The Lichens of British Columbia
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Map 116 Map 117 Synalissa Szczawinskia symphorea tsugae Map 118 Map 119 Teloschistes Usnea ceratina contortuplicatus Map 120 Map 121 Usnea Usnea hesperina esperantiana APPENDIX 1 Map 122 Map 123 Usnea nidulans Usnea rigida s. lat s. lat Map 124 Map 125 Usnea rubicunda Usnea trichodea Map 126 Map 127 Zahlbrucknerella Unknown 1 calcarea LICHENS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PART 2 – FRUTICOSE SPECIES Map 128 Unknown 2 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 Excluded species Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins was these reports are based are referable to reported for British Columbia by Klinka other species (T. Ahti, University of et al. (1989), but no specimens have been Helsinki, pers. comm., 1998). seen. This eastern North American species is not expected to occur in the west. Cladonia humilis (With.) J.R. Laundon was included in the British Columbia Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke was checklist of Noble et al. (1987), though no first reported for British Columbia by specimens were found at CANL, UBC, or VC. Otto (1968) and was later confirmed by However, C. humilis has been reliably Noble et al. (1987). Both reports are documented from northern portions of apparently based on a specimen in the American Pacific Northwest (Hammer J. Macoun’s “Canadian Lichens” series 1995), and should be searched for in adja- (No. 495), on deposit at CANL. According cent portions of British Columbia. to the label data, this collection was made “On rocks at Deer Park, Columbia River. Cladonia maxima (Asah.) Ahti was June 6th, 1890.” The record, however, is recorded for the province by Ahti (1980) suspect: C. caespiticia has an essentially and was later included in the checklist of eastern distribution in North America. Noble et al. (1987). However, the material is abundantly perforate, and can thus be Cladonia carassensis Vainio was reported referred to C. gracilis (L.) Willd. ssp. vul- for British Columbia by Noble (1982) and nerata Ahti. Cladonia maxima s. str. may Goward and Schofield (1983) and was later eventually be found in coastal Alaska (T. included in the checklist of Noble et al. Ahti, University of Helsinki, pers. comm., (1987). This species, however, has not 1998). been reliably reported from North America; the local material is apparently Cladonia nipponica Asah. has been referable to the thamnolic strain of recorded for British Columbia on several C. crispata (Ach.) Flotow. ssp. crispata. occasions, including Otto and Ahti (1967), Thomson (1984), and Noble et al. (1987). Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asah. was However, all specimens examined in con- first reported for the province by nection with this manual gave a PD- Thomson (1984) and was later included reaction, and are thus referable to in the checklist of Noble et al. (1987). C. kanewskii Oksner. Authentic material Apparently both reports were based on a of C. nipponica is known from coastal single specimen (Scotter 9973) on deposit Alaska (T. Ahti, University of Helsinki, at CANL. The material has now been exam- pers. comm., 1998), and might yet be ined using thin-layer chomatography, and found in north coastal British Columbia. was found to contain fumarprotocetraric acid alone; it can be referred to Cladonia polydactyla (Flörke) Sprengel C. chlorophaea (Sommerf.) Sprengel. was recently reported for British Columbia by Aptroot (1996). However, Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. ssp. gracilis this species is not currently accepted as is a European and eastern North occurring in North America (Esslinger American taxon first reported for British and Egan 1995); the local material can Columbia by Otto and Ahti (1967) and probably be referred to C. umbricola later by Thomson (1984) and Thomson Tønsberg and Ahti. and Ahti (1994). The specimens on which LICHENS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PART 2 – FRUTICOSE SPECIES APPENDIX 2 Continued Cladonia pseudomacilenta Asah. was first Nature, Ottawa, pers. comm., 1998). The reported for British Columbia by Otto material probably represents an unde- and Ahti (1967), and has been reported scribed taxon; it is included in this manu- several times since then, most recently by al as “Unknown 2.” Goward and Ahti (1992). However, C. pseudomacilenta is an eastern Eurasian Lempholemma isidioides (Nyl.) H. Magn. species not known to occur in North was provisionally reported as new for America (Esslinger and Egan 1995); the North America by Brodo et al. (1987), local material is referable to C. umbricola based on a specimen from the Liard River Tønsberg and Ahti. basin (Brodo 21610), on deposit at CANL. The specimen has subsequently been Cladonia thomsonii Ahti is a North examined, and appears to be referable to American arctic species first reported for Collema subparvum Degel. British Columbia by Thomson and Ahti (1994); the record, however, is probably Stereocaulon coniophyllum Lamb was referable to C. kanewskii (T. Ahti, reported for British Columbia by Noble University of Helsinki, pers. comm., et al. (1987) on the basis of a single speci- 1998). men collected in northern British Columbia (Otto 5502). The specimen is Cladonia vulcani Savicz was first record- on deposit at CANL. It has been re-exam- ed for British Columbia by Bird and Bird ined, and appears to be referable to (1973: as C. theiophila Asah.), and has S. capitellatum H. Magn; see the notes appeared in the literature several times under that species. since then, including Noble et al. (1987). This species, however, is not currently Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke was accepted as occurring in North America; first recorded for the province by the local material is probably referable to Tuckerman (1882: as S. coralloides Fr.), C. umbricola Tønsberg and Ahti. and has been reported many times since then, most recently by Noble et al. (1987). Coelocaulon muricatum (Ach.) J.R. However, no authentic specimens have Laundon (Syn. Cetraria muricata (Ach.) been seen; the local material can probably Eckfeldt) has been reported for the be referred to S. intermedium (Savicz) H. province on several occasions, most Magn. notably by Kärnefelt (1986), who provided a map of its distribution. However, no Stereocaulon saxatile H. Magn. was first consistent points of separation with reported for British Columbia by Ahti C. aculeatum (Schreber) Link could be (1962: as S. evolutoides (H. Hagn.) Frey), discerned in the British Columbia materi- and has been recorded on several occa- al; see also the notes under that species. sions since then, including Bird and Bird (1973), Thomson (1984), and Noble et al. Dictyonema moorei was reported for (1987). However, no authentic material British Columbia by Brodo (1995), based has been seen. on a specimen from the Queen Charlotte Islands. The report, however, was in error Stereocaulon subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. (I.M. Brodo, Canadian Museum of was first reported for British Columbia by APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 2 Concluded Noble et al. (1987), though no authentic misidentification (P. Halonen, University material has been seen. Several specimens of Oulu, Finland, pers. comm., 1998). labelled under this name at CANL are refer- able to S. intermedium (Savicz) Usnea merrillii Mot. was first reported for H. Magn. British Columbia by Motyka (1936), and has more recently appeared in the check- Usnea capitata Mot. was recently report- list of Noble et al. (1987). Most of the local ed for the province by Thomson and Ahti material, however, is probably referable to (1994)—apparently on the basis of a U. chaetophora Stirton. LICHENS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PART 2 – FRUTICOSE SPECIES GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS Note: Some of the terms included below asci (sing.: ascus): microscopic, saclike appear only in Part 1 of this series. structures within the ascocarp of an ascomycete, in which sexually produced AB: Alberta. spores are borne (see Figure 13d, e, i, acicular (= needle-like): long, very slen- page 18). der, and pointed. ascocarp: general term for the sexual acid: referring to rock or bark lacking free fruiting body of an ascomycete (i.e., the calcium carbonates. Most quartzites are class of fungi to which most lichens acidic (= siliceous) and most conifers have belong). Apothecia, mazaedia, and acid bark. See also base-rich. perithecia are ascocarps (see Figure 13, page 18). aeruginose: dull bluish green. ascomycete: a fungal species belonging AK: inland Alaska. to the Class Ascomycetes, in which the algae: (sing.: alga): in lichens, tiny photo- spores are produced in saclike asci. synthetic cells (also called the AT: Alpine Tundra biogeoclimatic zone: a photobiont), usually grass-green in cold, often snowy, upland zone occurring colour, from which the lichen fungus at and above treeline throughout British derives its carbohydrate requirements. In Columbia (see Table 2, page 7). some lichens the photobiont is a cyanobacterium. See page 23 [28]. AZ: Arizona. anisotomic (= uneven): branching base-rich: referring to rock or bark con- unequally, with the side-branches narrow- taining free calcium carbonates or giving er than the main stem. rise to such. Limestone and peralkaline basalt are base-rich rocks, whereas maple apothecia (sing.: -ium): in lichens, the and cottonwood are base-rich trees. See saucerlike or buttonlike fruiting bodies also acid. (ascocarps) in which the sexual spores of the fungal partner are borne. BC: British Columbia. Macroscopically, a typical apothecium BG: Bunchgrass biogeoclimatic zone: a comprises a disc and an excipulum, or treeless lowland zone of semi-arid inter- “rim” (see Figure 13, page 18). See also montane regions (see Table 2, page 7). mazaedia and perithecia. boreal: in British Columbia, pertaining apothecial rim: see excipulum. to inland regions lying to the east of the apotheciate: bearing apothecia. Rocky Mountains, and having a cool, rather continental climate (see Figure 2, arachnoid: in lichens, sparsely covered in page 4). a delicate mesh of fine fungal threads. buttoned: see omphalodisc. areolate (= platy): bearing areoles. C: in lichenology, an abbreviation for cal- areoles: in lichens, tiny, tile-like patches cium hypochlorite (in water): a reagent of cortex, each minutely separated from used to perform spot tests.