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ISSN 1346-756S Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 54 (2): 99-104 (2003)

Bivoriahengduanensis (Lichenized , ), a New from Southern China

LI-SONG WANGi, HIROSHI HARADA2, TAKAO NARUI3, CHICITA F. CULBERSON` and WILLIAM L. CULBERSON`

iKiinmingfnstitute ofBotarLM ChineseAcadenry qf'Seienee, Ileilongtan, Kiinming funnan 650204, enina; 2 3 Ndtural History imseum and institute, Chiba, Aoba-eho 955-2, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8682 .lopan; Mbiji 4Duke Pharmaceutieal Uhiversic}l Nojio 2-522-I, Ktyose, 7bkyo, 204-8588 Jmpan; Uitiversi(B Box 90338 Durham, IVC27708-O038, CLSA,

BtJ)oria hengduanensis L. S. Wang & H. Harada sp. nov., from YUnnan and Sichuan in southern

China, is characterized by a pendant thallus, pseudocyphellae spiraling around the branches, meduilary hyphae, and usnic and fumarprotocetraric acids. The closely related B. pseudocupillaris Brodo & D, Hawksw. and B. spiraltfeva Brodo & D. Hawksw, have white pseudocyphellae, andB. tortuosa Brodo

& D. L, Hawksw, is sorediate, The new species also differs from all three ofthese North American

species by chemistry.

Key werds: , BT;yoria, chemistry, China, lichenized Ascomycota, new species, OTqpogon,

Sichuan, Sulcaria, , Minnan

Alectorioid are characterized by a fruticose Materials and Methods

thallus, terete branches, a distinct cortical layer, an

arachnoid medulla without a central axis, a tre- The description ofthe external morphology is based

bouxioid photobiont, and lecanorine apothecia. on air-dried material observed under a dissecting

They are widely distributed in the world and are rep- microscope, For anatomical description, sections

resented in East Asia by Alectoria Ach. in Luyken, rnade with a razor blade were mounted in lac-

Br:voria Brodo & D. Hawksw., Btyocaulon Ktirne£ and , tophenol cotton blue (LPCB), GAW (glycerol: Ompogon Th. Fr,, Pseudephebe M. Choisy, and ethanol: wateFl : 1 : 1) preparations were used for Sbelcaria (Motyka) Bystrek. Among them, the most the color descriptions. The specimens used in this

species-rich is Bnyyoria, which seems to have study are deposited in the Cryptogamic Herbarium

a center of distribution in the Himalayan region. of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia there, Many species are known including 14 from Sinica (KuN-L), with some duplicates in the Natural India Nepal in the south & Awasthi and (Awasthi History Museurn and Institute, Chiba (cBM), and

and the east, ofthe species 1985), in 13 18 known Duke University (DuK}]), from all of China come from YUnnan (Wang & Chemical ana]yses were made by thin-layer Chen 1994, Wu & Wang 1992), In this paper, we chromatography (TLC) and high-perfbrrnance liquid describe a new and distinctive species ofBfyoria. chromatography (HPLC). TLC was by a standard-

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ized method (Culberson et al. 1981) using three with angles between dichotomies obtuse and round-

solvent systems and controls of atranorin and ed towards the base (usually 800-900) and acute

norstictic acid. HPLC used a Beckman ODS col- towards the apices (c.300-500); branehes cylindrical, umn (4.6 × 250 mm; 5pm) and a gradient fbrmed rather even in diameter; main branches c.O.2-0.3mm by mixing methanol : water : o-phosphoric acid diam., generally pale brown, black only in the basal (30:70:1) (Solvent 1) with methanol. The 40-min parts, shiny; lateral spinulose branches common,

gradient from 80 % to 16 % Solvent 1 was fo1- usually up to 1-5mm long, not constricted at the

lowed by 15 min at 16 % Solvent 1. Detection base, usually conce]orous with the main branches,

was at 270 nm, Identifications were based on TLC sometimes becoming dark brown towards the apices;

and HPLC comparisons with pure samples and true lateral spinules absent; pseudocyphellae lin-

with extracts from specimens serving as authentic eag twisting in long spirals, slightly concave to fis-

sources ofspecifi¢ compounds. Specimens showing sured, concolorous with the thallus or dark brown;

unexpected mixtures of compounds were retested soralia absent. Apothecia andpycnidia absent.

using single strands separated rriicroscopically and Anatonry: Middle parts ofthe main branches

analyzed by HPLC. in cross-section entirely circular, 250-270pm in

diameter; cortex 30-50ym thick, one-layered, col-

Taxonomy orless throughout, rough on the surface, sometimes

discontinuous due te sulcae; medullary hyphae not

Bryoria hengduanensis L. S. Wang & H. Harada, omamented, 4-5pm diam.

sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) CLJiemists:y: Cortex P+ orange, K-, C-, KC-; J), [Miallus ffuticosus, capillifbrmis, pendens, 3-5(- medulla P+ yellow (or K+ pale yellow, C-,

15) cm longus, ramis aniso-dichotomiter fastigiatisKC-. Usnic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, trace

basin versus, iso-dichotomiter fastigiatis apicem protocetraric acid, trace confumarprotocetraric acid;

versus, pallido-brunneis, sed denigratis basin versus, Rf and Rt values given in [lable 1 , nitidis, ramulis spinulesis lateralibus communibus, ln herbarium specimens, the c]osely inter- pscudocyphellis elongatis in spiram contortis, sorali- twined hair-like thalli (strands) may be]ong to more is desititutus, hyphis medullosis rasilibus, acidum than two species: hengduanensis, Bp:yoria

usnicum et acidum fumarprotocetraricum conti- sp., and Ulsnea longissima. blsnea tongissima is

nens. easly distinguished by its color frorn the present Z)tpe: CHINA. Minnan Prov,, Zhongdian Co., new species, but it is very diMcult te remove the Tian-chi Lake, 3900 m elev,, on Abies geoigei, similar brownish Br:yoria sp., which contains usnic Aug, 1993, PPZingLi-song 93-i3673 (Kcffv-L i3927, and barbatolic acid with or without gyrophoric acid.

holotypus; enB--z-13390, isotypus), Thus, if samples taken fbr TLC analysis contain

"hength{anensis" Etymology: The epithet refers several strands, it is possible fbr the result to give an

to the type locality, the Hengduan Mountains in additive chemistry equal to both BTyoria species

Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang, east of the Great combined. The resultant TLC and HPLC analyses

Himal aya Range. are extremely complex, including all the compounds

normally associated with this spccies plus those E)cternal Mbrphology: Thallus fruticese, hair- associated with barbatolic acid (e.g,, alectorialic like, pendant, 3-5(-15) cm long, anisotomic-dichoto- acid, barbatolin, alectorialin, and the hydrolysis mously branched towards the base, beceming iso- products ofthese compounds) and those associated tomic-dichotQmously branched towards the apices, with gyrophoric acid (lecanoric acid and a trace of

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101 December 2e03 wnNG et aL : New species ofBt),oria (lichcns)

orsellinic acid). The analysis oftwo multi-strand and the other gave US plus BA, A recheck oftwo samples of PP2ing 93-13675 (analysis no. 11756), specimens Canaiysis nos. 11756 and 11956) under both gave usnic (US), fumarprotocetraric (FU) and the dissecting microscope showed that both were barbatolic (BA) acids, The analysis ofone multi- mixtures ofB, hengduanensis andBryoria sp, In the strand sample of PVkeng OO-19999 (analysis no, ana]ysis of single-strand samples, B. hengdttanensis 1 1956) gave only US and FU. But when two single- containcd US and FU (Table 2) and BFyoria sp. strand samples were analyzed, one gave US plus FU contained US and BA.

FTG. i. Habit ofBiyoria hengduanensis. (Part ofholotype, air-dricdmaterial)

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FIG 2 Bi;Foria hengduanensis A branchesshowmgpsudocyphel]ae twistedmleng spirals B crogg gection efmam branch, gho-- ing certex dlscontmuous at pseudecyphella or sulca (drrow head)(A, B, from holotype A, air dned matemal, B, GAW prepd- ration) Scalebars A, lmm B 100pm

TABLE 1 IYpiLal Rf × 100 vaTueb and rcprescntative Rt for cempounds m B-.otia hengduanenys

Cempound R fx l OOtRf Norstictic aicd, R fAtranorm"

A B c HH CoLor"' Rt(min)

(trom B-,orta hengduanensis)

Ugnic acid 745/43,80 72!37,78S 80126,89 greemshgray 445

Fumarprotecetraric acid 3r43, 80 32 5/37, 78 5 g/26, 89 dark gray to black 33 6 N3/43, N5!26, Protocetraric aud 80 21 5f37, 7g 5 89 dark gray to black 27 5 A'-3143,80 '-1/26 Cenfumdrprotocetraricacid 14,37,785 89 yellow 241

(from accompanying Bopona sp ) '- Alcctoriahcacid 40143,80 54/37,78S 29!26,S9 orangebro"n 315 '-22f26,89 Gyrophoricacid 25i43,80 44i37,785 yellowishtogray 367 BdrbatohL acid 12143, 80 54137, 785 22/26, 89 yellow 401

*Rfvalues for some compounds that trail in a pdrticular solvent systeni are concentration dependent, e g largcr amounts of gyrophonL acid run higher in solvent A Some Lormpounds are obgeued by onc or more others, c g fumarprotocetranc acid is somewhat obgcured by protocetranc and confumarprotocetranL acids "N ' in solventg A and C The before serne Rfvalues mdicates cornpounds obscurcd by one or more oth

ers in the sarnpleg tested ** "H 1 Color' is thc appearanLe ofthe spet aftcr visualization -lth 1e96 H2S04 and hedting to ca 1OO ℃ forca 20 mm

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Dcccmber2003 WANG et aL: New species ufB(voria (lichens) 103

TABLE 2. Analyses ofsome specimens ofBtyor'ia ltengduanen- barbatolic aeids in thc fbrmer and atranorin, norstic- SIS. tic and connorstictic acids in the latter (Brodo & cempounds Hawksworth 1977). Bryoria tortuosa differs by SpecimensAnalysisno.US FU PR CFU having slightly raised and unfissured pseudo- Wang 93-13661 1196211955t195811756a,c1196111963119S6b1196011957+M+M-.1MMMMMMMMMMtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrllltrtrtT'mmtrtr111 cyphellae, soredia (although rare), and thc prcs- Wang 93-13673 (holetype) ence of vulpinic acid, accounting fbr the bright-

Wang 93-13674 yellow thallus (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977). VVking 93-13675 Bryoria hengduanensis also resembles Sulcaria Wang 96-16215 badia Brodo & D. Hawksw. from North Wang99-lg507 (1977) America in having a bro-mish thallus and Vvlang OO- 1 9999 pendant linear Wang OO-20018 pseudocyphellae spiraling around the main Wang eO-20309 + branches. Howeveg S, badia differs in having a gen- erally darker thallus Abbreviations of cernpound names: US = usnic acid; FU = (`Cverydullchestnut-brown to

fumarprotocetraric = = acid; PR protocetraric acid; CFU confu- almost badious or yellowish brown in parts") and in marpretocetraric acid chemistry by the presence of atranorin (K+ yel- = - = = I'roportions: M major; m minor; tr traccl + present, but low) only & Hawksworth 1977). the method ofanalysis did not allow an estirnate of the proportien (Brodo relative to other preducts, The generic placement of an alectorioid

lacking apothecia and ascospores is necessarily ten-

Distribution: Hengduan Mountains in southern tative. The diagnostic characters scparating Sldearia China (Sichuan and YUnnan). from BFIyoria are ycllow to brownish septatc asco- Habitat and ecology: On trunks, branches, spores and a sulcate thallus (Brodo & Hawksworth and twigs ofAbies georgei and Picea likiangensis in 1977), Although the fissuredpseudocyphellae (Fig, coniferous forests, also on euereus pannosa, usually 2A) ofthe new specics might be regarded as sulcae, associated with Elypogymnia sp. and sometimes but the species should not bc placed in Sulcaria - U[snea longissima; 3000 400e m elev. solely upon this character because pseudocyphellae Rentarks: Br:yoria hengduanensis is charac- are mechanically weak zones on the surface ofthe

terized by the fbllowing attributes: thallus hair-like, thallus that are easily broken into fissures or sulcae

pendant, 3-5(-10cm) long, anisotomic-dichoto- (Fig. 2B), Some genus-level tendencies are shown

mously branched towards thc base, becoming iso- by the natural-product chcmistry of the alectorioid

tomic-dichotomously branched towards the apices, lichens (summary: Esslinger 1989). The new black in the basal parts, pale brown towards the species resembles Alectoria in having usnic acid,

apices, shiny, lateral spinulose branches common, which is unknown in BJtyoria, Oropogon and

pseudocyphellae twisting in long spirals, soralia Sulcaria; but it resembles Bnyoria and Orppogon in absent, medullary hyphae not ornamented, and usnic having tinnarprotocetraric acid, which is unknown

and fumarprotocetraric acids, It resembles B. in Atectoria and Sulcaria. Until more evidence is

pseudocupiUaris Brodo & D, Hawksw., B. .spiralijZ available, we tentatively place this new species in era Brodo & D. Hawksw., B, tortuosa Brodo & D. Br.vori.a based on the prcscnce of furnarprotoce- Hawksw. (1977), all from the Pacific North traric acid a$ the major medullary product, the America, by its linear pseudocyphellae spiraling extreme hair-like habit of the thallus, and the around branches, However, B. pseudoccrpiilaris mcdullary hyphae lacking ornamentation. and B. spirallfera have white pseudocyphellae; and Additional specimens examined (alt paraoipes in KciA' untess stated): they differ in chemistry, having alectorialic and CHINA. Yunnan Prov.

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Zhongdian Co., Tjan-chi Lake, 3900m elev,, on Abies References georgei, 27035N, 99048E, Aug. 1993, Plang Li-song 93- I366I(KuN-L J391)J), 93-i3674 (KuN-L 13928), 93-13675 (KuN-L J3927; dup. in CBM); Wengshuei VMage, AsN'asthi, G & D. D. Awasthi. 1985. Lichen genera Daxueshan Mt., 28"34N, 99"50E, 4000m elev,, on Pi(rea Aleetoria, Bilyoria and Sulcaria from India and sp,, 23 Aug, 2000, PVkng Li-song OO-19999 (KuN-L Nepal. Candollea 40(1): 305-320. 18232); on euercus pannosa, 23 Aug. 2000, PPZing Li- Brodo, I. M. & D. L. Hawksworth. 1977. Alectoria and song OO-20018(KuN-L 18224); Gongshan Co., allied genera in North America. Opera Bot. 42: 1- rfongdayakou, Binzhongluo to 98a41E, 28e05N, 3800m 164.

elev,, en tmnk ofAbies, 21 Oct. I999, uaing Li-song 99- Culberson, C, F,, W, L. Culberson & A, Johnson. 1981.

18507(KuN-L i7298); Lijiang Co., Laojuenshan Mt,, A standardized TLC analysis of B-orcinol depsi-

Jiushijiulongtan Lakes, Shimen, 99043E, 26n37N, 3800m dones. Bryologist 84i 16-29. elev., on Abies sp., 13 Aug. 2000, veZing Li-song OO- Esslinger, T. L. 1989. Systematics ofOmpogon (Alecto- 20309(KuN-L 18260). Sichuan Prov. Luding Co., riaceac) in the New WOrld. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 28: 1- Gonggashan Mt., 3rd camp, near glacier, 101"30-102010E, 11L

29020-30N, 3000in eley,, on trunk of Picea, 30 Aug. Wang, L.-S. &J.-B. Chcn, 1994, The classification ofthe

1996, PVkeng Li-song P6-16215 (KuN-L 17031), genus Bsl,oria from Yinnnan. Acta Bot. Yun, 16: 144-152. L,-S. Wang, 1992. The lichenfamilies Wle thank Dr. Bnice McCune, Oregon State University, fbr Wu, J.-N. & Anziaceae in Lijiang Pret'ecture, the loan ofspecimen and literature. Financial support was Alectoriaceaeand Minnan. Acta Bot. YUn. 14: 37-44. in part from thc Goho International Fund for life Sciences.

Received April 7, 2001, acceptedJiily 25, 2003

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