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Outline Lecture Sixteen—Early Japanese Mythology and Shinto Ethics
Outline Lecture Sixteen—Early Japanese Mythology and Shinto Ethics General Chronology: Jomon: 11th to 3rd century B.C.E. Yayoi: 3rd B.C.E. to 3rd C.E. Tomb: 3rd to 6th C.E. Yamato: 6th to 7th C.E. I) Prehistoric Origins a) Early Japanese history shrouded in obscurity i) No writing system until 6th century C.E. at best ii) No remains of cities or other large scale settlements iii) Only small-scale archeological evidence b) Jomon (Roughly 11th to 3rd century B.C.E.) i) Name refers to the “rope-pattern” pottery ii) Hunter-gathering settlements c) Yayoi (3rd B.C.E. to 3rd C.E.) i) Named after marshy plains near modern day Tokyo (1) Foreign elements trickle in, then blend with indigenous elements ii) Increasing signs of specialization and social stratification d) Tomb or Kofun Period (3rd to 7th) i) Two strains in Japanese religious cosmology (1) Horizontal cosmology—“over the sea motif” (2) Vertical cosmology—earth and heaven ii) Emergence of a powerful mounted warrior class (1) Uji and Be e) Yamato State (6th to 8th C.E.) i) Loose confederation of the dominant aristocratic clans II) Constructions of Mythology and Religion a) Function of Mythologized history i) Political legitimacy required having a “history” ii) Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters 712) and Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan 720) b) Yamato Clan’s Kami—Amaterasu i) Symbiosis between mythological and political authority ii) Myth of Yamato lineage (1) Symbolism of Izanagi and Izanami (2) Contest between Amaterasu and Susano-o (a) Transgressions of Susano-o (3) Mythical contest reflects -
JAPAN's MOST UNFORGETTABLE SHRINES Relaxing Is One Thing
JAPAN’S MOST UNFORGETTABLE SHRINES Relaxing is one thing, but to feel at peace, you need to step away from the neon signs and busy streets and explore the spiritual side of Japan. Shrines are an integral part of Japanese cultural tapestry. You will find these places of worship hidden in forest sandwiched between office towers on busy streets or clinging into mountain tops visiting them can be a spiritual experience, a chance to gain insights into Japanese tradition and history, or simply enjoy serene escape from the busy city life. Shrines are considered to be the residences of Kami (Shinto gods) and are used as places of worship. The names of Shinto shrines in Japan can end in –jinja, jingu (for Imperial shrines), or taisha. Shrines are built to serve the Shinto religious tradition and are characterized by a Torii gate at the entrance decorated with vermillion, and are guarded by fox, dog, or other animal statues. The architecture of a shrine typically includes a main sanctuary (honden), where the shrine’s sacred object is kept, and a worship hall (haiden), where people make prayers and offerings. Some shrines may have treasury buildings and stages for dance or theatre performances. There are close to 80,000 Shinto shrines in Japan and are of several different categories like: • Sengen shrines- dedicated to the Shinto deity of Mt. Fuji • Hachiman shrines- dedicated to the Kami of war • Inari shrines- dedicated to the Kami of huge harvest of grains • Kumano shrines - dedicated to the twelve Kami, three Grand Shrines in the three Kumano mountains • Tenjin shrines- dedicated to the Kami of Sugawara No Michizane, a politician and scholar FUSHIMI INARI SHRINE Fushimi Inari Shrine (伏見稲荷大社, Fushimi Inari Taisha) is an important Shinto shrine in southern Kyoto. -
The Otaku Phenomenon : Pop Culture, Fandom, and Religiosity in Contemporary Japan
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2017 The otaku phenomenon : pop culture, fandom, and religiosity in contemporary Japan. Kendra Nicole Sheehan University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Japanese Studies Commons, and the Other Religion Commons Recommended Citation Sheehan, Kendra Nicole, "The otaku phenomenon : pop culture, fandom, and religiosity in contemporary Japan." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2850. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2850 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE OTAKU PHENOMENON: POP CULTURE, FANDOM, AND RELIGIOSITY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN By Kendra Nicole Sheehan B.A., University of Louisville, 2010 M.A., University of Louisville, 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Humanities Department of Humanities University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky December 2017 Copyright 2017 by Kendra Nicole Sheehan All rights reserved THE OTAKU PHENOMENON: POP CULTURE, FANDOM, AND RELIGIOSITY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN By Kendra Nicole Sheehan B.A., University of Louisville, 2010 M.A., University of Louisville, 2012 A Dissertation Approved on November 17, 2017 by the following Dissertation Committee: __________________________________ Dr. -
Inland Sea of Ja An
Ancient traditions of the Inland Sea of Ja an Kyoto ◆ Hiroshima ◆ Miyajima ◆ Matsue ◆ Himeji ◆ Osaka A voyage aboard the Exclusively Chartered Small Ship Five-Star M.S. L’AUSTRAL April 30 to May 10, 2017 Dear Bryn Mawr Alumnae/i and Friends, Konnichiwa! Experience the timeless splendor of Japan and South Korea by sea and on land, the best way to see the richness of this beautiful region. During this custom-designed nine-night itinerary enjoy two nights on land and seven nights cruising while you explore enthralling ports steeped in the traditions of ancient Buddhist shoguns and Samurai warriors, and admire landscapes dotted with Shinto shrines, imperial castles and meticulous Japanese gardens. Spend two nights in the enchanting city of Kyoto, its serene landscape brimming with fragrant cherry blossom trees. It was the imperial capital of Japan from A.D. 794 until the mid-19th century and has been the cultural capital of this island nation for more than 1000 years. See its historic UNESCO World Heritage-designated monuments, visit the opulent temples of Ry ¯oan-ji and Kinkaku-ji, the imperial Nij ¯o Castle and stroll through the iconic red-orange torii gates and temple grounds of the Fushimi Inari Shrine. On board the exclusively chartered, Five-Star small ship M.S. L’AUSTRAL, featuring only 110 ocean-view Suites and Staterooms, cruise for seven nights from Himeji, Japan, along the coast of the tranquil Inland Sea and South Korea, and visit captivating port calls that showcase fi ve UNESCO World Heritage sites. See the impressive 14th-century Himeji Castle complex, the oldest surviving feudal structure of medieval Japan; walk through the poignant Peace Memorial Park and Museum in Hiroshima following President Obama’s recent historic visit; and tour picturesque Itsukushima Shrine in Miyajima with its awe-inspiring Great Torii Gate. -
The Miare Festival Is an Expression of the Living Faith of Local Fishermen. Chapter 3 Justification for Inscription
The Miare Festival is an expression of the living faith of local fishermen. Chapter 3 Justification for Inscription 3.1.a Brief Synthesis 3.1.b Criteria Under Which Inscription is Proposed 3.1.c Statement of Integrity 3.1.d Statement of Authenticity 3.1.e Protection and Management Requirements 3.2 Comparative Analysis 3.3 Proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value The Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region Chapter 3 Justification for Inscription Justification for Inscription 3.1.a Brief Synthesis The Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region is located in the western coastal area of Japan. It is a serial cultural property that has eight component parts, all of which are linked to the worship of a sacred island that has continued from the fourth century to the present day. These component parts include Okitsu-miya of Munakata Taisha, which encompasses the entire island of Okinoshima and its three attendant reefs, located in the strait between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula; Okitsu- miya Yohaisho and Nakatsu-miya of Munakata Taisha, located on the island of Oshima; and Hetsu-miya of Munakata Taisha and the Shimbaru-Nuyama Mounded Tomb Group, located on the main island of Kyushu. Okinoshima has unique archaeological sites that have survived nearly intact, providing a chronological account of how ancient rituals based on nature worship developed from the fourth to the ninth centuries. It is of outstanding archaeological value also because of the number and quality of offerings discovered there, underscoring the great importance of the rituals and serving as evidence of their evolution over a period of 500 years, in the midst of a process of dynamic overseas exchange in East Asia. -
The Story of IZUMO KAGURA What Is Kagura? Distinguishing Features of Izumo Kagura
The Story of IZUMO KAGURA What is Kagura? Distinguishing Features of Izumo Kagura This ritual dance is performed to purify the kagura site, with the performer carrying a Since ancient times, people in Japan have believed torimono (prop) while remaining unmasked. Various props are carried while the dance is that gods inhabit everything in nature such as rocks and History of Izumo Kagura Shichiza performed without wearing any masks. The name shichiza is said to derive from the seven trees. Human beings embodied spirits that resonated The Shimane Prefecture is a region which boasts performance steps that comprise it, but these steps vary by region. and sympathized with nature, thus treasured its a flourishing, nationally renowned kagura scene, aesthetic beauty. with over 200 kagura groups currently active in the The word kagura is believed to refer to festive prefecture. Within Shimane Prefecture, the regions of rituals carried out at kamikura (the seats of gods), Izumo, Iwami, and Oki have their own unique style of and its meaning suggests a “place for calling out and kagura. calming of the gods.” The theory posits that the word Kagura of the Izumo region, known as Izumo kamikuragoto (activity for the seats of gods) was Kagura, is best characterized by three parts: shichiza, shortened to kankura, which subsequently became shikisanba, and shinno. kagura. Shihoken Salt—signifying cleanliness—is used In the first stage, four dancers hold bells and hei (staffs with Shiokiyome paper streamers), followed by swords in the second stage of Sada Shinno (a UNESCO Intangible Cultural (Salt Purification) to purify the site and the attendees. -
University of Nevada, Reno American Shinto Community of Practice
University of Nevada, Reno American Shinto Community of Practice: Community formation outside original context A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Craig E. Rodrigue Jr. Dr. Erin E. Stiles/Thesis Advisor May, 2017 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by CRAIG E. RODRIGUE JR. Entitled American Shinto Community Of Practice: Community Formation Outside Original Context be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Erin E. Stiles, Advisor Jenanne K. Ferguson, Committee Member Meredith Oda, Graduate School Representative David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2017 i Abstract Shinto is a native Japanese religion with a history that goes back thousands of years. Because of its close ties to Japanese culture, and Shinto’s strong emphasis on place in its practice, it does not seem to be the kind of religion that would migrate to other areas of the world and convert new practitioners. However, not only are there examples of Shinto being practiced outside of Japan, the people doing the practice are not always of Japanese heritage. The Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America is one of the only fully functional Shinto shrines in the United States and is run by the first non-Japanese Shinto priest. This thesis looks at the community of practice that surrounds this American shrine and examines how membership is negotiated through action. There are three main practices that form the larger community: language use, rituals, and Aikido. Through participation in these activities members engage with an American Shinto community of practice. -
The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the Tale of Empress Jingu’S Subjugation of Silla
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1993 20/2-3 The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the Tale of Empress Jingu’s Subjugation of Silla Akima Toshio In prewar Japan, the mythical tale of Empress Jingii’s 神功皇后 conquest of the Korean kingdoms comprised an important part of elementary school history education, and was utilized to justify Japan5s coloniza tion of Korea. After the war the same story came to be interpreted by some Japanese historians—most prominently Egami Namio— as proof or the exact opposite, namely, as evidence of a conquest of Japan by a people of nomadic origin who came from Korea. This theory, known as the horse-rider theory, has found more than a few enthusiastic sup porters amone Korean historians and the Japanese reading public, as well as some Western scholars. There are also several Japanese spe cialists in Japanese history and Japan-Korea relations who have been influenced by the theory, although most have not accepted the idea (Egami himself started as a specialist in the history of northeast Asia).1 * The first draft of this essay was written during my fellowship with the International Research Center for Japanese Studies, and was read in a seminar organized by the institu tion on 31 January 199丄. 1 am indebted to all researchers at the center who participated in the seminar for their many valuable suggestions. I would also like to express my gratitude to Umehara Takeshi, the director general of the center, and Nakanism Susumu, also of the center, who made my research there possible. -
Taosrewrite FINAL New Title Cover
Authenticity and Architecture Representation and Reconstruction in Context Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Ruth First zaal van de Universiteit op maandag 10 november 2014 om 10.15 uur door Robert Curtis Anderson geboren op 5 april 1966 te Brooklyn, New York, USA Promotores: prof. dr. K. Gergen prof. dr. A. de Ruijter Overige leden van de Promotiecommissie: prof. dr. V. Aebischer prof. dr. E. Todorova dr. J. Lannamann dr. J. Storch 2 Robert Curtis Anderson Authenticity and Architecture Representation and Reconstruction in Context 3 Cover Images (top to bottom): Fantoft Stave Church, Bergen, Norway photo by author Ise Shrine Secondary Building, Ise-shi, Japan photo by author King Håkon’s Hall, Bergen, Norway photo by author Kazan Cathedral, Moscow, Russia photo by author Walter Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts, US photo by Mark Cohn, taken from: UPenn Almanac, www.upenn.edu/almanac/volumes 4 Table of Contents Abstract Preface 1 Grand Narratives and Authenticity 2 The Social Construction of Architecture 3 Authenticity, Memory, and Truth 4 Cultural Tourism, Conservation Practices, and Authenticity 5 Authenticity, Appropriation, Copies, and Replicas 6 Authenticity Reconstructed: the Fantoft Stave Church, Bergen, Norway 7 Renewed Authenticity: the Ise Shrines (Geku and Naiku), Ise-shi, Japan 8 Concluding Discussion Appendix I, II, and III I: The Venice Charter, 1964 II: The Nara Document on Authenticity, 1994 III: Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003 Bibliography Acknowledgments 5 6 Abstract Architecture is about aging well, about precision and authenticity.1 - Annabelle Selldorf, architect Throughout human history, due to war, violence, natural catastrophes, deterioration, weathering, social mores, and neglect, the cultural meanings of various architectural structures have been altered. -
Inter Cultural Studies of Architecture (ICSA) in Japan 2012
Intercultural Understanding, 2013, volume 3, pages 69-78 Inter Cultural Studies of Architecture (ICSA) in Japan 2012 Based on the general exchange agreement between Mukogawa Women’s University (MWU) and Bahçeşehir University (BU), students and professors from the Faculty of Architecture and Design of BU joined us at Koshien Hall and the Architecture Studio on MWU’s Kami-Koshien Campus from June 26th to August 3rd, 2012. BU’s students were tackling a design projects for third-year students. By participating in this program, they gained knowledge, learned techniques, and increased their awareness for designing of architecture. They also joined a basic design studio for first-year students and had the opportunity to experience such traditional Japanese culture as Ikebana (Japanese flower arrangement under Ryuho Sasaoka, a headmaster of the Ikebana Misho-ryu Sasaoka in Kyoto) or woodwork (with Sadahide Kanda, a master carpenter in Hyogo). They also participated in fieldwork on Saturdays to explore such Japanese cities and architecture examples as Funaya in a town called Ine, Amanohashidate, Itsukushima Shrine, Nishi Honganji Temple, Himeji Castle, and the Jodo-do of the Jodo-ji Temple. Participants Professors: Assistant professor Murat Dündar, Research assistants Belinda Torus and Sinem Kültür Students: Beyza Nur Bozkurt, Binnaz Kalcoğlu, Didem Dinçkal, Ece Yağan, Gonca Hande Şahin, Gözde Uyar, Kübra Pars, and Şahsena Bildirici 1. Greetings 1.1. Welcome Party: June 28 Eight students and two teachers from Bahçeşehir University were greeted by the students and teachers of Mukogawa Women’s University. Prof. Dr. Shigeyuki Okazaki (Chair, Department of Architecture, MWU) and Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat Dündar (Vice-Dean, Faculty of Architecture & Design, BU) gave speeches and the BU students and teachers introduced themselves. -
The Making of an American Shinto Community
THE MAKING OF AN AMERICAN SHINTO COMMUNITY By SARAH SPAID ISHIDA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2007 Sarah Spaid Ishida 2 To my brother, Travis 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people assisted in the production of this project. I would like to express my thanks to the many wonderful professors who I have learned from both at Wittenberg University and at the University of Florida, specifically the members of my thesis committee, Dr. Mario Poceski and Dr. Jason Neelis. For their time, advice and assistance, I would like to thank Dr. Travis Smith, Dr. Manuel Vásquez, Eleanor Finnegan, and Phillip Green. I would also like to thank Annie Newman for her continued help and efforts, David Hickey who assisted me in my research, and Paul Gomes III of the University of Hawai’i for volunteering his research to me. Additionally I want to thank all of my friends at the University of Florida and my husband, Kyohei, for their companionship, understanding, and late-night counseling. Lastly and most importantly, I would like to extend a sincere thanks to the Shinto community of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America and Reverend Koichi Barrish. Without them, this would not have been possible. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................7 -
To Those Who Would Visit Kunisaki-Usa in the Future Foreword
Foreword To Those Who Would Visit Kunisaki-Usa in the Future The Kunisaki Peninsula and Usa region in Oita Prefecture in eastern Kyushu has If you are planning a trip to Oita Prefecture, why not add Usa and the Kunisaki been a crossroads connecting mainland China, the Korean Peninsula, and the polit- Peninsula to your itinerary? It is only a little further north than Beppu, the prefec- ical, economic, and cultural center of Japan in the capital since ancient times. Hav- ture’s famous hot spring town. ing been seeded by various cultural influences, the area is considered the birthplace Usa is bordered by calm ocean waters. In one corner of a large plain lies Usa Jingu of the syncretization of Shinto and Buddhism, which occurred following the estab- Shrine, a large Shinto shrine dedicated to Hachiman, Japan’s most famous deity. lishment of Usa Jingu Shrine. Buddhist culture in the region, which was deeply More than 1,300 years old, the shrine is surrounded by a majestic, sacred forest. affected by the syncretization of the two religions over its long history, is known as To the east of Usa, the round-shaped Kunisaki Peninsula juts out into the ocean. Rokugo-manzan culture. Countless years of erosion have shaped its mountains into groups of enormous Tradition holds that many of the temples in the region were founded by monk and oddly shaped rocks, and clear-flowing rivers course from headwaters deep in Ninmon in 718. The year 2018, which marked the 1,300th anniversary of those the mountains toward the sea, nourishing the plain as they go.