschwitz concentration camp. He was shown round the Auschwitz New York's Financial Crisis Suspected Nazi museum and visited the martyrs' monument at the site. The economy measures of the City of New In Buenos Aires a businessman called Pedro York also affect many Jews, who are employed Ricardo Olmos was arrested on suspicion of BELGIAN NAZI REMEMBERED in almost all sections of municipal services. being Walter Kutschmann, a former Nazi SS The number of Jewish policemen alone is lieutenant responsible for the execution of In memory of Dr. August Borms, a Naz' estimated at about 3,000. Most of them are more than 1,500 Jews in Poland during the collaborator who was found guilty of wa' organised in a ^>ecial society, "Shomrim", Second World War. After questioning, he was crimes after the Second World War and exe­ founded 50 years ago. A short while ago, the released. It is learned that he afterwards dis­ cuted, Flemish nationalists organised a meeting society established an employment agency for appeared and can no longer be traced. in the Merksem suburbs of Antwerp. A mas-J members whose dismissal is imminent and The Argentine magazine. Vision, has pub­ vvas held in Merksem church, where a priest whose number is estimated at about 500. lished an old and a recent photograph of recalled Borms' "idealism for the rebirth o' Kutschmann, claiming that they prove that Flanders". •'the businessman Pedro Richardo Olmos and President Scheel Visits New York LBI the former SS Lieutentant Walter Kutsch­ NEWS FROM GERMAJSY mann are the same person". Olmos, a sales In spite of his crowded time-table during manager for the Argentine subsidiary of the KNESSET MEMBERS VISIT DACHAU his State visit to the United States, German Osram electrical company, entered Argentina Federal President, Walter Scheel, made a in 1947. On the occasion of a visit to the German point of being the guest of the Leo Baeck The information leading to the arrest of Federal Republic, an Israeli parliamentary Institute in New York, which is the most Olmos was given to the Argentine police by delegation also travelled to the site of the comprehensive collection centre of the Ger­ Mr. Simon Wiesenthal, who heads the Jewish former Dachau concentration camp. Kaddisii man-Jewish heritage. The President was wel­ Documentation Centre in Vienna. It is claimed was recited by the Speaker of the Knesset, comed by Rabbi Dr. Max Gruenewald, that Kutschmann, who was serving with the Israel Yeshayahu. The delegation included the president of the LBI, and Professor Ernest SS in France at the end of the war in 1945, Knesset Member Avraham Melamed, one ol Hamburger. In his reply. President Scheel paid deserted to Spain and went to Argentina the 30,000 inmates who were still alive when tribute to the "great and humane" task of from there. the Allies liberated Dachau. Melamed wrote the LBI. His visit, he said, was not just a in the guest book: "I have retumed to DachaU matter of courtesy. "I want to express by it, Rising Antisemitism after 30 years as a Member of the Knesset how much we in the German Federal Republic of the free State of Israel. It was my gooo are aware of the long, uniquely shining, but The Argentinian Jewish community of some fortune that I was able to do so. My heart also uniquely dark history of German 475,000 is on guard in these times of political grieves for my fellow-inmates of the concen­ Jewry. . . . Every Gennan with feelings of and economic difficulties, when antisemitic tration camp who were unable to do so."-' loyalty to his spiritual past must consider this elements in Argentina are only too eager to (JTA). building as part of his own history." The Presi­ denigrate Jews. Three groups, two on the ex­ dent was presented with leather-bound copies treme Left and one on the extreme Right, RILKE EXHIBmON IN MARBACH of two publications of the LBI, the work by appear to be mainly involved in the campaign To mark the centenary of the birth of Ernest H?mburger on the Jews in German which claimed more than 200 victims last year Rainer Maria Rilke, an exhibition is held in public life and the biography of Secretary of and about 40 in the early part of 1975. the S c h i 11 e r-Nationalmuseum, Marbaclj State, Hans Schaeffer. He in tum handed over Members of the Left groups will murder (Neckar). The opening address was delivered to the Institute a specially encased precious anyone they believe to be against them and by Dr Kaete Hamburger, Professor of Ger­ first edition of Heine's Collected Works. are not fighting Jews or other groups in par­ manistics in Stuttgart. Before 1933, Dr. Ham­ ticular. To obtain money, they will kidnap burger was assistant to Professor Dr. P. Hoi- or murder wealthy people irrespective of their mann in Berlin. From 1934 to 1956, she lived 'Joint' Help religion or origin. They have also killed Jewish in Goeteborg (Sweden). and other doctors reluctant to treat wounded The American Joint Distribution Committee people specified by the terrorists. The third UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS in its annual report states that during the past group on the extreme Right, the so-called year it helped 400,000 needy Jews in 25 Anti-Communist Alliance, is rabidly anti­ Dr. Marianne Awerbach, for many years countries at a cost of $30^ million (about £12j semitic and is actively supported by Arabs lecturer of Judaistic and Medieval Jewisn million). The major areas of aid continued and fascist and Nazi groups, both at home History at the Free University Berlin, was to be Israel, North Africa, Iran and Europe. and abroad. appointed a full professor. Prague-born Vilein Daia, the representative council of Argen­ Fried, until now lecturer in London and tine Jews, in denouncing the antisenutic cam­ Portsmouth, was appointed professor of Eng­ Old Age Home Extended paign has pointed out that certain overseas lish at the Gesamthochschule Duisburg. oil interests, with the co-operation of local According to a report, published in the CEJVTENARY OF A. WERTHEIM "Aufbau", the two new "Health Related groups, are only too ready to denigrate the Facility" floors of the "Margaret Tietz Center Argentine Jewish community and its image This summer, 100 years have passed since for Nursing Care" (until now called "Kew overseas. Such a campaign, Daia feels, dam­ Abraham Wertheim opened a linen shop i" Gardens Nursing Home" in Queens, NY) are ages Argentina's national interests. Stralsund, which was the nucleus of the chai" nearing completion. They will provide accom­ of department stores of A. Wertheim. The modation for 80 persons (mainly in single ITALIAN COMMUNIST GAINS history of the enterprise was publicly men­ rooms), who, without requiring the services tioned in Berlin on this anniversary. The fir^' of a nursing home, are no longer able to look Communal leaders of Italy's 35,000 Jews shop in Stralsund was followed by establish' after themselves. The Home has been declared have abstained comments on the Communist ments in Rostock and Breslau. In Berlin, the as qualifying for the "Medicaid" programme. gains in the recent regional, provincial and firm started in the Rosenthaler Strasse (1885)' It provides the facilities rendered until its municipal elections. The community's political to be followed by the department stores i" closure a few years ago at Newark House inclinations range from the Right to the extra- the Oranienstrasse (1894) and Koenigstrasse. under the guidance of the late Margaret Tietz. Parliamentary Left and, like other middle- The climax was the erection of the modern class Italians, many are believed to have voted building designed by Alfred Messel in the for the Right-of-centre Liberals or the Left- Leipziger Strasse (1904). It was destroyed Soviet Immigrants of-centre Social Democrats, Socialists or during the Second World War. In 1952, the Republicans. Some among the young voted first post-war department store was opened in During April and May of this year, some Communist, mainly as a means of electing Berlin-Steglitz, and about four years ago the 1,800 Jews from the Soviet Union arrived in more efficient, less corrupt administrations. new large house at the Kurfuerstendamm wa' the United States, the largest number in any It is generally acknowledged that the Italian completed. Of Abraham Wertheim's four son*' two-month period since the immigration began Communist Party has a record of adopting an Georg (1857-1939) played the most decisive in 1968. According to United Hias Service, independent attitude towards Moscow. It took part in the development of the firm. His nanj* which helps Jewish immigrants, the total so a firm stand against the Warsaw Pact invasion is commemorated in the "Wertheim-Weg" i" far has been 9,000. of Czechoslovakia, has repeatedly affirmed its Berlin-Spandau.—(EGL.) support for the idea of a pluralistic society and for religious freedom, and has reportedly BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE intervened discreetly on behalf of Soviet BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER Jews. On the Arabi-Israeli conflict, however, 51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.S the Italian party follows the Soviet line, advo­ Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS SYNAGOGUE SERVICES cating the creation of a Palestinian State and Always interested In purchasing often sharply critical of Israeli policies. If well-preserved instruments. are held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath there were to be a new Middle East war, it is and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day believed that the Italian Communist Party JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. at 11 a.m. would lead the opposition to the use of Italian 142 Edgware Road, W.2 ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED bases for the sending of American assistance Tel.: 723 8818/9. to Israel. ^R INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975 Page 5 ff erbert Freeden There is, for instance, the story of how Herbert Kappler, head of the SS in Rome, offered in September, 1943, a strange deal to the leaders of the Jewish community in Rome: JERUSALEM-AN ARAB VIEW the lives of 200 Jews for fifty kilograms of gold, to be handed over to him within 36 Nevi historical and cultural links with the Arab hours. Otherwise these Jews would be de­ Jeru^lr '° history have the holy places in ported to German-occupied Eastern Europe, J saiem been as open and as secure as people. But even on technical grounds, so he dttrin, complains, the new curricula are in­ or "rendered innocuous in a different manner". Por«? g Israel's rule, Yigal Allon, Israel's defensible, because the Israel matriculation The Jewish leaders managed to collect, in *heeign n Miinister said the other day. Yet certificate does not qualify the graduate for desperate hurry, gold coins and wedding rings, soluti peace comes, he added, a religious on will have to be found for the enrolment in Arab universities—for this, the spoons and bracelets from the community, but Mosl, as word spread through Rome of the Jews' Jem*'? ^°^^ places. Jordan held East Arab pupil needs an Arab secondary school a^y^^^ni—though by token of aggression certificate. As most pupils do not know dilemma, a great number of Catholics also rj„,.'*°t through international law on historic enough Hebrew, they cannot enrol in Israeli came to the Temple on the Tiber where the fronTT ^^^'^^ Israel took East Jerasalem universities either, and are thus deprived of ransom vras being collected, offering what onlv '^^'^' it is in the view of the Minister pursuing studies in any institutions of higher they could. More than fifty kilograms were j.,i ^tural that Israel will have to seek a leaming. handed over to Kappler, who sent it dutifully Dlt„ ° ^° the problem of the Moslem holy As a compromise, Shilbaya suggests that to Berlin. The Jews of Rome felt safe—until Places through Jordan. the Israelis should set up a separate that Sabbath in October when German trucks sealed off the Jewish quarter, and troops PJ.^* does an East Jerusalemite see the municipality for Arab Jerusalem to work in close cooperation and coordination with that rounded up 1,127 Jews. They were deported, mad A"' ^ well-known Arab writer, Muham- and few v/ere ever again seen alive. with Shilbaya, has mixed feelings both of Jewish Jerasalem. He concedes that des­ tjj I'egard to the previous Arab rule and to pite all the foregoing, Israeli rule did noth­ ^ present Israel administration. In his view, ing comparable to the Jordanian rule of No help to Jewish victims jg^ Jordanians did everything to tum terror and suppression. However, if any com­ jlj ^^^em into a mere village and to divert parison wUsands of dunams of Arab-owned lands. Waagenaar, who lives in Rome; he entered ous charitable offering", but $50,000 of the ji^Pite the assertion that those lands would Paris on Liberation Day, 1944, as a war cor­ money should be given to American Catholic , used for public services—hospitals, respondent, reported from Berlin in 1945-46, charities. So the Bishop transferred the re­ .'loois^ parks—they were used to build hous- and published picture volumes about the maining $75,000 to Rome, where $30,000 were ^ units for Israelis and Jewish immigrants. women of Rome, and the women of Israel, as put at the disposal of the St. Raphael organi­ tiat worries Shilbaya most, is the question well as a biography of Mata Hari. Yet there sation (the Raphaelsverein, founded in Ger­ ^dentity. The Arab inhabitant of Jerasalem is hardly anything superficially journalistic many in 1871)—not to assist the Jews, but him'^* an Israeli identity card which gives about his new book; it is the work of a serious to "facilitate the emigration of German Catho­ but ^^^ right to vote in municipal elections student of history who is not afraid of con­ lic refugees to Brazil". There seems to be no tini ^^^ ^^ parliamentary ones; at the same troversy (there has already been much of it evidence that any of the money was ever used ^r^> he carries a Jordanian passport. He is after the publication of the Italian edition). eated like an Israeli as far as taxation and for saving Jewish lives. It is painstakingly researched and worth Still, Waagenaar gives due credit to those j^jg'^oling goes, and he is treated as an Jorda- every penny of the £4-95 it costs. bp- ^ ^^ breaks security laws: instead of Popes who "behaved like Christians in the j^^g brought to trial, he is deported to The first half of Waagenaar's book covers full sense of the word", such as Pacelli's pre­ "'•Qan. most of the ground of Cecil Roth's work, with decessor Pius XI and John XXIII. "Antisemi­ The author maintains that being put on the only occasional lapses into feuilletonistic style tism is a repugnant movement," said Pius in "^e footing as the Israeli tax payer, does —such as describing Judas Maccabaeus as the 1938, "a movement in which we Christiani °*«Ve injustice to the Arab citizen who has "Moshe Dayan of those days who thoroughly can have no share. Through Christ and in V? One to offer liim assistance in educating trounced the enemy". But the extensive latter Christ we descend spiritually from Abraham". 1^ children or building him apartments on part of The Pope's Jews deals with the last And John, when he was still Papal Nuncio "^ instalment plan provided for Israelis, half-century and therefore with events and Roncalli in Turkey during the war, replied "ose State helps him in everything. In the developments which still concem us very to the German Ambassador von Papen who ^e way as the application of Israeli tax much: with Jewish Fascists and anti-Fascists, said that the Poles now better turn to the ^*s was a political decision, the imposition Mussolini's racial laws, the German occupa­ Germans instead of placing their hopes in J^sraeli curricula on Arab schools in the tion, and very thoroughly with the behaviour their eastem neighbours: "Before anything -^ is a political measure, the Arab writer of Pope Pius XII, nc Pacelli, all in the light else it would be necessary to make the world v?*inues. No heed is being paid to the in- of recent revelations and of documents which forget the millions of Jews sent to Poland special personality and their the author has dug up and studied. and exterminated there." Page 6 AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975

Erich Gottgetreu the manuscript. His last joumalistic work was an article for the Russian emigrant paper "Nowoje Russkoje Dlowo" in New York, of which he was the Israel correspondent. It A JEWISH FORERUNNER OF SOLZHENITSYN describes a visit to some Russian-Jewish im­ It is not generally known that one of Solx- dustrial and general development of the migrants who had gone on hunger strike in henitzyn's most influential forerunners in ex­ USSR, to the dave system, under which the front of the Westem Wall as a protest posing the horror of the Soviet labour camps Ciiinese Wall or the Pyramids were built. Yet against the Leningrad trials. was a Russian-bom Jew, the late Dr. Julij the difference is, in his view, that now the Margolin, who lived in Israel for many years. exploitation is not conducted by old-style His excellently written account of his ordeal tyrants greedy for power but by a crael state NEW ASPECTS OF as Stalin's prisoner was not only one of the bureaucracy which pretends to act in the MOSES MENDELSSOHN'S ROLE first, but also one of the most detailed and name of an ideal. Whilst Lenin may have Lecture by Prof. Alexander Altmann factual books on the subject. The first edi­ started the system on the assumption that it would be of limited duration, Stalin elevated Under the auspices of the Institute of tion of the book, written by him in Russian, Jewish Studies, Professor Alexander Altmann appeared in 1949 in a French translation it into a permanent feature of Soviet society, gave a lecture on "Moses Mendelssohn and the under the title "La Condition Inhumaine". The and the present leadership also seems to be­ Beginning of Modem Jewish History". The original Russian version, named "The Jour­ lieve in its continued usefulness. function, which took place at University Col­ ney into the Country of the Concentration Margolin did not dare to make notes lege on July 3, was, apart from the stimulating Camps", was printed in 1952 in New York during his stay in the camps, yet relying on and thought-provoking contents of the address, and it seems that quite a number of copies his fantastic memory, he wrote in those also a personal reunion between the speaker found their underground way into the USSR. years, under the most difficult conditions and and many members of the audience, who had A German edition, "Ueberleben ist Alles", with many precautions, three fully-fledged known Dr. Altmann from the times when he was published in 1965 in Munich. philosophical treatises "The Theory of the was rabbi of the Berlin Jewish community and, As early as 1950, Dr. Margolin was given Lie", "The Doctrine of Hate" and "About after his emigration. Communal Rabbi of the opportunity to testify on the conditions Freedom"—which were certainly not flatter­ Manchester. He has now, for many years, been in Stalin's slave camps at the Paris trial of ing to the Stalin system. But just when he Professor at Brandeis University. the French socialist writer and former anti- was to be released from the last camp where Mr. Victor Mishcon, who was in the Chair, Nazi resistance fighter David Rousset. Based he had been intemed for his "passport welcomed Dr. Altmann, to whose initiative on his own documentation, Rousset, writing crime", a ruthless Soviet soldier took away during his stay in Britaui the creation of the in the "Figaro Litt4raire", had demanded the his manuscripts and destroyed them before Institute of Jewish Studies is due. establishment of an intemational inquiry his own eyes. In his lecture, many aspects pertinent to commission to Investigate the "Labour After his retum to Tel-Aviv Margolin Mendelssohn's role and, beyond this, to the Camps" in the Soviet Union and other wrote his account of life and death in the general interpretation of Jewish history, came totalitarian countries. The Communist period­ camps with feverish energy—the urge to free to the fore. Mendelssohn, Professor Altmann ical "Les Lettres Frangaises" had denied himself from this nightmare was over­ said, was the first Jewish educationalist who that such camps still existed in the USSR whelming. was not a rabbi; in this respect he was a pre­ and denounced Rousset's documents as "for­ In his summing-up which dealt not only cursor of personalities like Hermann Cohen, geries". Now, Dr. Margolin, called as a with the camps but also with the general per­ Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig. Dr- witness, was able to confirm that Rousset had secution complex of the Soviet rulers, he Altmann also dealt with the new attitude to said nothing but the truth. stated: "It had become clear to me that the relationship between State and Church, as Julij Margolin was bom in 1900 in Pinsk, people are not able to surmount natural, propounded in the period of Enlightenment, where Chaim Weizmann had gone to school historical, social and personal borders, which and its impact on the emancipation of the Jews- and Golda Meir spent part of her early child­ separate them from each other, but this in One effect arising out of these changes was a hood. After the First World War he studied itself is not a catastrophe ... One has to leam general decline in importance of the Rabbinical philosophy at Berlin University, where he got to accept individuals as well as social classes jurisdiction and of the authority of rabbis to his doctorate. On the Nazis' rise to power in and nations as they are with their respective exclude members of the community by im­ 1933, he first returned to his home town weaknesses... The real evU, the evil which posing the "Cherem" (ban) upon them. Before (which was Polish between the two World this change, Jews afflicted by the Cherem had merits our deadly hate, is the negation of no choice but to embrace another faith. Now Wars) and later, in 1936, settled in Tel Aviv man for the sake of a fetish, a number, a the relaxation of the Jewish juridical auto­ as a writer. It was in summer 1939 that he plan or some Cheops pyramid, whatever nomy reduced the losses to the community. once more went back to Poland to deal with name it may be given by the builder... The some family affairs and visit his old mother crime which is really unforgivable is the re­ At the end of his lecture, which carried a in Pinsk. Surprised there by the outbreak of fusal of one man to regard the other as his great amount of further important ass^s- the Second World War, he was arrested by neighbour, the concept of changing the other ments which cannot be quoted in this brief the Russians, whose troops had entered nmn into a soul-less tool for murder and report, Dr. Altmann dealt with the present Eastem Poland, and refused permission to slavery." position of Jewry, under the impact of the return to his family in Palestine. Instead, as After his return to Israel, Margolin wrote a Holocaust and the foundation of the State of the bearer of a Polish passport which the number of essays and later tumed to journal­ Israel. The emancipation, as envisaged by Russians did not recognise, he was sentenced ism, contributing in the first place to Rus­ Mendelssohn and his contemporaries and fol­ to 5 years in a labour camp. lowers, had ultimately proved a failure i^ sian-language papers in Tel-Aviv, Paris and Germany, he said. The creation of the Jewish It is at this point that Margolin's descrip­ New York. State had removed the old concept of the tion of his joumey through hell starts. Many He finally completed a pet project of his: a Jewish "Galut". Yet it had not removed the of the details he revealed were previously history of the Jewish people, entitled "An insecurity of the Ghetto. Considering it^ unknown but have since been confirmed by Epic of the Millennia". There was a very great isolated position, Israel is also a Ghetto, albeit thousands of other siu^ivors. He was not able demand for such a work — which had been in a different sense of the word. The age ij* to state the exact number of political and unavailable in Russian for decades—among which we now Uve, the speaker concluded, other prisoners who were worked to death in Russian-reading Jews, wherever they lived. has been called the Post-Modem Age, and we Stalin's camps during the period of his im­ Equipped with a great amount of knowledge cannot know what it has in store for mankuid. prisonment from 1940 to 1945 and the sub­ and of important source material now acces­ W.B- sequent two years of banishment in Siberia, sible in Israel, he painted a broad canvas of but he estimated that, during this period, Jewish life, wandering, suffering, LEVICHS IN BRITAIN there were always some ten to fifteen million achievements and hopes throughout the ages. inmates in all the Soviet camps put together. Dealing with the realisation of the Zionist Sacha and Yevgeny Levich were welconi^ There was some relaxation after Stalin's to the House of Commons during their visi* conception, he stressed the great contribution to Britain, by Mr Hugh Dykes, chairman oi death in 1953 but the system was never of the early aliyot from former Czarist the All-Party Parliamentary Committee toi totally abolished. According to Solzhenitzyn's Russia but emphasised that the Ingathering the Release of Soviet Jewry, and Mr Grevuie estimate, there are at present still a million of the Exiles will not be complete without Janner, QC, the honorary secretary. prisoners in the labour camps, but there the arrival in Israel of the great number of The two young men are the sons of Fr?" seems to be an increase in the number of Jews from the USSR who want to join their fessor Benjamin Levich of Moscow, the ^' those exiled to Siberia or intemed in lunatic brethren there. nowned Soviet Jewish scientist who, togetnei asylums. with his wife, has been waiting several ye^^ The book, provided with a foreword by for a visa to emigrate to Israel. The sons me_ In line with an earlier theory by Witfogel, Prof. Michael Zand, was published a number of people in Britain to thank tben^ Margolin compares the enforced labour, al­ posthumously. Margolin died in Tel Aviv for their efforts in pressing the Soviet Govern legedly designed to contribute to the in­ early in 1971. shortly after he had completed ment to allow their parents to emigrate. AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975 Page 7 Hans I. Bach JEWRY IIS THE EAST Harassment of a Writer KAFKA'S PET SISTER An article in The Observer reports that Anatoly Marchenko, the recenUy convicted The letters to Franz Kafka's favourite Naturally there are also glimpses of Russian writer, has arrived at his place of sister Ottla, with some to their parents, form Kafka's Loner life, as for instance profound exile in Siberia. During the six weeks since part of his Collected Works.-- At first one insights into the meaning of his illness: he was given a four-year sentence for alleged violations of surveillance restrictions, his wife Wonders whether what starts as a collection "Secretly I regard it not at all as a tuber­ feared Uiat he might have died since the last of kind regards from assorted holiday places, culosis but as my general bankruptcy" ... "in word she had from him was that he would with careful annotation of all the people this illness there is no doubt justice, it is a maintain indefinitely a hunger strike begun mentioned, may not be too boring to merit fair blow which by the way I do not feel at on February 26, the day of his arrest. He Publication. On reading on, however, one dis­ all as a blow; it is fair but so coarse, so eventually collapsed and, reaUsing he would covers that it was a wrong expeotalUon to earthly, so simple." On his plan to go to soon die if he continued his eight-week strike, Palestine: "I saw that if I somehow wanted on April 20 he began to eat. A month later, "leet the writer in these letters: it is rather on May 21, he arrived in C^una and the the son of his parents, who had no use for to live on, I would have to do something present state of his health is not known. his writing, the Dr. iur. Kafka, official of an quite radical, and I wanted to go to Despite the exile sentence, the Marchenkos ii^siu-amce company whom his director called Palestine. I would certainly have not been are pursuing their efforts to emigrate. A world­ ''indefatigably hard-working, ambitious, of able to do itt, I am fairly unprepared in wide campaign to support them has been lirst-rate aptitude and outstanding devotion Hebrew and other respects, but I had to hold organised by humanitarian, trade union, cul­ to duty". In short, there is the other, the out some hope to myself." tural and religious organisations. A transcript Private side to Franz Kafka, which it is im­ of Mr. Marchenko's tnai and related samizdat portant to know if only to judge the squalid There are penettrating analyses even of (undergroimd) documents has reached the eonditions from which he strove so hard to Kafka's own beliefs, as e.g. in vegetarianism: West, revealing not only the long vendetta '""ee himself and from which his genius "After all, it is a fine and reliable feeling which the KGB has been conducting against which suspects vegetarianism as somethiag of Marchenko, but also the KGB's obsession in soared. Above all, here is the brother of this forcing would-be emigrants among Soviet sister, his youngest, who was quite a person self-isolation, something kindred to delu­ dissenters to apply for emigration not to 'n her own right. sion—only one forgets in terrible superficial­ Westem countries but exclusively to Israel. ity that vegetarianism is here quite an in­ At first working in her father's office, Dr. Andrei Sakharov has recently attacked nocent phenomenon, a secondary feature tliis practice, explaining it as the authorities' ^ttla strove in her way as hard as he to caused by deeper causes and that therefore desire to make "anti-Zionist and antisemitic oreak loose from this background. Strongly one would have to face these deeper but propaganda by lumping Jews and dissenters hacked by Franz, she studied agriculture. probably inaccessible causes". together and presenting them as disloyal citi­ Passed her exams and then, without a break zens who are concemed only to escape to l^th the parents, married a Chrisitian, nat­ Finally one comes across some lovely ex­ Israel". ionalistic Czech jurist, Josef David, "cheerful amples of Kafka's humour. His bantering ^nd healthy, happy in his professioa, rightly with Ottla's husband loses its flavour if taken KGB Warning satisfied with himself—in a way what you out of context, but an imaginary birthday had wished for a long time, the estate, the present to Ottla may be quoted: "I had great Professor Alexander Voronel, 43, who was firm ground, the old property, the clear air, plans ... it was to be a replica of tihe baths at allowed to leave Moscow for Israel in F^- Schelesen which you liked so much. I would ruary, addressed a Writers' and Scholars' freedom". Franz, after his several unsuccess­ Intemational press conference in London. He ful engagements, "remained single for both just have cleared my room, have a large said that a warning by the KGB to contribu­ ?f us". Ottla had two little girls. During the basin placed in it and filled with curdled tors to stop writing for the joumal, "Jews in Nazi occupation, eight years after Franz's milk, strewn with slices of cucumber. Accord­ the USSR", was an arbitrary attempt to strangle ueath, she voluntarily separated from her ing to the number of your years (for which I Jewish life in the Soviet Union. The KGB, he husband and her children in order not to en­ would have had to inquire, I cannot re­ said, had searched the homes of four contri­ danger them and was taken to member them, for me you don't become butors and had threatened them with penalties. ^heresienstadt. There she volunteered to ac- older) I would have placed the cabins Pointing out that the joumal was the only eompany a children's transport to Ausch­ around, built from chocolate boards and major medium of Jewish expression in the Russian language in the Soviet Union now witz ... (Kafka's two other sisters also per­ filled with the best Lippert cream chocolates, used by the majority of Soviet Jews, Professor ished in the concentration camp.) each diiferently. Above on the ceiling, ob­ Voronel said the published material did not Kafka had a high opinion of his sister, 9i liquely in the comer, I would have placed a infringe Soviet law and none of it could be years his junior: "You hold your fate so giant sun composed of Olmiitz cottage regarded as anti-Soviet. autonomously in your hMid, in a strong, cheeses. It would have been charming, one healthy young hand, as one can only wish could hardly have stood the view for a long Emigration Hard Line Maintained for." They were very close to each other: time. And how many other inspirations I would have had in mounting it!" Addressing Soviet deputies and a group of Just because we axe so close, we cannot visiting American Senators in the Supreme always distinguish what the other is up to, In short, it was well worth while printing Soviet in Moscow, Mr. Mikhail Suslov, a mem­ Whether to nudge or to caress". As the father Ithese letters—and sometimes even more than ber of the Politburo, maintained the prevail­ *as a poltroon and the mother had opened Ihat. ing hard line on Jewish emigration from the and answered a letter to Franz, the bathroom Soviet Union. The Senators had hoped to J^as the only place without danger of in- receive a gesture towards easing emigration. *,^erence, and he could write tenderly: Pravda, the Soviet Communist Party organ, listed three Jewish Supreme Soviet deputies .More details later one day in the bathroom, as taking part in the talks with the American ^n quiet times when yoxu- litUe girl is Your House for:— Senators, jointly led by Mr. Hubert Humphrey, ^leep." Ottla was of great practical ability. the former Democratic Vice-President, and ^une after time she obtained from the in­ CURTAINS, CARPETS, Mr. Hugh Scott, the Republican minority surance company extensions of his leave be- leader, with Senators Abraham Ribicoff and eause of his tuberculosis. Equally Strong was Jacob Javits in the group. FLOOR COVERINGS The Senators met a group of Jewish acti­ ||er social sense—^the brother called her vists in Moscow, who expressed concem at litUe welfare centre". Franz had absolute SPECIALITY the obstacles placed in the way of applicants eonfidence in her, and she shared and in a Reeking to emigrate to Israel and at their *ay lived the convictions which he himself CONTINENTAL DOWN subsequent harassment. ^uld only partially realise: vegetairianism, a Senator Ribicoff has invited the Russian strong predilection for a healthy outdoor life QUILTS leaders to open a new dialogue with the US ?'^d manual work. In some respects he sees Congress about the question of Jewish emigra­ Ul her what is really his own: "Above all, it ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS tion from Russia. Js Poverty which attracts you, only that one ESTIMATES FREE s not poor when one has money and that Leningrad "Hijackers" Freed one can reach poverty from outside only in DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Exactly five years from the day of their ''ery lucky, quite exceptional cases—generally (Establlsliad 1946) arrest, three Soviet Jews, sentenced in 1971 *hat one then finds is misery instead of 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK to five years' imprisonment in connection Poverty." Telephone: 904 6671 with the Leningrad "hijacking" affair in 1970, were freed from labour camps. Thirteen more g *'jranz Kafka: Briefe an Ottla und dia Famllia. Heraus- Personal attention of Mr. W. Shaeiiinan. FST*®" ^°n Hartmut Binder und Klaus Waganbach. S. Jews alleged to have been involved in the •^'sctjer 1974. DM 36. affair remain in gaol. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975

laboratory experimental work and the details of the techniques he developed and employed. BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES TO SIR HANS A. KREBS For many years he worked himself intensely at the laboratory bench and always super­ vised closely the experiments of his collabora­ TRUE TO HIS ORIGIN letter, expressed his admiration of this edi­ tors. He was hardly ever away from the De­ torial "success story". partment under his leadership for prolonged On August 25, Sir Hans A. Krebs will cele­ In gratitude we extend our sincerest birthday periods; he kept out of committees as much brate his 75th birthday. He is one of those wishes to Sir Hans Krebs, hoping that, at least as he could however influential they were, former refugees who by th'>kr achievements for a moment, he will not let his proverbial and refrained from excessively frequent long have added lustre to our co: imunity. Born in modesty get the upper hand and permit us to distance travel which he termed scientific Hildesheim, he was a meir ber of the FWV call him not only a loyal but also an illustrious tourism. fratemity during his student days. After the friend of our cause. He has been honoured in many countries, completion of his studies, he was, for several WERNER ROSENSTOCK including Britain and his country of birth, by years, assistant at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institut honorary degrees and membership of Acad­ for Biology in Berlin. In 1932, he was appointed SCIENTIST AND FRIEND emies and learned Societies. Privatdozent at the Medical Faculty of the The calendar tells us that Sir Hans Krebs is He has been associated with organisations University of Freiburg. When his academic celebrating his 75th birthday in August of looking after the welfare of German Jewish career in Germany was cut short by the events this year; but then it is a well-known fact refugees amd also with Jewish academic insti­ of 1933, he came to this country on a Rocke­ that the calendar age frequently bears no re­ tutions in Israel. For many years, he has been feller research fellowship. His professional lation to the actual state of the personaUties a member of the Board of Govemors of the activities and outstanding contributions to concemed, physical or intellectual. Many Hebrew University in Jerusalem which science throughout the past decades are people are old at forty, while others are young awarded him an honorary degree, and he was described in the tribute paid to him in these at 80 and over. Sir Hans Krebs certainly be­ elected a Fellow of the Weizmann Institute columns by his friend and fellow scientist. longs with the latter category. He looks so for Science in Rehovot. Sir Ernst Chain, a Nobel Prize Laureate and young and is physically so agile that many We wish him many more years of fruitful former German Jew like Sir Hans. people meeting him for the first time would creative scientific activity, continuing good wish to see the documentary evidence of his Yet the AJR has special reason for associat­ health and physical strength, and happiness passport before they would accept his official through his work and his family ties. Our ing itself with this tribute. His endearing calendar age. Intellectually he is as creative, warmest best wishes on this occasion also go qualities include deep feelings of loyalty to critical, alert and vigorous as he was when I to his wife. Lady Margaret Krebs, and their his community of origin. One of the occasions met him the first time in 1935 at the School of when this became evident in public was his children. Biochemistry at Cambridge. He continues to SIR ERNST CHAIN memorable address at the special ceremony produce original and very interesting scientific when, as one of the Patrons of the "Thank-You work of the highest standard, and his publica­ Britain" Fund, he handed over the proceeds tions are written in the same elegant, concise, SOth BIRTHDAY OF DR. NAHUM GOLDMANN of the Fund to the representatives of the clear and logically unassailable style which has The recent 80th birthday of Dr. Nahum British Academy. His identification with our characterized his papers since their begin­ Goldmann was marked by a banquet given in community is also reflected in his long-standing nings. his honour in Geneva under the auspices of membership with the AJR, whose work he Biochemistry in Germany in the first three the World Jewish Congress. The numerous always follows with keen interest. Only a decades of this century had reached an un­ congratulations sent to him on this occasion few months ago, when this paper entered the paralleled and unsurpassed standard of excel­ included a message by the Council of Jews 30th year of its publication, he went out of his lence, and Jewish scientists have played a pre­ from Germany. A full assessment of Nahum way and, in a particularly cordial personal Goldmann's signal services to the Jewish dominant part in the development. One of the people will be published in our next issue. reasons for this was that careers in the medical sciences were among the few more or less open to Jews after their emancipation. Following the natural millennial inclination of the Jews towards leaming and inteUeotual advancement they flocked into this field in large numbers and often were very successful. DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX After the complete collapse of German cul­ ture in 1933, following the seizure of political power by Hitler and his murderous gang, the LTO. Jewish scientists were driven out of Germany. Refugees' Impact on Biochemistry The emigration of the Jewish biochemists, of whom there were many from Germany, had a tremendous world-wide impact on the ad­ vancement of biochemistry; a monograph of considerable size could profitably be written on this subject. Quite a number of them be­ came Nobel Laureates: Sir Hans Krebs is one Dunbee House of them. There is hardly any area in the field of intermediate metaboUsm, including enerjgy metabolism, which has not been strongly in­ 117 Great Portland Street, fluenced by his concepts of "metabolic cycles" which he developed through his important London, W.l discoveries of the urea and tricarboxylic cycles, the latter generally known as Krebs cycle. The discoveries which were to have far- reaching effects—for they are vaUd for man and all animal species—were made with rela­ Tel: 01-580 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) tively simple, yet very ingenious analytical methods, developed by him, mainly mano- metric. Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, During the twenty-one years while he was Professor of Biochemistry in this country, TELEX. first at Sheffield and then at Oxford, he HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN educated a large number of young biochemists in the field of physiological biochemistry and 53/79 Highgate Road, London, NWS 1RR strongly influenced them. Many of his pupils INT. TELEX 2-3540 now occupy important academic positions in choose Hallgarten—Choose Fine Wines this and other countries. His primary interest always centred aroimd AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975 Page 9

^largot Pottlitser EXHIBITION AT THE BEN URI GALLERY Four women artists were showing an inter­ esting variety of works in a recent exhibition RESTITUTION THROUGH THE AGES at the Ben Uri GaUery. Judith Yellin-Ginat's exhibits were already reviewed in the July An Historical Study issue of this paper. Rivkah Mayer (Israel), bom in Turkey, showed attractive collages, During the war, many refugee lawyers under his own imprint "Zur Geschichte der silk on silk, in a well balanced, subtle dainty attempted to compensate for their enforced Wiedergutmachung" (Vienna 1975) reveals style. Beatrice Rozenberg (Britain) was fasci­ professional inactivity by dreaming up elabor­ that one of the first rulers to introduce restitu­ nated by photographs of film stars in the ate schemes of compensation for Nazi victims. tion laws was Alexander the Great, and that 'thirties, an era now far removed, which she ever since every major political and reUgious translated into colourful oils. The expertise These were usually based on the application and decorative gift of Margaret Marks of the legal system in which they had been upheaval which resulted in the persecution of (Britain), who was bom in Germany, was trained to what they considered to be a novel large groups of people by their own country­ well represented in pottery, tiles and wall ''ttd unique situation. There was, however, one men was followed by some attempt at making decorations. among them whose historical knowledge led amends to the victims once the government him to a different approach. According to his changed. This happened during and after the LOTTIE REIZENSTEIN. own testimony, Dr. George Weis began on Thirty Years War, after the Civil War in September 3, 1939, the day war broke out, to England, the French Revolution and on many 'Ook for historical precedents. Only now, 36 other occasions. Dr. Weis has had recourse to DR. BRUNO SCHWEIG 85 years later, has he been able to pubUsh the a great wealth of source material and describes results of the research which he has pursued them with zest and humour. To give only one Dr. Bruno Schweig, one of the earUest mem­ example: He quotes from a history of the bers of the AJR, will celebrate his 85th birth­ ever since—as far as his other activities left day on August 19. P*rofessionally, he has "itti time to do so. A briUiant jurist and a French Revolution, published in London in throughout his life been connected with the leading member of the Czech community in 1895, the inscription on a poster at the border glass and mirror industry. A few years ago, London, he has in the years that have elapsed, between France and the Palatinate which he had the satisfaction of seeing his book heen busy helping to frame the restitution laws read : "Emigranten und Vagabunden ist das "Mirrors—A Guide to the Manufacture of ^ld to implement them. He was the first legal Ueberschreiten der Grenze verboten". Anyone Mirrors and Reflecting Surfaces" published adviser of the British Jewish Relief Unit in interested in the byways of history will enjoy in London. He is also a member of the Society reading this small volume and look forward of Glass Technology, the Deutsche Glastech- ^ermany, and later inter alia head of JRSO nische Gesellschaft and The Royal Institution. (Jewish Restitution Successor Organisation) in to further results of George Weis's various 'Berlin. One of his early achievements in 1947 scholarly hobbies. Bruno Schweig possesses a remarkable *as to have persuaded the Allied Control Com- degree of "Kontaktfreude", and he maintains connections with his old fellow members of "lission in Germany to promulgate an Ordi­ DEATH OF DR. ERNA AUERBACH the F.W.V. fraternity in this country, the nance which fixed the date of death for all Nazi United States and Israel. He is also an active ^'ctims where no other dates were known, as The painter and art historian. Dr. Erna Auerbach, died in London on June 23. She supporter of many Jewish causes, and his "fay 8, 1945. This Ordinance has been incor­ had been a lecturer at the City of London feelings for the Land of Israel, where his porated in all subsequent legislation. Since Polytechnic and other centres of adult educa­ children and grandchUdren live, are particu­ 1956, Dr. Weis has held responsible positions tion. Born in Frankfurt, she studied at several larly strong. *ith organisations in Vienna concerned with German universities and the Courtauld Notwithstanding his age, he is stUl working Restitution and compensation for Nazi victims Institute. Her publications include "Tudor and also helpful to others, who are no longer ffom Austria. Artists" (1954), and (jointly with C. Kingsley able to look after their own affairs. We wish Adams) "Paintings and Sculptures of Hatfield him undiminished activity and health for The fascinating booklet he has just published House" (1972). many years to come.

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pared detaUs of the history of the Jews in Frankfurt and collected valuable material for SIMON BISCHHEIM AT 90 publication. Mr. Bischheim, in spite of his age, still participates most adtivdy in the Lodge LOYALTY TO GERMAN JEWRY SERVICES TO B'NAI B'RITH life and he regularly attends the weekly meet­ It is hard to believe that our friend Mr. Bischheim's connection with B'nai B'rith ings. His brothers in the Leo Baeck Lodge Mr. Simon Bischheim, senior member of the dates back to Germany where he was an active send him their warmest wishes and congratu­ AJR Executive, wUl attain the age of 90 on member of the Markus Horovitz Lodge in lations on his 90th birthday and hope that he August 11. The astounding clarity of his mind Frankfurt/Main for many years. He joined the will enjoy many more years of active life and and the physical appearance of this tall man Leo Baeck (London) Lodge in its early years. fruitful activity. p g FALK seem to belie his age. He has the good fortune that he may enjoy life, combining work with A LOVABLE PERSONALITY pleasure, seeing his numerous friends aod, above all, deUghting in his favourite pastime : I am grateful for the opportunity of paying travelling. Sometimes it seems as if London tribute to Simon Bischheim on this auspicious only serves as his temporary abode, after occasion. There are many who have known him longer than the thirty-eight years I claim the retum from a trip to Israel, where one of and who can refer with more intimate know­ his sons and his family now Uves, and already ledge to his public and charitable activities. planning a visit to the Continent or the United It is of his personal qualities that I wish to States. He is the proud and beloved father and make mention. grandfather of his children and their families, among them bis son Richard who, from small Entering the remarkable Bischheim family beginnings, built up the firm Dunbee-Combex- circle was both a unique and privUeged ex­ Marx, now the biggest toy manufacturing perience for which my wife and I wiU always be grateful. One was at once impressed by the combine in Europe. firm control Simon exercised as pater familias- As a personaUty, Simon Bischheim embodies He was rock-soUd, decisive, authoritarian, un­ the best of those quaUties which once marked compromising in his ethical standards and German Jewry. His loyalty to his German- determined that he and his famUy should Jewish past is based on his family's deep roots overcome the difficulties which befeU them on in the community of Frankfurt. In his auto­ the outbreak of the war with Nazi Germany- biography, which he wrote for his chUdren and At the same time he was genial, good- grandchUdren, he depicts Jewish life in Frank­ humoured, courteous and full of joie-de-vivre furt through many generations, thus making though impatient of weakness and slackness of also a valuable contribution to German-Jewish any kind. He remains perpetuaUy youthful in historiography. spirit but retains his traditional allegiances Like most members of the Jewish middle- and loyalties in aU the many and varied in 1947, and immediately took a lively interest spheres of activity and interest in which he class in pre-1933 Germany, he regarded econo­ in the affairs of the Lodge, playing a valuable mic security not as an end in itself but as the is still engaged. Sadly bereft many years ago part in various committees, in particular the of liis beloved wife, a trae Esheit HayU, never­ foundation for an active or receptive enjoy­ Cultural Activities Committee and Welfare ment of the values culture has to offer in theless through the loving devotion of his Committee. He was most generous in his sup­ daughter he enjoys a very full life—respected various spheres. In this respect, Simon Bisch­ port of all good causes and his friendly and heim's greatest love is music, and he is also an and loved by his chUdren, grandchUdren and affable manner, combined with his high in­ a traly large circle of friends. accomplished violinist. tegrity and sense of responsibiUty, made him By his membership with the AJR Executive, a very loved and greatly respected member We wish him very many happy retums of he has also become the personal friend of his of the Lodge. his birthday and we hope he will conltinue to coUeagues. AU of them express their sincerest Some years ago, he joined with other Lodge enjoy the blessings he has so ridhly merited birthday wishes to the youthful nonagenarian. members from Frankfurt in a committee, including the devotion of his famUy and the W. ROSENSTOCK headed by Rabbi Dr. Salzberger, which pre­ admiration of his friends. g jj goMPER

FAMILT EVENTS Weglein.—Mrs. Charlotte Weglein ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, Miscellaneous Entries in the column Familv (n6e Riegner) passed away peace­ etc.j undertaken by ladies on our Events are free of charge. Texts fuUy on June 30 at the Otto Schiff register. Phone AJR Employment REVLON MANICURIST / PEDI- should be sent in by the 15th of House, 14 NetherhaU Gardens, Agency, 01-624 4449. CURIST. wm visit your home. the month. London, N.W.3. Deeply mourned 01-445 2915. by her son, Henry Walker, daugh­ CONTINENTAL LADY, German- Birthdays ter, HUde Grodzinski, daughter-in- speaking, seeks non-residential law, Mary, and grandchildren. STRICTLY PRIVATE BUYER Magnus.—^Mrs. Paula Magnus (nee position as nursing companion. interested in German decorative Tichauer), of 6 Carmel Court, Also night duty and as travelling Kings Drive, Wembley Park, Wolff.—Dr. Robert Wolff, aged 78, companion. Box 509. SUver and Porcelain. Tel.: Mrs. Middlesex, wUl celebrate her 90th died at Ejn Vered, Israel, on June Aron, 021-429 2861. birthday on September 3. 28. Deeply moumed by Martel and Channah Wolff, Israel; Tony Borg, SURREY AREAS near Richmond/ EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS Mehl-Fabian.—Mrs. Fridl Mehl- Kew/Wimbledon, also Hammer­ Morris Feinmann Home, Man­ smith and Putney areas: Lady, car AND RESTYLING. All kinds of Fabian, of 17 Parsifal Road, Lon­ chester; Henry and Lore Lehmann fur work undertaken by firstclass don, N.W.6, celebrated her 80th and famUy. owner, avaUable for shopping, birthday on July 4. cooking, companionship. Would renovator and stylist, many years use car for outings, transport. 3-4 experience and best references. Centenary CLASSIFIED hours per day, Mondays to Fridays. Please contact AJR Employment Phone 01-452 5867, after 5 p.m- Mottek.—July 31 was the centenary for appointment, Mrs. F. PhiUpP> of the birth of Mrs. Anna Mottek The charge in these columns is Agency, 01-624 4449. who was bom in Frankfurt/Main, 15p for five words. 44 EUesmere Road, Dollis Hill> the daughter of Prof. Dr. Ludwig HOME TYPING by experienced London, N.W.IO. Oelsner, historian and teacher at Situations Vacant lady typist in English, German the Philanthropin. She qualified and French. Box 513. Personal as a teacher and worked in Frank­ THE AJR EMPLOYMENT furt and Berlin and, after her AGENCY needs ladies for dress Acconunodation Vacant I AM LOOKING, for my sister, who emigration, in London. In 1949 she alterations and mending who would is a middle-aged widow, has pleas­ joined her daughter in ChUe be prepared to collect and deUver where she passed away in her 97th work/do fittings at clients' homes. TO LET, centrally heated bed- ant appearance and nice home, for year. Please contact Mrs. Casson, 01-624 sitting-room in block of flats W.ll. a kind gentieman (widower) for 4449. with use of kitchen, to refined companionship (marriage con­ Deaths gentleman, not Orthodox. Tel.: 01- sidered). Box 510. Sobel.—^Mr. Bemhard Sobel, of 94 Situations Wanted 727 4490 after 6 pjn. Hyndland Road, Glasgow, G12 9PZ, WIDOWER, late 60s, independent, passed away peacefully on June 11. Deeply moumed and sadly missed Women For Sale non-Orthodox, would Uke to meet attractive cultured lady not over by his wife, Dse, daughter, Char­ 2 HUNGARIAN LADIES, very NEARLY NEW Ughtweight wheel­ lotte, future son-in-tow, Alan, good cooks, available for parties. chair; price £60 (initial purchase 62, preferably Austrian or Czech nephew, Peter, niece, Audrey, and AJR Employment Agency, tel: price £100 at beginning of 1975). born. N.W. London. Object mar­ aU his friends. 01-624 4449. Box 511. riage. Box 512. AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975 Page H ZUM ABLEBEN VON THEATRE AND CULTURAL NEWS PROFESSOR DR. SHMUEL HUGO BERGMAN Im Juni dieses Jahres ist in Jerusalem der The Show of Shows on German TV. Under beth Orth, eldest daughter of the celebrated 92 jaehrige Philosoph Shmuel Hugo Bergman the title "Treffpunkt Herz", a Super-show is actor-couple, Paula Wessely-Attila Hoerbiger, zu Grabe getragen worden. Er war der letzte being prepared which wUl reach the screens discusses her parents in a refreshing manner. des zu Beruehmtheit gelangten "Prager Jfom Cologne this autumn. Stars of this gigan- —^A Stuttgart publication, "O diese Ustinovs", Kreises", dem Franz Kafka, Max Brod, Felix t'e production which will be topical as weU as develops into gossip. It is narrated by Peter Weltsch und der blinde Dichter Oskar Baum nostalgic, include Paul Hoerbiger (82), Olga Ustinov's mother who delights in describing angehoert haben In den politischen Kampf Tschechova (78), Elisabeth Flickenschildt, the colourful characters of this life-loving zwischen Deutschen und Tschechen hinein- Anneliese Rothenberger, Gustav Knuth, Hans clan, whose famUy tree shows origins from gestellt, suchten diese in fester persoenlicher Soehnker and many others. It wUl be staged Russia, Portugal, (Jermany and Ethiopia. Freundschaft verbundenen Menschen nach as a charity performance in aid of cancer Mother Nadja indulges in pointing out the einer im Geiste erschauten Welt. lesearch. delicious eccentricities of this large family, Berlin. A concentration of German theatri- and surrounds them with a loving and under­ Bergman war der erste von ihnen, der mit S^^ productions was presented during the standing smUe. seinem Zionismus emst machte und schon im Berlin "Theatertreffen". However, the Bochum Obituary. Frieda Leider, internationally Jahre 1920 nach Palaestina uebersiedelte. Er Theatre which contributed a new "King Lear", acknowledged Top- BruenhUde and Isolde of wird in die Geschichte eingehen als Schoepfer interpreted and modernised by Peter Zadek, the 'twenties and 'thirties, who sang at Ham­ und Bauer der hebraeischen Nationalbibliothek (treated a minor theatre scandal. Shouting and burg, Bayreuth, London, Berlin and Chicago, auf dem Skopus, als erster Professor fuer whistling lasted for over 15 minutes, and has died at the age of 87. Her autobiography, Philosophie und erster Rektor der Universitaet foreign visitors had to be assured again and "Das war mein Teil", was published in 1959. von Jerusalem. Er war ein Mensch der sgain by the critics that Zadek, usually a The musical world moums Robert Stolz who Humanitaet und des Glaubens. Sein juedisches orilliant producer, had completely misjudged died at the great age of 94. He was not only Volksgefuehl geht aus religioesen Wurzeln the characters of the play as weU as the mood a songwriter ("Im Prater bluehn wieder die hervor, er war nicht nur ein Jude durch Geburt of a perhaps rather conservative and tradition- Baeume", "Frag' nicht, warum ich gehe") and sondern ebensosehr durch sittliche Wahl. 'oving audience. operetta composer ("White Horse Inn"), he Bergmans Bibliographie enthaelt mehr als Berlin Opera in Edinburgh. During this was the last of the musical elite that consti­ 1780 Nummern, er schrieb u.a. ueber Kant, year's Festival, the "Deutsche Oper" wiU tuted the SUver Era of Vienna operetta. S.B. Bolzano, Franz Rosenzweig, Salomon Maimon, Provide two twentieth-century contributions: seine dreibaendige "Geschichte der Philoso­ diehard Strauss's "Salome" and Alban Bergs' IN MEMORY OF ERNA LAND phie" in hebraeischer Sprache ist ein Standard­ "Lulu". The AJR Club deeply regrets the death of werk fuer jeden Philosophiestudenten in Israel. Birthdays International. France is leading in Miss Eraa Land, of 6 Princes Court, London, Den Zeitgenossen, die um ihn trauern, bleibt this month's birthday list: Jean Paul Sartre, N.W.2. She was a member of the Committee die Gestalt eines Menschen in Erinnerung, der Philosopher and novelist, is 70, Jean Anouilh, and gave much thought and help to the work —wie Wenige—imstande war, an den ethischen of the Club. She was untiring in visiting mem- Zielen, die er sich setzte, festzuhalten, sie zu Prolific French dramatist ("Becket", "Anti­ laers when they were Ul in hospital and con­ gone"), is 65. The Viennese actor, Hans tinued these visits even when she herself verfolgen und seinen Mitmenschen ein- Thimig, celebrated his 75th birthday in his had already difficulties in walking. Miss Land zupflanzen. Denn er war ein grosser Lehrer in Austrian alpine retreat. will be remembered with gratitude by all Israel. Books. In "Maerchen ihres Lebens", Elisa who knew her. NELLY ENGEL

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Continental Boarding House BELSIZE SQUARE GUEST H.WOORTMAN&SON SWISS COTTAGE HOTEL 8 Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.3 Well-appointed rooms, excellent tood. TV. HOUSE b"'^den. Congenial atmosphere. Reasonable 4 Adamson Road, 'Phone 435 S974 L*tes. A permanent home for the elderly. 24 BELSIZE SQUARE, N.W.3 '»curlty and continuity ol management London, N.W.S fc. assured by TEL.: 01-722 2261 Tel.: 01-794 4307 or 01-435 2557 Continental Builder and Decorator Mrs. A. Wolff & Mrs. H. Wolff (Jnr) Beautifully appointed—all modern MODERN SELF-CATERING HOLIDAY Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs 3 Hemstal Road, London, ROOMS. RESIDENT HOUSEKEEPER. comforts. MODERATE TERMS. ESTIMATES FREE NWe 2AB. Tel.: 01-624 8521 1 minute from Swiss Cottage Tuba SUtlon NEAR SWISS COTTACE STATION Page 12 AJR INFORMATION AUGUST, 1975

was different among our refugee community, where the common difficulties strengthened "STRIKING NEW ROOTS" the family bonds between parents and children. The situation of the Asians differs from Lucie Schachne's Address at AJR Annual General Meeting that of the West Indians in many respects. The families stick together. They generally have a kind of middle-class attitude. Their quali­ In her talk, "Striking New Roots", Miss Lastly, differing in colour from the majority fications are often higher than those required Lude Schachne, Administrative Officer of the population, the new immigrants have not the for the jobs they accept. The children usually Camden Committee for Conniunity Relations, same chance of full assimilation as the refugees fare well at school. The younger generation described the position of th > post-war immi­ from the Continent. is not, or at least not yet, aggressive. They grants from the West Indies and Asia and The speaker then described the specific, want to integrate. Yet at the same time they compared it with that of thc pre-war refugees and not identical, positions of the West Indian want to retain their identity. In common with from Central Europe. Whilst we, as the objects and Asian immigrants. The West Indians first other minorities they aim at group integra­ of persecution, had no choi:e but to emigrate, felt more British than the British. English tion, and this may turn out to be more the "black" (including Asian) immigrants was their first language, but soon they had successful and acceptable than individual came to this country because they hoped that to realise that it was not the same English they would thus improve their living standard. integration. as is spoken in this country. This was a great Dealing with the possibilities of helping the Some of them also arrived with the intention shock, especially few their children when they of going back after having made sufficient new immigrants, the speaker referred to the became pupils of English schools. Gradually, various activities of the Committees for Coni- savings or acquired some professional quali­ the younger generation accepted the difference fications. munity relations, whose work in Camden had and reacted by a search for a new identity. In started in 1965. The Committee is aware The West Indians, being members of the a way, the speaker said, this trend can be where the problems are. Its basic aim is that the New CommonweaHh, expected to have the compared with the emergence of Zionism in immigrant groups should gradually be geared same opportunities as the indigenous English. the Jewish sphere as a reaction against dis­ to helping themselves. The current activities They resented the difficulties they encoun­ crimination. The reorientation also results in include the running of supplementary week­ tered in finding employment. Whereas we were the desire to learn more about one's own past. end schools staffed by professional teachers prepared to accept any kind of work, also if Therefore, the incorporation of "black studies" who render their services voluntarily. One o* it was considerably below the level of our as an optional subject in the school curriculum the ways in which oiu* people could help is previous occupations or professions, they be­ should be encouraged. in the field of employment. Referring- to a lieved they have reasons to be accepted with­ There is a growing desire among the recent appeal signed by a number of leading out any discrimination in the labour market. younger people to be represented by spokes­ companies the speaker asked owners of firms Another diflerence arose from the fact that men from their own ranks, and well-meaning to offer vacanices to new immigrants. we, as Jews, could benefit from the help of white people are sometimes suspect as being the Jewish community of this coimtry. There patronising. There is also a growing sympathy are no comparable organisations of mutual with the politically Left-wing radicals and CBF LIMITS RELIEF ABROAD help among the post-war immigrants; this sometimes a certain militancy against the At its last Council Meeting, the Central became evident again only a few years ago police which for them symbolise the white British Fund made allocations of altogetnei when the Ugandan Asians arrived in this society suppressing the black. The rebellious £25,000, of which £17,500 was for Jews in a^a coming out of Eastern countries. On the other country. Thus, help for the new immigrants spirit also results in opposition against the hand, due to lack of sufficient funds, a number had to be provided for out of public funds parents in their conventional and accommo­ of applications totalling well over £16,000 haa of the State and the municipalities. dating attitude. In this respect too the position to be turned down. 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