Report: from Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections the Economy Monitoring the 16Th Economic Policy Package

Volume XII, No. 2 - March 2018 ISSN 1979-1976

Monthly Review on Economic, Legal, Security, Political, and Social Affairs

Main Report: From Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections The Economy Monitoring the 16th Economic Policy Package . Challenges in Enhancing the Role of E-Commerce in Indonesia . Politics The Threats of Hate Speech in Political Years . Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the . Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified Social Identifying Work Motivation of Health Workers . in Indonesian Remote Areas Protecting Women from Sexual Harassment in KRL . Problems Facing the KLJ (Jakarta Senior Citizen Card) in 2018 . ISSN 1979-1976

CONTENTS

FOREWORD ...... 1

MAIN REPORT From Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections ...... 2

THE ECONOMY Monitoring the 16th Economic Policy Package...... 5 Challenges in Enhancing the Role of E-Commerce in Indonesia 9 POLITICS The Threats of Hate Speech in Political Years...... 12 Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified...... 15

SOCIAL Identifying Work Motivation of Health Workers in Indonesian Remote Areas...... 19 Protecting Women from Sexual Harassment in KRL...... 22 Problems Facing the KLJ (Jakarta Senior Citizen Card) in 2018 25

INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE...... 28

RESEARCH PROGRAMS, SURVEY AND EVALUATION. 30 PUBLIC DISCUSSION...... 33 TRAINING & WORKING GROUP FACILITATION...... 34

Contributors : Adinda Tenriangke Muchtar ( Coordinator ), Arfianto Purbolaksono, Endah Setyaningsih, Fadel Basrianto, Riski Wicaksono, Umi Lutfiah. Editor: Awan Wibowo Laksono Poesoro FOREWORD

Gender inequality in our legislative bodies is an unsolved problem. This has resulted in women becoming less involved in policy-making and in policies that are not gender sensitive. The main report of the March 2018 edition of the Indonesian Update raises this issue. In relation to the International Women’s Day, it calls on political parties to support female legislative candidates.

On the economy, the Indonesian Update discusses “the Challenges to Improve the Roles of E-Commerce in Indonesia and “the 16th Economic Package”. On political affairs, it talks about “Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified” and “the Threats of Using Hate Speech in Political Campaigns”.

On social affairs, it discusses “the provision of women-only railway carriages” and the launch of the Jakarta Senior Citizen Cards. It also talks about financial and non-financial motives for health workers to work in remote places.

The regular publication of the Indonesian Update with its actual themes is expected to help policy makers in government and business environment -- as well as academics, think tanks, and other elements of civil society, both within and outside the country, to get the actual information and contextual analysis of economic, legal, political, cultural and social developments in Indonesia, as well as to understand the public policy in Indonesia.

Happy Reading.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 1 Main Report

From Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections

Currently, gender inequality in our Parliament is still an unresolved problem. In the 2014 elections, the number of women who become members of the House of Representatives was only 17.32 percent of the total number of members of the House of Representatives. This figure was lower than that of the 2009 General Election, which was at a women representation level of 17.86 percent. According to international standards, women’s representation level in our Parliament is too low. At the ASEAN level, the level of representation of our women is currently in the sixth position. The first position is occupied by the Philippines, whose female representation reaches a level 29.50 percent. Compared to the global level with an average representation level of 23.60 percent, we are also far below (Tirto.id, 07/09/2017). Therefore, it is necessary to review the strategy of increasing women’s representation within our parliamentary bodies. Moreover, the 2019 elections are approaching. The Urgency to Increase Women’s Participation The issue of gender inequality within our representative institutions has further implications. According to Melani, the Chair of the Presidium of Women’s Caucus in the Parliament of the Republic of Indonesia (KPPRI), currently, there are many laws produced by the Parliament, whose drafting did not optimally involve women. This has led to many issues that do not gender sensitive (KoranJakarta. com, 16/11/2017). One example of the seriousness of legislative work that is related to women’s issues is the deliberation of the Bill on the Elimination of Sexual Violence. This Bill has not been passed even though it has been included in Prolegnas since 2016. However, until the third

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 2 Main Report session of the House of Representatives ended, the bill has not passed. Meanwhile, according to the data collected by the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (KPP-PA), the number of cases of sexual violence each year had increased by 10 percent (Okezone.com, 30/05/2016). The marginalization of women’s issues in the legislative processes was also evident when the House of Representatives prioritized the passing of the Revision of the MD3 Law rather than finishing the Sexual Violence Bill. Therefore, increasing the representation of women has become an urgent need. Ending the 30 Percent Debate The efforts to increase women’s representation in the Parliament have actually been initiated through legislations that provide political affirmation to women. It started from Law Number 31 Year 2002 on Political Parties to the amendment of Law no. 7 of 2017 on General Elections. The legislations require that political parties have at least 30 percent of women in the party leadership. In addition, the General Elections Commission has also issued a regulation that in the lists of candidates in electoral regions, there should be at least 30 percent of women. This means that there should be one female candidate in every legislative candidates. The reason for setting a threshold of at least 30 percent is based on the research by the United Nations (UN). According to the UN, a percentage of 30 percent is a minimal threshold that can decide a policy that can bring about a change. In other words, the current legislation are adequate to increase the number of women’s representation in the DPR. On that basis, the writer considers that the issue of low level of representation of women is not due to the low quota of women, but due to the parties not giving political space for women to become female legislative candidates. In the 2009 General Elections, the total number of nominations of women candidates in the House of Representatives reached a level of 33.6 percent. In the 2014 elections, the figure rose to a level of 37 percent. However, the total number of representatives decreased, from 17.86 percent in the 2009 elections to 17.32 percent in the 2014 elections (Ardiansa, 2016). The data indicated that the increased number of female candidates did not necessarily increase women’s representation directly.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 3 Main Report

The seriousness of political parties in helping women legislative candidates to win can be questioned as the parties only involve women as administrators or as candidates but only for the sake of formality. This has something to do with the law stipulating that parties that can qualify as electoral participants are parties that have at least 30 percent level of women’s representation in the ranks of the central board of political parties. In fact, they often recruit women only to meet the requirement of the registration processes. This can be done by recruiting women who are close to party officials. In other words, most political parties still do not see women’s representation as a party’s need and only see women as burdens. This can also be seen from the representation and the number of women in political parties. The results of the KPU verification on 02 February 2018 on the decision of political parties participating in the 2019 General Elections 2019 show the percentage of women in each political party. From the data, only one new political party, the Indonesian Solidarity Party, which has the highest level of female representation (66 percent) compared to the other political parties.

Source: Antara news/KPU The paradigm of representation as being a party’s expenses contributes to the low level of electability of women candidates. With the paradigm of women as a complementary requirement, female legislative candidates are only placed at the bottom of the candidate lists. The first priorities are still candidates who usually have more resources. According to a research by Puskapol UI, in the 2009 and 2014 elections, as many as 60 percents of the candidates at the top of the candidate lists won the legislative elections.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 4 Main Report

Secondly, there are no adequate supports from political parties It is time we choose a to help female legislative candidates win the elections. Female more progressive way of improving women’s candidates must map and gather their sympathizers. Third, political representation in the parties often recruit women candidates without considering the House. capacity of candidates, as the recruitments are only intended to qualify to participate in elections. The female candidates lack both capital resources and social capital. As a result, it is not uncommon for women candidates to get the least number of votes as they do not have supporters. Therefore, there should be a fresh strategy to increase women’s representation.

From the Affirmation of Quotas Moved to Help Women Win the Elections Considering the above data, it is necessary to propose further ways to increase women’s representation in the DPR. After the legislations that ensure that political parties involve women as much as possible (30 percent) and after the KPU regulations that also require that political parties nominate women in every electoral area, with a minimum nomination level of 30 percent, it is time for us to have the next strategy. A further strategy to increase the level of the election of female candidates is to provide incentives for political parties whose the numbers of elected female candidates are at the highest level. The incentives should not be material incentives but opportunities to lead discussions in the DPR, especially those related to women’s issues. They can inject the party agenda items into the policy- making processes. With such incentives, the involvements of women in political parties are no longer perceived as burdens but as a party’s necessity. In fact, if these incentives are to be standardized as legal norms, political parties will be competing to increase the election of their female legislative candidates. On the other hand, this approach can bring women legislators closer to the drafting of legislation related to women’s issues in the DPR. Of course, this way can be realized if there is a political will between the election organizers, the House of Representatives, and the government. Civil society groups are needed to continue to put some pressure on the implementation of this idea.

- Fadel Basrianto -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 5 The Economy

Monitoring the 16th Economic Policy Package

The Government is currently in the process of formulating the 16th Economic Policy Package. According to the Coordinator of the Special Staff Members to the Minister of Economic Affairs, Edy Putra Irawady, the Government is focusing on completing the parts of the economic policy package that are related to the export and import trade systems. He added that one of the things set out in the policy package was the elimination of the recommendations on the imports of industrial raw materials (kontan.co.id, 1/29).

In addition, the Deputy for Macroeconomic and Financial of the Minister of Economic Affairs, Iskandar Simorangkir, stated that in the policy package existing and new export-based industries existing that will invest in the country will be given incentives, such as tax allowance and tax holiday. As a requirement, new companies should provide many new jobs, high investment, and the use of the latest technology that is able to create added values (kontan.co.id, 25/02).

The Jokowi-JK government economic policies So far, the Jokowi-JK government has issued 15 policy packages in the economic field. However, some parties argue that the implementations of the policy packages still have not been optimal. Ac- cording to a statement form Sanny Iskandar, the secretary of the Indonesian Employers Association (Apindo), packages that have been issued by the government have not been effective, because there is a weak level of coordination between ministries and local government (kontan.co. id, 30/8/2017).

The author considers that the economic policy has bring a signifi- cant impact on the rise of Indonesia’s ranking in the ease of doing business index (EoDB). According to the 2018 World Bank survey on EoDB Index, Indonesia ranks 72nd out of 190 countries, improving 42 ranks compared to that in 2015 (rank 114 out of 189). How-

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 6 The Economy ever, the increasing level of ease of doing business in the country has not been accompanied by the improving economic growth. In the last three years, 2015-2017, the average rate of economic growth has not been able to reach the targets. In addition, according to BPS data, the Indonesian economy at the end of 2017 grew by 5.07%, or only increased by 0.79% over the previous year. Furthermore, labor absorption level is also still low, particularly from foreign investment. According to the data of the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), in 2015 investment provided jobs for about 900 thousand people; in 2016, investment only provided jobs for around 700 thousand people; and by June 2017, investment has provided jobs for 350 thousand people. Moreover, the low rate of economic growth has occurred partly because of the low level of productivity in the country. See the dia- gram below.

Source : Badan Pusat Statistik 2017, data processed

The agricultural sector is one of the export sectors in Indonesia. However, the productivity of the sector in 2017 is still very low, which is only at a level of 2%. Agriculture is the largest sector that can absorb workers, as many as 33.36 million according to the data in August 2017 (http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id, 12/1/2017). The sector that has the highest export contribution is the process- ing industry, at a level of 75% . This was followed by the mining sector (14%) and the oil sector (9%).

Indonesia’s exports and imports still have many problems that attract complaints from businesses. The obstacles include: time con- straints and the cost and administrative management of import-export licensing documents. In addition, there are restrictive policies on the imports of certain raw materials, so the policies can be bur-

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 7 The Economy densome for some local businesses that utilize imported raw mate- Incentives for businesses rials in the production processes. and investors, the ease of doing business, Recommendations the review on some restrictions on some types of imported The author argues that the government’s plans to publish the 16 raw materials, the Economic Package will include the introduction of appropriate improved coordination import-export steps. At the moment, the current exports and im- amongst the central ports systems are still problematic in the implementations. Thus, government’s ministries, the presence of this policy package is expected to make an incentive and the coordination for businesses and investors in order to raise the productivity and between the central competitiveness of the domestic market. In addition, the ease of and local governments are essential in doing business in the country will be able to increase the coopera- implementing an tion in the international trade, as market shares expands. effective economic policy package. Therefore, there needs to be a review on the policy of banning some types of imported raw materials. There is also Trade Minister Regulation No. 30 /M-DAG/PER/5/2017 that restricts the imports of horticultural products, such as vegetables and fruits. The restrictions on imported goods are sometimes required in order not to shut down the domestic market, but the mechanism of the implementations should be reviewed, taking into account various aspects, such as the number of requests, the agricultural climate in the country and the availability of stocks of raw materials.

Furthermore, at the same time the central government should also improve and strengthen the coordination between ministries as well as the coordination between the central and local governments re- garding the implementation of policy packages. For example, there should be an integrated database system from the central to local governments to accommodate all the information and procedures of the policies that are implemented.

The existence of an integrated information system is expected to facilitate each area to prepare and implement the appropriate policy packages. These policy recommendations should be carefully considered in the implementation of the 16 Economic Policy Package.

- Riski Wicaksono -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 8 The Economy

Challenges in Enhancing the Role of E-Commerce in Indonesia

On July 21, 2017, President Jokowi signed Presidential Decree (Perpres) No. 74 l/2017 on the National Road Map-Based Elec- tronic Trading System (Road Map E-Commerce) for 2017-2019 (http://setkab.go.id, 10/8/2017). According to Article 3 Perpres No. 74/2017, the E-Commerce Road map aims to provide a strategic direction and guidance in accelerating the implementation of the National electronic-based trading system.

The Perpres issuance showed the the government’s optimism towards the role of e-commerce in supporting the national economy. According to 2016 economic census by BPS, the number of businesses involved in e-commerce experienced growth of a level of around 17% over the last ten years. The number had reached a level of 26.2 million units (http://liputan6.com, 20/5/2017). The upward trend in electronic transactions is predicted to continue to rise as the internet network facilities in the country grow.

According to survey results by Indonesian Internet Service Provid- ers Association (APJII) in 2017, the total number of internet users reached a level of 143.26 million, and the value increased by 7.96% if compared to the previous year. In addition, the average internet user community is dominated by the young age group (ie 19-35 years), with a level portion of 49.52% (Data APJJI, 2017).

Better internet access is suspected to be one of the important factors for the increased activities through online transactions. The condition is reinforced by the findings of the Social Research and Monitoring Soclab.co, in which of the total Internet users in 2015, as many as 77% were looking for product information and online shopping (http://tribunnews.com, 2/20/2017).

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 9 The Economy

Challenges for the Government

The government’s move to issue Perpres No. 74 of 2017 on E-Com- merce Road Map for 2017-2019 should be appreciated. The Perpres is expected to optimize and monitor the role of e-commerce in In- donesia. However, so far there are still some challenges faced by the government. According to the opinion of Suhariyanto, the head of BPS, the BPS has not found a formula to accurately collect data related to the values and volume of transactions, the sellers, the buyers, investment, payment methods, manpower and technology (https://www.viva.co.id, 2/14/2018).

Meanwhile, the Indonesia E-Commerce Association (idEA), has expressed its fears of the perpetrators of e-commerce. This has been caused by several things. First, those e-commerce establishments are not yet public companies, which are not required to provide personal data. Secondly, if the data are released, there are worries that they will have difficulties in finding funds from investors. Third, in relation to taxation, it is feared that data given by the perpetrators of e-commerce can be accessed by the tax authorities so that it can be used to determinate tax loopholes (https://ekonomi. akurat.co/id,12/16/2017).

Taxation has also become one of the challenges for the tax authorities, because e-commerce is a unique business that has many business models. According to Taxation Regulation SE-62/PJ/2013, e-commerce is classified in four models, including: online market- place, classified ads and and online retail. In addition, because the transactions are done through the virtual world, the challenge is to determine the exact amount of tax.

Recommendations

Based on previous exposures, the author argues that in order to optimize the role of e-commerce, the government, in this case the BPS, should immediately undertake a data collection on the activities of e-commerce. The data can be used as an analysis for the direction of economic policy. For example, they can be used to anal- yse the contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the level of absorption of the labor force, the level of competitiveness, and the contribution to tax revenues.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 10 The Economy

Then, in realizing the Road Map E-Commerce, the equality of the E-commerce should internet network infrastructure throughout Indonesia needs to. be managed properly good. According to the 2017 data, currently the majority of inter- in order for the net users are concentrated in Java region, at a level of 58.08%. If e-commerce to become these conditions are allowed, the inequality gap between Java re- a new potential to contribute to gion and the region outside will be higher. the economy. This management will Furthermore, local governments also have a role in developing the include activities such SMEs businesses through e-commerce; for example by facilitat- as collecting data ing the establishments of start-ups, the ease of access to credit, of e-commerce, the marketing, as well as the ease of doing business through policies facilitation of start-up that protect economic freedom and support entrepreneurship. In businesses, the ease of access to credit, and the the era of digital economy, currently e-commerce provides a great facilitation of marketing opportunity to enhance the competitiveness and development of products in order local SMEs. In the end, through e-commerce, local SMEs will also to contribute to the be able to improve the regional economy. economy.

- Riski Wicaksono -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 11 Politics

The Threats of Hate Speech in Political Years

The Directorate of Cybercrime of the Indonesian National Police (INP) Criminal Investigation Department and the Directorate of Special Security of the INP Intelligence and Security Agency managed to unravel the syndicate that had been spreading provocative issues and hate speech on social media. The syndicate is called the Family of the Muslim Cyber Army (MCA) (kompas.com, 26/2).

The arrest of the members of the MCA group is one of the Police’s responses to the increase in the frequency of hate speech on social media today. Previously, according to an annual report of Amnesty International on the human rights situation in the world, throughout 2017 the number of political practices of using hateful speech is increasing worldwide. This has led to violations of human rights.

Hate speech has a variety of definitions fom various sources. In general, a speech of hatred can be interpreted as active prejudice active or prejudice that appears in the public domain by means of speeches, campaigns, banners / pamphlets, sermons / religious lec- tures, social media, and speeches in the demonstrations that have attacked primordial,tribal, religious issues and also beliefs, races, and groups (Syahayani, 2015).

According to Amnesty International, Indonesia’s political practices of using hateful speech are done through a number of issuess. The first issue is the allegations of the resurrection of the PKI. Second,the speech of hatred that is based on religious sentiments, which started to heat up since the elections in DKI in 2017. In addition, Amnesty International Indonesia also predicts that hatred speech willstill occur in 2018-2019. In 2018, there will be simultane- ous direct local elections in 171 regions. Meanwhile, in 2019 there will be legislative elections (Pileg) and the elections of the President and Vice-President (Kompas.com, 22/2).

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 12 Politics

Agreeing with these predictions, the author believes that getting closer to the elections, the frequency of speech of hatred will increase. This is because the hatred speech will be used to be one of thecampaign strategies to attack and bring down political oppo- nents.

Hatred speech and acts of intolerance first emerged in the 2014 presidential elections. One of the examples is an ad titled ‘rest in peace’ Jokowi. In the ad, Jokowiwas said to have died on May 4, 2014 at 15:30 pm. The ad maker also wrote down the name of Ir. Hambertus Joko Widodo and Hong Liong Oey. There was also the issue of stating Prabowo of having psychiatric disorders.

Hatred speech had then increased prevalently during the 2017 elections in Jakarta. Starting from the blasphemy case involving incumbent Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok alias), which spurredthe increase in the frequency of hate speech that was linked to racial issues during the election in DKI Jakarta in 2017. After the political commotion, the 2017 Democracy Index of the Economist Intelligence Unit reported that Indonesia dropped 20 positions in the rankings from number 48 to 68 (dw.com, 2/2).

Article 69 b, Act No. 10/2016 on the Elections of Governors, Re- gents, Mayors and Article 280 c, Act No. 7/2017 state that campaigns should not be done by way of insulting someone, race, eth- nicity, religion, groups and other candidates and participants.

According to the author, the use of hate speech in campaigns will be detrimental to voters. As we all know, campaigns are important activities that take place during political contestations. Citing Pfau and Parrot (in Gun Gun Heryanto, 2013) , the purpose of campaigns is to influence the target audience. In addition to influencing the communities to choose a candidate, campaigns are also means of political education for the communities.

Therefore, according to the author, first, it is very important to re- mind regional head candidates or parties participating in the 2019 Elections 2019 to create educative political campaigns. Campaigns should educate the voters about the views and ideas of the participants of the elections. The debates over views and ideas are aimed at improving public awareness about democracy. Therefore, the campaign should be done as political education in order to establish a more democratic society that respects diversity.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 13 Politics

Second, the electoral administrative agencies, the KPU and Bawas- The use of hatred lu, in cooperation with the INP should give firm punishments for speech is not a good candidates, political parties, campaign teams and support team of political education. volunteers that use hatred speech in their campaigns. Voters must be clever and wise in digesting the information and in Third, encourage the State Cyber and Code Agency (BSSN) to casting their votes. strengthen the coordination of relevant institutions in order to strictly control the disseminators of hate speech through social media. Thefirst step to do is to monitor the accounts on social media that spread hate speech. If it is proved legally that these accounts bring negative impacts, then BSSN together with law enforcement officials must carry out legal processes that are transparent, ac- countable, and firm, while at the same time continuing to protect the principle of the freedom of expression of every citizen.

- Arfianto Purbolaksono -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 14 Politics

Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified

The General Elections Commission (KPU) has issued a rule prohibiting political parties to conduct political campaign in print media, electronic mass media, on the internet and rallies for 7 months, from February 17th 2018 to 23 September 2018. The ban is a de- rivative of a campaign provision stipulated in Article 276 Paragraph 2 of Act No. 7/2017 on the General Elections.

The article regulates that election campaigns as referred to in Ar- ticle 275 Paragraph 1 Letters f and g are carried out for 21 (twenty one) days and end with the start of the Quiet Period. The campaign methods as referred to in Article 275 are: • closed meetings; • face-to-face meetings; • the distribution of campaign materials to the public; • the installation of props in public places; • social media; • advertising in print media, electronic mass media, and on the Internet; • general meetings; • the candidate pair debates on programs; and • other activities that do not violate the ban on election campaign and the provisions of the legislation.

Wahyu Setiawan, a KPU Commissioner, explained that the policy was taken as a form of justice for all political parties participating in the 2019 General Elections. Therefore, not all political parties have access to campaigns, particularly in the mass media (liputan6.com, 27/2).

The supervision will be carried out by the Campaign Task Force consisting of KPU RI, Bawaslu RI, KPI RI and the Press Council.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 15 Politics

They will set up rules and oversee the media campaign on television, in print media, online, and on radio (mediaindonesia.com, 27 / 2).

The Polemics over the Commission’s Rule

The rule has drawn protests from new political parties in Indone- sia. The Secretary General of the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI), Raja Juli Antoni, has criticized the new rule of the campaigns. Ac- cording to him, the provision has made the PSI as a new party not having sufficient opportunities to promote the party to prospective voters (kompas.com, 26/2).

A similar thing has also been expressed by the Garuda Party. Ga- ruda Party Secretary General Abdullah Mansuri said that the new provision is unfair for new political parties. According to him, Garu- da Party requires a sufficient time to ward off a variety of slanders directed towards his party (kompas.com, 26/2).

The author argues that it is natural that political parties object to the Commission’s decision, especially the long period of banning campaigns in the media. Except for Perindo Party, new parties like PSI, the Working Party, and the Garuda Party will need a longer campaign period than the old parties.

This was reflected in a survey on the electability of political parties in Indonesia, which was released in February 2018 by Indone- sia Poltracking. In the survey, Perindo had the highest electability amongst the new parties with 2.1 percent. It was followed by PSI with a 1.1 percent. While in this survey, Working Party and the Par- ty Garuda did not enter the list of parties chosen by the public.

Furthermore, a there is a second survey by Populi Center that was released on February 28, 2018. The survey results were not much different from those of Indonesia Poltracking survey. Perindo Party was a new party that had the highest level of electability by gaining 3.9 percent of votes. This was followed by PSI with 0.3 percent and 0.1 percent gain Working Party. Meanwhile, Garuda Party does not enter the list of political parties that support the community.

According to the results of two surveys, it is clear that public support for the new parties is still very low, with the exception of Per- indo Party, which is supported by the mass media network through MNC Group.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 16 Politics

Furthermore, according to the author, in this rule, there is the un- clear use of social media for the benefits of the campaignz. If we look at Article 275 and 276 of Law No. 7 In 2017, social media is media that is not prohibited in the time before entering the election campaigns. Thus, political parties can conduct political campaigns through social media.

The Commission has stated that campaign using mass media is prohibited before the campaign to achieve justice for all parties. Ac- cording to the author, campaigns that use different social media campaigns through conventional mass media such as print, television, and radio, actually make the competition fairer and more open among the participants of the 2019 Elections.

Campaigns using Social Media

Andrew Chadwick (2006) mentions that there are three points on how to use the Internet, Social media today can affect the land- scape of political parties. Chadwick said that the Internet increased the party competition. Small parties or new parties that have limited resources can take advantage of social media as a medium, which is cheap, and also more accessible. They can compete with major parties that have stronger resources. The Internet allows small political parties to reach out to potential supporters .

Second, social media can enhance people’s interactions with political parties and candidates. The public has more access to the aspirations of the political parties and candidates. At the same time, political parties and candidates can coordinate their supports more easily and quickly mobilize them; for example, at the time of the campaign.

The third one is institutional adaptation. The institutional adaptation is the shift of political activities to the Internet. Political parties and candidates can take advantage of the Internet to reproduce the same trend as in off-line politics. Via the internet, political parties and candidates can prepare more effective communication strategies.

Noted

Based on the findings and opinions above, there are some decisions related to the campaign ban in the lead-up to the 2019 elections. First, the KPU and Bawaslu need to examine the role of the cam-

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 17 Politics paign and allow campaigns through social media. This is because Using social media in social media is an alternative media channel that can be used by campaigns is different all parties. Thus, this can address the concerns over the issue of with campaigns via injustice. conventional mass media, such as print media, television, and Second, the Campaign Task Foce as mentioned above should begin radio. Campaigns to keep an eye on social media accounts across various platforms through social media officially owned by political parties. The should not contain hate actually open fairer speech and hoax and that may cause material and non-material competitions that are losses. open to all participants of the 2019 elections. Third, political parties should not only take advantage of social media by using the traditional media approach of one-way communi- cations. Political parties and candidates need to use social media in- teractively. Furthermore, political parties need to have social media contents that are informative, accurate, educational, engaging and interactive

- Arfianto Purbolaksono -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 18 Social

Identifying Work Motivation of Health Workers in Indonesian Remote Area

Access to health professionals and healthcare services for every human being in the world is essential. In Indonesia, health professionals are defined as doctors, dentists, specialists, nurses, midwives, nutritionists, pharmacists, and other health workers. Health workers are ‘the spearheads’ in achieving health development goals, particularly in the implementations of healthcare services.

However, to date, an equal distribution of health workers has not been achieved in many countries in the world, including Indonesia. As a result, it affects the access to basic healthcare services. WHO (2012) pointed out the importance of managing health workers, especially in the remote areas in order to enhance the health status of a community.

In Indonesia, according to Indonesia’s Ministry of Health Decree number 949/2007, there are two categories of areas; namely, remote and very remote areas. These areas are defined based on their geographical locations, the area’s access to transportation and their social economy. According to UNFPA (2011), less than 50% of the total population lived in urban areas, which meant that more than 60% of the total population lived in rural areas. Yet, the availability of health professionals in rural areas was lower than in urban areas.

DKI Jakarta has the highest ratio of physicians to population (38.27 doctors per 100,000 population) and Lampung has the lowest ratio of physicians to population (10.44 physicians per 100,000 population). For dentists, the latest figures indicate a high ratio of dentists to population in DKI Jakarta (10.11 per 100,000 population) and the lowest is in Maluku (1.67 dentists per 100,000 population). The areas that have met the national standards in terms of the ratio of nurses to population are DKI Jakarta, East Kalimantan, Kepu- lauan Bangka Belitung, Aceh, Maluku, Sulawesi Utara, Bengkulu and Jambi. The lowest ratio of nurses to population can be found in Lampung (49.44 nurses per 100,000 population).

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 19 Social

For midwives, several areas in Indonesia that have met the national standards in terms of the ratio of midwives to population are Aceh, Bengkulu, Maluku Utara and Jambi. On the other hand, West Jawa has the lowest ratio of midwives to population. This situation indi- cates that there are still substantial staffing gaps or inconsistency in the availability of health workers in Indonesia. As a result, the ef- fort in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity will remain compromised.

Therefore, it is important to understand the key factors that can attract and retain health workers in remote areas, thus unequal distribution can be addressed. Some studies in Indonesia and other countries indicate that one of the key factors that attract health workers in remote areas is generous financial incentives provided by the government or management (Efedi et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2015; Freshywot et al., 2010;).

The government of Indonesia has introduced various policies in order to improve the distribution of health workers by providing generous financial incentives, particularly for the nationally contracted based health workers (Pegawai Tidak Tetap or PTT). The more difficult an area for a health worker to access, the higher the incentives offered to work there (See Table 1).

Table 1. Monthly Salary and Incentives for Nationally Contracted Based Health Workers

Focusing solely on financial incentives policies, such as generous salary, retirement package, and financial allowance, is not considered as an effective approach to attract health workers to remote post- ings, as well as retaining them in workplaces. Some studies point out that non-financial incentives have potential to attract as well as retain health workers in remote areas. These include self-actual- ization, career development, training, support from management,

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 20 Social good working condition, support from the community, personal Health workers are motivation, and culture as well as belief systems (Setyaningsih, motivated to work 2017; Jack et al., 2013; Zinnen et al. 2012; Doloe et al., 2010; Pena and stay in their et al., 2010; and Dieleman et al., 2003). workplaces because of a combination of factors, such as It can be concluded that health workers are motivated to work and a combination of stay in their workplaces because of a combination of factors, such financial and non- as a combination of financial and non-financial incentives. Work financial incentives. motivation is complex as it involves transactional process between Work motivation is personal and environmental factors. In order to understand the complex as it involves complexity of the work motivation, some studies have categorized transactional process three key factors that attract and retain health workers in remote between personal and environmental factors. areas; namely, personal factors (personal characteristics and the capacity of the candidate), organizational factors (salary, allowance, and advancement opportunity), and societal factors (culture and belief systems).

Thus, there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach of crafting a policy or strategy in order to attract and retain health workers in remote areas. Rather, it is important to consider the local context that might improve the effectiveness of recruiting and retaining health workers, particularly in undesired areas. Therefore, the government of Indo- nesia needs to develop policies that encompass these three main factors (i.e. personal, organisational, and societal factors). Based on the above explanations, I would like to recommend a strategy that might attract and retain health workers in remote areas. It focuses on four aspects that I call the ‘LIVE’ approach – Local hire; Invest- ing in career options; Value and beliefs; Evolution of training system for health workers.

- Endah Setyaningsih - Research Associate The Indonesian Institute -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 21 Social

Protecting Women from Sexual Harassment in KRL

In May 2013, Kereta Khusus Wanita (the women-only railway trains, or KKW) officially had been eliminated by PT. KCJ (KAI Commuter Jabodetabek). The decision had been taken because the number of passengers increased significantly during pick hours (http://www. bbc.com, 19/2/2018). The two women-only railway cars will still be provided in each train, at the front and at the rear of the train.

The Increasing Number of KRL Passengers

The Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) informed that the female passengers were at the level of 46.5 percent (Jour- nal of Economics and Business Aseanomics Vol. 2 No.1 Jan-Jun 2017). Graphic 1 gives us information that 45 percent of passengers were women. So, we can get the comparison between the numbers of male and women passengers

Graphic 1. Total Number of Passengers and Women Passen- gers in KRL Jabodetabek 2006-2017

*in thousand Source: https://www.bps.go.id, 15/2/2018

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 22 Social

Until August 2017, PT KCJ had had 758 trains with two women-only wagons in each train. With the average growth of passengers of around 13.8 percent per year, PT KCJ has targeted to have around 1.450 trains in 2019 (www.krl.co.id, 15/2/2018). Therefore, PT KCJ has to invest a lot in the procurement of more trains.

The anticipation of the spikes in the number of passengers will be done by having KRLs that have twelve wagons. Until 2018, there have been sixteen trains that have twelve wagons. Unfortunately, the addition of train wagon is not accompanied by the addition of women-only wagon in each train. The special women wagons are still two for each train. If we look at the comparison of male and female passengers, we can see that the number of women-only wagons currently available is very unreasonable.

The Danger for Women Passengers

The presence of women-only passenger cars is one of the commit- ments and efforts by PT KCJ to minimize the physical contacts between male and female passengers. In fact, there are many female passengers who choose to use regular wagons because they feel uncomfortable in the women-only wagon. This feeling appears for several reasons, such as the women-only wagons are too crowded, so crude actions amongst female passengers are difficult to avoid. Many female passengers are too selfish, often arguing for seats, and not even giving seats for priority passengers.

The female passengers feel not to use women-only wagons, and prefer to choose the regular wagons. It is not impossible that their choice is very risky considering the regular wagons will be very full, especially at the pick hours.

One of the risks if women use the regular wagons is the cases of sexual violence, including physical, verbal, gestures, written or pictorial, and also psychological and emotional abuse (Draft RUU Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual, 20/2/2018). In 2015, the cases of sexual harassments in KRL reached third teen cases. It reached twelve cases in 2017, and two cases have already happened in the beginning of this year (www.kompasiana.com, 15/2/2018).

What we have to know is that numbers above only include the cases that have been reported to the officers, not including cases that are unknown and not reported for many reasons, such as shame, fear, or unwillingness to follow relatively long reporting procedures.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 23 Social

Recommendations Sexual harassment often haunts women An appreciation should be given to PT KCJ because it has been passengers in KRL. trying to provide KKW and women-only wagons, although the ex- Some of the things istence of KKW has been abolished and number of the women-only needed to deal with the problems are provide wagons are still limited. PT KCJ must be consistent in preventing KKW, increasing the cases of sexual violence occurring within train wagons. Some of the number of the women- things that can be done are to re-provide KKW. only wagons, increasing security by adding If the KKW is considered to reducing the quota of regular trains, officers and installing then PT KCJ should add women-only wagons in every available CCTV cameras. The train. The comparison of the number of passengers by sex should awareness of society is also needed. In be the basis for calculating the number of women-only wagons. The addition, the Bill on more number of female passengers, the more number of women- Sexual Violence should only wagons we should have. be passed as soon as possible. About regulation aspect, the government should pass the Bill on the Sexual Harassments as soon as possible. This is because the law will protect all groups from sexual violence. This RUU is different from the current UU Child Protection, which specifically protects children from sexual violence (http://megapolitan.kompas. com/, 20/2/2018).

A supervision can also be increased by adding the number of officers in each train. In addition, CCTV cameras can be installed in every wagon. The cameras are expected to monitor the situations inside the wagons. If sexual violence happens on the train, the CCTV re- cords can be used as a piece of evidence and also an early detection for efforts to prevent the occurrence of sexual violence cases.

The society must also participate in preventing cases of sexual violence. For example, if we as passengers see the incidents of harassments, then we must dare to report to the officers, including if we become victims. Do not be afraid to participate as a witness or even participate in preventing sexual harassment. Passengers must also respect and protect each other to minimize any kind of sexual violence.

- Umi Lutfiah -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 24 Social

Problems Facing the KLJ (Jakarta Senior Citizen Card) in 2018

On December 21st, 2017 the Government of Jakarta symbolically launched KLJ on the National Social Solidarity (HKSN) Day at the National Monument, Central Jakarta. On that occasion, it was mentioned that in 2018 KLJ would be distributed to 14.520 elderly people from the lowest 10 percent of the income group (the poorest) who had already been registered with the Integrated Data Base (BDT) (http://megapolitan.kompas.com,21/12/2017).

In January 2018, KLJ had started with the 2018 APBD funds of DKI Jakarta. The form of assistance is a cash assistance of Rp 600,000 per month. It can be taken in Bank DKI or through an ATM. The mentoring and monitoring of the program will be carried out from the city level to the village level. To date, there are 3,063 elderly people who do not get KLJ because the BDT have not been updated and due to the lack of budget.

Clarify Requirements The Jakarta Government states that the program is intended for the elderly people in the age of over 60 years with the economic status of the poorest (10 percent lowest), who do not have a regular income, who suffer a chronic pain, and who suffer psychological or a physical problem.

These requirements should get verification from the provincial government. One of these requirements must be met in order to get the KLJ. In addition, the provincial government should determine a verification standard for the poorest economic status (10 percent lowest). For example, the government can set the income range of Rp 2,000,000 to Rp 3,000,000 per month as a benchmark for whether an elderly people can get KLJ or not. A clear definition will facilitate the enumeration officers, especially those who carry out registration at the urban village level. This is done to find a list of potential misstatements and misplaced program objectives.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 25 Social

The definitions of chronic pains should also be clarified. Which chronic pains should be included in the list. It would be better if the government gives guidance on what diseases that are categorized as chronic disease.

The next definitions are the psychological and physically problems. What is meant by psychologically and physically displaced. Should the definitions include elderly people who are not taken care of by their family and also elderly people who suffer a mental disorder. What about the neglected elderly people who live in nursing homes owned by the government and the private sector. Are they eligible to get the KLJ?

Updating the Integrated Data Base (BDT)

The Jakarta government mentioned that BDT used the 2017 database. However, the reality is not like that. Citizen have com- plained about not being registered in the BDT. This is the most widely recorded complaint filed with the Jakarta Social Affairs. The provincial government explained that this was due to the fact that the BDT used the 2015 database (http://megapolitan.kompas. com,21/12/2017).

During the 2015-2018 period, many things can happen. There could be elderly people who might have died. In addition, it is possible that there could be elderly people who have experienced a shift in their economic status. There could be elderly people who in 2015 were in the medium economic conditions but later in 2018 have fallen into the lowest economic group.

The data for the KLJ program should be always updated in order for the date to be valid for achieving the targets of the program. Updat- ing the data should be done by the government. The government should not only expect elderly people to register at village office. There should be special officer to record data of the elderly people door to door. The data collection processes should involve human resources in the village office, who will coordinate with the Local Social Service officers. This can better ensure that the elderly who have been registered are entitled to receive KLJ. This can make it easier for the elderly people because they do not need to mobilize.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 26 Social

Coordinating with the Social Ministry Verivying KLJ requirements, The government’s programs should not overlap with each other. updating the BDT, Avoiding overlaps will make the target coverage broader. Members and coordinating with of PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) do not need to be re-enrolled the Ministry of Social Affairs should be done in the KLJ Program. It is known that in 2018 the provincial govern- before the realization of ment will provide 14,520 KLJ with a total budget of Rp 104 billion. the KLJ Program. Of the 17,583 poorest elderly people who have enrolled in the BDT, there are 3,063 elderly people who cannot accept KLJ (http://www. harianumum.com,19/01/2018; http://bdt.tnp2k.go.id,13/ 2/2018). If these data of PKH Elderly program can be integrate in to the BDT, the number of the elderly people who have not yet benefitted from KLJ can be reduced.

Recommendations

The elderly people have high expectations of the KLJ program. Before launching the program, the government should make some improvements immediately: such as verifications the requirements of the program, updating the BDT with direct data collecting, and incorporating the PKH Elderly People program data to avoid over- lapping.

- Umi Lutfiah -

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 27 Institutional Profile

The Indonesian Institute (TII) ) is a Center for Public Policy Research that was established on 21 October 2004 by a group of young, dynamic activists and intellectuals. TII is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit institution, whose main funding stems from grants and contributions from foundations, companies, and individuals.

TII has the aim of becoming a main research center in Indonesia for public policy matters and has committed to giving contributions to the debates over public policies and to improving the quality of the planning and results of public policy by promoting good governance principles and public participation in the policy processes in Indonesia.

TII’s visions vision is to help the central and local governments produce public policies in Indonesia that highly uphold human rights and rule of law, as well as involving the participation of various stakeholders and practicing democratic and good governance principles.

TII’s mission is to conduct reliable research that is independent and non-partisan and to channel the research to the policy-makers, the private sector, and academia in order to improve the quality of Indonesian policy-making processes.

TII also assumes the role of disseminating ideas to the society so that they are well informed about the policies that will have good impacts on the people’s lives. In other words, TII has a position to support the democratization process and public policy reforms, as it will be involved in the processes.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 28 Institutional Profile

The scope of the research and review on public policies undertaken by TII includes economic, social, and political factors. The main activities have been conducted in order to achieve the vision and mission based on research, surveys, facilitation and advocacy through training and working groups, public discussions, public education, weekly editorial articles (“Wacana TII”), monthly analysis (“Update Indonesia” and “The Indonesian Update”), annual analysis (“Indonesian Report”), and monthly discussion forums (“The Indonesian Forum”).

Contact Details : The Indonesian Institute, Center for Public Policy Research Network Plus Building Jalan Jaksa No.4 Kec Menteng Kel Kebon Sirih Jakarta Pusat – 10340 [email protected] www.theindonesianinstitute.com

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 29 Research Programs, Survey, dan Evaluation

RESEARCH ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

The economy tends to be used as an indicator of the success of the government as a policy-maker. The economy plays an important role as one of the fundamentals of national development. Limited resources have often caused the government to face obstacles in implementing economic policies that will optimally benefit the people. The increase in the quality of the people’s critical thinking has forced the government to conduct comprehensive studies in every decision-making process. In fact, the studies will not be stopped when the policy is already in place. Studies will be continued until the policy evaluation process.

The implementation of regional autonomy that is based on Law No. 32 Year 2004 has demanded bottom-up planning processes, which are participatory in development process. However, fiscal decentralization is still seen crucial particularly for people living in the regions. This can be seen from the high number of gap, poverty, and unemployment. Therefore, there is a need for effective policy formula, which has the right targets.

TII has research focus on fiscal decentralization and sustainable development issues. Fiscal decentralization issues will focus on the discussion on financial matters, corruption, and development of local infrastructure development. With regard to sustainable development, TII focuses on productivity, competitiveness, infrastructure development and development gap. On poverty issues, TII focuses its research on social protection, human resources and employment, and government subsidy policies.

The TII Economic Research Division is present for those who are interested in the conditions of the economy. The results of the research are intended to assist policy-makers, regulators, and donor agencies in making decisions. The research that TII offers: (1) Economic Policy Analysis; (2) Regional and Sectoral Prospects; and (3) Program Evaluation.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 30 Research Programs, Survey, dan Evaluation

RESEARCH ON LEGAL AFFAIRS

According to stipulations in Law No. 12 Year 2011 on the Formulation of Laws and Regulations, every bill which will be discussed by the legislative and the executive must be complemented with an academic paper. Therefore, comprehensive research is very important and needed in making a qualified academic paper. With qualified academic papers, the bills will have strong academic foundations.

TII can offer and undertake normative and legal research related to harmonization and synchronization of laws and regulations, especially in making academic papers and bills. In addition, the research will be conducted using sociological, anthropological, and political approaches in order to produce more comprehensive academic papers and bills. It is expected that the laws and regulations will be produced through such participatory processes, which involve the writing of academic papers and also focus group discussions (FGD), which will involve the stakeholders related to the laws and regulations that will be discussed.

RESEARCH ON THE POLITICAL AFFAIRS

Since the enactment of Law No. 22 Year 1999, which was then revised through Law No. 32 Year 2004 on the Local Government, powers are no longer centralized in the central government. Based on the Law, the local governments have wider autonomy to manage their own internal affairs. With the wider regional autonomy and obligation to create good governance, the local governments are demanded to be more responsive towards public aspirations. Therefore, public policy research has become more important for local governments to analyze contexts and issues in the regions, as well as the public’s aspirations to formulate public policies.

In order to respond those needs, TII research in political affairs offers policy assessments on various policies that have already been applied or will be implemented. TII will look at socio-cultural, economic, legal, and political aspects in assessing public policies. Our research will be useful to assist governments in formulating policies that are in line with contexts, priorities, and people’s aspirations. TII also offers various breakthroughs of transformative policies that are in line with the Open Government principles’ implementation in order to increase public participation in policy processes.

Political Research Division of TII provides analysis and policy recommendations in order to generate strategic policies in the

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 31 Research Programs, Survey, dan Evaluation

strengthening of democracy and the establishment of good governance both at the national and at the local levels. Political research forms that are offered by TII are (1) Public Policy Analysis, (2) Media Monitoring, (3) Mapping & Positioning Research, (4) Need Assessment Research, (5) Survey Indicator.

RESEARCH ON THE SOCIAL AFFAIRS

Social development needs policy foundations that come from independent and accurate research. Social analysis is needed by the government, the businesspeople, academia, professionals, NGOs, and civil society to improve social development. The Social Research Division is present to offer recommendations to produce efficient and effective policies, steps, and programs on education, health, population, environment, women, children, and elderly.

Social research that TII offers: (1) Social Policy Analysis; (2) Explorative Research; (3) Mapping & Positioning Research; (4) Need Assessment Research; (5) Program Evaluation Research; and (5) Indicator Survey.

EVALUATION OF A PROJECT OR A PROGRAM

One of the activities that have been performed by TII is the qualitative evaluations of projects or programs of non- governmental organizations or governments. The evaluation activities are offered by TII in stages; that is, mid-term evaluations of the projects/programs and also the final evaluations at the end of the projects/programs.

As we know, the evaluation is an important step in the implementation of a project or program. Mid-Term Evaluations of the projects or programs are intended to look at and analyze the challenges, the overall learning takes place during the projects or programs, and to make recommendations for the continuity of the projects or programs. Meanwhile, the final evaluations allow us to view and analyze the outcomes and the lessons learned to ensure the achievements of all the objectives of the projects or programs at the end of the projects or programs.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 32 Public Discussion

THE INDONESIAN FORUM

The Indonesian Forum is a monthly discussion activity on actual issues in the political, economic, social, legal, cultural, defense, and environmental fields. TII organizes these forums as media for competent resource persons, stakeholders, policymakers, civil society activists, academicians, and the media to meet and have discussion.

Themes that have been raised were the ones that have caught public attention, such as migrant workers, social conflicts, domestic politics, and local direct elections. The main consideration in picking a theme is sociological and political reality and the context of the relevant public policy at the time that the Indonesian Forum is delivered.

It is expected that the public can get the big picture of a particular event as the Indonesian Forum also presents relevant resource persons.

Since its inception, the Indonesian Institute is very aware of the passion of the public to get discussions that are not only rich in substance but also well formatted, which support balanced ideas exchanges ideas and the equal involvement of the different elements of the society.

The discussions, which are designed to only invite a limited number of participants, do not only feature idea exchanges but also regularly offer policy briefs (policy recommendations) to relevant policymakers and also summaries to the participants, especially the media people and the resource persons at the end of each discussion. Therefore, the discussions will not end without solutions.

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 33 Training & Working Group Facilitation

LOCAL COUNCIL TRAINING

The roles and functions of local councils in monitoring local governments are very important. They need to ensure that participative and democratic policies will be espoused. Members of provincial and regent local councils are required to have strong capacity to understand democratization matters, regional autonomy, legislative techniques, budgeting, local Politics, and political marketing. Thus, it is important to empower members of local councils.

In order for local councils to be able to response every problem that will come out as a result of any policy implemented by the central government or local governments, the Indonesian Institute invites the leaderships and members of local councils to undergo training to improve their capacity.

WORKING GROUP

The Indonesian Institute believes that a good public policy process can be held with some engagement and empowerment of the stakeholders. The Indonesian Institute takes a role as one of mediator agencies to facilitate some forums in which the Government, Council Members, Private Sectors, NGOs and Academicians can meet in interactive forums. The Indonesian Institute provides facilitation on working groups and public advocacy.

The Indonesian Institute takes the role of mediator and facilitator in order to encourage the synergy of public policy work between the stakeholders and policy makers and also to have a synergy with funding agencies (donors).

The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 34 Executive Director Researcher of Economic Affairs Adinda Tenriangke Muchtar Riski Wicaksono

Researchers of Political Affairs Board of Advisors Arfianto Purbolaksono, Fadel Basrianto Rizal Sukma Jeffrie Geovanie Researcher of Social Affairs Jaleswari Pramodawardhani Umi Lutfiah Hamid Basyaib Ninasapti Triaswati Program and Supporting Staff M. Ichsan Loulembah Hadi Joko S., Debra Yatim Administration Officer Irman G. Lanti Ratri Dera Nugraheny. Indra J. Piliang Abd. Rohim Ghazali Finance Officer: Rahmanita Saiful Mujani IT Staff : Usman Effendy Jeannette Sudjunadi Rizal Mallarangeng Desain dan Layout Sugeng Suparwoto Siong Cen Effendi Ghazali Clara Joewono

Network Plus Building Jl. Jaksa No. 4 Kelurahan Kebon Sirih, Kecamatan Menteng Jakarta Pusat 10340 Phone: (+6221) 22391920