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ESPON Project 3.4.1. Europe in the World

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ESPON Project 3.4.1. Europe in the World ESPON project 3.4.1. Europe in the World Final Report – Vol.3: Case studies 3 Co-financed by the European Community through the Interreg III ESPON Programme ESPON 3.4.1 Europe in the World Final Report – Vol.3: Case studies 4 This report represents the final results of a research project conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2000-2006 programme, partly financed through the INTERREG programme. The partnership behind the ESPON programme consists of the EU Commission and the Member States of the EU25, plus Norway and Switzerland. Each partner is represented in the ESPON Monitoring Committee. This report does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the Monitoring Committee. Information on the ESPON programme and projects can be found on www.espon.eu. The web side provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent document produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. ISBN number: 978-2-7442-0133-2 This basic report exists only in an electronic version. Word version: © The ESPON Monitoring Committee and the partners of the projects mentioned. Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorized provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON Coordination Unit in Luxembourg. 5 Participants Scientific coordination This work was coordinated by Claude Grasland (professor at University Paris 7, UMR Géographie- cités) and Clarisse Didelon (Post Ph’D at University Paris 7, UMS RIATE) Core Team RIATE: Bernard Corminboeuf, Marc Guerrien, Nicolas Lambert, Isabelle Salmon IGEAT: Laurent Aujean, Gilles Van Hammes, Pablo Medina, Christian Vandermotten ITPS: Mats Johansson, Daniel Rauhut LADYSS: Pierre Beckouche, Yann Richard UMR Géographie-cités : Nadine Cattan, Christian Grataloup, Guillaume Lesecq, Christine Zanin Experts CRS HAS: Györgyi Barta, László Dancs, Imre Nagy, Alexandra Szigeti, Péter Strömpl TIGRIS - "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University: Octavian Groza, Daniel Condorachi, Ionel Muntele, Alexandru Rusu, Oana Stoleriu, Georgiana Voicu ETH Zurich: Marco Keiner GRUPO SOGES: Alberto Vanolo ORMES: Mohamed Charef, M’hamed Wahbi 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Survey on the representation of Europe and the World of the ESPON community............................................................................................. 19 1.1 Justification of the case studies and link to key question................... 19 1.2 Scale of the study. Clear indication of the space of study .................. 19 1.3 Hypothesis of the case study ........................................................ 20 1.4 Replicable methodology, problems, questions ................................. 21 1.5 Empirical result of the case study .................................................. 29 1.6 ESPON seminar particiants’ view of Europe ..................................... 31 1.7 ESPON seminar view of the World ................................................. 41 1.8 Limits of the case study ............................................................... 47 1.9 Conclusion ................................................................................. 51 2. The geography of Italian internationalization: relations with Central-Eastern European and South and Eastern Mediterranean countries ............................ 60 2.1 Justification of the case studies and link to key questions ................. 60 2.2 Spaces and scales of the study ..................................................... 60 2.3 Hypothesis, problems, questions ................................................... 61 2.4 Methodology .............................................................................. 63 2.5 Empirical results of the case study................................................. 63 2.6 Conclusion ................................................................................. 71 3. The impact of delocalisation on the position of European regions in value chains ................................................................................................... 74 3.1 The example of textile value chain in three marshallian district.......... 74 3.2 Context of case study .................................................................. 76 3.3 General hypothesis...................................................................... 78 3.4 Replicable methodology, problems, questions ................................. 79 3.5 Empirical result of the case study: Specific reactions of the marshallian districts to globalization ........................................................................ 80 4. Migration Flows and Implications: Case Studies on France, Hungary and Sweden ................................................................................................. 91 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 91 4.2 Migration Flows........................................................................... 92 4.3 The Immigrants’ Choice of Settlement ........................................... 96 4.4 Factor Prices and Substitutability: A Simple Model .......................... 96 4.5 The Future Immigration Demand................................................... 99 4.6 Scenarios .................................................................................101 4.7 Concluding Remarks...................................................................104 4.8 References................................................................................105 5. Russia and Europe: the scales and geographies of a complex neighbourhood relation ................................................................................................108 5.1 What is the state of the economic relationship between EU and Russia, at different scales?..............................................................................109 7 5.2 A strong barrier effect at the local level: the cooperation for the implementation of cross border projects is under developed......................122 5.3 Policy orientations......................................................................136 6. Hungary – the new border of the European Union.................................140 6.1 Introduction ..............................................................................140 6.2 Social and economic differences after 1990....................................142 6.3 Political, social and economic relations between Romania and Hungary, Serbia and Hungary prior to Hungary’s accession to the EU.......................152 6.4 How does Romania relate to Hungary after its accession to the European Union?...............................................................................................176 7. Romania as Eastern border of the European Union................................189 7.1 Introduction ..............................................................................189 7.2 General Assumptions..................................................................190 7.3 L'entre deux: Romania between West and East ..............................193 7.4 Conclusion ................................................................................214 8. Focus on Switzerland........................................................................216 8.1 Introduction ..............................................................................216 8.2 Development trends of the European union and Switzerland.............217 8.3 The European policy of the Swiss federal council.............................221 8.4 Stages of swiss european policy ...................................................222 8.5 Eu accession.............................................................................230 8.6 Bilateral agreements i between switzerland and the european union of 1999 238 8.7 Blateral agreements ii Switzerland – EU (as of February 2005) .........243 9. Mobilities in Western Mediterranean Sea: the other geographic continuity. 259 9.1 Introduction ..............................................................................259 9.2 Moroccan migrants in Europe and in the World ...............................261 9.3 Migrants: essential contribution to Moroccan economy and society....268 9.4 Laws and migration management in Morocco .................................276 9.5 Conclusion ................................................................................282 8 FIGURES Figure 1 : gradation in the belonging to Europe ........................................... 23 Figure 2 : example of a problem of codification ........................................... 23 Figure 3 : dealing with the recovering zones .............................................. 25 Figure 4 : solving the problem of recovering zones. ..................................... 25 Figure 5 : a World map from the preliminary survey (P.S.1.3.1) .................... 26 Figure 6 : a World map from the survey (S.51) ........................................... 26 Figure 7 : criteria grouping....................................................................... 28 Figure 8 : ESPON members’ profile ............................................................ 30 Figure 9 : the size of Europe.................................................................... 32 Figure 10 : first (PLAN FACTORIEL (PLOT) of an MCA on European countries. 35 Figure 11 : A relation between the visits of a country and the appreciation of its belonging to Europe?......................................................................... 41 Figure 12 : hierarchical tree of the classification .........................................
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