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Champaka 4 Tpuè Orh Dvh Skrÿ OS% Vri∑ C*Π Nghiên Cứu Lịch Sử Và Nền Văn Minh Champa

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Champaka 4 Tpuè Orh Dvh Skrÿ OS% Vri∑ C*Π Nghiên Cứu Lịch Sử Và Nền Văn Minh Champa Champaka 4 tpUÈ OrH dVH skrŸ OS% vrI∑ c*π_ Nghiên cứu lịch sử và nền văn minh Champa Những cuộc vùng dậy của nhân dân Champa 1693-2004 1693-2004 Ân hành bởi International Office of Champa, 2004 Tái bản dùng cho hệ thống mạng Web Champaka.info, 2012 Champaka Tập san nghiên cứu lịch sử và nền văn minh Champa Hình thành vào năm 1999 Sáng lập viên Hassan Poklaun, Po Dharma Tổng biên tập Pgs. Ts. Po Dharma (Viện Viễn Đông Pháp) Ban biên tập Pgs. Ts. Danny Wong Tze-Ken (Đại học Malaya, Mã Lai) Ts. Nicolas Weber (Viện INALCO, Paris) Ts. Shine Toshihiko (Đại học Ngoại Ngữ Tokyo, Nhật Bản) Pgs. Ts. Liu Zhi Qiang (Đại học Dân Tộc, Quảng Tây) Pts. Emiko Stok (Đại học Nanterre, Paris) Abdul Karim (Viện Bảo Tàng Quốc Gia, Mã Lai) Musa Porome (IOC-Champa) Trụ sở 56 Square des Bauves 95140 Garges Les Gonesse, France Email: [email protected] Web: www.champaka.info Cơ quan ấn hành International Office of Champa (IOC-Champa) © Champaka – 2012 Hình bỉa: Dvavapala (thần gác cửa, Tháp Mẩm, thế kỳ XII) Trung Quùçc F_ai Vi_"t Hâ N_çi ● Lao Hoânh S!n Bi"n giù!i phùia bù&c Champa Bi"n giù!i 1069 Huù" ● Bi"n giù!i 1306 C Thùai Lan H Bînh F_inh ● Bi"n giù!i 1471 A Bi"n giù!i 1611 Nha Trang● Cao Mi"n M Cam Ranh Bi"n giù!i 1653 P Phan Rang ● A Phan Thiù"t ● Saigon ● Bi"n giù!i phùia nam Champa 1658 © Po Dharma 1999 Baœn ñoà Champa trong quaù trình lòch söœ Trung Quùçc F_ai Vi_"t Hâ N_çi ● Lao Hoânh S!n Bi"n giù!i phùia bù&c Champa Bi"n giù!i 1069 ● Huù" Bi"n giù!i 1306 C Thùai Lan H Bînh F_inh ● Bi"n giù!i 1471 A Bi"n giù!i 1611 Nha Trang● Cao Mi"n M Cam Ranh Bi"n giù!i 1653 P Phan Rang ● A Phan Thiù"t ● Saigon ● Bi"n giù!i phùia nam Champa 1658 © Po Dharma 1999 ● Bînh F_inh Pleiku ● Harek Kah Harek Dhei ● Aia Ru KAMPUCHEA ● Banmethuot ❑ Aia Trang Thùanh F_ia KAUTHARA Dalat ● Kam Ranh ❶ ❹ ❷ ❸ ● Panrang ❺ Kraong ● PANDURANGAParik Pajai ● Malithit ● Baigaor (Saigonà ❶ Bal Lai ❷ Bal Sri Banay ❸ Bal Batthinéng ❹ Bal Hangaow Baœn ñoà tieåu vöông quoác Panduranga ❺ Bal Pandarang © Po Dharma 1999 Thay l^!i m%! f)au Champa lâ m_çt c_èu vè!ng qu°oc chºu %anh hè%!ng n)en v&n minh ‰„n F_ç n^&m %! mi)en Trung Vi_"t Nam, ch_ay dâi t^è müi Hoânh S!n f°en bi"n giù!i Bi"n Hôa. Nùoi f°en lºch s%è Champa, cùac nhâ s%è h_oc chÏ nhù&c f°en gia ph%a hoâng gia Champa, chi°en lè_!c chÈnh trº hay quén s_è c%ua vua chùua Champa nh^&m ch°ong l_ai chÈnh sùach Nam Ti°en c%ua F_ai Vi_"t, m_çt qu°oc gia lùang gi)eng mi)en Bù&c chºu %anh hè%!ng n)en v&n minh Trung Qu°oc. Th_ét s_è, b"n c_anh cùac cu_çc f°au tranh c%ua vua chùua vâ giai c°ap länh f_ao Champa, lºch s%è c%ua vè!ng qu°oc nây côn nhù&c f°en cùac cu_çc vûng d_éy c%ua nhén dén Champa f%" gi%ai phùong f°at nèù!c c%ua h_o m_çt khi vè!ng qu°oc nây bº ngo_ai bang xém chi°em, ho_&c ch°ong l_ai b°at cùè chÈnh quy)en, ch%u nghïa chÈnh trº nâo cùo ùy f)o fân ùap, f)ong hùoa vâ ti"u di_"t dén t_çc Champa sau ngây vè!ng qu°oc nây bº xùoa t"n tr"n b%an f)o vâo n&m 1832. ChÈnh vî th°e, s_è vûng d_éy c%ua nhén dén Champa fä tr%! thânh m_çt f)e tâi lºch s%è quan tr_ong mâ cùac nhâ khoa h_oc fèa ra f%" bân lu_én trong Champaka s°o 4 nây. N_çi dung Champaka s°o 4 g)om hai ph)an chÈnh y°eu. Ph)an f)au t_ép trung cùac bâi nghi"n cùèu li"n quan f°en lºch trînh f°au tranh c%ua nhén dén Champa k%" t^è n&m 1693 f°en 2004. Ph)an thùè hai, ph" bînh cùac tùac ph%ém vi°et v)e lºch s%è f°au tranh c%ua nhén dén Champa. M%! f)au cho t__ép san Champaka s°o 4, lâ bâi nghi"n cùèu c%ua P. Gs. Po Dharma vù!i t_èa f)e « Phong trâo ph_uc hèng Champa vâo n&m 1693- 1694 ». Fùo lâ cu_çc vûng d_éy f)au ti"n c%ua nhén dén Champa sau ngây thânh F^ç Bân bº th°at th%u vâo n&m 1471, nh^&m ch°ong l_ai foân quén c%ua nhâ Nguy¨"n, d_èa vâo quy)en l_èc f%" chi°em fùong Champa vâo n&m 1692. G)an m_çt th°e k%y sau, tùèc lâ vâo th_ép ni"n c%ua cu°oi cûng c%ua th°e k%y 18, bâi nghi"n cùèu c%ua Ts. Mak Phoeun cho bi°et r^&ng lºch s%è Champa l_ai nhù&c f°en cu_çc f°au tranh c%ua vua Po Cei Brei (1783-1786à. Vî khçng ch°ap nh_én lâm tçi tù! cho quén Téy S!n vâ Nguy¨"n ‰Anh, ngâi b%o ngai vâng vâo n&m 1786 f%" thânh l_ép chiù"n khu %! F^çng Nai. Sau fùo, ngâi quyù"t fºnh sang Kampuchia c)au cùèu vi_"n tr_! quén s_è vâo n&m 1795-1796. M_çt n&m sau, tè li_"u lºch s%è l_ai nùoi f°en s_è vûng d_éy thùè 3 c%ua nhén dén Champa vâo n&m 1796-1797, f_&t dèù!i quy)en chÏ f_ao c%ua Tuen Phaow, m_çt nhâ länh t_u H)oi Giùao fä t^èng sinh sùçng %! Makah (Kelatan, Mä Laià trong nhi^"u n&m. M_uc ti"u c%ua m_&t tr_én nây lâ nh^&m gi%ai phùong f°at nèù!c Champa ra kh%oi ùach th°ong trº c%ua Nguy¨"n ‰Anh vâ Téy S!n. ChÏ trong vâi thùang sau, Tuen Phaow lâm ch%u tînh hînh quén s_è %! khu v_èc Phan RÈ. Cu_çc vûng d_éy nây bº d_ép tù&t, m_çt khi Tuen Phaow bº thè!ng tr"n chi°en trè^!ng %! Phan Rang vâo n&m 1797. Féy lâ bâi nghi"n cùèu do P. Ts. Nicolas Weber th_èc hi_"n. N°oi gùot cçng trînh f°au tranh c%ua Tuan Phaow, fùo lâ cu_çc vûng d_éy thùè 4 vâ thùè 5 c%ua nhén dén Champa fä x%ay ra vâo nh¨èng n&m 1833-1835. Qua bâi nghi"n cùèu c%ua P. Gs. Po Dharma, ngè^!i ta fè_!c bi°et vâo n&m 1832, hoâng f°e Minh M_"nh xua quén chinh ph_at Champa vî t_çi lâm chè h)au cho t%çng tr°an Gia Fºnh Thânh lâ L" V&n Duy_"t muùçn thânh l_ép m_çt quùçc gia ri"ng bi_"t %! mi^"n nam. M_çt khi fä chinh ph_at Champa, Minh M_"nh quy°et fºnh xùoa h%&n vè!ng qu°oc nây tr"n b%an f)o Fçng Dè!ng vâo n&m 1832. F%" tr%a l^!i cho chÈnh sùach xém l&ng nây, Katip Sumat, m_çt länh t_u H)oi Giùao xuùét phùat t^è ti%"u thùah fºa Makah (Kelatan, Mä Laià fùèng ra k"u g_oi nhén dén Champa vûng d_éy vâo n&m 1833, dèù!i ng_on c^! Thùanh Chi°en H)oi Giùao (Jihadà f%" tùai l_ép l_ai n)en f_çc l_ép c%ua vè!ng quùçc nây. ChÏ m_çt n&m sau, phong trâo Katip Sumat bº d_ép tan b%!i foân quén hûng m_anh c%ua Minh M_"nh. F%" ti°ep n°oi cu_çc f°au tranh, Katip Ja Thak Wa m_çt länh t_u Ch&m Bani gùçc lâng V&n Lém (Phan Rangà, fùèng ra thânh l_ép vâo n&m 1834 m_çt t%ç chùèc f°au tranh hi_"n f_ai h!n qua mç hînh M_&t Tr_én Gi%ai Phùong Champa. N&m 1835, Katip Ja Thak Wa bº thè!ng tr"n chi°en trè^!ng g)an Palei Tanran (H¨èu Fùècà. Bi°en c°o nây fä fèa M_&t Tr_én Gi%ai Phùong Champa c%ua Katip Ja Thak Wa vâo con fè^!ng b°e tù&c. G)an m_çt th°e k%y sau, k%" t^è ngây s_up f%ç c%ua m_&t tr_én Ja Thak Wa vâo n&m 1835, phong trâo f°au tranh nhén dén Champa l_ai chuy%"n sang 2 m_çt fºa bân ho_at f_çng khùac fùo lâ khu v_èc Téy Nguy"n. Bâi nghi"n cùèu vù!i t_èa f)e: « Nguy"n nhén s_è vûng d_éy c%ua +ulro %! Buçn Sarpa 20-9- 1964 » c%ua Dominique Nguyen cho bi°et r^&ng m_çt khi l"n nù&m chÈnh quy)en %! mi)en nam Vi_"t Nam vâo n&m 1954, Ngç Fînh Di_"m quy°et fºnh xùoa b%o ch°e f_ç « Hoâng Tri^"u Cè!ng Th%ç » (tùèc lâ quy chù" t_è trºà tr"n Téy Nguy"n vâ sùat nh_ép khu v_èc nây vâo länh th%ç Vi_"t Nam C_çng Hôa.
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