Volume XII, No. 2 - March 2018 ISSN 1979-1976 Monthly Review on Economic, Legal, Security, Political, and Social Affairs Main Report: From Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections The Economy Monitoring the 16th Economic Policy Package . Challenges in Enhancing the Role of E-Commerce in Indonesia . Politics The Threats of Hate Speech in Political Years . Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the . Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified Social Identifying Work Motivation of Health Workers . in Indonesian Remote Areas Protecting Women from Sexual Harassment in KRL . Problems Facing the KLJ (Jakarta Senior Citizen Card) in 2018 . ISSN 1979-1976 CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................ 1 MAIN REPORT From Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections .................................. 2 THE ECONOMY Monitoring the 16th Economic Policy Package ...................... 5 Challenges in Enhancing the Role of E-Commerce in Indonesia 9 POLITICS The Threats of Hate Speech in Political Years ....................... 12 Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified ............ 15 SOCIAL Identifying Work Motivation of Health Workers in Indonesian Remote Areas ................................................................. 19 Protecting Women from Sexual Harassment in KRL ............ 22 Problems Facing the KLJ (Jakarta Senior Citizen Card) in 2018 25 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE ........................................... 28 RESEARCH PROGRAMS, SURVEY AND EVALUATION 30 PUBLIC DISCUSSION .................................................... 33 TRAINING & WORKING GROUP FACILITATION ......... 34 Contributors : Adinda Tenriangke Muchtar ( Coordinator ), Arfianto Purbolaksono, Endah Setyaningsih, Fadel Basrianto, Riski Wicaksono, Umi Lutfiah. Editor: Awan Wibowo Laksono Poesoro FOREWORD Gender inequality in our legislative bodies is an unsolved problem. This has resulted in women becoming less involved in policy-making and in policies that are not gender sensitive. The main report of the March 2018 edition of the Indonesian Update raises this issue. In relation to the International Women’s Day, it calls on political parties to support female legislative candidates. On the economy, the Indonesian Update discusses “the Challenges to Improve the Roles of E-Commerce in Indonesia and “the 16th Economic Package”. On political affairs, it talks about “Criticizing the Rule Prohibiting Campaign in the Period after the Parties Contesting the 2019 Elections are Verified” and “the Threats of Using Hate Speech in Political Campaigns”. On social affairs, it discusses “the provision of women-only railway carriages” and the launch of the Jakarta Senior Citizen Cards. It also talks about financial and non-financial motives for health workers to work in remote places. The regular publication of the Indonesian Update with its actual themes is expected to help policy makers in government and business environment -- as well as academics, think tanks, and other elements of civil society, both within and outside the country, to get the actual information and contextual analysis of economic, legal, political, cultural and social developments in Indonesia, as well as to understand the public policy in Indonesia. Happy Reading. The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 1 Main Report From Quota Affirmation to Helping Female Candidates Win in the 2019 Legislative Elections Currently, gender inequality in our Parliament is still an unresolved problem. In the 2014 elections, the number of women who become members of the House of Representatives was only 17.32 percent of the total number of members of the House of Representatives. This figure was lower than that of the 2009 General Election, which was at a women representation level of 17.86 percent. According to international standards, women’s representation level in our Parliament is too low. At the ASEAN level, the level of representation of our women is currently in the sixth position. The first position is occupied by the Philippines, whose female representation reaches a level 29.50 percent. Compared to the global level with an average representation level of 23.60 percent, we are also far below (Tirto.id, 07/09/2017). Therefore, it is necessary to review the strategy of increasing women’s representation within our parliamentary bodies. Moreover, the 2019 elections are approaching. The Urgency to Increase Women’s Participation The issue of gender inequality within our representative institutions has further implications. According to Melani, the Chair of the Presidium of Women’s Caucus in the Parliament of the Republic of Indonesia (KPPRI), currently, there are many laws produced by the Parliament, whose drafting did not optimally involve women. This has led to many issues that do not gender sensitive (KoranJakarta. com, 16/11/2017). One example of the seriousness of legislative work that is related to women’s issues is the deliberation of the Bill on the Elimination of Sexual Violence. This Bill has not been passed even though it has been included in Prolegnas since 2016. However, until the third The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 2 Main Report session of the House of Representatives ended, the bill has not passed. Meanwhile, according to the data collected by the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (KPP-PA), the number of cases of sexual violence each year had increased by 10 percent (Okezone.com, 30/05/2016). The marginalization of women’s issues in the legislative processes was also evident when the House of Representatives prioritized the passing of the Revision of the MD3 Law rather than finishing the Sexual Violence Bill. Therefore, increasing the representation of women has become an urgent need. Ending the 30 Percent Debate The efforts to increase women’s representation in the Parliament have actually been initiated through legislations that provide political affirmation to women. It started from Law Number 31 Year 2002 on Political Parties to the amendment of Law no. 7 of 2017 on General Elections. The legislations require that political parties have at least 30 percent of women in the party leadership. In addition, the General Elections Commission has also issued a regulation that in the lists of candidates in electoral regions, there should be at least 30 percent of women. This means that there should be one female candidate in every legislative candidates. The reason for setting a threshold of at least 30 percent is based on the research by the United Nations (UN). According to the UN, a percentage of 30 percent is a minimal threshold that can decide a policy that can bring about a change. In other words, the current legislation are adequate to increase the number of women’s representation in the DPR. On that basis, the writer considers that the issue of low level of representation of women is not due to the low quota of women, but due to the parties not giving political space for women to become female legislative candidates. In the 2009 General Elections, the total number of nominations of women candidates in the House of Representatives reached a level of 33.6 percent. In the 2014 elections, the figure rose to a level of 37 percent. However, the total number of representatives decreased, from 17.86 percent in the 2009 elections to 17.32 percent in the 2014 elections (Ardiansa, 2016). The data indicated that the increased number of female candidates did not necessarily increase women’s representation directly. The Indonesian Update — Volume XII, No.2 - March 2018 3 Main Report The seriousness of political parties in helping women legislative candidates to win can be questioned as the parties only involve women as administrators or as candidates but only for the sake of formality. This has something to do with the law stipulating that parties that can qualify as electoral participants are parties that have at least 30 percent level of women’s representation in the ranks of the central board of political parties. In fact, they often recruit women only to meet the requirement of the registration processes. This can be done by recruiting women who are close to party officials. In other words, most political parties still do not see women’s representation as a party’s need and only see women as burdens. This can also be seen from the representation and the number of women in political parties. The results of the KPU verification on 02 February 2018 on the decision of political parties participating in the 2019 General Elections 2019 show the percentage of women in each political party. From the data, only one new political party, the Indonesian Solidarity Party, which has the highest level of female representation (66 percent) compared to the other political parties. Source: Antara news/KPU The paradigm of representation as being a party’s expenses contributes to the low level of electability of women candidates. With the paradigm of women as a complementary requirement, female legislative candidates are only placed at the bottom of the candidate lists. The first priorities are still candidates who usually have more resources. According to a research by Puskapol UI, in the 2009 and 2014 elections, as many as 60 percents of the candidates at the top of the candidate lists won the legislative elections. The Indonesian Update — Volume XII,