Jusserand (1855-1932)

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Jusserand (1855-1932) COLLECTION LES ANCIENS DES CHARTREUX n°1 Jean Jules Jusserand (1855-1932) Elève à l’Institution des Chartreux de 1865 à 1872 SOMMAIRE P.4 Biographie : « The marvelous ambassador » P.12 Lettre de Theodore Roosevelt à Jusserand P.18 Lettre de Jusserand au Supérieur de l’Institution en 1925 P.19 Traduction du 2e chapitre « Aux Chartreux » de l’autobiographie de Jusserand P.27 Bibliographie édito L’Institution des Chartreux est heureuse, honnêteté et une mesure dans ses propos qui à travers l’édition de ce premier numéro de finirent par convaincre le Président Wilson la collection Les anciens des Chartreux, de proposer au pays d’entrer en guerre aux et la pose d’une plaque commémorative le côtés de l’Entente en 1917 et, par là même, de 10 novembre 2017, de rendre hommage à mettre un terme à ce conflit qui s’enlisait dans Jean Jules Jusserand, élève à l’Institution une déplorable boucherie. Un autre président de 1865 à 1872. Cet hommage nous tient américain, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, lui particulièrement à cœur car nul, plus que rendra en ces mots un hommage posthume Jean Jules Jusserand, ne représente mieux en 1936 : « J’ai souvent causé avec lui ; son l’esprit qui a toujours animé notre maison : jugement, sa résolution d’éviter toute méthode l’intelligence de l’esprit au service de de propagande, son affirmation constante l’intelligence du cœur. que le peuple américain formerait sa décision Il est émouvant de voir dans les lignes par la simple présentation des faits et des écrites par l’homme mûr qu’il était au principes, mieux que par tout autre moyen, moment de la rédaction de ses mémoires, eurent finalement une influence déterminante que son passage aux Chartreux l’aura sur l’opinion publique lorsque cette nation, incontestablement marqué. Il en a retiré un par l’intermédiaire de son Président et de son amour sans bornes pour la lecture et pour Congrès, prit le parti que l’on sait en avril 1917. les voyages, preuve que l’ouverture d’esprit et Le maintient de l’idéal le plus haut en morale la curiosité qui étaient les siennes ont trouvé diplomatique eut la récompense méritée ». en ces murs un cadre épanouissant. Il nous Homme de dialogue donc, homme semble essentiel que le patrimoine humain que de lettres également qui fit partie de la représente Jean Jules Jusserand puisse être première promotion du prix Pulizer en 1917 inscrit dans celui de la pierre. Sa droiture, son dans la catégorie Histoire avec son livre With ambition à changer le monde doivent inspirer Americans of Past and Present Days. Ce goût les générations d’élèves présentes aujourd’hui des lettres fut d’abord celui des langues et à l’Institution. au premier chef, de la langue française : il fit Son parcours exemplaire, de sa formation partie du premier conseil d’administration aux Chartreux jusqu’à la réussite brillante de l’Alliance Française à Paris en 1883 et aux concours (en 1876, il obtint la première contribua grandement au développement de place au concours des affaires étrangères), cette organisation, notamment aux États- lui permirent de montrer l’étendue de ses Unis. qualités en tant qu’ambassadeur de France Nous sommes heureux de contribuer aux États-Unis. À ce poste qu’il occupa 22 modestement à l’expression de la recon- ans, il connu cinq présidents des États-Unis et naissance qui est due à un homme qui occupa entretint des rapports d’amitié avec Theodore une place de premier ordre dans le cours Roosevelt qui reconnut le rôle exemplaire qu’il de l’histoire humaine grâce à ses multiples avait tenu, à ses yeux, dans la préservation qualités : l’honnêteté, la curiosité, la discrétion, de la paix entre la France et l’Allemagne. Dans la force de conviction et le goût pour la paix. l’Amérique plutôt favorable à l’Allemagne du début du XXe siècle, Jusserand sut faire Abbé Jean-Bernard Plessy entendre la voix de la France, mettre les Supérieur de l’Institution intérêts du pays en avant et, par dessus tout, faire aimer notre culture. Aussi lorsque l’Europe David Camus fut entrée en guerre, face à une propagande Directeur du Fonds de dotation brutale de l’Allemagne, Jusserand opposa une et des affaires culturelles 3 « The marvelous ambassador » Jean Jules Jusserand IDENTITÉ LYONNAISE ET SAINT-HAONNAISE Jean Jules Adrien Jusserand est né à Lyon en 1855, premier des quatre enfants d’un père veuf d’un premier mariage avec une Roannaise, mais qui venait d’épouser Adrienne Tissot, de 27 ans plus jeune que lui. Jean Jusserand, homme de lois et rentier, est issu d’une longue lignée d’artisans lyonnais, tailleurs d’habits puis orfèvres, établis sur le Pont du Change depuis le XVIe siècle, et passés dans la Presqu’île à la faveur des promotions bourgeoises au XIXe siècle. 2 La famille avait une double résidence, urbaine et rurale : l’hiver à Lyon, l’été et l’automne à la campagne : à Saint-Haon le Châtel, dans cette demeure pleine de charmes acquise depuis peu, et au Bachelard à Renaison, domaine agricole hérité d’un premier mariage. L’enfant Jean Jules connut ici les joies de la nature et une enfance saint-haonnoise heureuse. L’INSTITUTION DES CHARTREUX Il reçoit la bonne éducation humaniste à l’Institution lyonnaise des Chartreux, où l’abbé Jérôme Déchelette, professeur de rhétorique, poussait le dévouement jusqu’à 1 emmener ses élèves en voyage pendant 4 1. Aquarelle du village de Saint-Haon réalisée par Jusserand 2. Avec son frère et ses sœurs ; debout à droite 3. Debout à gauche, avec l’abbé Déchelette les vacances, en France et à travers l’Europe : Italie, Suisse, Autriche. La guerre de 1870 eut lieu pendant ses premières années de lycée. Tous les élèves, frappés par les malheurs de la France, redoublèrent d’ardeur au travail et du désir de servir leur 3 pays. à travers la campagne, à pied, souvent À la mort de son père en 1872, Jean Jules sous la pluie, couchant dans des auberges Jusserand se considéra, à l’âge de 17 ans, ou chez des paysans peu habitués aux comme chef de famille. Aux Facultés de voyageurs, puis travaillant à Londres, dans Lyon, il passa des examens de lettres, les musées et les bibliothèques. de sciences et de droit. Il étudia quatre II se présenta au concours des Affaires langues vivantes. Il fit une maîtrise d’art Etrangères, où « ayant étudié au delà des et prépara un doctorat de lettres, hésitant limites du programme obligatoire », il fut encore sur sa future carrière. Sommé par reçu premier. Il profita de ses loisirs pour sa famille de sortir de cette incertitude, il soutenir sa thèse sur les prédécesseurs de réfléchit qu’après une guerre désastreuse, Shakespeare à l’université de Lyon. il ne pourrait y en avoir une autre avant plusieurs années, donc pas de service PREMIÈRES MISSIONS armé immédiat. Il opta pour un service Nommé alors élève consul à Londres, il civil dans les Affaires Etrangères ou la consacre l’essentiel de ses recherches diplomatie, parce que « l’ignorance au à l’Angleterre du XIVe siècle et écrit la sujet des pays étrangers peut conduire première esquisse de ce qui sera son livre à la guerre. » rappelait-il plus tard en le plus souvent traduit et réédité : English expliquant son choix. wayfaring life in the 14th century (La vie nomade et les routes en Angleterre au XIVe LE CHOIX DE LA DIPLOMATIE siècle). II alla donc à Paris pour se préparer au Chargé en 1881 par Gambetta d’une concours des Affaires Etrangères. Il étudiait mission en Tunisie, où il y avait des rivalités le droit, l’histoire, les langues, le latin, la et des troubles, Jusserand fut à son retour paléographie, les arts, regrettant de ne remarqué par ses rapports et son action pouvoir aussi faire un peu de médecine. Le et placé à la tête d’un bureau des affaires concours des affaires étrangères n’ayant tunisiennes, auxquelles furent ajoutées lieu qu’en juillet 1876, il passa l’année plus tard celles de l’Anam, Madagascar, 75-76 en Angleterre, d’abord en randonnées Obok, le Congo, l’Afrique de l’ouest, etc... 5 1 2 AMOUR DE LA LITTÉRATURE avec seulement quelques notes : lui debout Autre preuve du rayonnement précoce de à l’extrémité du salon, sa mère assise à sa personnalité intellectuelle : Jusserand l’autre dans la pénombre… Le jour venu, au fut un des membres fondateurs (le plus Collège de France, après son premier mot jeune de tous) en 1883 de l’Alliance « Messieurs » l’appréhension disparut et Française, aux côtés des plus anciens tout se passa bien. Le Ministère réclama comme Jules Verne, Ernest Renan, Louis tout son temps, Jusserand ne fit plus Pasteur. En avril 1885 lors d’un voyage jamais de cours mais ne renonça pas à vers Saint-Haon-le-Châtel, assis sur écrire et à publier. les banquettes d’un train de nuit avec Gaston Paris, (tous deux se rendant au CONSEILLER D’AMBASSADE mariage de la deuxième sœur de Jean De 1887 à 1890 il fut conseiller d’ambassade Jules, Francesca Jusserand avec le grand à Londres (au temps de la Reine Victoria). helléniste Fernand Allègre) les deux amis Il se fit quantité de relations dans les décidèrent de créer une collection de milieux littéraires, artistiques et politiques. monographies des écrivains français du En 88, il voyage en Egypte dont il revient, passé, écrites par des écrivains vivants. Il comme à chacun de ses voyages, avec y eut jusqu’à 57 volumes, souvent réédités.
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