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War Occ Pation Liberation
WAR OCC PATION LIBERATION Belgium WAR 1940—1945 OCC PATION LIBERATION Wannes Devos Kevin Gony (eds.) www.lannoo.com Register on our website to regularly receive a newsletter with information about new books and interesting exclusive offers. Final editing Wannes Devos Kevin Gony Photo editing Luc Vandeweghe Translations Altair Vertalingen bvba Cover design Studio Lannoo (Mieke Verloigne) Cover photos Belgian refugees, ca. 1940 (War Heritage Institute) Layout Keppie & Keppie © Lannoo Publishers nv, Tielt, 2019 and the authors D/2019/45/343 – ISBN 978 94 014 5909 9 – NUR 689 All rights reserved. Nothing of this publication may be reproduced, stored in an automated database and/or made public in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS PREFACE 9 Michel Jaupart CONTEXT 13 THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN PERSPECTIVE Luc De Vos INTRODUCTION 19 THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN PARTS Wannes Devos 1 FROM ONE WAR TO THE OTHER 27 • TWENTY YEARS OF PEACE? BELGIAN INTERWAR POLICY 29 Catherine Lanneau • THE IMPLICATIONS OF CONTROLLING THE RHINE 38 Anne Godfroid • MULTILATERALISM OR ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY? THE BELGIAN MISSION(S) IN ETHIOPIA 40 Manuel Duran • WIFE AND MOTHER: WOMEN IN THE NEW ORDER 43 Christine Van Everbroeck • A PRINCE AND HIS ARMY: THE KING, THE BELGIAN ARMY AND THE GOVERNMENT 51 Jean-Michel Sterkendries • THE BELGIAN BUNKER LINES: MANY FEET IN THE SOIL 57 Erik Janssen • THE 1939 MOBILISATION: WERE THEY PREPARED? 60 Pierre Lierneux 5 2 WAR AND COMBAT 63 • MAY 1940: THE -
INFORMATION ISSUED by the Assooajm of XWBH Rbums Bl 6REAT BRITAHI
••i^!Sf»smm!m^mmfaism«ssas>mBm Volume XXX No. 8 August, 1975 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAJm OF XWBH RBUmS Bl 6REAT BRITAHI had to change their abode. Judging from past experience it was, however, to be expected PROGRESS AND NEW PROBLEMS that they would soon overcome initial difficul ties and settle down well in their new en vironment. It was also a source of deep regret General Meeting of the AJR that the House Committee of Otto Hirsch House would cease to function. All of its The variety of tasks to be fulfilled by the The speaker then gave a detailed report members had been deeply attached to the ^•IR and the changes it has to undergo lest it about the policy concerning the Homes, jointly Home and done wonderful teamwork under becomes stagnant became evident anew at administered by the AJR and the CBF. The their successive chairmen. Dr. Walter Dux, this year's Annual General Meeting, held on work in this field commenced 20 years ago, Mr. H. C. Mayer and Dr. Laura Stein. Special June 17 at Haimah Karminski House. when the first residential Home for the Aged, thanks were due to all House Committee mem After his welcoming address, Mr. W. M. Otto Schiff House, was opened. It was followed bers. Sehr, OBE, chairman of the AJR paid tribute by the establishment of Leo Baeck House and Dealing with the finances of the Homes, to the memory of the honorary officers who otto Hirsch House in 1958 and Heinrich Stahl the speaker reported that during the nine had passed away during the year. -
'With a Stretched Arm. Like Superman, Not Like
‘With a stretched arm. Like Superman, not like Hitler’. The Politics of Commemorative Irreverence in Astronaut van Oranje (2013) by Andy Fierens and Michaël Brijs ‘Met gestrekte arm. Zoals Superman, niet zoals Hitler’. De uitdagingen van het culturele geheugen in Astronaut van Oranje (2013) van Andy Fierens en Michaël Brijs Jan Lensen, Freie Universität Berlin Abstract. This essay offers an analysis of the aesthetical and political implications of the seemingly random use of names of figures from Belgian collaborationist history in the novel Astronaut van Oranje (2013) by Flemish authors Andy Fierens and Michaël Brijs. More specifically, it investigates the framing of the memory of World War II in Belgium by means of a satirical fantasy story that fuses elements from the dystopian imagination, science fiction, Gothic horror, and popular culture. Drenched in satire, hyperbole, absurdities, coarse humor, and blatant clichés, the novel eschews historiographical relevance and deliberately ignores the sensibilities that govern public and political discourses about this war past. By doing so, so I argue, it offers a provocative engagement with established practices in both Belgian and Flemish cultural memory, implementing what I will call a ‘politics of commemorative irreverence’. Keywords: Second World War, collaborationism, cultural memory, Andy Fierens, dystopia, science fiction, satire / Tweede Wereldoorlog, collaboratie, cultureel geheugen, Andy Fierens, dystopie, science fiction, satire Journal of Dutch Literature, 6.2 (2015), 37-58 Jan Lensen 38 Introduction The use of the comic in cultural representations of suffering and perpetration seems governed by a stringent ethical imperative. While the comical presentation of affliction is considered the privilege of those subjected to it (the insiders and, by extension, their descendants), the permission to laugh at perpetrators is tied to the condition of not being one (the outsiders, although this category is obviously much more difficult to demarcate). -
The Lion, the Rooster, and the Union: National Identity in the Belgian Clandestine Press, 1914-1918
THE LION, THE ROOSTER, AND THE UNION: NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE BELGIAN CLANDESTINE PRESS, 1914-1918 by MATTHEW R. DUNN Submitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors Approved by: _________________________ Dr. Andrew Denning _________________________ Dr. Nathan Wood _________________________ Dr. Erik Scott _________________________ Date Abstract Significant research has been conducted on the trials and tribulations of Belgium during the First World War. While amateur historians can often summarize the “Rape of Belgium” and cite nationalism as a cause of the war, few people are aware of the substantial contributions of the Belgian people to the war effort and their significance, especially in the historical context of Belgian nationalism. Relatively few works have been written about the underground press in Belgium during the war, and even fewer of those works are scholarly. The Belgian underground press attempted to unite the country's two major national identities, Flemings and Walloons, using the German occupation as the catalyst to do so. Belgian nationalists were able to momentarily unite the Belgian people to resist their German occupiers by publishing pro-Belgian newspapers and articles. They relied on three pillars of identity—Catholic heritage, loyalty to the Belgian Crown, and anti-German sentiment. While this expansion of Belgian identity dissipated to an extent after WWI, the efforts of the clandestine press still serve as an important framework for the development of national identity today. By examining how the clandestine press convinced members of two separate nations, Flanders and Wallonia, to re-imagine their community to the nation of Belgium, historians can analyze the successful expansion of a nation in a war-time context. -
Time and Historicity As Constructed by the Argentine Madres De Plaza De Mayo and Radical Flemish Nationalists Berber Bevernage A; Koen Aerts a a Ghent University
This article was downloaded by: [Bevernage, Berber] On: 23 November 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 917057581] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Social History Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713708979 Haunting pasts: time and historicity as constructed by the Argentine Madres de Plaza de Mayo and radical Flemish nationalists Berber Bevernage a; Koen Aerts a a Ghent University, Online publication date: 20 November 2009 To cite this Article Bevernage, Berber and Aerts, Koen(2009) 'Haunting pasts: time and historicity as constructed by the Argentine Madres de Plaza de Mayo and radical Flemish nationalists', Social History, 34: 4, 391 — 408 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/03071020903256986 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071020903256986 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Activisme | International Encyclopedia of the First World
Activisme By Antoon Vrints A minority of the adherents of the Flemish movement were willing to collaborate with the German occupier in the context of Flamenpolitik. This minority labelled themselves “activists”, stressing their dislike of the Belgian patriotic truce. Table of Contents 1 Definition 2 Debate 3 Impact Selected Bibliography Citation Definition The term “activisme” refers to the part of the Flemish Movement that was willing to collaborate politically with the German occupier in Belgium during the First World War. Both the perspectives offered by the German Flamenpolitik and the fulfilment of the Flemish movement’s pre-war demands – in fact, far beyond what was originally demanded – were decisive in this regard. The fraction was referred to as “activist” since it was willing to break with the Belgian patriotic truce in contrast to the majority of the adherents of the Flemish movement, who remained loyal to the Belgian state. Activisme represented a double watershed in the history of the Flemish Movement. It not only initiated anti-Belgian Flemish nationalism as a political current, but also heralded the beginning of authoritarianism within the Flemish Movement. The “activist” political collaboration was intrinsically authoritarian, since it wanted to use the German force’s presence (including violence, if needed) to impose its program on the unwilling Flemish population that first and foremost wanted the departure of the repressive occupation regime. This was in contrast to the flamingants (adherents of the Flemish movement), such as the Catholic politician Frans van Cauwelaert (1880-1961), who did not want to isolate themselves from the population and therefore remained loyal to the Belgian state; they wanted to implement the Flemish movement’s program by parliamentary, democratic means. -
Vlaams Blok Op Internet
UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN VAKGROEP COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN Polliittiiek iin de éénenttwiinttiigstte eeuw:: de diigiittalle snellweg onttdektt? CASE STUDY : VLAAMS BLOK OP INTERNET JANA WUYTS SCRIPTIE TOT HET BEHALEN VAN DE GRAAD VAN LICENTIAAT IN DE COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN PROMOTOR : PROF. DR. D. VOORHOOF ACADEMIEJAAR 2002-2003 Politiek in de éénentwintintigste eeuw: de digitale snelweg ontdekt? Woord Vooraf Graag zou ik bij deze gelegenheid mijn oprechte dank willen betuigen aan iedereen die mij bijgestaan heeft om de realisatie van deze thesis mogelijk te maken. In de eerste plaats ben ik een woord van dank verschuldigd aan mijn promotor prof. dr. Dirk Voorhoof, voor de goede begeleiding. Verder zou ik een woord van dank willen richten tot mijn ouders, die mij met raad en daad hebben gesteund bij het schrijven van mijn eindwerk. Zonder de technische assistentie van mijn vader bij de opmaak en het creëren van de CD-rom, zou het eindresultaat minder aantrekkelijk ogen. Ook wil ik mijn moeder bedanken voor het geduldige codeerwerk bij de inhoudsanalyse van de digitale Vlaams Blok-teksten. Universiteit Gent - 2 - Academiejaar 2002-2003 Politiek in de éénentwintintigste eeuw: de digitale snelweg ontdekt? Inhoudstafel Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................10 Deel 1: Literatuurstudie Het Vlaams Blok op Internet.................................................................13 Hoofdstuk 1. -
Bruno De Wever the FLEMISH MOVEMENT and FLEMISH NATIONALISM INSTRUMENTS, HISTORIOGRAPH
Bruno De Wever THE FLEMISH MOVEMENT AND FLEMISH NATIONALISM INSTRUMENTS, HISTORIOGRAPHY AND DEBATES The historiography of the Flemish movement and the Belgian nationality conflict is very extensive and diverse. The seven-part Bibliografie van de Vlaamse beweging (Bibliography of the Flemish movement) on the years 1945 to 2001 contains almost 20,000 titles.1 Although by far not all titles are scientific and historiographical, it says something about the extent of the production. It is obviously impossible to strive for completeness in the few words of this article. I will limit myself to the main working instruments with which I also address the scientific infrastructure. Furthermore I provide an overview of the basic works and the most significant literature in English, French and German. Finally I give a concise overview of the smouldering historiographical debates. Instruments Jo Tollebeek, one of the most important connoisseurs of the Belgian historiographical production, concludes that from the 1970s on quantitative as well as qualitative research increased greatly as the result of a process of professionalisation and the development of an infrastructure specifically focused on the study of the history of the Flemish movement.2 Bruno De Wever, ‘The Flemish movement and Flemish nationalism. Instruments, historiography and debates’, in: Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) pp. 50-80. http://snm.nise.eu Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) | ARTICLES The input of the Flemish universities was very important in this regard. Broadly speaking, from the 1960s on and culminating in the years 1970- 1980, hundreds of dissertations and dozens of doctoral theses on the Flemish movement were written in the history departments of Belgian universities.3 The above-mentioned Bibliografie van de Vlaamse beweging offers a voluminous but rather unselective overview of the literature. -
Study on the Mechanisms and Processes of Participation in Extreme-Right Groups
Angry white rebel? Study on the mechanisms and processes of participation in extreme-right groups Doctoral dissertation submitted in order to obtain the academic degree of Doctor (PhD) in the criminological sciences Academic year 2015-2016 Doctoral student: Maarten De Waele Supervisors: Guidance committee: Prof. dr. Lieven Pauwels Prof. dr. Lieven Pauwels Prof. dr. Marleen Easton Prof. dr. Marleen Easton Prof. dr. Antoinette Verhage Prof. dr. Tore Bjørgo Dr. Jaap Van Donselaar Preface 3 Preface At the start of this dissertation, I would like to take the opportunity to thank the persons involved in this work. Looking back at the past four years, it is fair to state that this PhD period has been a tremendous valuable learning experience. Therefore, it would like to start with thanking those people who gave me the opportunity to work on this project. At first, I would like to thank the person who encouraged me to apply for the PhD position, namely the supervisor of my Master thesis Prof. Dr. Em. Paul Ponsaers. In this regard, I would like to thank Paul for having confidence in my abilities. Next, I would especially like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Lieven Pauwels for his guidance and tremendous support throughout my PhD. I enormously appreciate the time he has spent to support me in my learning process. Furthermore, it would also like to thank my co-supervisor Prof. Dr. Marleen Easton for the useful discussions we had and the opportunities she has given me. Subsequently, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Antoinette Verhage for her constructive comments and her support, especially during the qualitative part of this study. -
Tanja Collet
Vossenberg, from Zondereigen to Blenheim and Detroit Tanja Collet 1. Introduction In the fall of 1927, not quite 10 years after the end of the Great War, Father Ladislas Segers left Belgium for Canada to work with Flemish (but also Dutch) immigrants in southwestern Ontario.1 On August 29, 1927, he set sail from Antwerp, accompanied by fellow Capuchin, Father Willibrord Pennincx, and arrived in Blenheim (Ontario), where he was to found the first Canadian settlement of the Belgian province of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (O. F. M. Cap.), on September 17, 1927. Later he would recall his departure for the New World as follows: The waving handkerchiefs on the wharf are now nearly invisible […]. Night falls. On the deck, together with other immigrants, I silently stare at the far- away lights that outline the country, for which we fought so ferociously in hundreds of battles. A painful, lonely dream in the night.2 (Gazette van Detroit, September 6, 1929, 9) Nearly a decade earlier, on August 1, 1914, just days before the German invasion, a mobilised Father Ladislas, then a young seminarist, had, like many other seminarists of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, volunteered for active participation as stretcher-bearer. After the fall of the port city of Antwerp, he was sent to the Yser Front where, from October 1914 until Armistice Day 1918, he had the grim task of clearing the wounded piotten (‘soldiers’) from the battlefield, without the protection of a weapon, all the while braving enemy bullets and shell 1 This is the text of a presentation delivered to the annual meeting of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Netherlandic Studies/Association canadienne pour l’avancement des études néerlandaises (CAANS-ACAÉN) held at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, on June 1-2, 2019. -
Friedrich Nietzsche in Dutch-Speaking Belgium During the Interwar Period: Odiel Spruytte and the Benefits of Micrological Reception Studies
Friedrich Nietzsche in Dutch-speaking Belgium during the Interwar Period: Odiel Spruytte and the Benefits of Micrological Reception Studies Benjamin Biebuyck, Ghent University Abstract: Reception studies tend to favour broad corpora and they have many reasons to do so. However, in some cases, it may be better to follow slowly, by means of close reading, the traces of an intensive reception over a certain period of time. An example of this is the case of the Flemish nationalist priest Odiel Spruytte, who was one of the most in-depth connoisseurs of Nietzsche in Dutch-speaking Belgium in the later interwar period. The analysis of the articles he published in the Flemish cultural-philosophical periodical Kultuurleven between 1934 and 1940, the time of his death, uncovers the subtle changes in Spruytte’s solid Nietzsche interpretations and allows us to discover the gradual rapprochement and alienation between conservative Catholic and national-socialist Nietzsche appropriations. Keywords: Friedrich Nietzsche, Belgium / België, Flanders / Vlaanderen, National-Socialism / Nationaal Socialisme, Conservative Catholicism / conservatief katholicisme Journal of Dutch Literature, 9.1 (2018), 47-64 Benjamin Biebuyck 48 Contact Zones and Cultural Emancipation The printed version of the 2002 monumental Weimarer Nietzsche Bibliographie (WNB) has quite an impressive fifth volume covering the ‘Wirkungs- und Forschungsgeschichte’ of Nietzsche’s writings from 1867 until 1998. It displays large sections on the reception history in France, Italy, the UK, North America and Russia, and shorter sections on countries and regions such as the Arabic world, Bulgaria, Latvia and Hungary. There is a tiny section on the reception in Belgium, focusing exclusively on probably the most internationally renowned Nietzschean in Belgium, Henry Van de Velde.1 The electronic version2 is evidently more exhaustive, also with respect to Belgium. -
Fonds Cyriel Verschaeve
ADVN ARCHIEF-, DOCUMENTATIE- EN ONDERZOEKSCENTRUM BE ADVN AC460 Fonds Cyriel Verschaeve BOEKEN & BROCHURES ADVN | ARCHIEF EN DOCUMENTATIECENTRUM VOOR HET VLAAMS-NATIONALISME VZW LANGE LEEMSTRAAT 26 | 2018 ANTWERPEN [T] ++32 3 225 18 37 [F] ++32 3 226 64 05 [W] www.advn.be [E] [email protected] BE ADVN AC460 | FONDS CYRIEL VERSCHAEVE – BOEKEN & BROCHURES OVERDRACHTSLIJSTEN BOEKEN & BROCHURES – XVe XVe Bedevaart naar Vlaanderens doodenveld: hulde aan Lode De Boninge en Frans Van der Linden. — Diksmuide: Het werk der jaarlijksche Bedevaart naar de graven van den IJzer, 1936. — 143 p.: ill.; 18 cm VXL 1004.15/16 – 5e 5e Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangfeest 25 juli 1937. — S.l.: s.n., [1937]. — 24 p.: ill.; 22 cm Programma VXL 1007.5 – 6e 6e Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangfeest 3 juli 1938. — Borgerhout: Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangverbond, [1938]. — 24 p.: ill.; 22 cm Programma VXL 1007.6 – 7e 7e Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangfeest zondag 23 juli 1939. — Antwerpen: Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangverbond, [1939]. — 31 p.: ill.; 25 cm Programma VXL 1007.7 – 8e 8e Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangfeest zondag 31 augustus 1941 Brussel. — Antwerpen: Vlaamsch Nationaal Zangverbond, [1941]. — 20 p.: ill.; 24 cm Programma VXL 1007.8 – XXIIIe XXIIIe Nederlandsch Taal– en Letterkundig Congres gehouden te Antwerpen 1896: verslag van de commissie gelast met het onderzoeken van de wenschelijkheid van het inrichten eener Nederlandsche Hoogeschool in Vlaamsch-België. — Gent: s.n., [1896]. — 30 p.; 22 cm VBRBL 1065 – 1879 1879–1956: E.H. Jan Bernaerts: Westerlo 7 oktober 1962. — Westerlo: Werk der Jaarlijkse Bedevaart naar de Graven van de IJzer, 1962. — 31 p.: ill.; 22 cm VBRBL 1119 – A. A.