Study Guide REFUGE
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The Influence of Progressive Judaism in Poland—An Outline
The Influence of Progressive Judaism in Poland ♦ 1 The Influence of Progressive Judaism in Poland—an Outline Michał Galas Jagiellonian University In the historiography of Judaism in the Polish lands the influence of Reform Judaism is often overlooked. he opinion is frequently cited that the Polish Jews were tied to tradition and did not accept ideas of religious reform coming from the West. his paper fills the gap in historiography by giving some examples of activities of progressive communities and their leaders. It focuses mainly on eminent rabbis and preachers such as Abraham Goldschmidt, Markus Jastrow, and Izaak Cylkow. Supporters of progressive Judaism in Poland did not have as strong a position as representatives of the Reform or Conservative Judaism in Germany or the United States. Religious reforms introduced by them were for a number of reasons moderate or limited. However, one cannot ignore this move- ment in the history of Judaism in Poland, since that trend was significant for the history of Jews in Poland and Polish-Jewish relations. In the historiography of Judaism in the Polish lands, the history of the influ- ence of Reform Judaism is often overlooked. he opinion is frequently cited that the Polish Jews were tied to tradition and did not accept ideas of religious reform coming from the West. his opinion is perhaps correct in terms of the number of “progressive” Jews, often so-called proponents of reform, on Polish soil, in comparison to the total number of Polish Jews. However, the influence of “progressives” went much further and deeper, in both the Jewish and Polish community. -
Theresienstadt Concentration Camp from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Theresienstadt concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E "Theresienstadt" redirects here. For the town, see Terezín. Navigation Theresienstadt concentration camp, also referred to as Theresienstadt Ghetto,[1][2] Main page [3] was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress and garrison city of Contents Terezín (German name Theresienstadt), located in what is now the Czech Republic. Featured content During World War II it served as a Nazi concentration camp staffed by German Nazi Current events guards. Random article Tens of thousands of people died there, some killed outright and others dying from Donate to Wikipedia malnutrition and disease. More than 150,000 other persons (including tens of thousands of children) were held there for months or years, before being sent by rail Interaction transports to their deaths at Treblinka and Auschwitz extermination camps in occupied [4] Help Poland, as well as to smaller camps elsewhere. About Wikipedia Contents Community portal Recent changes 1 History The Small Fortress (2005) Contact Wikipedia 2 Main fortress 3 Command and control authority 4 Internal organization Toolbox 5 Industrial labor What links here 6 Western European Jews arrive at camp Related changes 7 Improvements made by inmates Upload file 8 Unequal treatment of prisoners Special pages 9 Final months at the camp in 1945 Permanent link 10 Postwar Location of the concentration camp in 11 Cultural activities and -
What Do Students Know and Understand About the Holocaust? Evidence from English Secondary Schools
CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster, Alice Pettigrew, Andy Pearce, Rebecca Hale Centre for Holocaust Education Centre Adrian Burgess, Paul Salmons, Ruth-Anne Lenga Centre for Holocaust Education What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Cover image: Photo by Olivia Hemingway, 2014 What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster Alice Pettigrew Andy Pearce Rebecca Hale Adrian Burgess Paul Salmons Ruth-Anne Lenga ISBN: 978-0-9933711-0-3 [email protected] British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permissions of the publisher. iii Contents About the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education iv Acknowledgements and authorship iv Glossary v Foreword by Sir Peter Bazalgette vi Foreword by Professor Yehuda Bauer viii Executive summary 1 Part I Introductions 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Methodology 23 Part II Conceptions and encounters 35 3. Collective conceptions of the Holocaust 37 4. Encountering representations of the Holocaust in classrooms and beyond 71 Part III Historical knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust 99 Preface 101 5. Who were the victims? 105 6. -
Understanding the History of the Holocaust II
UNDERSTANDING THE HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST II Jewish Resistance, Miracles & Righteous Gentiles n the first Morasha shiur on the Holocaust, we developed a rudimentary Iunderstanding of the horrors of the Holocaust and its irrevocable impact on the Jewish people. We will now turn our attention to some of the glimmers of hope that appeared during those dark days. It is important to dispel the myth that Jews went to their deaths passively, “like lambs to the slaughter.” For reasons that will be mentioned below, Jewish resistance was often spiritual rather than physical; the manner in which they retained their human spirit, and even their Jewish spirit, demonstrates strength of character that we can barely imagine. Most of the stories of Jewish courage were lost with their heroes. Some have been passed on to us. It is our duty to remember these stories, and internalize their messages. Furthermore, while the Holocaust was a time of unimaginable suffering and darkness for the Jewish people, many of those who survived (and even those who ultimately did not) experienced moments of salvation that were nothing short of miraculous. Stretched beyond the limits of physical endurance and facing the merciless, overwhelming brutality of the Nazis, many Jews found that their lives were saved in the most improbable ways. The history of the Holocaust is replete with such miracles, evidence that God was still with us even during that time of suffering. Finally, it is important to mention some of the non-Jewish heroes who risked their own lives to save Jews from certain death. Even at a time in history when the entire world seemed to have turned against the Jewish people, there were still isolated individuals who demonstrated both mercy and courage by extending themselves to save Jews. -
„Grossaktion” (22 July 1942 – 21 September 1942)
„Grossaktion” (22 July 1942 – 21 September 1942) The Nazi authorities started to carry out the plans for annihilating European Jews from the second half of 1941, when German troops marched into the USSR. If we deem the activities of the Einsatzgruppen as phase one of the extermination and the ones commenced nine months later (“Operation Reinhardt”) as its escalation, the liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto – conducted between 22 July and 21 September 1942 under the codename “Grossaktion” – should be regarded as a supplement of the genocide plan. All of them were parts of the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”. Announcements. In the afternoon of July 20th, cars with SS officers start appearing in the Ghetto. Guard posts at the exits leading to the “Aryan District” have been reinforced. A security cordon was established along the walls, comprised of uniformed Lithuanian, Latvian, and Ukrainian troops. Stefan Ernest, working at the Ghetto Employment Office, noted at that time, his feeling of impending cataclysm to erupt in Warsaw, the largest conglomeration of Jews in German-occupied Europe: “It was clear that some invisible hand was orchestrating a spectacle that is yet to begin. The current goings on are just a tuning of instruments getting ready to play some dreadful symphony. Some sort of »La danse macabre«” . On the same day, when many Judenrat representatives were arrested in the afternoon and transported to the Pawiak prison, Ernest wrote: “The Game has begun”. The city was gripped in fear. Everything indicated that the future of the Jews was already settled. The screenplay, methods and manner of its execution remained unknown. -
Study Guide for Band of Brothers – Episode 9: Why We Fight
Study Guide for Band of Brothers – Episode 9: Why We Fight INTRO: Band of Brothers is a ten-part video series dramatizing the history of one company of American paratroopers in World War Two—E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne, known as “Easy Company.” Although the company’s first experience in real combat did not come until June 1944 ( D-Day), this exemplary group fought in some of the war’s most harrowing battles. Band of Brothers depicts not only the heroism of their exploits but also the extraordinary bond among men formed in the crucible of war. In the ninth episode, Easy Company finally enters Germany in April 1945, finding very little resistance as they proceed. There they are impressed by the industriousness of the defeated locals and gain respect for their humanity. But the G.I.s are then confronted with the horror of an abandoned Nazi concentration camp in the woods, which the locals claim not to have known anything about. Here the story of Easy Company is connected with the broader narrative of the war—the ideology of the Third Reich and Hitler’s plan to exterminate the Jews. CURRICULUM LINKS: Band of Brothers can be used in history classes. NOTE TO EDUCATORS: Band of Brothers is appropriate as a supplement to units on World War Two, not as a substitute for material providing a more general explanation of the war’s causes, effects, and greater historical significance. As with war itself, it contains graphic violence and language; it is not for the squeamish. Mature senior high school students, however, will find in it a powerful evocation of the challenges of war and the experience of U.S. -
Community in Exile: German Jewish Identity Development in Wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945 Alice I
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2011 Community in Exile: German Jewish Identity Development in Wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945 Alice I. Reichman Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Reichman, Alice I., "Community in Exile: German Jewish Identity Development in Wartime Shanghai, 1938-1945" (2011). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 96. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/96 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE COMMUNITY IN EXILE: GERMAN JEWISH IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN WARTIME SHANGHAI, 1938-1945 SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR ARTHUR ROSENBAUM AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY ALICE REICHMAN FOR SENIOR THESIS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010-2011 APRIL 25, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ……………………………………………………………………... iii INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………....1 CHAPTER ONE FLIGHT FROM THE NAZIS AND ARRIVAL IN A FOREIGN LAND ……………………………....7 CHAPTER TWO LIFE AND CONDITIONS IN SHANGHAI ………………………………………………….......22 CHAPTER THREE RESPONDING TO LIFE IN SHANGHAI ……………………………………………………….38 CHAPTER FOUR A HETEROGENEOUS COMMUNITY : DIFFERENCES AMONG JEWISH REFUGEES ……………. 49 CHAPTER FIVE MAINTAINING A CENTRAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY : GERMANIC CULTURE COMES TO SHANGHAI ………………………………………………………………………………... 64 CHAPTER SIX YOUTH EXPERIENCE …………………………………………………………………….... 80 CHAPTER SEVEN A COSMOPOLITAN CITY : ENCOUNTERS AND EXCHANGES WITH OTHER CULTURES ……....98 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………….... 108 DIRECTORY OF REFERENCED SURVIVORS ………………………………………………. 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………….. 117 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to thank my reader, Professor Arthur Rosenbaum, for all the help that he has given me throughout this process. Without his guidance this thesis would not have been possible. I am grateful for how understanding and supportive he was throughout this stressful year. -
USHMM Finding
http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection RG-50.862: EHRLICH COLLECTION - SUMMARY NOTES OF AUDIO FILES Introductory note by Anatol Steck, Project Director in the International Archival Programs Division of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: These summary transcription notes of the digitized interviews recorded by Leonard and Edith Ehrlich in the 1970s as part of their research for their manuscript about the Jewish community leadership in Vienna and Theresienstadt during the Holocaust titled "Choices under Duress" are a work in progress. The project started in April 2016 and is ongoing. The summary notes are being typed while listening to the recordings in real time; this requires simultaneous translation as many of the interviews are in German, often using Viennese vernacular and/or Yiddish terms (especially in the case of the lengthy interview with Benjamin Murmelstein which the Ehrlichs recorded with Mr. and Mrs. Murmelstein over several days in their apartment in Rome and which constitutes a major part of this collection). The summary notes are intended as a tool and a finding aid for the researcher; researchers are strongly encouraged to consult the digitized recordings for accuracy and authenticity and not to rely solely on the summary notes. As much as possible, persons mentioned by name in the interviews are identified and described in the text; however, as persons are often referred to in the interviews only by last name, their identification is sometimes based on the context in which their names appear within the interview (especially in cases where different persons share the same last name). -
„Das Gesundheitswesen Im Ghetto Theresienstadt“ 1941 – 1945
Diplomarbeit Titel der Diplomarbeit „Das Gesundheitswesen im Ghetto Theresienstadt“ 1941 – 1945 Verfasser Wolfgang Schellenbacher angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt A 312 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt Geschichte Betreuerin: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Brigitte Bailer 1 Index 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Aufbau der Arbeit ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Quellenlage und Forschungsstand............................................................................................ 6 1.2.1 Literatur zur Ghettoselbstverwaltung............................................................................................12 2. Geschichte Theresienstadts...............................................................................................14 2.1 Planungen zur Errichtung des Ghettos Theresienstadt.....................................................14 2.2 Exkurs: Die Festung Theresienstadt ......................................................................................16 2.3 Sammel- und Durchgangslager für Juden aus dem „Protektorat“ (November 1941 bis Juni 1942)............................................................................................................................................18 2.4 Altersghetto..................................................................................................................................21 -
Refugees and Relief: the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and European Jews in Cuba and Shanghai 1938-1943
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2015 Refugees And Relief: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee And European Jews In Cuba And Shanghai 1938-1943 Zhava Litvac Glaser Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/561 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] REFUGEES AND RELIEF: THE AMERICAN JEWISH JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE AND EUROPEAN JEWS IN CUBA AND SHANGHAI 1938-1943 by ZHAVA LITVAC GLASER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the reQuirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2015 ii © 2015 ZHAVA LITVAC GLASER All Rights Reserved iii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation reQuirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dagmar Herzog ________________________ _________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Prof. Helena Rosenblatt ________________________ _________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Prof. Jane S. Gerber Prof. Atina Grossmann Prof. Benjamin C. Hett Prof. Robert M. Seltzer Supervisory Committee The City University of -
Epoch of the Messiah by Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman
Epoch of the Messiah As Distributed By S. GOLDMAN - OTZAR HASEFARIM Inc. 33 Canal Street, New York, N.Y.1OOO2 Importers and Publishers of Hebrew Books Copyright 1985 by Rabbi E.S. Wasserman 851 North Kings Rd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90069 Rabbi Elchonon Bunim Wasserman, zt'l A Brief Biographical Sketch Reb Elchonon, zt'l, was born in 1874 in Birz, Lithuania. Circa 1889 his parents moved to Boisk, Latvia, at that time the Rabbinical Seat of Rabbi Cook, olov hasholom. From there he went to Telz where he studied under the illustrious gaonim, Rabbi Eliezer Gordon, zt'l and Rabbi Shimon Shkop, zt'l. In Telz, he was noted for his unusual diligence and profound mind. After many years of intensive study in Telz, he went to Volozin to become a disciple of the great Reb Chaim Brisker who was Rosh yeshivah of Volozin at that time. In 1898, he married the daughter of one of the leading sages of the day, Rabbi Meir Atlas, zt'l, who was then the Rabbi of Salant. Then came a period which impressed itself indelibly on the rest of his life. It began in 1906 when he went to Radin, the home of his master, the world-renowned Chofetz Chaim, zt'l where he studied until 1908 in the Kollel Kodshim. The Chofetz Chaim had founded this select institution for the future leaders of Israel. During the year 1908-1909, Rav Elchonon, together with the gaon Rabbi Yoel Baranchick zt'l started a yeshivah in Amsislav, Russia. In 1910, he accepted a call to become a rosh yeshivah in Brisk, the home of his teacher, Rabbi Chaim, zt'l. -
No More Kids at Feltham
PAGES!68 Out with the old and in “Maybe I’m not this guy, “The more I can do in with the new. Inside maybe I can be someone else Scotland the better, I love it the National Newspaper for Prisoners & Detainees Time goes to Number 10! instead of who I’m pretend- up there.” LJ Flanders ing to be.” Michael Maisey a voice for prisoners since Comment // pages 32-33 Comment // page 25 Scottish Focus // page 26 August 2019 / Issue No. 242 / www.insidetime.org / A ‘not for profit’ publication/ ISSN 1743-7342 SCOTTISH PRISONS INSPECTOR 20 // PPO INTERVIEW 30 // NPR SURVEY INSIDE An average of 60,000 copies distributed monthly Independently verified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations NO MORE KIDS AT FELTHAM YOI Children’s Unit issued with ● Violent incidents Urgent Notification Protocol up by 45% since Jan 2019; ● 40% of children 54 said they had felt unsafe; Cut, style, sliding to success! ● Self-harm Once a prisoner, Mark Maciver (above) a.k.a. SliderCuts is now a celebrity barber, Insta- ‘tripled’ since last gram star and author. He has been cutting hair for 15 years, building up SliderCuts in inspection. Hackney into one of London’s best known barber shops. His famous clientele include boxer Anthony Joshua, NBA star LeBron James and musicians Stormzy and Tinie Tempah. Inside Time report concerning,” Argar said: “As by around 150% since Janu- an immediate response, and ary. Use of force by staff had STOP PRESS! NEW PRISONS MINISTER LUCY FRAZER 14 in addition to work already risen to very high levels: 74% Following the recent inspec- under way, we have taken the of children reported they had tion of the Children’s Unit at decision to stop placing young been physically restrained at Feltham A, HM Chief Inspec- people there temporarily to Feltham A and there had been tor of Prisons, Peter Clarke, provide space for staff to over 700 incidents in the last MICHAEL PURDON SOLICITOR said there has been an, “Ex- make improvements.” six months.