INDEX

A Amien Rais, 300 Abdul Hamid Rizal, 178 Anambas Islands, and tourism, 174 Abdul Manan Saiman, 357 Anglo-Dutch treaty, 160, 273, 369, 376 Abdul Razak, 370 , 248 Abdull Hakim Abdat, 304 annual evaluation of the performance of Abdurrahman Wahid, 300 regional governments, see EKPPD Abidin Hasibuan, 422 Ansar Ahmad, 223, 226–27, 386 Aburizal Bakrie, 226 anti-Chinese riots, 420 Batubara, 393 APBD (provincial government budget), 203 Agency for the Cooperation of Archipelago Apple, 93, 97 Provinces (BKSPK), 171–72 Arsyadjuliandi “Andi” Rachman, 368 Agip, Italian company, 168 ASEAN, 61 agro-tourism, 73–74, 80 Asia Competitiveness Institute, 205 Agung Laksono, 226 Asian Financial Crisis, 6, 41, 106, 107, 239, Agus Chandra Wijaya, 422 241, 314 Agus Yudhoyono, 223 ASITA (Association of Tours and Travel , 245, 300, 355 Agencies), 75–76, 83 Ahmadiyyahs, 302 Asman Abnur, 370, 422 Ahok, see Asmin Patros, 420–22 AIA insurance, 91 Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, publication, 163 Air Asia, 71 AusAid (Indii), 328 air pollution, 312, 315, 318, 329–30 Al-Washliyah, 300 B Alias Wello, 370 Bahasa , 338, 352 Alibaba, 97 Bahasa Melayu, 352 Ali Kelana, Raja, 162 Bahrun Naim, 299 All Indonesia Labour Federation, see FBSI Bain & Company, 95 All Indonesia Workers Union, see SPSI Bandar Bentan Telani Terminal, 69 Amazon, 97 Bank Indonesia (BI), 96 AMDAL (Analisis Mengenai Dampak BAPEDAL (Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan), see Department of EIA Lingkungan), 312, 315, 321–22, 329 American Bureau of Intelligence and Bappeda (Regional Development Planning Research, 154 Agency), 280

21-J07442 20 The Islands pp455-466.indd 455 28/6/21 9:00 AM 456 Index

Bappenas (National Development Planning “Bela Islam” mobilization, 248 Agency), 199 Benny Suwandi, 420 Barelang Bridge, 172 Berita Harian, 304 Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok), 248, 307, 368 Berkarya Party, 224 people “”, 316 migration, 396–403 BIDA ( Industrial Development political aspiration, 403–7 Authority), 9–10, 40, 103–4, 106, 114, political history of, 394–96 168, 170, 197–98, 274, 287, 313–14, 319, Batam 322–23, 404 demography, 237 BIFZA (Batam Indonesia Free Zone digital economy in, 90–93 Authority), 10, 109, 206, 287 economic structure, 317 BILIK (Bina Lingkungan Hidup Batam), 319 environmental record, 317–30 Bintan industrial estates in, 111 foreign-owned land in, 81–82 Islamic organizations in, 302–3 population, 291–92 manufacturing sector, 43–49 tourism, development of, 69–70 population, 6–7, 14, 41, 103, 237, 238–39, urban development, 291–92 287–89, 293, 298, 314–15 Bintan Agro Resort, 82 tourism, development of, 67–68 Bintan Beach International Resort, 291 unemployment, 40, 49 Bintan Industrial Estate, 291, 314 urban development, 283–89 Bintan International Airport, 70 Batam-Bintan bridge, 172, 289 Bintan Lagoi resort, 405 Batam Centre International Terminal, 356 Bintan Pearl Beach Resort, 82 Batam City Development Planning Agency, Bintan Resorts, 69–70 288 Bintan Triathlon, 69 Batam City Spatial Plan, 288 B.J. Habibie, 9, 40, 68, 104, 169, 172, 197, “Batam declaration”, 172 240, 313 Batam Indonesia Free Zone Authority, BKPM (Investment Coordinating Board), see BIFZA 125 Batam Industrial Bonded Zone, see bonded BKSPK (Badan Kerja Sama Provinsi zone Kepulauan), 171–72 Batam Industrial Development Authority, BlackMagic, firm, 47 see BIDA BNPB (Culture Preservation Center), 400 Batam International University, 420 bonded zone, 9, 11, 104–5, 287, 313–14 Batam Municipality, 106, 109, 121 “Bonded Zone Plus”, 314 Batam Polytechnic, 93 Bond of Batak Families (Ikatan Keluarga Batam Shipyard and Offshore Association Batak), 407 (BSOA), 49–50 Bond of Bintan Tapanuli Families, see IKTB Batam Cable System, 94 Bond of Tapanuli Families, Batam Wastewater Investment Master Plan, see IKTK 328 Booth, Anne, 179 BatamIndo Industrial Park, 41, 89, 314, 319 BP3KP (Badan Pekerja Pembentukan Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, newspaper, 163 Provinsi Kepulauan Riau), 195 Bechtel Corporation, 103 BP Batam (Badan Pengusahaan Batam), 15, Being Malay in Indonesia, 345 73, 287, 312, 325, 327–28, 444 Bekasi Industrial Harmony Declaration, BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), 49, 61, 199, 203 247–48 Brawijaya University, 405

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 456 28/6/21 9:00 AM Index 457

BRC Lagoi, 70 Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: BSOA (Batam Shipyard and Offshore The British in India, 342 Association), 49–50 Communist Party of Indonesia, see PKI Bugis-centric history, 348–52 community-based tourism, 76, 78, 81 “Bugis colonialism”, 345 Conde Nast Traveller magazine, 73 Bugis-Malay, see Malay-Bugis Confederation of All Indonesian Trade Bugis warrior-prince brothers, 337, 346, Unions, see KSPSI 348–49, 352, 354 Confederation of Prosperous Worker Trade Bugis Youth Assembly of Makassar, Unions, see KSBSI Indonesia (PPBMI), 345 Confederation of Trade Unions of Bukalapak, 95 Indonesia, see KSPI Bukit Ampar Industrial Zone, 319 Confucianism, 415, 424 Bukit Samyong Landfill, 319 Congregation of Protestant Christian Batak, BUMDES (Badan Usaha Milik Desa), 78 see HKBP Congress of Riau People (Kongres Rakyat C Riau), 167, 169 cabotage regulation, 42, 55, 59 Conoco Philips Indonesia, 121 Caltex, 192 corruption, 169, 174, 177, 179, 189, 198–99, Cassia Apartments, 70 206–7, 212, 232, 439 Cell Gonggong Rebus (GR), 299 Cross-Border Region, 13, 435–36, 444–45 Central Statistics Agency, see BPS Culture Preservation Center (BNPB), 400 Cheng Ho mosques, 418 “cut and fill” activities, 312, 322–24, 329, Chevron, 192 331 China-Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Agreement, 108–9 D Chinese community “Daeng”, honorific, 337 business role, 422–23 Daeng Ibrahim, 350 citizenship, and, 424 Daeng M. Yatir, 370 culture, and, 417–20 Daeng Rusnadi, 170, 177–78 history of, in Riau Islands Province, 176, DAK (Dana Alokasi Khusus), 130, 132 347, 368–69, 413–17 DAU (Dana Alokasi Umum), 130 name-changing regulation, and, 425 Day of Kepri Community Pride (Hari political participation, 420–22 Marwah Masyarakat Kepri), 170 Chinese-Indonesian Association (INTI), decentralization reforms, 6, 10, 104, 131, 419–20 158, 169, 178–79, 188–91, 195, 211, Chinese-medium schools, 418–19 217–19, 271, 287, 293, 314–16, 351 Chinese Mooncake Festival, 368 Democrat Party, see PD Chinese Muslim Union (PITI), 418 Department of Air Pollution Control, 315 Chua, Rudy, 421–22 Department of EIA (Environmental Impact Ciputra University, 97 Assessment) Implementation, 315–16, Citramas Group, 90, 92, 108, 422 321 City Sanitation Department, 325 Department of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes “city without slums” programme, 289 Management, 315 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Department of Water and Marine Pollution 329 Control, 315 CNN, 71 digital economy, 7, 14, 89–90, 92–93, 95–99, Cohn, Bernard, 342 133, 211, 437, 443, 445

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 457 28/6/21 9:00 AM 458 Index

Digitaraya, 97 Environmental Impact Assessment, Djuanda Declaration, 153–54 see Department of EIA , 153, 155 environmental regulations, 315–17 domestic direct investment (DDI), 43–44, ethnicity, and provincial elections, 386–87 127–28 European Aviation Safety Agency, 108 domestic tourism, 66 evaluation of the performance of regional DPD (Regional Representative Assembly), governments, annual, see EKPPD 421, 425 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), 156 DPOD (Dewan Pertimbangan Otonomi Exxon Mobil, 122, 168, 174 Daerah), 195–96 DPRD (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah), F 193, 195, 225, 407, 421, 425 Facebook, 96–97 DPR (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat), 196, 420, “Factory Asia” model, 114 425 fatwa, 302–3 DPUD (Destinasi Pariwisata Unggulan FBSI (Federasi Serikat Buruh SeIndonesia), 237, Daerah), 76 242, 244 Drydocks World Graha shipyard, 242 FDI (foreign direct investment), 41, 43–44, Dutch Aggression, 399 98, 125–27, 133, 211, 272, 287, 435 Dutch colonialism, 177 Federal Aviation Agency, 108 Dutch East India Company (VOC), 160, 163, Federal Republic of Riau, 351 394 Federation of Indonesian Metal Workers’ , see Netherlands Indies Unions, see FSPMI Dutch maps, 158 Feisal Tanjung, 393 Dutch New Guinea, 153 Fengky Fesinto, 422 Dutch sovereignty, 8, 153 ferry services, 67, 69, 290 Dutch , 161–64 fibre-optic network, 174 duty-free, 9, 11, 67–68, 104, 107, 307, 313 Firanda Andirja, 305 fishing device, purse seine, 173 E focus group discussion (FGD), 299 eco-tourism, 73–74, 76, 325 Forestry Law, 80 Ecstasy, drugs, 175 “Free Riau” movement, 351 “Ekopol” (Political Economy), courses, free trade zone (FTZ), 11, 41, 50, 58, 68–69, 243–44, 247, 251 104–9, 132, 156, 168, 287, 294, 314, 321, EKPPD (Evaluasi Kinerja Penyelenggaraan 437–38, 443 Pemerintahan Daerah), 203–6, 208–9 “frontline island”, 157 Election Commission, see KPU FSPMI (Federasi Serikat Pekerja Metal electrical and electronics (E&E) industry, Indonesia), 241–45, 247–49 40–41, 44–48, 51–52, 55–56, 58, 62, 98, fundamentalism, 307 317, 319, 321, 377, 436–37 Emil Salim, 316 G Energy Eco Chain, 90 Gafatar (Gerakan Fajar Nusantara), 303 Engku Puteri Raja Hamidah, 349, 357 Gallant Venture Ltd, 69–70 entertainment tax, 70, 73 Gamawan Fauzi, 130 environmental degradation, 83, 290, 312–13, gambling industry, 67–68 315–17, 330–31, 441 Garda Metal (Metal Battalion), 243–47, 249 Environmental Impact Agency, Garuda, 108 see BAPEDAL General Meeting of the Kepulauan Riau

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 458 28/6/21 9:00 AM Index 459

Community (Musyawarah Besar Hizbut Tahir Indonesia, 249 Masyarakat Kepri), 169, 194 HKBP (Huria Kristen Batak Protestan), 394, General Municipal Public Service Body, 399 325 “Hong Kong country”, 196 general transfer funds, see DAU “Hot Deals” project, 75 Genting Oil Natuna, 121 Huawei, 97 Gerindra Party (Partai Gerakan Indonesia Human Development Index, 119–20, 207–9 Raya), 224, 226, 239, 247–49 Hussy, Ed, 420 Gigih Rahmat Dewa, 299 Huzrin Hood, 170, 195, 198, 351 Glints, talent recruiter, 91, 99 Global Financial Crisis, 107 I “Glorious Land” (“Peripura”), 178 Ibnu Sutowo, 313 GMF AeroAsia, 108 ICT (Information and Communications Go Nen Pin, 420 Technology), 96–97 GoAcademy, 97 IDI (Indonesia Democracy Index), 199–200 Goh Chok Tong, 69, 313 Idris Zaini, 177 Gojek, 95, 97 IKTB (Ikatan Keluarga Tapanuli Bintan), Party, 167, 222–24, 226–27, 421 407 Google, 95–97 IKTK (Ikatan Keluarga Tapanuli Kepri), Grab, 95 407 GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product), Imam Munandar, 193 45, 62, 115, 120–25, 129, 291, 438 IMS-GT (Indonesia--Singapore Green City Action plan, 329 Growth Triangle), see SIJORI Grow with Google, training programme, income tax, 105 97 Indii (AusAid), 328 Growth Triangle, see SIJORI Indische Kerk, church, 399 gubernatorial election, 197–99, 217, 220, Indonesia, and maritime borders, 154–55 225–29 Indonesia-China Business Council, 421 Gurindam Dua Belas, poem, 84 Indonesia Payment System Blueprint 2025, 96 H Indonesian Broadcasting Commission, 176 Hairul Saleh, 303 Indonesian Broadcasting Corporation, 305 halal certification, 302–3, 308 Indonesian Chamber of Commerce halal tourism, 75–76, 78, 303 (KADIN), 421 , 302 Indonesian Chinese Clan Association, Hanafi, classical jurist, 300 see PSMTI Hanbali, classical jurist, 300–1 Indonesian Communist Party, see PKI Hang Nadim airport, 175, 289 Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Hang Radio, 175, 299, 304–5 Association, 76 Hanura Party (Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat), Indonesian Ulama Council, see MUI 224, 226, 406–7, 421–22 Indoreach Exploration, 121 Harlianto, 421 industrial pollution, 312, 319–22 Hartnoll, Tim, 71 Infinite Learning, 93 Hazardous and Toxic Wastes Management, Infinite Studios, 68, 90, 92–93 Department of, 315 Institute of Malay Customs, 348, 353, Hikayat Hang Tuah, 377–78 355–57, 362–63, 368–69 Hirschman, Charles, 343 Internal Security Act, 299

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 459 28/6/21 9:00 AM 460 Index

International Maritime Organization, 156 Konfrontasi, 376, 388 International Port of Dompak, 206 Kongres Rakyat Riau (Congress of Riau INTI (Perhimpunan Indonesia-Tionghoa), People), 167, 169 419–20 Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, 165 Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), KOP Limited, 68 125 Korn Ferry Indonesia, 96 IoT (Internet of Things), 96, 99 KPU (Komisi Pemilihan Umum), 220, 224 Isdianto, 199 KSBSI (Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Sejahtera ISIS, terror group, 175, 299 Indonesia), 241–42, 245–47 Islamic organizations, in Batam, 302–3 KSPI (Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Ismail Suko, 193 Indonesia), 239, 242–44, 247, 248–49 Ismeth Abdullah, 10, 170, 197–98, 201, KSPSI (Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Seluruh 226–27, 273, 357 Indonesia), 241–44, 246–48

J L Post, 303 land conflict, 80–82 Jamaah Al Khidmah Batam, 306 land reclamation, 322–25 Japanese occupation, 8, 166 land-sea linkages, concept of, 153 Javanese Lee Hsien Loong, 69 definition of, 378–80 Lembong, Eddie, 419 identity, 384–85 Lik Khai, 422 migration to Riau Islands Province, Lindquist, Johan, 175 380–84 Lion Air, 108, 287 Javanese-Malay relationship, 378 literacy rate, 118–19 Jayanto, Bobby, 71, 417, 420–22 Local Autonomy Advisory Board, Jemaah Islamiah (JI), 304 see DPOD Johor Bahru Ferry Terminal, 69 Local Promotion and Investment Agency, Johor-Riau Kingdom, 11–12, 70, 151, 153, 291 273, 298, 413, 423, 438, 442 Long, Nicholas, 345, 351 , 10, 63, 75, 93, 95, 97, 129, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, 393 132, 152, 156–57, 172, 178, 227, 239–40, Lunding Oil & Gas BV, 121 246–49, 338, 440, 446 Jumaga Nadeak, 394, 404 M Jusman Syafii Djamal, 357 , 345 , 337–38, 352, 369–70 maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility, 108 K Majapahit, kingdom of, 158, 378 Kabil Port, 89–90 Malay KADIN (Indonesian Chamber of identity, and, 176, 188, 194, 339–55 Commerce), 421 custom, 343 “Kampung Jawa”, 381, 383–84 dictionary, 338, 352 Kapitan Cina, 347 dynasty, 160 Karimun Industrial Cooperation Zone, 314 history, 345, 357 Kepulauan Riau (Kepri), see Riau Islands “pure”, 346, 363 Province sultanates, 376 KKSS (Kerukunan Keluarga Malay Anger in the Demand for Riau Islands Selatan), 337 Province, 194

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 460 28/6/21 9:00 AM Index 461

Malay-Bugis Ministry of Manpower, 97 elite, 162–63, 170, 352 Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, nexus, 345–48 156 Oath of Loyalty, 349 Ministry of National Development Malayness, 176, 188, 194, 196, 338–39, Planning, 80 343–46, 351, 362, 370, 375, 377–78, Ministry of Public Works and Public 387–88, 442 Housing, 80, 289, 328 genealogy of, 342 Ministry of Religion, 304 markers of, 352–55 Ministry of Tourism, 75 Malaysian Malays, 343–44 , 155, 158 Maliki, classical jurist, 300 modernists religious orientation, 299–302 management authorities, see BP Mohamed Omar Mahadi, 299 mangrove conservation, 329 Montigo Resorts, 68 Manunggaling Sadulur, 384, 386 Mora Telematika, 94 Maoz Azaryahu, 356 Muhammad Ibn Abdul Al-Wahab, 301 marine tourism, 71, 76 Muhammad Idrus Romli, 305 Maritime and Fisheries Law, 59, 80, 154 Muhammad, Prophet, 300, 304–5, 440 “maritime province”, 171 Muhammad Sani, 198–99, 226–28, 230, 357, maritime Silk Road, 413 362, 387 Ma’ruf Amin, 302 Muhammad Thobary Shadizly, 305 Mas Selamat Kastari, 304 Muhammadiyah, 300–3, 305, 307 McKinsey & Company, 97 MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia), 301–2, 305, “Meaning and Measurement of Ethnicity in 307 Malaysia, The”, 343 multinational corporations, 47, 99 Medina University, 303 , 152, 170, 352, 404 N , project, 68 Nadiem Makarim, 97 Meitreya Buddhist Temple, 418 Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), 300–3, 305–7 Melaka dynasty, 159 Nahdlatul Wathan, 300 Melaka, kingdom of, 158 Najib Razak, 343–45 Melaka sultanate, 191 Nanshan Group, 422 Melayu, see Malay Nanyang Inc., 91 Merdeka Market, 70–71 (Partai Nasdem), 222–24, Metal Battalion (Garda Metal), 243–47, 249 226, 228, 421–22 militancy, and trade unions, 242–49 Nasution, A.H., 393 minimum wage, 118, 240, 242, 244, 246–48, (PKB), 226 250–51, 288, 440 National Democrat Party, see Nasdem Party Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning, 80 National Development Planning Agency Ministry of Communications and (Bappenas), 199 Information, 304 national language, 353–54 Ministry of Education, 97 , see PAN Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 80, National Parliament, see DPR 315, 329 National Shariah Economy Masterplan, 75 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 97 national strike, 243, 245 Ministry of Home Affairs, 197, 203, 299 National University of Singapore, 205 Ministry of Industry, Research and Natuna Development Agency, 73 Technology, 97 Natuna Regency, and land rights, 82

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 461 28/6/21 9:00 AM 462 Index

natural gas, 115, 121, 168, 193, 195, 313, 351 PD (Democrat Party), 222–23, 227–28, 239, 404 nature tourism, 73–74, 76 PDI-P (Indonesian Democratic Party – Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, publication, 273 Struggle), 222–23, 226, 239, 247–49, Negative Industries List, 313 404–5, 409, 422 Netherlands Indies, 153, 160, 162–64, 343, PDK (Nationhood Democratic Party), 406 350 Peking University, 423 “New Balis”, tourism and, 75 PELNI ships, 173 New Indonesia Struggle Party (PPIB), 421 Pemuda , militia group, 247, 421 , 6, 8, 131, 167, 169–70, 187–89, People’s Conscience Party, see Hanura Party 194, 219, 223, 236–37, 241–42, 247, 351, People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR), 380, 415, 418–20, 422, 424, 439 300–1 “new regionalism”, 191 Perindo, party, 224 “nine dash line”, 156 “Peripura” (“Glorious Land”), 178 Nisho-Iwai, 103 Pertamina, 103, 121–22, 313 Nommensen, Pastor, 395 Pesantren Anshur al-Sunnah, 303 Nongsa Digital Park (NDP), 68, 89–94, PetroChina, 121 97–98, 108 “petro-dollars”, 301 Nongsa Point Marine and Resort, 90 PITI (Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia), Nurdin Basirun, 71, 157, 198–99, 226–28, 418 370, 387, 418 PKB (National Awakening Party), 226 Nurdin Purnomo, 420 PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia), 237, 418 Nuvasa Bay project, 68 PKS (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera), 224, 226, 239, 247–49 O PODES (Village Potential) data, 277, 294 Oath of Malay Bugis Loyalty, 346 Pokdarwis (Kelompok Sadar Pariwisata), “Old Order”, 190 78–79 Orang Suku Laut, 159–60, 163–64, 166, 175, political economy courses (“Ekopol”), 177–79 243–44, 247, 251 , challenges, 219–20, 222–28 P Pollux Habibie International, 68 Paguyuban Among Mitro, Javanese poverty rate, 115, 117–18, 120–21, 132, 169, association, 384–85 172–73, 175, 177, 193, 208–10, 232, 250, Paguyuban Perantau Jawa Mandiri, 384 352, 439 Palapa Ring network, 95 PPBMI (Bugis Youth Assembly of Makassar, PAN (National Mandate Party), 226, 247 Indonesia), 345 Panasonic, 47 PPIB (New Indonesia Struggle Party), 421 Pancasila, 249 PPP (), 223, 226 Pandjaitan, D.I., 399, 409 , 239, 247, 249 Pan-Indonesian Movement Party, preferential tariff agreement, 108–9 see Gerindra Party Premier Oil Natuna Sea BV, 121 Pardo, Arvid, 154 property tax, 73, 105 Parliamentary elections, 225 Prophet Muhammad, 300, 304–5, 440 Partai Golkar, see Golkar Party provinces, creation of, 189–90 Partai Patriot, 421 provincial elections, and ethnicity, 386–87 Pasaribu, A.D., 400, 406–8 provincial government budget (APBD), 203 patronage system, 219 PRI (Province of the Riau Islands), see Riau PBI (Partai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika), 420–22 Islands Province

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 462 28/6/21 9:00 AM Index 463

Prosperous Justice Party, see PKS Regional Detail Spatial Plan, see RDTR PRRI (Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Regional Development Planning Agency Indonesia), 167, 192 (Bappeda), 280 PSMTI (Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Regional Medium-Term Development Plan, Indonesia), 419–20 see RPJMD PT Adhya Tirta Batam, 325 Regional Representative Assembly (DPD), PT BAI (Bintan Alumina Indonesia), 422 421, 425 PT Batam Aero Technic, 108 religious orientation, 299–303 PT Bintan Resorts Cakrawala, 69 Rencana Detail Tata Ruang (RDTR), 73 PT Nongsa Terminal Bahari, 68 reservoirs, and pollution, 325–27 PT Pelabuhan Kepri, 206 Residency (Residentie), 8, 273, 414 PT Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Indonesia, Residentie Riouw en Onderhoorgheden (Riau 319 Residency and Dependencies), 273 PT Yamamoto Asri, 329 Resident Vorstman, 395–96 Pulau Tujuh, 159–63, 165–66, 169, 174–75, Resident Ypes, 395 177, 197 revenue-sharing fund, 122 “pure Malay”, 346, 363 Rheinische Mission, 395–96 Purnomo, Dendi, 329 Rhio People’s Committee, 350 purse seine, fishing device, 173 Riau Agreement, 314 Riau in Transition, articles, 151, 158, 169, 178 Riau Islands – China’s Businessmen Q Association, 423 Quran, 300–1, 304, 307 Riau Islands Province area, 5, 170 R Chinese community in, 176, 347, 368–69, Radio Dakwah Sunnah, 299 413–17 Radio Hang FM, see Hang Radio civil service in, 199, 201–2 Radio Salam, 305 creation of, 7, 10, 41, 50, 62, 104, 152, , 69 166–70, 191–97, 218 Raffles, Stamford, 191 decentralization, and, 189–91 Raja Abdullah, 357 economy, 61–66, 115–25, 132–33 Raja Ahmad, 357 Javanese migration to, 380–84 Raja Aisyah, 357 population, 5–6, 274–82, 365–67, 380–82 , 12, 70, 84, 170, 338, 342, 349, state capacity in, 197–208 352, 357 tourism, and, 61–84 Raja Ariza, 401 unemployment, 62–63, 115–16, 173, 177 Raja Haji Abdullah bin Osmar, 350, 357 Riau, Let’s Unite (Rejection of PRI), book, 195 , 168–69, 349–50, 357 Riau-Lingga, kingdom of, 162, 273, 294 Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport, 69, 357 Riau’s Tragedy in Upholding Democracy: Raja Isa, 356–57, 362 The 2 September 1985 Incident, book, 193 Raja Jaafar, 70, 84 “Riau-syu”, 166 Raja Kecik, 348 Romly Tamim, 306 Raja Muhammad Yunus, 350 Rosli Hamzah, 299 Raja Sulaiman, 348–49, 357 Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Rasul Dahri, 304 Asian and Caribbean Studies, 151 reformasi, 169, 194, 197, 271 RPJMD (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka refugee dynasty, 159 Menengah Daerah), 75, 355

21-J07442 20 The Riau Islands pp455-466.indd 463 28/6/21 9:00 AM 464 Index

RTRW (Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah), 271, 291, 298, 313, 350, 365, 369, 435–36, 80, 82 444–45 Rumpun Batak Bersatu (RBB), 403–4, 406–9 Silitonga, H., 408 Rusli Zainal, H.M., 337–38 Simatupang, T.B., 393 Russo-Japanese war, 162 Sinarmas Land, 68, 92 Singapore, and religious donation, 306 S Singapore Cruise Centre, 68 Safari Ramadhan, 223 Singapore Polytechnic, 93 Sahid Raya Bintan Beach Resort, 82 Singapore Stock Exchange, 69 Said Iqbal, 239, 247 Sirait, B., 407–8 Salafi-Wahhabism, see Wahhabi-Salafism Sitohang, P.M., 400–1, 405, 408 Saleh Djasit, 170 Smart Cities Movement, 96 Salim Group, 9 SMEs (small and medium enterprises), 97, Sandiago Uno, 248 133 Santoni, 422 smuggling business, 12, 175, 399–400 Sanyo, 47 SOCAL, 192 Saptono Mustaqim, 421 Soeharto, 8, 63, 69, 152, 167, 169, 188, 190, Saragi, 408 219, 224, 237, 300–1, 314, 316, 351, 357, Sarikat Dagang Ahmadi, 165 380, 389, 393, 398, 404, 418–20, 424 Sat Nusapersada, 422 Soeharto, Tommy, 224 Saudi Arabia, and religious funding, 306 Soeripto, 193 Sayen Oil and Gas PTE LTD, 121 Soerya Respationo, 198, 226–28 “Seabed Committee”, 155 “sons of the soil”, 377, 388, 401, 404, 406, seafood exports, 73, 77, 324 409, 442 sea lanes, 155–56 Family Association, sea peoples, Orang Suku Laut, 159–60, see KKSS 163–64, 166, 175, 177–79 Special Allocation Fund, see DAK Second World War, see World War II “special autonomy”, 190 “security belt”, 156 Special Economic Tourism Zones, 76 Senoa Island, 73 special economic zone (SEZ), 104–7, 109, separatism, 188, 190, 196 168, 291, 314, 437, 443 Setya Novanto, 223 sport tourism, 76 sewerage treatment, 328–29 Spratly Islands, 156 sex industry, 175 SPSI (Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia), Shafie School of law, 300 237 Shamsul A.B., 339, 342 squatter settlement, 288, 322–23 shariah law, 190 Sri Bintan Pura Terminal, 69–71 Shias, 302 Star Energy LTD, 121 Shihab, Habib Rizieq, 308 submarine cable system, 94–95 shipbuilding industry, 39–40, 42, 48–49, subnationalism, 187–89, 191, 218 51–52, 54–56, 58, 62, 98, 107–8, 192, 317, Sufism, 299, 305–6 321–22, 377, 436–37 , 192, 219, 388 SI (Statistik Industri), 43, 49–50 Sulalatussalatin, manuscript, 378 Siahaan, L., 408 Sultan Abdul Jalil IV, 348–49 Siantan Malays, 165 Sultan Abdul Rahman, 161–63 SIJORI (Singapore, Johor and Riau Growth Sultan Abdulrahman Muazam Shah, 350 Triangle), 9, 11–13, 156–58, 168, 175, 177, Sultan Abdurrahman, 191

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Sultan Abu Bakar, 160 Toan Hwa school, 418–19 Sultan Husen, 191 Tokopedia, 95 Sultan Mahmud, 176 Tommy Soeharto, 224 Sultan Mahmud III, 349 Tour de Bintan, 69 Sultan Mahmud Shah II, 348 tourism awareness group, see Pokdarwis Sumarlin, J.B., 313 Tourism Law, 80 SUN Resort, 80 trade unions, 237–49 Sunnah, 301, 304 traditionalists religious orientation, 299–303 Sunny Sukardi, 423 Transmigration Programme, 380, 398 -Madura Bridge, 131 Traveloka, 95 Surakarta rulers, 389 Treaty of London, 11, 191, 350 Surbana, 92 , 168 Surya Respationo, 386 Tzu Chi Buddhist Association, 419 Suryatati A. Manan, 176 , 41, 63, 223, 239 U Susi Pudjiastuti, 173–74 ULC (unit labour cost), 56 Swiss UBS, 97 United Batak Clans Association, see RBB Syech Bin Abdul Qodir Assegaf, 305 United Development Party (PPP), 223, 226 United Malays National Organization T (UMNO), 343–44 Tabrani Rab, 169–70, 195 Convention of the Law of Tai Ho Group, 423 the Sea, 155 Tanah Merah Terminal, 69 Unity in Diversity Party, see PBI Tan A Tie, 422 University of Riau, 195 Tanjungpinang urban development, 283–89, 291–92 population, 289 urbanization trends, 274–83 provincial capital, as, 192–94, 201–3, US-China trade war, 127 222–23, 289 Usman Ahmad, 302, 305 tourism, development of, 70–71 Usman Awang, 343–45 urban development. 289–91 US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, 41 Tanoesoedibjo, Hary, 224 Tanuwijaya, Haripinto, 421 V Tariqah Qodariah Wa Naqsyabandiah, value added tax (VAT), 104–5 306–7 van Hasselt, A.L., 161–62, 165 “Team of Nine”, 195 venture capital, 93–94, 97 Tedy Jusuf, 419, 425 Vihara Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, temple, 71, Telekom Malaysia Berhad, 94 417–18 Territorial Sea and Maritime Districts village-owned enterprises, see BUMDES Ordinance, 165 Village Potential (PODES) data, 277, 294 “territorial sea ordinance”, 153 VOC (Dutch East India Company), 160, 163, Temasek Foundation International, 93, 95 394 Tengku Ibrahim bin Tengku Omar, 350 Voice of America, 303 Tengku Tengah, 348–49 terrorism, 299, 303, 305, 307 W ThaiBurma railway, 166 wage council, 244–45 Thee Kian Wie, 420 wage, minimum, 118, 240, 242, 244, 246–48, Titian Resources Indonesia LTD, 121 250–51, 288, 440

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Wahhabi-Salafism, 299–308, 440 Xinjiang, 299 wastes, disposal, 325 XL Axiata, 94 wastewater treatment, 328–29 Water and Marine Pollution Control, Y Department of, 315 Yiguandao, salvationist sect, 418 West Natuna Exploration LTD, 121 YL Invest Co. Ltd. Japan, 329 Why Must We Have Independence? Tears Yom Kippur War, 301 and Blood of Riau People in Fighting for “Youth Pledge”, 338 Dignity, book, 193 YouTube, 304, 344 Wilhelmina, Queen, 163 Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 41, 63, 223, Wiluan, Kris Taenar, 422 239 World Bank, 96 World War II, 8, 153 Z X Zainal Abidin Shamsudin, 305 Xiaomi, 47, 422 Zein Alatas, 304

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