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Year 10 History Weimar and Nazi GCSE History Knowledge Organiser: The Weimar Republic 19181929 Kaiser Wilhelm II Kellogg-Briand Treaty of Kapp Putsch Hyperinflation The Locarno abdicates Versailles Pact Pact 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 French Spartacist Weimar The Dawes Germany joins the The Young occupation of Uprising Constitution Plan League of Nations Plan finalised the Ruhr Aftermath of WWI Opposition Economic Recovery Historiography After WWI a new government was established in Germany, The German people felt the government had In 1923 Gustav Stresseman was Chancellor and is largely F. Reynoldson Weimar & Nazi which was accountable to the Reichstag rather than the Kaiser. stabbed them in the back (Dolchstoss). They credited with the economic recovery of Germany. Germany 1996 In order to establish peace after WWI the USA insisted that the called the government the November Criminals. The Dawes Plan changed the reparations schedule to Kaiser was removed from power. On the 9th November, Kaiser “From 1924 – 1929 the Weimar Wilhelm abdicated. something which was more manageable. It also meant that Republic was much stronger The new government was led by Chancellor Friedrich Ebert and French troops would leave the Ruhr. than it had been just after the agreed to Armisticebased on America’s Fourteen Points. The Rentenmark was the new currency, issued in limited war. Led by Stressemann in the 1. The Spartacists, in amounts. Once it worked for a year, it was converted to Reichstag, the different parties The Weimar Constitution January 1919, the Reichsmark, based on gold reserves. managed to work together. The inspired by the left- The Young Plan was developed by US banker, Young. He extreme parties such as the wing Bolshevik reduced the reparations figure and extended the time the Nazis gained fewer seats in the Germans had to pay it. elections. The German people 2.. The Kapp Putsch (right-wing) was revolution in Russia, set up the Communist were better off and more attempted in March 1920. Ebert wanted Foreign Recovery to disband the Freikorps so they joined Party and tried to contented. The Weimar with the Reichswehr in Berlin. Led by overthrow the Republic looked safe.” Wolfgang Kapp they seized Berlin. Ebert government. This was The Locarno Pact helped German relations with France, asked Trade Unionists & Civil Servants put down by the Britain, Belgium & Italy by agreeing borders. E. Wimlott Weimar & Nazi not to support it, and the Putsch Reichswehr & the The League of Nations agreed to admit Germany in 1926. Germany 1997 collapsed. Berlin Freikorps The Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed in 1928, along with 64 other countries. It said they could have armies for self- “German prosperity was built defence and would resolve disagreements peacefully. on quicksand foundations. The Problems of 1923 Weimar economy was In January 1919 an election took place but no party had a dependent upon high-interest direct majority. They had to form a coalition which Ebert When Germany couldn’t pay their Changes in Society American loans, which usually (of the Social Democratic Party –SPD) became President reparations, the French moved into the Ruhr had to be repaid or renewed of. They joined with the Catholic Centre Party (ZP) and to take goods for themselves. The Germans Wages had increased by over 10% by 1928. Although this within three months. In times the German Democratic Party (DDP). A coalition meant went on strike & sabotaged their work, helped the working class, the middle classes had been of depression, US money that there were some weaknesses to the government. setting factories alight and breaking pumps. bankrupted by hyperinflation. Unemployment amongst the This meant that production from the middle class increased. lenders could demand rapid repayment. Moreover, The Treaty of Versailles Rhineland was very slow, making Germany More houses were being built: 2million + between 1924- poorer. 1931, which reduced homelessness. unemployment never fell below Women were given the vote and could work in a variety of 1.3 million. Although big The Treaty of Versailles was harsh on Germany and forced The government printed more money to pay the strikers and their areas: teaching, civil service etc. business grew in the 1920s, them to sign the War Guilt Clause, lose land, army, reparations which, coupled with the slow production in the Ruhr, led Art, architecture, literature and theatre began to change small firms struggled and many equipment and pay back £6.6 billion in reparations. to hyperinflation where the currency became virtually worthless. and become more rich & diverse. went bankrupt. GCSE History Knowledge Organiser: Hitler’s Rise to Power 1919-1933 Papen Schleicher Hitler sets up Hitler introduced Bamberg The Locarno Stressemann Kapp Putsch becomes becomes the Nazi Party the SA Conference dies Pact Chancellor Chancellor 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 Hitler joins The Munich Nazis win 12 Wall Street Nazis win 107 Nazis win Nazis win the German Putsch seats in Crash seats in 230 seats in 196 seats in Workers Party Reichstag Reichstag Reichstag Reichstag itler becomes becomes itler Chancellor H Hitler’s Early Life In reality, the Munich Putsch failed after the alarm was Growth in Support for the Nazis Historiography raised and the SA were no match for the Army. Hitler ended up in Landsberg Prison in 1924 for 9 Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria. When his father died in Joseph Goebbels was instrumental in securing further success for months. He had used his trial to gain political celebrity Ian Kershaw The Hitler 1903, it brought him closer to his mother. During 1907, she died the Nazis between 1929-1930. They increased their presence on a and whilst in prison reached two turning points: 1) he and Hitler was turned away from the Academy of Fine Arts national scene through posters, newspapers and the radio. Myth (2001) needed to gain power legally and 2) he wrote Mein Vienna. Following this, he made a living by painting postcards Hitler took the opportunity to exploit the problems from a Kampf which went on to be the pinnacle of his politics. “Hitler had a deep-seated, whilst sleeping rough. He fled to Germany and joined the coalition government and presented German people with an lasting sense of revenge— German Army, winning the Iron Cross twice. By the end of WWI, alternative: a strong, united Nazi government. he was temporarily blinded by a gas attack. The Lean Years 1924-1928 He began to use the Jews as scapegoats for the country’s something you don’t problems. The 1930 election was a breakthrough for Hitler and come across in history too Hitler persuaded the government to lift its’ ban on the Nazi Party The Growth of the NSDAP the Nazis became the second largest party in the Reichstag. often.” and reorganised the party into Gaue’s run by a Gauleiter he trusted. During the presidential election of 1932, Hitler continued to make At the Bamberg Conference in 1926, he convinced other potential gains. The Nazis were funded by industrialists, through their fears Hitler became an informant for the Army after WWI. He was leaders Strasser & Goebbels that he was the right man for the job. of Communism. asked to spy on the DAP. The leader of the DAP, Anton By 1928 the Nazi Party had over 100,000 members but only 12 seats KD Bracher (1979) Drexler, was so impressed with how he spoke that he asked in the Reichstag. It was progress…but not enough. him to join. Hitler spoke about Dolchstoss, his hatred of the Political Developments in 1932 argued that Hitler was an Weimar Republic and about anti-Semitism. Unemployment By 1932, Bruning had lost ideologue, propelled to After 1920 ‘National Socialist’ was added to the party’s name self-destruction by his & Hitler and Drexler wrote the Twenty Five Point Plan, Hindenburg’s support because of how he had failed to improve the containing ideas about nationalism, pure German blood and In 1929 the Wall Street Crash caused America ideology, a fanatic for German economy. In the 1932 July anti-Semitism. This went on to become the party’s to recall their loans from the Dawes Plan. The whom ‘nothing else Great Depression caused massive election the Nazis won 230 seats manifesto. Membership to the party continued to grow with (37.4%) and were now the biggest mattered in the end’ save Hitler as leader. unemployment in Germany. At the same time, Stresemann died & Germans lost hope. In 1930 party in the Reichstag. Hitler a perverse desire to the new Chancellor Brüning introduced a 2.5% demanded the role of Chancellor massacre the Jews The Munich Putsch wage cut & increased taxes to attempt to but von Papen refused to relinquish it and dissolved the balance the books. He was nicknamed the Reichstag. He called for new Hitler introduced the Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1921 ‘Hunger Chancellor’. By 1932, unemployment elections in November. This time, to control violence at political meetings and to AJP Taylor 1967 exceeded 6 million. the Nazis only secured 196 seats intimidate political opposition. In order to get things passed, Hindenburg used (33.1%). Papen resigned and was The Nazi Party was ‘a man In 1923 he began to plan a coup where he would Article 48 and began to use the Reichstag less replaced by Schleicher. Papen & bent on success on the seize political power from the Bavarian and less. Hitler began working together and one side, and a group of government, (Kahr, Lossow & Seisser) before This time period saw a rise in violence and the convinced Hindenburg that having marching on Berlin and seizing power from the Nazi Party began making small political gains.
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