Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00577-8 — the British Army and the First World War Ian Beckett , Timothy Bowman , Mark Connelly Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00577-8 — The British Army and the First World War Ian Beckett , Timothy Bowman , Mark Connelly Index More Information

Index

Abadie, H. R., 20 Asquith, Violet, 90 Adams, E. S. R., 239–40 Attrition, 179, 187, 195–200, 224, 250, aerial observation, 212–13, 214, 243, 267, 259, 261, 307, 323, 330, 334, 284–5, 299, 305–6, 314, 402, 420 328–9, 374 Augagneur, Victor, 195 Africa, 43–4, 389–6, 416–17 Australia airpower, 305–6, 329–30, 343, 363, British Army soldiers from, 42–3 367–8 on Western Front, 362, 378–9 Aitken, A. E., 395 wartime executions and, 156 Aldershot Command, 210 Australia and New Zealand Army Corps Allen, Mary, 143–4 (ANZAC), 167–8, 280, 294–5, Allenby, Lieutenant-General Sir Edmund 317, 319, 336, 362–4, 367, 369, (later Field Marshal), 213–14, 378–9, 404–6 223, 312–13, 316, 317–18, 320, 406–9 Bacon, C. H., 26–7 Amery, Leo, 205 Baden, Prince Max of, 370, 375–8 ammunition, on Western Front Baden-Powell, Robert, 81 for BEF, 242 Baker-Carr, C. D., 79 in 1914, production increases for, 231–3 Balfour, Arthur, 186 in 1915, shortages of, 242, 266–7 Barker, Robert, 164 ammunition supply, 237, 240–6, 252, 266, barracks, during pre-war period, 35–6 277, 287, 295, 310, 361, 363–4, Barton, George, 69 368–9, 373–4 ‘battle of the memoirs,’ 48, 181–2 shells scandal (1915), 258 battles Andrew, William Lintorn, 140 Aisne, Battle of, 220–1 Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 173 Amiens, Battle of, 360–3 anti-war demonstrations, in Great Armentières, Battle of, 228–9 Britain, 88 Arras, Battle of, 311–21 ANZAC. See Australia and New Zealand Aubers Ridge, battle at, 242–3, 257–8, Army Corps 259–61 Archibald, S. C. M., 20 Battles of Artois, 419 Armistice Days, 168–9 Battle of Cambrai, 338–43 Army Suspension of Sentences Act battle of Cambrai, 338–43 (England), 151 Bazentin Ridge, battle at, 291–4 Arnold-Forster, H. O., 8–9, 12–13, 32 public response to, 293–4 artillery, 223, 234–6, 246, 249, 257, 258, Cambrai, Battle of, 338–43, 345–6, 347 259, 262–3, 271, 285–8, 294, 298, Beaurevoir Line, 342 306, 310–11, 314, 316–17, 323–4, Festubert, Battle of, 258–60 335, 338–9, 340, 365–6, 368–9, Givenchy, Battle of, 259–60 382, 384 Hamel, Battle of, 361–2 Asquith, Herbert, 45–6, 114–15, 170, 186, La Bassée, 238 273–4, 294, 306 Landrecies, Battle of, 216–17

462

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00577-8 — The British Army and the First World War Ian Beckett , Timothy Bowman , Mark Connelly Index More Information

Index 463

Le Cateau, Battle of, 217–18 Blacker, S. W., 69 Le Quesnoy, 374–5 Bonar Law, Andrew, 116–17, 185–6 Loos, Battle of, 242, 262–4, 265, 266–73 Bottomley, Horatio, 155–6 Marne, Battle of, 219–21 Boyle, Nina, 143–4 Meggido campaign, 408–9 Boys-Stones, G. L., 45 Messines Ridge, Battle of, 322–8 Bradford, Roland Boys, 51, 383 Mons, Battle of, 211, 213–16 Braithwaite, Major-General Sir Walter, Neuve Chapelle, Battle of, 228–9, 367 242–52, 255–7, 264–5 Bridges, Major Thomas, 218 Selle River, 371–3 Britain Somme, Battle of, 282–3, 286–7, 292–4, military strategy in, 237, 306, 307, 295, 296–306 334–5, 345–9 Somme campaign, 197, 277–8, 287, military strength 297–300, 419 in 1915, 237–8 Third Ypres offensive, 198–200 in 1916, 279 Ypres in 1917, 339–40 First Battle, 150, 213, 221–228, in 1918, 345, 349–51 231–232, 234–235, 273 British Empire. See also Australia; Canada; Second Battle, 252–255, 312 India; New Zealand Third Battle (‘Passchendaele’), 151, colonial armies during Edwardian 182, 198–200, 321–338, 340, era, 42–4 345, 347, 351, 353, 362 economic decline of, 172–3 Assault on Passchendaele, 335–336 Muslims within, 203–4 Evacuation of Passchendaele salient, British Union of Fascists (BUF), 166 1918, 360 Brocklehurst, J. H., 42 Beaurevoir Line, 342 Brodrick, John, 32, 90, 173 Beauvoir de Lisle, Major General Sir Henry Brown, J. S., 83 De, 233–4 Browning, Francis, 132 BEF. See British Expeditionary Force Bruce-Williams, H., 51 Belgian forces, 214–16, 227–8 Brunshill, G. S., 24 Belgian option, 177–8 Bryant, F. C., 390 Belgian soldiers Budworth, Major-General C. E. D., 266, British soldiers’ exposure to, 143 285–6 wartime executions of, 156 BUF. See British Union of Fascists German invasion of, 171 Bulﬁn, Brigadier-General Edward, 223–4, soldiers from 227, 272 British soldiers’ exposure to, 143 Bulgaria, seeks armistice, 409 wartime executions of, 156 Burnell-Nugent, Frank, 51 Bell, E. N. F., 71 Butler, Brigadier-General Richard, 347, Bennett, Winifred, 192–3 354 Bethell, Hugh Keppel, 383 Byng, Lieutenant-General Sir Julian, 31, Bickerstaffe-Drew, F. D. B., 37 311–13, 314–16, 320, 338–40, Bigland, Alfred, 97–8 353, 357, 360, 364–5, 405 billeting, soldiers and, 142–3 Billyard-Leake, C. R., 58 Calais Conference, 308 Birch, J. F. N., 312–13 Callwell, Charles, 49, 183 Birch, Major-General Sir Noel, 266, 286, Cameroons, 390–2 312–13 Campbell, David, 62 Birdwood, General Sir William, 375 Canada Birrell, Augustine, 411–13 British Army soldiers from, 42–3 ‘bite and hold’ operations, 187, 250, 251, on Western Front, 311–13, 363–4, 313, 334–5 378–9 black soldiers military veterans in, 167 under military conscription, 123–4 Soldier Settlement Act in, 167 in ‘ofﬁcer corps,’ near-exclusion of, 80 wartime executions and, 156

464 Index

Canadian Expeditionary Force, 312 Clemenceau, Georges, 278, 358, 359 1 Division, 254–5, 261–2 clergy. See chaplains and clergy Canadian Corps, 280, 311–12, 314–16, Clive, Sidney, 347 336, 363–4, 370, 373, 379 coalition politics, military strategy Capper, D. S., 17–18 influenced by, 194 Capper, Major-General Sir Thompson, Cobbold, W. N., 58 221, 222, 227, 247, 270 Colonial Conference, 173 Carden, Sackville, 400 Colyer, W. T., 64 Cardwell-Childers regimental combat engineering, 385 system, 34–5 command and control Carrington, Charles, 71, 137 commissions, for officers, 21–2 Carson, Sir Edward, 45–6, 72, 108–10 expansion of, 27 Carter, C. H. P., 392 for medical officers, 74–5 casualties, 254–5, 259, 260, 267–9, 272, post-commissioning opportunities, 287–8, 291–2, 299–300, 314–16, 27–30 318, 327–8, 336, 337–8, 343, Committee of Imperial Defence (CID), 355, 379 175, 182 on Eastern Front, 136 communications, 285–6, 301–2, 382, in officer corps, 47 384–5 press reports on, 141–2 Comrades of the Great War (CGW), 164–5 cavalry, 381, 385–6, 387 Conan Doyle, Arthur, 130 Cavan, Lieutenant-General Lord, 299, Congreve, William, 288 330–1 Connolly, James, 411 Cecil, Robert, 116–17 Connolly, W. E. G., 83–4 CGW. See Comrades of the Great War conscientious objectors, 125–6 Chamberlain, Austen, 116–17, 203 conscription, military, 113–21 Chamberlain, Joseph, 173 age as factor for, 128–9 Chamberlain, Neville, 117 Army Council and, 117–18 chaplains and clergy. See also morale civilians and, 141–2 during Edwardian era, 37 classifications for, 121 military recruitment influenced under Derby Scheme, 114–15 by, 100 exemptions from, 120–1, 124–8 as officers, 75–6 for conscientious objectors, 125–6 Charteris, Brigadier-General John, 309, for grounds of conscience, 126 335, 346–7 by occupation, 126–8 Chaulnes-Roye line, 363 through tribunals, 124–8 chemical warfare under Volunteer Acts, 130–1 French’s interest in, 264 extension to Ireland, 120 Haig’s interest in, 264 institutional implications of, 142 on Western Front, 252–3 Lloyd George’s support of, 113–14, by Germany, 254–5 116–17 Christmas Truce of 1914, 137 under Military Service (Conventions with Church Lads’ Brigade, 99 Allied States) Act, 118, 122, Churchill, Winston, 177 123–4 CID. See Committee of Imperial Defence under Military Service (Review of civil-military relations Exceptions) Act in, 118 1915, 274 under Military Service Acts, 93, 1916, 279, 294–5 115–16, 119 1917, 308, 322, 333–4, 337–8, 339–40, Ministry of Munitions and, 116–17 345–6 under National Registration Act, 114 1918, 349–51, 357–8 under Naval, Military and Air Force Clarke, George, 175–6 Service Act, 120 Clarke, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir rejection from Travers, 347 for black soldiers, 123–4 ‘class corps,’ 63 for Russian Jews, 121–2

Index 465

of Russian Jews Du Cane, Lieutenant-General Sir John, acceptance of, 122–3 187, 244–6, 251–2, 262–3 under Military Service Act (No 2), 122 Dubois, General Pierre, 226 rejection of, 121–2 Duff Cooper, Alfred, 74 social implications of, 142 ‘dugout’ ofﬁcers, 67–8, 280 for women, 132–4 Duke, H. E., 120 as nurses, 132–3 d’Urbal, General Victor, 223–4, 255 WAAC, 133 Contagious Diseases Acts, 144 Eastern Front, Western Front and, casualty Cornwall Pioneers, 102–3 rate comparisons, 136 Couchman, G. H. H., 71–2 Ebert, Frederich, 378 County Territorial Associations (CTAs), Eden, Anthony, 69–70, 80–1 90, 129 Edmonds, Brigadier-General Sir James E., courts martial 29–30, 207, 211–12 during Edwardian era, 38–9 Edwardian era, British Army during for ofﬁcer corps, 82 alcohol abuse problems, 36–7 Cox, Brigadier-General Edgar, 347, 354, 360 auxiliary forces, 16–17 Creagh, O’Moore, 130 barracking for, 35–6 Crosbie, J. D., 51 BEF formation, 7–8, 209 Crozier, Brigadier-General F. P., 68 court martial cases, rates of, 38–9 Cunliffe, Frederick, 392–3 in Ireland, 45–6 Curragh Incident, 213 morale-building activities, 37–8 Currie, Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur, 336 OTC formation, 8 population demographics for, 35 Dardanelles campaign, 183–5. See also priorities of, 7 Gallipoli campaign reforms for, 7–10 Russia and, 194–5 religious support in, through Davidson, Brigadier-General John, 329, 347 chaplains, 37 Davies, Major-General F. J., 243 throughout British Empire colonies, 42–4 Dawnay, Major-General Guy, 347 training problems, 40–2 Dawson, Margaret Damer, 143–4 Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), 406 de Lisle, Colonel later Lieutenant-General Elkington, Lieutenant-Colonel J. F., 218 Henry Beauvoir, 30, 233–4 Elles, Brigadier-General Hugh, 322–3, Debeny, General Marie-Eugène, 363 339, 361 Defence of the Realm Act (DORA), 144, Ewart, John Spencer, 176 413–14 executions Derby, Lord, 346, 347 of Australian soldiers, 156 Derby Dodgers, 62 in Belgian Army, 156 Derby Scheme, 73–4 for British soldiers, 156–8 conscription under, 114–15 bias in, 157 Diaz, Armando, 193 of Canadian soldiers, 156 Dill, Later Field Marshal Brigadier-General in German Army, 156 John, 347 in Italian Army, 157 disability pensions, 162 of New Zealand soldiers, 156 disabled veterans, post-war treatment of, 163–4 Fabeck, General Max von, 226 volunteer organisations for, 164 Falkenhausen, Colonel-General Alexander Discharged Settlement Act (New Zealand), von, 311, 322 167–8 Falkenhayn, General Erich von, 224, Dobell, C. M., 391 252, 301 DORA. See Defence of the Realm Act Fayolle, General Marie-Émile, 287 Douglas, Charles, 183 Ferdinand, Franz (Archduke), 171 Doullens conference, 358 Fergusson, Major-General Sir Charles, Dowling, Geoffrey, 70 214, 228, 312 Downing, H. J., 83 Field Service Regulations, 210, 251, 382 Drury, N. E., 67 Fisher, Admiral John, 176, 183–4

466 Index

Fitzclarence, Brigadier-General Charles, 227 Cavalry Corps, 217–18 Foch, General Ferdinand, 190, 191, 223, First, 214 224, 253–4, 308, 361–2, 363, 370 Sixth, 311 Forestier-Walker, Brig-Gen George, 211 German East Africa, British Army in, 393–6 Fortescue, Hugh, 102–3 Germany, 371–2, 379. See also Western Front Foulkes, Major C., 254 Belgium invaded by, 171 France. See also Western Front British military strategies to deter future Anglo-French strategy and, 261–3 aggression of, 201–3 BEF in, on Western Front, 210–22, 237–9 chemical warfare used by, 254–5 diplomatic agreements with, 175–6 defence of the Cameroons, 390–2 Franchet d’Espérey, General Félix, 219–20 France invaded by, 171 French, Field Marshal Sir John, 41–2, 45–6, Neuve Chapelle, battle at, 228–9, 48–9, 63–4, 83, 175–6, 179, 186, 242–52, 255–7, 264–5 192, 211–14, 216–17, 218–20, peace negotiations by, 204–5 222–3, 224, 237–8, 242–3, 253, Prussian militarism, 201–2 259, 262, 265, 271–2, 273–4, 276, Somme campaign and, 197, 277–8, 308. See also British Expeditionary 283–4, 287, 297–300 Force; military strategy, of British Treaty of Brest Litovsk and, 123, 206 Army Tsingtao naval base, 396–7 on Belgian option, 177–8 Verdun offensive and, 277–8 fued with Kitchener, 210, 219 wartime executions and, 156 interest in chemical warfare, 264 Ginsberg, Asher, 123 Zeebrugge scheme and, 185 Godley, Lieutenant-General Sir French Army, 157, 176–7, 200, 253, 276, Alexander, 373 301, 318, 323, 420 Gorman, W. L., 71 First, 329–35, 363–4, 370–2 Gosﬁeld, George, 165 Fifth, 192, 213, 216–17, 220 Gough, Brig-Gen John, 211 Sixth, 219–20, 288, 296 Gough, Lieutenant-General Sir Hubert, 29, Tenth Army, 238–239, 255 30, 45–6, 50–1, 257, 258, 263, IX Corps, 224, 226 270, 273, 284, 290–1, 299–300, Cavalry Corps, 223 302, 311, 313, 317, 318, 322–3, French soldiers 328–30, 331–4, 336, 351–9 British soldiers’ exposure to, 143 Graves, Robert, 135 crisis of morale for, 152–4 grenades/riﬂe grenades, 239, 310, 348–9 Friend, Lovick, 413 Grey, Edward, 90, 170 front generation. See war generation Grierson, Lieutenant-General Sir James, Furlong, E. J., 78 40, 174–5, 210 Grigg, Edward, 82 Galliéni, General Joseph, 219 Groener, Wilhelm, 375–8 Gallipoli campaign, 123, 237, 389, 400, Grover, J. M. L., 61 405–6, 416 EEF, 406 Hague Conventions, POWs under, 160 Gardner, Nikolas, 212 Haig, Lieutenant-General Sir Douglas (later Garnier, E. S., 58 Field Marshal), 49–50, 165, 178, gas, 252–5, 264, 266, 270–1, 384 182, 210, 214, 216–18, 220–1, Geddes, Auckland, 126 223–8, 235–6, 242–50, 255, Geddes, Sir Eric, 310–11, 421 259–60, 262–5, 267, 271, 272–3, ‘Gentleman Cadet,’ 24 275–6, 279–80, 284, 285, 290–1, George, Dick, 108 293, 294–5, 296, 299, 302–3, George, Gwilym, 108 307–9, 312–13, 316–23, 325, German Army, 254–5, 270–1, 276, 283–4, 328–30, 331–8, 343–4, 345–50, 290–2, 298–9, 301–2, 308–9, 357–9, 362, 363, 371–2, 385 313–14, 323–4, 328–9, 330, 334–5, Haking, Major-General Richard, 50, 89, 337, 339, 340–3, 354, 355–64, 261–2, 273 368–72, 373–4 Haldane, Lieutenant-General Aylmer, 312

Index 467

Haldane, Richard Burdon, 209 Howell, James, 165 army reforms under, 7–10, 415 Hughes, Sir Sam, 312 financial reasons for, 8 Huguet, Victor, 175–6 newspaper critiques of, 9–10 Hull, 105–6 opposition to, 10–11 Hulse, Adrian, 69 auxiliary forces under, 16–17 Humphreys, G., 266–7 BEF formed under, 7–8, 209 Humphries, E. S., 33–4 military strategy under, 174 Hunter-Weston, Major-General Sir NSL and, 10–11, 86, 99 Aylmer, 287 OTC, 17–18 Hussey, A. H., 266 formation of, 8 Special Reserve formed under, 13–14 Imperial Service Obligation (ISO), 12 Swiss Army system and, 86–7 imperialism, 87 TF, 9, 11 Indian Army ‘class corps’ within, 63 British Army soldiers from, 6 as defence against German reinforcement strategies for, invasion, 94–5 173–4 expansion in Europe, 94–5 47th Sikhs, 229 infantry units in, during pre-war Indian Cavalry, 230 period, 139–40 Indian Corps, 246–7 in Liverpool, 59 Meerut Division, 258–9 mounted troops in, 16 20th and 21st Company Sappers and physical fitness issues, 92 Miners, 229 during South African War, 12 2 Indian Cavalry Division, 293 training for, 14–15 Infantry Training, 1914, 267–9 volunteer acceptance rates for, 91–2 intelligence gathering and interpretation, weaponry issues for, 15–16 213, 309, 339, 343, 349, 354–5, Yeomanry and, 11 359, 362, 372 Hamilton, Hubert, 227 INV. See Irish National Volunteers Hamilton, Ian, 27, 30, 402–3, 405–6 Ireland Hankey, Maurice, 183–5, 346 British Army soldiers from Harper, Col. G. M., 211 during Edwardian era, 45–6 Harrington, Major-General C. H., 322 officer corps, 62–3 Harris, Charles, 90 military conscription crisis in, 120 Harris, Percy, 130 military recruitment in, 108–12 Hartley, D. L., 83 economic factors for, 110 Hay, E. O., 37 under Home Rule, 109–10 Hayter, W. L. B., 58 political influences on, 108–9 Headlam, Cuthbert, 52–3, 82 religious influences on, 108–9 Herbert, E., 37 military veterans in, 166–7 Herbert, Ivor, 114 ‘Pals’ battalions from, 111 Hermann Position I, 371 Ulster Volunteer Force in, 45–6, 72, Hewitt, H. M., 70–1 108–10 Hickie, Major-General W. B., 83 Irish National Volunteers (INV), 72, Hindenburg, General Paul von, 301 109–10 Hindenburg Line, 365–70 ISO. See Imperial Service Obligation Hitchcock, F. C., 58–9 Italian front, 338 Hogge, James, 163 Holford, Gwynne, 164 Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 123 Holme, J. E., 69–70 Jackson, Louis, 239–40 Home Rule, in Ireland, 109–10 Jacob, Lieutenant-General Sir Claud, 309, Horne, Brigadier-General Henry (later 331, 346 Lieutenant-General), 50, 259, Jardine, J. B., 51 288, 311, 318, 373 Jaurès, Jean, 86 Horrocks, Brian, 54 Jeudwine, Hugh, 154

468 Index

Joffre, General Joseph, 192, 197, 219–20, MacDonogh, Col. George, 212–13 237, 238, 262, 263, 277–8, 291, machine guns, 241, 282–3 296, 308. See also British MacKay, J. F., 26 Expeditionary Force; Western Mackinder, Halford, 172 Front Maclean, H. C., 69–70 Johnson, J. T., 42 MacMahon, Henry, 203 Julian, Ernest, 70 Macmillan, Harold, 135–6 Macmullen, Colonel N., 322–3 Keir, John, 15 MacNeill, Eoin, 411 Kemal, Mustafa, 404 Macpherson, E. G. F., 37 Kemp, G. C., 51 Macready, Lieutenant-General Sir Nevil, Kiggell, Lieutenant-General Sir Launcelot, 75–6, 229 28, 292, 347 Magee, William, 33–4 Kirkpatrick, Ivone, 80–1 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 179–80 Kitchener, Field Marshal Lord Herbert, Mahon, Lieutenant-General Sir Bryan, 405 212, 219, 228, 238, 250, Mainwaring, Lieutenant-Colonel 263, 279 A. E., 218 Kitchener, Horatio (Lord). See also military Manley, Norman, 123–4 strategy, of British Army Manley, Roy, 123–4 recruitment of New Armies, 10–12, 75 Marshal, E. L., 70–1 as Secretary of State for War, 90–1 Marwitz, General Georg von der, 217–18 Kluck, General Alexander von, 214 Mason, F. O., 33–4 Masterson, J. E. I., 25–6 labour forces, enlistment rates by, 103–4 Matthew, G. W., 69 Lanrezac, General Charles, 192, 213 Maude, Lieutenant-General Stanley, 204, Law, Francis, 55–6 398–400 Lawrence, Major-General Sir Herbert, Maud’huy, General Louis de, 238 347–8, 372 Maunoury, General Michel-Joseph, 219 League of Nations, 204–5 Maurice, Frederick, 165, 190–1 Lecky, Major-General R. St. Clair, 312–13 Max of Baden (Prince), 370, 375–8 Legion of Frontiersmen, 99 Maxse, Lieutenant-General Sir Ivor, 41–2, Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von, 389, 393 297–8, 330–1, 382–3 Lewis guns, 240–2, 282–3, 310, 381 Maxwell, Arthur, 51 Lindsay. W. H., 38 Maxwell, J. G., 31 Lister, Thomas, 165 Maxwell, Lieutenant-General Sir John, Livens projectors, 374–5 347, 413–14 Lloyd George, David, 1, 49, 52–3, 87–8, May, H. A. R., 63–4, 66 92, 107–8, 186, 292–4, 306, 307, McCallum, J. D. M., 62, 69 308, 323, 330, 334, 336–8, 340, McCudden, James, 77 344, 345–50, 357–8, 406–8 McKenna, Reginald, 177, 179–80, 186 logistics, 218, 261–2, 295, 302, 305–6, McMahon, Major N. R., 40, 241 310–11, 321, 324, 325, medical ofﬁcers, commissions for, 74–5 361–2, 384 Mildren, W. F., 51 Lomax, Major-General Samuel, 223–4 military conscription. See conscription, Long, Walter, 113 military Lord Midleton. See Brodrick, John military recruitment, for British Army. See Lossberg, Colonel Friedrich von, 328 also conscription Louis of Battenberg (Prince), 183–4 during First World War, 100 Lowther, Claude, 105 adjustment of requirements for, 97–8 Lucy, John, 36, 138 by clergy, 100 Ludendorff, General Erich von, 301, 345, patriotism as inﬂuence on, 99 359, 369–70, 371, 375 propaganda efforts, 99 Lusitania, 102 regional variations for, 98 Lynch-Robinson, Christopher, 28 resentment towards recruiting agents, Lyttleton, Neville, 18 102–3

Index 469

role of organisations in, 99–100 War Office scheme, 176–7 social inheritance factors for, 104–6 on Western Front. See also Bazentin within specific labour forces, 103–4 Ridge; Somme campaign unemployment as influence on, 100–2 BEF and, 234–6, 304–6 wage levels as factor in, 103–4 in 1916, 301–3 in Wales, 98, 107–8 in 1918, 354–5 in Great Britain, 112–13 Zeebrugge scheme, 185 in Ireland, 108–12 resurrection of, 199 economic factors for, 110 Millerand, Alexandre, 192 Home Rule question, 109–10 Milne, George, 409 political influences on, 108–9 Mines. See Ridge religious influences on, 108–9 Mitry, General Antoine de, 223–4 in Scotland, 98, 106–7 mobilisation, 208–9 economic factors for, 106–7 Moltke, General Helmut von, 224 ‘Pals’ battalions, 106 Monash, Lieutenant-General Sir John, regional differences for, 106–7 362, 367 unemployment and, 106–7 Monro, Major-General Sir Charles, 81, Military Service (Conventions with Allied 204, 259, 405–6 States) Act (England), 118, 122, Montgomery, A. A., 272–3 123–4 Montgomery, Bernard, 20–1, 24 Military Service (Review of Exceptions) Act Montgomery, Major-General Archibald, (England), 118 283, 322 Military Service Acts (England), 93, Moore, Arthur, 96–7 115–16, 119, 122 Moore, Maurice, 73 military service tribunals, for conscription morale exemptions, 124–8 for British, 147, 149–51 under Volunteer Acts, 130–1 comparisons with French soldiers, military strategy, of British Army 152–4 of attrition, on Western Front, 195–6 crime incidences influenced for BEF, 234–6, 304–6 by, 150–1 Belgian option and, 177–8 about food rations, 150 breakup of, 202–4 in mail and letters, 149–50 CID and, 175, 182 for French soldiers, 152–4 coalition politics as influence on, 194 Morgan, Frederick, 25 conflicts between civilians and soldiers Morland, Lieutenat-General T. N. L., and, 191–2 288, 367 Dardanelles campaign, 183–5, 194–5 mortars, 239–40, 324 to deter future German aggression, 201–3 Mosley, Oswald, 166 Eastern versus Western approaches to, Mother’s Union, 99 181–2 Mott, Frederick, 159 economic warfare as part of, 180–1 Mowatt, Francis, 230 under Haldane, 174 Murray, Major-General Sir Archibald, 49, limited liability strategy, 180–1 186, 211–12, 406 under Lloyd George, 188–9, 190–1, musketry tactics, 214–15 307–9 Myers, Charles, 157–8 under Maurice, 190–1 naval blockades, 181 NADSS. See National Association of in Palestine, 189–90, 204 Discharged Sailors and Soldiers under Robertson, William, 187–9 ‘nation in arms,’ 86–7 Salonika campaign, 195 National Association of Discharged Sailors Somme campaign, 197 and Soldiers (NADSS), 164–5 SWC and, 190, 193 National Federation of Discharged and Third Ypres offensive, 198–200 Demobilised Sailors and Soldiers Verdun offensive, 197–8 (NFDSS), 164–5 by War Council, 178–9 National Registration Act (England), 114

470 Index

National Service League (NSL), 10–11, recruitment for, 47–8 86, 99 retired, 67–8 National Union of Ex-servicemen (NUX), RMA, Woolwich, 22–5, 53–9 164–5 entry requirements, 55, 57–8 nationalism, 87 social composition of, 56–7 Naval, Military and Air Force Service Act RMC, Sandhurst, 22–5, 53–9 (England), 120 entry requirements, 55, 57–8 Naval Defence Act (England), 172–3 social composition of, 56–7 New Zealand stellenbosching, 83–4 ANZAC, 167–8, 319, 404–6 during South African War, 83 British Army soldiers from, 42–3 Temporary Officers, 82 Discharged Settlement Act in, 167–8 women in, exclusion of, 79–80 military veterans in, 167–8 Operation Blücher, 361 wartime executions, 156 Operation Michael, 361 newspapers Ormerod, G. S., 67–8 criticism of army reforms in, 9–10 Ottley, Charles, 175–6 for soldiers, 148–9 Ottoman Empire. See also Dardanelles Newton, Henry, 239–40 campaign NFDSS. See National Federation of breakup of, 202–4 Discharged and Demobilised British Army and, 397–406 Sailors and Soldiers Gallipoli campaign and, 123, 237, 389, Nicholson, Field Marshal Sir William, 27, 400, 405–6, 416 33, 174 EEF and, 406 Nivelle, General Robert, 308–9, 314, Owen, Wilfred, 135 317–18, 357 Northern Command, 210 Paget, Arthur, 45 NSL. See National Service League Paget, W. L. H., 266–7 Nugent, Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver, Painting, T. H., 33–4 67–8, 71–2 Palestine, British military strategy in, NUX. See National Union of 189–90, 204 Ex-servicemen ‘Pals’ battalions, 104–6 from Ireland, 111 O’Connor, Lieutenant-Colonel later from Scotland, 106 Lieutenant-General Sir Richard, 24 Parsons, Lieutenant-General Sir Lawrence officer corps. See also veterans, post-war W, 35–6, 37, 72–3, 109 treatment of paternalism, 154 black officers, near-exclusion of, 80 patriotism, recruitment influenced by, 99 casualty rates for, 47 Pearse, Patrick, 413 chaplains and clergy in, 75–6 pensions conflicts among, 53–4 disability, 162 court martials for, 82 for war widows, 161–2 Derby Scheme and, 73–4 Pershing, General John J., 359, 378 ‘dugout,’ 67–8, 280 Pétain, General Philippe, 190, 357 educational opportunities for, 80–1 Philipps, Ivor, 108 medical officers, 74–5 Pile, General Frederick, 24 in New Armies, 66–7 Playne, Caroline, 87 civilian recruitment, 68–72 Plumer, Lieutenant-General Sir Herbert, ‘dugout’ officers, 67–8, 280 210, 253, 321–5, 329–30, 333–6, Irish officers, 72–3 360, 375, 387–8 under Kitchener, 10–12, 75 Poincaré, Raymond, 358 promotions within, 70–1 Portugal, 360 recruitment of civilians for, 95–6 POWs. See prisoners of war retired officers, 67–8 The Pre-War Mind in Britain (Playne), 87 Welsh officers, 73 Price, Ivon, 411–13 publications for professional Priestly, J. H., 62 knowledge, 81–2 Primrose League, 99

Index 471

prisoners of war (POWs), 159–61 Robinson, Geoffrey, 9–10 under Hague Convention provisions, 160 Rogerson, Sidney, 106 violence towards, 160 Rommel, Erwin, 71–2 professional soldiers, 53–4 Rows, R. G., 158 propaganda, for military recruitment, 99 Royal Air Force (RAF), 76, 364, 375 prostitution, British soldiers and, 143–4 Royal Military Academy (RMA), 22–5 Prussian militarism, 201–2 Royal Military College (RMC). See psychological disorders. See shell shock Sandhurst College public opinions, on war, 87–9 Royal Naval Division, 222 publications, for officer corps Runciman, Walter, 116–17, 179–80 knowledge, 81–2 Rural League, 99 Pulteney, Major-General Sir William, 223, Russia 235, 288, 346 Dardanelles campaign and, 194–5 diplomatic agreements with, 175–6 RAF. See Royal Air Force Treaty of Brest Litovsk and, 123, 206 railways, on Western Front, 310–11 Russian Jews, military conscription of Rawlinson, Lieutenant-General Sir Henry, acceptance of, 122–3 96–7, 187, 222, 224, 235, 239, under Military Service Act (No 2), 122 243–4, 246–7, 248–51, 255, rejection of, 121–2 259–60, 262–3, 279–80, 283–4, Rymer-Jones, J. M., 61 290–3, 294, 296–8, 299–300, 302, 311, 320, 329, 362–3, Sailors’ Families Association, 99 365–8, 405 Salmond, J. M., 77 recruiting agents, public resentment Salonika campaign, 195 towards, 102–3 Sambre-Oise Canal, 374 recruitment. See military recruitment Samuel, Herbert, 116–17 Redmond, John, 45–6, 73, 108–9 Samuels, Arthur, 61 Redmond, William Archer, 73 Sarrail, Maurice, 195 reinforcements, 229–30 Schnee, Heinrich, 393 religion. See also chaplains and clergy Scotland, military recruitment in, 98, 106–7 military recruitment influenced by, in economic factors, 106–7 Ireland, 108–9 ‘Pals’ battalions, 106 for soldiers, 147–8 regional differences for, 106–7 Repington, Charles à Court, 9–10, unemployment and, 106–7 175–6, 258 Scott, C. P., 87–8 reservists, 208–9, 218 Scott, Robert Falcon, 148 Ricardo, Ambrose, 71 Seddon, Richard, 173 Richards, Frank, 138 Seeley, J. E. B., 26–7, 45–6 Richardson, A. R., 17–18 semi-open warfare, 316 Richardson, Henry, 69–70 sexually transmitted diseases, among Rifle Volunteer movement, 11 British soldiers, 144 during South African War, 12 shell shock, 157–9 Rimington, Lieutenant-General Sir Simon, John, 115 Michael, 230, 242–3 small arms production, 240–1 Rivers, W. H. R., 158 Small Holdings and Allotments Act RMA. See Royal Military Academy (England), 166 RMC. See Royal Military College Smith, F. E., 96–7 Robb, Major-General F.S., 218 Smith, G. M. L., 59 Roberts, Frederick, 40–1 Smith, W. H., 33–4 Robertson, later Field-Marshal Major- Smith-Barry, Robert, 77–8 General Sir William, 25, 27, 28, 49, Smith-Dorrien, Lieutenant-General Sir 83, 179–80, 182, 187–9, 218, 239, Horace, 38, 83, 210–11, 216–18, 262–3, 292–4, 307, 318–19, 323, 229–30, 233, 235, 239, 253–4 330, 332–3, 334, 344, 345–9, 416 Smuts, Field Marshal Jan Christiaan, Robertson, Nora, 73 200–1, 346, 393

472 Index

Smyth, George, 61 tactics, 235–6, 241, 253, 274, 282, 283, Snelling, Percy, 33–4, 36 298, 302–6, 310, 316, 343–4, Snow, Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas, 351–3, 368, 382, 384, 385 312, 346 Tafel, Theodor, 395 Social Darwinism, 87 tanks, 296–7, 314, 324–5, 339, 340, 374, social inheritance, recruitment influenced 385–7. See also Somme by, 104–6 Temporary Officers, 82 Soldier Settlement Act (Canada), 167 Territorial Force, 9, 11, 415–16 Soldiers’, Sailors’, Airmens’ Union ‘class corps’ within, 63 (SSAU), 164–5 as defence against German Soldier’s Families Association, 99 invasion, 94–5 Solly-Flood, Arthur, 82, 382 expansion in Europe, 94–5 South Africa infantry units in, during pre-war period, British Army in, 42–3 139–40 emigration of veterans to, 168 in Liverpool, 59 South African War, 7, 42–3, 275–6 mounted troops in, 16 British generals during, 50–1 physical fitness issues, 92 CID and, 175 during South African War, 12 Haig and, 275–6 training for, 14–15 Rifle Volunteers during, 12 volunteer acceptance rates for, 91–2 stellenbosching during, 83 weaponry issues for, 15–16 during TF scheme, 12 Yeomanry and, 11 Yeomanry during, 12 Thesiger, G. H., 44 Southern Command, 210 Thomas, Owen, 73, 108 Spanish Influenza epidemic, 361–2 Thorne, Henry, 259 Spears, Lt. Edmund, 213–14 timber supply, 238–9 Special Reserve, 13–14 Tinker, Joe, 100 Spiers, Edward, 19 Togoland, British capture of, 389–90 SSAU. See Soldiers, Sailors and Airmens’ Townsend, Charles, 398 Union Trade Card Agreement, 118, 139 St. Loe Strachey, John, 129 training, 251–2, 281, 282–3, 351–3, 384. St. Quentin Canal, 366–7. See also See also Royal Military Academy; Hindenburg Line Royal Military College Staff College at Camberley, 28–9 for BEF, 309–10 Staff College at Quetta, 28–9 inconsistencies in, 280–1 staff officers, 261, 277 during Edwardian era, problems in, Stanhope, Edward, 7 40–2 Stanhope Memorandum, 174–5 for OTC, 17–18 Stanley, Venetia, 170 pre-war army, 207–8 Stansfield, F. N., 74 pre-war conception of future warfare, stellenbosching, of officers, 83–4 233–4 during South African War, 83 for RFC, 77–8 Stewart-Moore, J. H., 66 for TF scheme, 14–15 Stokes, Wilfrid, 240 training manuals, 384 Stoll, Oswald, 164 The Division in Defence (SS-210), 352 Stone, Christopher, 135–6 Instructions for the Training of Divisions Stopford, Lieutenant-General Sir for Offensive Action (SS-135), Frederick, 405 309, 382 submarines, 321 Preliminary Notes on the Tactical Lessons Supreme War Council (SWC), 190, 193, of the Recent Operations 338, 346, 348, 353 (SS-119), 309 surrender of soldiers. See prisoners of war ‘Red Book,’ 281 SWC. See Supreme War Council Training of Divisions for Offensive Action Swiney, E. R. R., 247 (SS-109), 281 Swiss Army, British Army influenced Travers, Tim, 4, 29, 273, 403 by, 86–7 Treaty of Brest Litovsk, 123, 206

Index 473

Trenchard, Major-General, later Air Wallace, W. B., 31 Marshal Sir Hugh, 76–7 war generation, 135–6 tribunals. See military service tribunals War Office, 176–7 Tudor, Brigadier-General H. H., 31, Military Operations Department 338–9 war widows, pensions for, 161–2 Tull, Walter, 80, 123–4 Watts, Lieutenant-General H. E., 331 Turner, M. N., 26 Weimann, Chaim, 123 Wells, H. G., 130 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), 45–6, 72, Western Front 108–10 Australian Corps on, 362, 378–9 unemployment, recruitment levels ammunition shortages for, 242 influenced by, 100–2 in Belgium, 237–9 in Scotland, 106–7 combat skills of, 216 Uniacke, Brigadier-General Herbert expansion of forces, 279–80 H., 384 in France, 210–22, 237–9 United States of America (USA), full mobilisation of, 208–9 327–8, 334, 361–2, 366–8, 373 military strategy of, 234–6, 304–6 wartime executions and, 156 battle at Neuve Chapelle, 228–9 on Western Front, 367–9, 378–9 Weygand, General Maxime, 193 USA. See United States White, E. G., 33–4 UVF. See Ulster Volunteer Force White, Robert, 96–7 Wigram, Clive, 250 Valenciennes, 373–4 Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 378 van Deventer, Jacob, 393 Willcocks, Lieutenant-General Sir Verdun, 197–8, 277, 291, 294, 307 James, 249 German army and, 277–8 Wilson, Arthur, 176–7 veterans, post-war treatment of, 163–8 Wilson, Lieutenant-General Sir Henry for Canadian soldiers, 167 (later Field Marshal), 28, 29, 49, commemoration policies for, 168–9 138, 166, 189, 208, 211–13, disabled, 163–4 239–43, 348, 358. See also military volunteer organisations for, 164 strategy, of British Army emigration to South Africa, 168 new imperialism under, 205 grievances over, 163–5 War Office scheme and, 176 for Irish soldiers, 166–7 Wilson, Woodrow, 200, 206, 375 for New Zealand soldiers, 167–8 Winnington-Ingram, A. F., 100 organizations for, 164–5 Wolfe Murray, James, 183 Villers-Bretonneux, 360 women Vimy Ridge. See Arras, Battle of excluded from officer corps, 79–80 Viviani, René, 192 military conscription for, 132–4 Volunteer Acts (England), 130–1 as nurses, 132–3 Volunteer Training Corps (VTC), 130–2 proximity to combat, gender concepts von Arnim, Sixt, 328 influenced by, 161 von Donop, Major-General Sir Stanley, Woollcombe, Lieutenant-General Sir 233–4, 239–40 Charles, 346 von Fabeck, Max, 226 Woolwich. See Royal Military Academy von Falkenhayn, Erich, 198, 224 Wray, John, 69–70 von Hindenburg, Paul, 301 Wyndham, Horace, 36 von Kluck, Alexander, 214 Wynne, G. C., 246 von Moltke, Helmuth, 220 Yealland, L. R., 158 wage levels, recruitment influenced by, Yeomanry, 11 103–4 during South African War, 12 Wales military recruitment in, 98, 107–8 Zeebrugge scheme, 185. See also Belgian New Armies and, 73 option

474 Index

British Army: Formations and Units 5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Divisions Wales’s), 30 1st, 40, 53, 223, 227, 261, 265, 266, 270 16th Lancers (The Queen’s), 25 2nd, 227, 258, 259, 270 North Irish Horse, 13 3rd, 227, 229, 233 South Irish Horse, 13 4th, 51, 212 Northumberland Hussars, 12 5th, 214, 233 2/1st Denbighshire Yeomanry, 107 6th, 223, 266, 342 Royal East Kent Mounted Riﬂes, 65 7th, 63, 222, 223, 224, 227, 247, 257, 258, Dorset Yeomanry, 397 259, 270, 293 Queen’s Own West Kent Yeomanry, 65 8th, 224, 243, 257 1/1st Montgomeryshire Yeomanry, 92 9th (Scottish), 229, 270, 290, 338 Sussex Yeomanry, 53, 65 10th (Irish), 67, 71, 109, 152, 404, 405 Glamorgan Yeomanry, 65 12th (Eastern), 109, 342 1/2nd County of London Yeomanry 13th (Western), 67, 109, 398 (Westminster Dragoons), 140 14th (Light), 68 Bedfordshire Yeomanry, 52 15th (Scottish), 67 Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 65 16th (Irish), 70, 72, 109, 152 Royal Garrison Artillery, 8, 20, 33, 138 18th (Eastern), 297 Honourable Artillery Company, 16, 17, 65 19th (Western), 154 Royal Engineers, 21, 77, 137, 240, 20th (Light), 342 384, 404 21st, 271, 289, 315 Grenadier Guards, 29, 74, 82 23rd, 148, 410 Coldstream Guards, 42 24th, 271, 315 2nd Irish Guards, 56 25th, 145, 374 Royal Scots (including Queen’s Edinburgh 27th, 230, 253 Riﬂe Volunteer Brigade), 18, 76 28th, 253, 272 7th Royal Scots, 26 29th, 154, 185, 195, 289, 315, 403 6th Buffs (East Kent Regiment), 103 30th, 288, 289, 315 7th Buffs (East Kent Regiment), 103 31st, 105, 289 8th Buffs (East Kent Regiment), 103 32nd, 51, 225, 289, 375 Royal Lancaster Regiment, 26 36th (Ulster), 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 109, 111, 1st Northumberland Fusiliers, 209 152, 288, 289 16th Northumberland Fusiliers, 104 38th (Welsh), 73, 89, 108 20th Northumberland Fusiliers 43rd (Wessex), 92 (1st Tyneside Scottish), 104 44th (Home Counties), 92 1st Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 159 45th (2nd Wessex), 92 14th Royal Warwickshire Regiment 46th (North Midland), 51, 94, 287, (1st Birmingham Pals), 69, 71 368, 369 15th Royal Warwickshire Regiment 47th (2nd London), 267, 269 (2nd Birmingham Pals), 69 48th (South Midland), 92, 289 16th Royal Warwickshire Regiment 51st (Highland), 91, 142, 315, 340, (3rd Birmingham Pals), 69 373 4th Royal Fusiliers, 214 53rd (Welsh), 93 10th Royal Fusiliers, 97 54th (East Anglian), 93, 139 18th Royal Fusiliers, 79 55th (West Lancashire), 154 19th Royal Fusiliers, 79 56th (1st London), 51, 137, 287, 315 21st Royal Fusiliers, 79 59th (2nd North Midland), 139, 413 24th Royal Fusiliers, 145 62nd (2nd West Riding), 139, 340 25th Royal Fusiliers, 99 38th, 39th, 40th Royal Fusiliers (Jewish Regiments, Corps and Battalions Legion), 123 Royal Flying Corps, 76, 244, 305, 19th King’s Liverpool Regiment 314, 418 (3rd Liverpool Pals), 74 3rd Dragoon Guards (Prince of 8th Norfolk Regiment, 140 Wales’s), 25 2nd Devonshire Regiment, 25

Index 475

9th Devonshire Regiment, 102 1/4th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire 1st Suffolk Regiment, 31 Light Infantry, 91, 412 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment, 106 1/1st Buckinghamshire Battalion, 1/6th West Yorkshire Regiment, 138 Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire 8th West Yorkshire Regiment, 62 Light Infantry, 91, 412 16th West Yorkshire Regiment (1st 2/1st Buckinghamshire Battalion, Bradford Pals), 104 Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th East Yorkshire Light Infantry, 91 Regiment (Hull Pals), 105 7th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire 1st Bedfordshire Regiment, 148 Light Infantry, 146 6th Bedfordshire Regiment, 71 1/5th Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire 15th Lancashire Fusiliers (1st Salford Regiment (Sherwood Pals), 104 Forresters), 240 16th Lancashire Fusiliers (2nd Salford 12th Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Pals), 104 Regiment (Sherwood 19th Lancashire Fusiliers (3rd Salford Forresters), 148 Pals), 104 9th Loyal North Lancashire, 147 Royal Scots Fusiliers, 76 Northamptonshire Regiment, 27 2nd Cheshire Regiment, 45 1st West Kent Regiment, 31 15th and 16th Cheshire Regiment 4th West Kent Regiment, 18 (1st and 2nd Birkenhead 2nd King’s Own Yorkshire Light Bantams), 97 Infantry, 61 2nd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 89, 138 7th Middlesex Regiment, 12 13th Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 70 8th Middlesex Regiment, 12 16th Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 73 16th Middlesex Regiment (Public Schools 2nd South Wales Borderers, 396, 404 Battalion), 70, 105 King’s Own Scottish Borderers, 59 17th Middlesex Regiment (1st Footballers 1st King’s Own Scottish Borderers, 46 Battalion), 80 5th Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), 15 23rd Middlesex Regiment (2nd Footballers 1/8th Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), 138 Battalion), 80 Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 33, 34, 78 King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 26, 34, 70 5th Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 80 2nd Manchester Regiment, 13 6th Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 71, 80 3rd Manchester Regiment, 13 8th Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 83 2/5th Manchester Regiment, 142 9th Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 70, 71 1/9th Manchester Regiment, 140 1st Gloucestershire Regiment, 209 16th Manchester Regiment, 104 1/5th Gloucestershire Regiment, 148 9th York and Lancaster Regiment, 71 12th Gloucestershire Regiment, 70 13th York and Lancaster Regiment, 104 1st Worcestershire Regiment, 153, 249 Durham Light Infantry, 30 2nd Worcestershire Regiment, 227 15th Highland Light Infantry (Glasgow 11th East Lancashire Regiment, 104 Corporation Tramways 10th (Reserve Battalion) East Lancashire Battalion), 104, 106 Regiment, 83 16th Highland Light Infantry, 105 6th East Surrey Regiment, 12 17th Highland Light Infantry, 105 1st Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry, 26 Seaforth Highlanders, 34 10th Duke of Cornwall’s Light 1st Seaforth Highlanders, 247 Infantry, 102 1/6th Gordon Highlanders, 142 11th, 12th and 13th Royal Sussex Regiment Cameron Highlanders, 138 (Southdown Battalions), 105 2nd Royal Irish Rifles, 138 1/6th South Staffordshire Regiment, 138 3rd Royal Irish Rifles, 13, 413 2/6th South Staffordshire Regiment, 138 4th Royal Irish Rifles, 13 14th Welsh Regiment (Swansea Pals), 104 5th Royal Irish Rifles, 13 1/4th Black Watch, 140 6th Royal Irish Rifles, 62, 67 1st Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light 8th Royal Irish Rifles, 62, 69 Infantry, 26 9th Royal Irish Rifles, 68, 71

476 Index

10th Royal Irish Rifles, 72 Leeds University, 62, 66 12th Royal Irish Rifles, 72 University of London, 17, 18, 60 13th Royal Irish Rifles, 71 Oxford University, 60 8th Royal Irish Fusiliers, 83 University of Wales, 18 9th Royal Irish Fusiliers, 69 2nd (Garrison Battalion) Royal Irish Junior Division Fusiliers, 84 Charterhouse School, 60 Connaught Rangers, 30 Downside School, 81 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 26 Eton College, 60 1st Leinster Regiment, 25 Felstead School, 61 2nd Leinster Regiment, 58, 59 Haileybury College, 60 3rd Leinster Regiment, 58 Hertford Grammar School, 60 4th Leinster Regiment, 15 Hillhead High School (Glasgow), 60 7th Leinster Regiment, 72 Winchester College, 61 Royal Munster Fusiliers, 68 Intelligence Corps, 53, 54 1st Royal Munster Fusiliers, 403, 404 Machine Gun Corps, 78, 84, 138, 242, 1st Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 403 282, 418 2nd Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 159, 218 Tank Corps, 79, 84, 138, 322, 338, 6th Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 67 339, 386 7th Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 70, 111 Labour Corps, 124, 138, 157 9th Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 83, 84 Royal Signals Corps, 55 10th Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 413 Rifle Brigade, 34, 67, 71 Volunteer Training Corps 2nd Rifle Brigade, 246 1st Dublin Battalion, 132 7th Rifle Brigade, 82 Motor Volunteer Corps, 132 5th London Regiment (London Rifle Piano Trade Corps, 130 Brigade), 65, 104 1/7th London Regiment (City of Women’s Services London), 145 Queen Alexandria’s Imperial Military 2/12th London Regiment Nursing Service, 132 (The Rangers), 146 Territorial Force Nursing Service, 132 1/14th London Regiment (London First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, 79, 133 Scottish), 65 Volunteer Aid Detachments, 132, 133 15th London Regiment (Civil Service Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, 79, 133 Rifles), 65, 91 Women’s Legion, 133 1/28th London Regiment (Artists Rifles), Auxiliary Territorial Service, 133 65, 66, 104 Inns of Court Regiment, 16, 17, 63, 65, Indian Army 100, 104 Divisions Army Service Corps, 137, 143 3rd (Lahore), 254, 256, 398 Royal Army Medical Corps, 33, 75 6th (Quetta), 397 Army Chaplains Department, 37, 76, 7th (Meerut), 256, 258, 259, 398 122, 147 Colonial units Officer Training Corps West African Frontier Force, 43, 44, 389, Senior Division 390, 392, 416 Aberdeen University, 60 King’s African Rifles, 43, 44, 391, Belfast University (Queen’s), 18, 60, 62, 392, 416 66, 69 Cape Mounted Rifles, 69 Cambridge University, 19, 60, 61, 63 Malay States Volunteer Rifles, 69 Dublin University (Trinity College Northern Bengal Mounted Rifle Dublin), 60, 61, 62, 411 Volunteers, 69 Durham University, 60 Upper Burma Volunteer Rifles, 26