SOUTH SUDAN – CRISIS FACT SHEET #40, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2014 MAY 2, 2014

NUMBERS AT USAID/OFDA 1 F U N D I N G HIGHLIGHTS BY SECTOR IN FY 2014 A GLANCE  High-level U.S. Government (USG) and 1% U.N. personnel condemn violence; warn of 4% 923,000 5% famine in . 5%  Insecurity continues to impede Total Number of Individuals 30% humanitarian response efforts. Displaced in South Sudan 9% since December 15  Tensions remain high in Bentiu town, Unity

U.N. Office for the Coordination of State, and Bor town, Jonglei State, Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) – April 10% following mid-April violence. 28, 2014

13% 23% HUMANITARIAN FUNDING 78,300 TO SOUTH SUDAN TO DATE IN FY 2014

Total Number of Individuals USAID/OFDA $60,775,086 Logistics & Relief Supplies (30%) Seeking Refuge at U.N. Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene (23%) USAID/FFP2 $35,000,000 Mission in the Republic of Agriculture & Food Security (13%) 3 South Sudan (UNMISS) Humanitarian Coordination & Information Management (10%) State/PRM $47,300,000 Compounds Health (9%) Economic Recovery and Market Systems (5%) OCHA – April 28, 2014 $143,075,086 Protection (5%) TOTAL USAID AND STATE Nutrition (4%) HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Shelter & Settlements (1%) 844, 700 TO SOUTH SUDAN

Total Number of Individuals Displaced in Other Areas of KEY DEVELOPMENTS South Sudan  U.S. Secretary of State John F. Kerry traveled to South Sudan on May 2 to meet with OCHA – April 28, 2014 President Salva Kiir to encourage implementation of the January 23 ceasefire agreement and urge the deployment of an additional 2,500 African peacekeeping troops to South Sudan. 300,800* Secretary Kerry condemned the violence—particularly targeted killings based on ethnicity— and drew attention to the growing risk of increased ethnic tension and famine in the country. Refugees from South Sudan in Neighboring Countries since  U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay and U.N. Special Adviser for the December 15 Prevention of Genocide Adama Dieng traveled to South Sudan to meet with senior *Including an unconfirmed number Government of the Republic of South Sudan (RSS) officials during the week of April 28. of refugees, returnees, and nomads High Commissioner Pillay criticized President Kiir and former Vice President Riek Machar who have fled to Sudan for their apparent lack of concern regarding the threat of famine. Office of the U.N. High Commissioner  Tensions remain high in Bor, Duk, and Twic East counties, Jonglei; Rubkona County, Unity; for Refugees (UNHCR) – April 2014 and Renk County, , according to the U.N. In addition, fighting erupted between Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) elements in Wau town, Western Bahr el Ghazal 237,700 State, on April 26, prompting more than 800 people to flee to the UNMISS base in Wau.  Refugees from Neighboring Relief organizations continue to respond to the needs of more than 22,500 people sheltering Countries in South Sudan at the UNMISS base in Bentiu. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) fled to the base UNHCR – April 30, 2014 following mid-April violence, which targeted civilians based on ethnicity and nationality.

1 USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) 2 USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) 3 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM)

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INSECURITY, DISPLACEMENT, AND ACCESS CONSTRAINTS  The current conflict in South Sudan, particularly in Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile, has displaced more than 1.2 million people—including 923,000 IDPs and 300,800 people who are seeking refuge in neighboring countries—since December 15.  On April 23, clashes erupted in Renk County, Upper Nile, resulting in additional population displacement. Reports suggest approximately 30,000 to 40,000 people are fleeing conflict-affected areas in Renk toward , Upper Nile, according to the U.N.  Hostilities between SPLA elements in Wau on April 26 forced at least 800 people to seek shelter at the civilian protection area at the UNMISS compound, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM).  Tensions are high in Duk and Twic East counties, where fighting in late April prompted civilians to flee across the White Nile River toward Mingkaman town, Awerial County, Lakes State. Tensions also remain high in Bor and Bentiu, where mid-April violence resulted in civilian casualties.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ASSESSMENTS AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES  The South Sudan IPC analysis workshop—comprising participants from the RSS, USAID’s Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the U.N. World Food Program (WFP), and other partner organizations—began in Yei County, Central Equatoria State, on April 24 to evaluate food security conditions in South Sudan.4 The analysis, which partners will likely release in mid-May, will integrate data from emergency food security assessments conducted by FAO, WFP, and several non-governmental organizations (NGOs).  As of April 28, the U.N. Rapid Response Mechanism—led by the U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF), FAO, and WFP— had provided humanitarian assistance, including more than 90 metric tons (MT) of relief commodities, in nine remote locations. In Jonglei, rapid response teams screened 1,540 children for malnutrition in Pochalla town and more than 570 children and pregnant and lactating women in Lankien town during the week of April 21. Relief actors provided children in both locations with health care services, including measles vaccinations and deworming tablets.

CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT  The Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster—the coordinating body for humanitarian camp coordination and management activities, comprising U.N. agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders—continues efforts to improve and expand existing civilian protection areas at UNMISS bases across the country. Despite progress, ongoing fighting and resultant insecurity, as well as funding constraints and logistical challenges, are hindering construction progress.

AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY, AND NUTRITION  U.N. Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC) Toby Lanzer released a statement on April 29 calling on parties to the conflict to “observe one month of tranquility” during May to enable civilians to move freely within the country and plant crops before the April-to-May planting season ends. RC/HC Lanzer noted that civilians need to plant and cultivate to ensure a harvest at the end of 2014.  Food Security and Livelihoods Cluster partners continue to provide food commodities to vulnerable populations across South Sudan to stem growing food insecurity. As of April 24, USAID/FFP partner WFP and implementing partners had provided approximately 1.2 million people—including IDPs, other conflict-affected people, refugees within South Sudan, and displaced people not directly affected by the current crisis—with food assistance.  To increase food security in Eastern Equatoria State’s Torit County, where some families are hosting people displaced by the conflict, relief agencies provided crop kits—including cowpea, maize, and sorghum—to nearly 10,300 families, vegetable kits to approximately 9,300 families, and fishing kits to more than 2,000 families, according to the U.N.

4 The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) is a standardized tool that aims to classify the severity and magnitude of food insecurity. The IPC scale, which is comparable across countries, ranges from Minimal—IPC I—to Famine—IPC 5.

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 Meanwhile, WFP continues to facilitate food commodity airdrops in conflict-affected areas of Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile. WFP mobile distribution teams, which quickly register populations in target areas and retrieve and distribute airdropped food commodities, are currently operating in Lankien, Moto, Pibor, and Pochalla towns, Jonglei; Ganyel town, Unity; and Ulang town, Upper Nile.  UNICEF provided 385 cartons of Plumpy’Nut—a specialized nutrition product—to the international NGO CARE for distribution at the Bentiu UNMISS compound, where approximately 22,500 IDPs are currently sheltering. In late April, UNICEF and partners in Bentiu screened 405 children under five years of age for malnutrition, finding 6.2 percent severe acute malnutrition and 60 percent moderate acute malnutrition. Between April 22 and 28, nutrition actors screened nearly 3,900 children for malnutrition across South Sudan using the mid-upper arm circumference assessment technique.

HEALTH AND WASH  As congestion at the UNMISS civilian protection areas continues to contribute to poor health and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions, relief actors are urgently working to deliver critical assistance to IDPs. UNICEF and partners recently constructed a borehole for the IDPs sheltering at the UNMISS civilian protection site in Bentiu, increasing IDP access to safe drinking water from 2 liters per person per day to 6.5 liters per person per day. In addition, WASH partners constructed several new latrines in the protection area, improving the people-to-latrine ratio from one-to-317 to one-to-129, according to UNICEF.  In Bor, NGO International Aid Services continues to supply safe drinking water to approximately 5,000 IDPs sheltering in the UNMISS civilian protection area. Relief agencies are also providing WASH commodities, such as soap; conducting hygiene promotion activities; and managing solid and liquid waste.  As of May 1, relief organizations had provided health care assistance to more than 1 million people across South Sudan, according to the Health Cluster. Immunization campaigns are ongoing, with more than 248,000 children vaccinated against measles, 159,700 children vaccinated against polio, and more than 74,000 people vaccinated against cholera since December 2013.  Insecurity continues to impact health conditions countrywide, with displacement and resultant congestion at IDPs sites increasing public health risks. According to the Health Cluster, acute respiratory infection, acute watery diarrhea, and malaria remain the three most commonly reported health concerns in South Sudan’s IDP sites.

LOGISTICS AND RELIEF COMMODITIES  The Logistics Cluster continues to facilitate the delivery and distribution of relief commodities to conflict-affected populations across the country. In the coming days, the Logistics Cluster plans to deploy additional mobile storage units to Bor and to increase storage capacity.  The Logistics Cluster reports that armed elements continue to hinder the transportation of relief commodities via road, with one NGO recently having to stop at nearly 30 checkpoints while traveling between Rumbek town, Lakes, and Juba. In addition, fighting has delayed the transportation of food commodities to refugees in Upper Nile’s , preventing WFP from conducting critical food distribution activities. As a result, WFP and implementing partners distributed reduced food commodity rations during March and April. According to UNHCR, refugees are resorting to negative coping mechanisms, such as selling non-food relief items. Malnutrition levels among refugee children in the Maban camps are nearing the U.N. World Health Organization (WHO) emergency threshold level of 15 percent.

PROTECTION  As of April 29, relief organizations had reached nearly 25,900 children with child protection services, according to UNICEF. Child protection actors continue to provide psychosocial support to approximately 6,900 children at 16 child-friendly spaces in Bor; Juba; Mingkaman; Melut; and Nyal town, Unity.  As of April 28, relief actors had reunified nearly 270 children—of the approximately 3,500 children identified as unaccompanied, separated, or missing since December 15—with parents or family members, UNICEF reports.

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 To investigate recent violence targeting civilians, U.N. High Commissioner Pillay and U.N. Special Adviser Dieng traveled to South Sudan on April 28. The high-level U.N. delegation met with senior government officials, including President Salva Kiir, and plan to investigate recent killings targeting civilians in Bentiu on behalf of U.N. Secretary- General Ban Ki-Moon.

OTHER HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE  To date, international donors have provided approximately $497 million—more than 39 percent of the $1.27 billion total requested funding—to support humanitarian activities through the South Sudan Crisis Response Plan. Of the $773 million shortfall in funding, humanitarian partners have reported that a minimum of $232 million is necessary to maintain current service levels and prevent a severe deterioration of humanitarian conditions in the next three months, according to the U.N.

2014 TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING * PER DONOR

$143,082,383

$82,645,489 $78,072,430

$30,247,970 $25,072,084 $23,658,911 $17,071,368 $16,782,095 $16,600,000 $6,538,842

USG U.K. ECHO CERF Canada Denmark Norway Sweden Japan Finland

*Funding figures are as of May 2, 2014. All international figures are according to OCHA’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS) and based on international commitments during the 2013 and 2014 calendar years. USG figures are according to the USG and reflect the most recent USG commitments based on the 2013 fiscal year, which began on October 1, 2012, and ended September 30, 2013, as well as the 2014 fiscal year, which began on October 1, 2013.

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CONTEXT  The January 2005 signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the southern-based Sudan People’s Liberation Movement officially ended more than two decades of north–south conflict during which famine, fighting, and disease killed an estimated 2 million people and displaced at least 4.5 million others within Sudan.  The RSS declared independence on July 9, 2011, after a January 9, 2011, referendum on self-determination stipulated in the CPA. Upon independence, USAID designated a new mission in Juba, the capital city of South Sudan.  Insecurity, landmines, and limited transportation and communication infrastructure restrict humanitarian activities across South Sudan, hindering the delivery of critical assistance to populations in need, particularly in Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile states.  On October 24, 2013, U.S. Ambassador Susan D. Page re-declared a disaster in South Sudan due to the ongoing complex emergency caused by population displacement, returnee inflows from Sudan, continued armed conflict, and perennial environmental shocks—including flooding—that compound humanitarian needs.  Jonglei State—the largest state in South Sudan—has an extensive history of inter-communal fighting that predates South Sudan’s independence. Since January 2011, more than half of conflict-related deaths and displacements in South Sudan have occurred in Jonglei, according to relief agencies. Clashes among the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and non-state actors, as well as inter-ethnic conflict, continues to displace and otherwise adversely affect civilian populations across the state.  On December 15, clashes erupted in the capital city, Juba, between factions within the RSS. Due to the unrest, the U.S. Embassy in Juba ordered the departure of non-emergency USG personnel from South Sudan. On December 20, USAID activated a Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) to lead the USG response to the developing crisis in South Sudan. USAID also stood up a Washington, D.C.-based Response Management Team (RMT) to support the DART.

USAID AND STATE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH SUDAN PROVIDED IN FY 20141 IMPLEMENTING PARTNER ACTIVITY LOCATION AMOUNT

USAID/OFDA2 Eastern Equatoria, American Refugee Committee (ARC) Protection Northern Bahr el Ghazal, $1,458,595 Warrap Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Logistics Support and Relief Commodities, WASH Jonglei, Lakes $2,618,893

FAO Agriculture and Food Security Countrywide $6,000,000

Humanitarian Coordination and Information Fleet Forum Countrywide $72,311 Management

IOM Rapid Response Fund Countrywide $11,000,000 Central Equatoria, Upper IOM Logistics Support and Relief Commodities $1,637,966 Nile Abyei Area, Lakes, Upper Mentor Health $2,979,450 Nile, Warrap

Agriculture and Food Security, Economic Mercy Corps Abyei Area, Unity $3,936,987 Recovery and Market Systems

Humanitarian Coordination and Information OCHA Countrywide $2,500,000 Management

UNICEF Nutrition, Protection, WASH Countrywide $9,000,000 USAID/OFDA Commodity Airlifts Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $800,605 WHO Health Countrywide $2,000,000 WFP U.N. Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) Countrywide $4,200,000 WFP Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $8,800,000

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Agriculture and Food Security, Humanitarian World Vision Coordination and Information Management, Upper Nile $3,101,949 Logistics Support and Relief Commodities, WASH Program Support $668,330

TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE $60,775,086

USAID/FFP3 WFP 13,500 MT of Food Assistance Countrywide $35,000,000 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE $35,000,000

STATE/PRM International Committee of the Red Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Countrywide $7,500,000 Cross (ICRC) Countrywide and UNHCR Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection $15,000,000 Neighboring Countries UNHCR Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Countrywide $24,800,000

TOTAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE $47,300,000

TOTAL USAID AND STATE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH SUDAN IN FY 2014 $143,075,086

1 Year of funding indicates the date of commitment or obligation, not appropriation, of funds. 2 USAID/OFDA funding represents anticipated or actual obligated amounts as of May 2, 2014. 3 Estimated value of food assistance.

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PUBLIC DONATION INFORMATION  The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash contributions to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for response efforts around the world can be found at www.interaction.org.  USAID encourages cash donations because they allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as transportation routes, staff time, and warehouse space); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; and ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance.  More information can be found at: • The Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or +1.202.821.1999. • Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.int.

USAID/OFDA bulletins appear on the USAID website at http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/working-crises-and-conflict/responding-times-crisis/where-we-work

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