Taxonomía Y Distribución De Arecaceae Del Flanco Oriental De La Cordillera Del Yanachaga En El Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Oxapampa- Paseo, 2012

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Taxonomía Y Distribución De Arecaceae Del Flanco Oriental De La Cordillera Del Yanachaga En El Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Oxapampa- Paseo, 2012 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN DE AREQUIPA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AGROPECUARIAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL Y ACADÉMICA DE BIOLOGÍA Taxonomía y Distribución de Arecaceae del Flanco Oriental de la Cordillera del Yanachaga en el Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, Oxapampa- Paseo, 2012 TESIS PRESENTADA POR LA BACHILLER EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS MARíA ISABEL VILLALBA VALDIVIA PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE BIÓLOGO. Arequipa- Perú 2015 zivestre Con el apoyo del Jardín Botánico de Missouri Dedicado a mis amados padres, Fernando & Ruth y a mis hermanos Raquel Fernando, Débora, Sara, Rut& Daniel iv AGRADECIMIENTOS No siempre es fácil desarrollar investigación básica en nuestro país, sin embargo existen instituciones que creen con convicción en sus resultados y la promueven con entusiasmo. Es así que el inicio, progreso y culminación de ésta tesis no hubiera sido posible sin el apoyo del Jardín Botánico de Missouri GBM), en las personas del Ing. Rodolfo Vásquez y la Biga. Rocío Rojas, quienes me dieron la posibilidad de desarrollar la fase de campo durante las expediciones del proyecto que el JBM dirige en alianza con la red TEAM (Tropical Ecology Assestment and Monitoring Network) al incluirme en el equipo de vegetación. Les agradezco a ambos por su buena voluntad, consejos y disposición para resolver dudas, proporcionarme bibliografía y por concederme el acceso a la biblioteca y colección botánica del Herbario Selva Central HOXA. De manera especial al Blgo. Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, investigador del Jardín Botánico de Missouri, por sus acertadas sugerencias sobre la metodología de campo y en la redacción de resultados, alcances sobre registros de posibles nuevas especies en el área de estudio y de material fotográfico de su autoría para la edición de figuras. A los asistentes de campo Gerry Shareva, Vidder Crispín, Espíritu Ballesteros, Jaime Flores y Eduardo Cruz por su apoyo oportuno en diferentes momentos de las expediciones botánicas al Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, a Don César Rojas y Roy Zhender por el transporte terrestre y fluvial hacia el área de estudio. Al Ms. Cs. Víctor Quipuscoa Silvestre, quien desde tempranos años en la carrera me inculcó el amor por la ciencia botánica y me proporcionó las herramientas básicas para explorar el mundo vegetal. Al Dr. Andrew J. Henderson, especialista en palmeras del New York Botanical Garden Herbarium, por haber estado presto a resolver mis dudas sobre la determinación de algunas especies de Arecaceae y por brindarme bibliografía actualizada al respecto. Al Dr. Rodrigo Bernal del instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia por sus alcances sobre el género Wettinia. Finalmente y con especial afecto a mi familia entera, por la confianza depositada en mí, en especial a mis padres Fernando y Ruth quienes lucharon siempre por acompañarme en mi superación y tuvieron palabras de ánimo en todo momento de mi crecimiento profesional. V TABLA DE CONTENIDO DEDICATORIA................................................................................................................................. iv AGRADECIMIENTOS ......................................................................................................................... v TABLA DE CONTENIDO ................................................................................................................... vi RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................................ ix l. INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................... 10 II. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................ 12 111. MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................................................................... 13 3.1. Los Andes Centrales ........................................................................................................... 13 3.2. La Selva Central peruana .................................................................................................... 13 3.3. La Familia Arecaceae .......................................................................................................... 14 3.3.1. Descripción Botánica ................................................................................................ 14 3.3 .2. Características morfológicas ....................................................................................... 15 3.3.3. Taxonomía ................................................................................................................ 23 3.3.4. Riqueza y Abundancia ... : ........................................................................................... 25 3.3.5. Distribución Geográfica ............................................................................................ 26 3.3.6. Distribución Espacial ................................................................................................ 27 3.3.7. Usos .......................................................................................................................... 27 IV. MATERIAL y MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................... 28 4.1. Material ............................................................................................................................. 28 4.2. Área de estudio ................................................................................................................... 28 4.2.1. Ubicación .................................................................................................................. 28 4.2.2. Descripción ............................................................................................................... 28 4.3. Métodos ............................................................................................................................. 32 4.3.1. Determinación, elaboración de claves taxonómicas y descripción de taxa ................... 32 4.3.2. Elaboración de mapas de Distribución Geográflca ..................................................... 35 4.3.3. Distribución Altitudinal ............................................................................................ 35 4.3.4. Evaluación de la composición Arecaceae .................................................................... 36 4.3.5. Distribución espacial de Arecaceae ............................................................................ 37 V. RESULTADOS ........•..............................................•................•..................•.....•........................... 41 5.1. Ubicación Taxonómica ...................................................................................................... 43 5.2. Claves Taxonómicas ...........................................................................................................44 5.3. Descripción de taxa y Distribución Geográflca .................................................................. .48 ARECACEAE BERCHT. & J. PRESL ....................................................................................... 49 Subfamilia Ceroxyloideae Drude .................................................................................. 49 vi Tribu Phytelepheae Horan...................................................................................... 49 Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav ................................................................................ 49 l. Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav ................................................. .49 Sub familia Arecoideae Burnett .................................................................. , ................... 50 Tribu Iriarteeae Drude .................................. , ......................................................... 50 lriartella H. Wendl ...................................................................................... 50 2. lriartella stenocarpa Burret................................................................ 51 Dictyocaryum H. Wendl. .......... , .................................................................. 54 3. Dictyocaryum lamarckianum (Mart.) H. Wendl.. .............................. 55 lriartea Ruiz & Pav ..................................................................... , ............... 56 4. lriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav ............................................................ 57 Socratea H. Karst ......................................................................................... 61 5. Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl... ............................................. 62 6. Socratea salazarii H.E. Moore .......................................................... 63 Wettinia Poepp ............................................................................................ 66 7. Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl. ..................................................... 67 8. Wettinia longipetala A. H. Gentry ..................................................... 68 9. Wettinia maynensis Spruce................................................................ 70 Tribu Chamaedoreeae Drude .................................................................................. 73 Chamaedorea Willd ..................................................................................... 73 10. Chamaedorea linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart.....................................
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