38 Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 ways. This chapter will briefly examine these “other” “other” these issues. examine linking briefly will chapter exciting and This new ways. of variety Open a in users to its services and like and content their expose to libraries allow project, easier, WorldCat link- make implementation to strive resolver that initiatives linking several investing in is OCLC Furthermore, objects. digital OA to users link to ways OpenURL, better on working are the developers and to challenges special present materials OpenURL the (OA) open-access of Additionally, world. library the entrance beyond the for forward leap a giant marks OpenURL the of acceptance Scholar’s Google example, For existence. in developments and initiatives sensitive linking. Because of this, Google, “very quickly “very Google, this, of Because linking. sensitive context- facilitate not did and subscriptions) her or his regardwithout (i.e., affiliations for user’s institutional the Scholar, it normally linked user the to publisher’s the site a citation foundto a non-open-access user information object in Google a if instance, For issue. copy appropriate the address not did Scholar Google release, initial its in pay agreat dealofmoney. libraries which for e-journals and databases full-text and represent could it indexing and abstracting as proprietary the for competition tool, finding this of notice took and up stood community library the Immediately, 2004. Novemberreleasedwasin Web forinformation, scholarly freely the search to a purports that engine searchWeb available (http://scholar.google.com), Scholar Google Google ScholarandtheOpenURL T Other LinkingIssues Librarians Librarians also expressed immediate concern because, linking environment, but there are many more more many are there current but the with environment, associated linking overview issues an main presented the has of report this far, hus Chapter7 made the full text available fulltext tothem.” made the have affiliations institutional their a that users indication visual give users—to for links full-text the emphasize to when determine to used is libraries from information for rationale a requiring providedlibraries to submit holdings: holdings their “the Scholar, Google of engineer principal and creator Acharya, Anurag information. this need, to claimed or wanted, Google why of suspicious a bit were librarians and work, linking OpenURL make to necessary not is step additional This Google. to holdings full-text electronic their send vendors)link-resolver their controversy.its libraries Google (or insisted by that proxy without not was functionality new this interface, native its within linking OpenURL institution-specific allow to OpenURLlinksfor free. would onthese turn it agreed Scholar Google resolver,and link participating a with library any to available became functionality this resolvers by proxy) have to update data in yet another source another to ensure accurate that yetlinking continued to occur in data update to have proxy) by resolvers link their (or libraries that means information holdings of Health or a generic Web search (in Google, of course). possiblelinks toresources, such Nationalasthe Institutes the OpenURL link appears down in the fray with the other Google cannot identify that a user has full-text rights, then If 40). p. on figure5 (see text full the accessto right the users that toGoogle clearhas moreidentified it their makeinstitutions to as interfacehaving the in citation the of to create a larger and more prominent link next to the title institution-specific OpenURL linking implement in Google Scholar.” to libraries and in link-resolver vendors with test release, beta a began . 2004 . . 2005 November February Scholar’s] [Google after Although librarians werelibrarians Google agreed pleased that Although Google’s requirement that libraries submit their their submit libraries that requirement Google’s Inother words, Google uses holdingsthe information 2 1 Then, in May 2005, Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 39 3 The acceptance of the OpenURL standard in a non- Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com OpenURL Referrer Openly Informatics www.openly.com/openurlref the Dog WAG http://sourceforge.net/projects/gslocal and SFX: New Opportunities “Google Scholar Researchers” for Libraries and www.exlibrisgroup.com/scholar_sfx.htm Scholarly Search Engine “Scirus,” Elsevier’s www.scirus.com library source is a huge leap forward, according Libris’s chief to strategic officer Oren Beit-Arie. The hope Ex is that Google’s acceptance will lead to further non-library of, and innovations with,acceptance the OpenURL. free-of-charge.” free-of-charge.” Setup of ScholarSFX is relatively simple. Through a wizard available on the Ex (www.exlibrisgroup.com/scholar_sfx.htm), Libris librarians Web can site check off packages to which their libraries subscribe or batch upload holdings via a spreadsheet. Google Scholar can recognize users based on IP ranges, ranges, IP on based users recognize can Scholar Google Some interesting open-source options also allow Additionally, SFX has created an alternative, in the Figure 4 Figure IP range, then that is operating within a particular institution’s or if a user Users can set a preference for a particular library, institution is selected by default. Image appears courtesy of Google. for their Althoughusers. for thisearth not is shattering, one of the appeals of the OpenURL framework, through its implementation is thevia link resolvers, ability to update holdings data in one place resources. many amongst and still facilitate linking which are also sent to Google, usually through IP the institution’s thelink- outside working When vendor. resolver range, users can set a for a preference particular library. has Google which in way the about concerns of Regardless chosen to implement the OpenURL, many libraries have decided to participate for one main reason: they do not want their patrons paying for resources for which below). 4 theyfigure (see access rights to valid have context-sensitive linking but do to not submit holdings, require including libraries the OpenURL Openly Referrer Informatics (www.openly.com/openurlref) WAG the Dog and (http://sourceforge.net/projects/gslocal). effort theon more user’s require options,These however, part, whereas, if the local library sets up linking via its link in resolver Google theScholar, most the user has to a particular for library. do is set a preference have not do thatlibraries those for “ScholarSFX,” of form a hosted link-resolver product. fully ScholarSFX essentiallya is is a mini- “It Scholar. Google source: single a for SFX service, with no equipment to purchase, and completely 40 Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 www.doaj.org ofOpenAccessJournals Directory www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm “Open AccessOverview,” byPeterSuber Google could not identify the University of Alabama has access to a full-text copy. Image appears courtesy of Google. Alabama has access to a full-text version of this article. On the other hand, the “Resources@UAlabama” link is smaller because The “Full-Text@UAlabama” link is larger and more prominent because Google has conceivably identified that the University of Figure 5 by basic definition, OA materials are freely available to the first at intuitive—because, resourcesOAseems to linking glance, Although, efforts. linking context-sensitive for challenge unique a provide materials (OA) Open-access Materials Linking UserstoOpen-Access in content.” products high-quality deliver free to order in linking OpenURL implement actually to it is easy how about concerns some “has Scirus that but linking,” OpenURL implementing of possibility the exploring is “Scirus said, Scirus of manager general not does Vogtlander, Ammy the linking. OpenURL allow currently (www.scirus.com), Scirus Elsevier’s engine, Google Scholar into other free WebGoogle Scholarintoother search engines. beyond move will linking OpenURL not or whether seen Another well-known freely available scholarly search scholarly available freely well-known Another 4 It remains to be to remains It such as the Public Library of Science and Biomed Biomed and of provides Open one Access (www.doaj.org) of Journals the Directory Science the Also, of CrossRef. in Library participate Central, Public the as such libraries or when purchase for many OAAdditionally, and adoption. publishers, journals consideration products link-resolver important evaluating are knowledgebases; an their is in this solutions homegrown and OA andOA journals archives. in linking facilitate can librarians how addresses mainly section This vehicles. OA other these of some in linking context-sensitive provide to attempts chapter, previous file-sharing networks.” COinS, which was discussed in the lists], discussion forums, blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, and P2P vehicles… such “OAas personal Web of sites, e-books, types [electronic discussion other many are there overview A rhvs r repositories”. or archives OA and journals articles—OA research vehicles to OA delivering primary for “two are there generally, Overview,” non- (and scholarly relevant of scholarly) OA available for information users. wealth a is there Yet abstracts. and indexes toll-based and literature toll-based on focused exclusively almost have efforts linking past, the In complex. quite be can OA to linking materials that clear becomes it examination closer user—upon everyday OA journals are often tracked by link-resolver vendors codn t Ptr ue i hs Oe Access “Open his in Suber Peter to According 5 ue as nts n his in notes also Suber Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 41

14 9 10 16

13 15 This OpenURL hack is available on the OAIster theOAIster on available is hack OpenURL This Much work is currently being done to use the 11 12 In his presentation at the NISO OpenURL and Innovative Innovative uses of the OAI-PMH have been explored In an interview with the author in October 2005, Another way to access OA materials is via the In terms of how institutional repositories or self- Metasearch Metasearch (September 2005), Ex Libris’s Oren Beit- Web site, Web and both OpenURL and Z39.50 compliancy are improvements. future on the for agenda Thomas and Young Jeffrey OCLC’s and Sompel de Van by Hickey. OAI-PMH OAI-PMH and OpenURL framework to facilitate linking in the digital-library i.e., environment, in repositories and with digital objects. mation Center at University of Illinois at Urbana- D-Lib Magazine article, NISO “Using OpenURL MPEG-21 for DIP Complex the Digital and Objects Dynamic in Dissemination theLaboratory Digital Los Library,” of written Alamos by Jeroen National Bekaert, Patrick Balakireva, Lyudmila Hochstenbach, and Herbert de Sompel. Van Beit-Arie explained that even within the domain of theresearch community there is need forthe linking textualbeyond or beyond the the Los non-article. Alamos National The team work Laboratoryexplores by the Digitalopportunities Librarythat presentsOpenURL to enable, v. or1.0 to build, link-resolution serviceson top of digital objects, in other words, to enabledissemination the of services recentlyhaveSompel de HerbertBekaertJeroen relatingVan and to digital objects.written an article describing how they enableOpenURL-basedare workingservices thein to context digitalof librariesand digital objects; it is available in preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/0509090. Champaign Champaign has developed an experimental OAI Registry (available at According to the Web site, the http://gita.grainger.uiuc.edu/registry). UIUC OAI “collected registry Identify, has ListSets, ListMetadataFormats, and from all of thesample repositories records OAI-compliant we could find from various sources, added the data to a database, them, indexed and made them searchable.” ubiquitous finding tool, Google. Google is OAI-compliant, although it is not Search alone; also Yahoo! “indexes OA material, as does Scirus.” in particular OAIster, framework, fits theinto OpenURL/link-resolver archiving Kat Hagedorn, OAIster/metadata harvesting explained librarian in 2005: “As they need a handle I to perform the search for the understand item.” link Hagedorn added, “In resolvers, the case of OAIster, we provide a hack to link resolvers that uses the title of an item as a handle.” Arie explained an OpenURL harvesting as well as an application OpenURL application to access for citation digital objects in repositories, which was based on work being done at the Los Part Alamos National of Laboratory. this work is published in a February 2004

The 6 If an OA archive is 8 Carl Lagoze, of Cornell 7 Additionally, the Grainger EngineeringLibrarythe Grainger Infor- Additionally, A A well-known tool for cross-archive searching is For For OA archives, one of the key projects is .eprints.org) and .eprints.org) the Open Citation Project (1999–2002), which spawned Citebase (www.citebase.org). Institutions can at their register archives institutional http://archives .eprints.org and can register their official policies self-archiving at policysignup/sign.php). Eprints.org (www.eprints.org/openaccess/ OAIster, which is OAIster, a project of the of University Michigan Digital Library (http://oaister.umdl.umich.edu/o/oaister). Service Search Other ARC—A Archive Cross tools include (http://arc.cs.odu.edu). Additionally, there are tools several and projects such as Celestial (http://celestial .sherpa.ac.uk) and EPrints.org (www.eprints.org). (such as the arXiv.org e-print archive) repositories, or on institutional the other hand, kind of challenge for context-sensitive represent linking. a different Open Archives Harvesting (OAI-PMH), Initiative which “provides an application- Protocol independent for interoperability metadata Metadata framework harvesting.” based on most comprehensivemostlistings journals available.OA OA of usuallyclassifieddiscipline-specificas are which archives, OAI-PMH-compliant, OAI-PMH-compliant, then it thus achieves allowing searching. cross-archive Information about interoperability, and lists of OA archives are available at SHERPA (www University, University, and Herbert Van Alamos de National Laboratory, Sompel, are among of the the editors this of Los document. Priscilla Caplan explains, sense, in “the a OAI-PMH narrow is XML-formatted a mechanism metadata for from harvesting of distributed metadata.” collections Caplan goes broadly, on OAI-PMH to explain “is interoperability that more that a includes framework an implementation guidelines, architectural for a model, registry increasing of implementers, and a common descriptive metadata format, in addition to the harvesting protocol itself.” www.eprints.org www.sherpa.ac.uk EPrints.org OA Archives Information SHERPA www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Protocol Initiative The Open Archives Metadata Harvesting 42 Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 Experimental OAI Registry atUIUC Experimental OAIRegistry www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/sign.php Register Self-ArchivingPoliciesatEPrints.org www.citebase.org Citebase http://celestial.eprints.org Celestial http://arc.cs.odu.edu ARC—A CrossArchiveSearchService http://oaister.umdl.umich.edu/o/oaister OAIster http://gita.grainger.uiuc.edu/registry the creation of more creation such repositories. the entice and barrier lowerthe actually might that services, provisionof the in lot a invest to having without content of repositories build can owners repository if that noted a potentially Beit-Arie OAlandscape. entire the advancementforgreat is it Furthermore, OpenURL. the of uses innovative of edge cutting the on certainly is doing are Sompel, and others at the Los Alamos National Laboratory scalability is engines search distributed over model cross- be repository. can services then repository, given any from detached is layer service the If Elsevier. of part a not is it but products, Elsevier in stored articles for links text full- provides SFX words, other In provider. article full- text the example, for from, detached is SFX like much repository, the from detached layer service the a build can using one of that is objects beauty digital with The infrastructure OpenURL type). one are repositories are stored material, (of in which institutional repositories of types and other objects, at digital Many hand. of these course, Of objects. object digital on the depending would vary services such digital to case, services this be in would except there articles, to services presents SFX that sense same the in services as disseminations about innovation.” encourages that flexibility and simplicity lends provider service and provider of data functions the . . . separating Beit-Arie emphasized the work that Bekaert, Vande Bekaert, that work the emphasized Beit-Arie OAI the of advantage major “a suggests, Caplan think could one that explained further Beit-Arie 17 18

lbl pnR Rsle Rgsr (www.oclc.org/ Registry Resolver OpenURL Global registered at the http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry will bevisibleinOpenWorldCat immediately. the at registered resolveranydirectly, meaning resolverregistry the using Also, within OCLC, OCLC’s Open WorldCat service is now is available at partnership http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/resolvable. this about information More issues solved. are authentication linking, the control browser the having By providers. information COinS-aware any from page, a link resolverto that displaysappears on metadata browser-extension page. When a resolver COinS is his selected in has on name this institution Chudnov by searchable them and made format schema, XML registry in the to Chudnov conforming to entries OpenURL- registry OCLC resolver of subset a exported OCLC Library. Yale Medical the Chudnov at Dan with alreadyunderway providers.vendors, andinformation link-resolver libraries, with partnerships investigating be will and resolverregistry the formanager product new a October serve will who Shultz, Scott hired in organization the 2005 other indicated OCLC and of Norman resources Phil materials. electronic licensed libraries’ to processregistration wi th OCLC and provide wider access and e-serials. other initiatives in the works, which involve the OpenURL has Internet OCLC sites,” popular bookselling and on bibliographic, search, users Web to available database WorldCat OCLC’s in materials library-owned of records “makes which OpenWorldCatprogram, its to addition In OCLC Initiatives in these MARC in records,these which an contains OpenURL them for use in their OPACs. OCLC has added an 856 link to back exported being are libraries beta the forrecords 2006. April through Thepilotwillcontinue libraries. OCLC is testing a MARC record update process with three WorldCat.in records 31,000 against monthly maintained and arebeing Solutions, and haveset holdings been 270,000 Libris); Ex Serials by EBSCO, them (TDNet, to partners provided pilot data holdings title-level using journal collections, eSerials their representing monthly, setting libraries began pilot 21 for holdings OCLC level-one maintaining and 2005, November for In workloads. holdings their cataloging their increasing contribute without WorldCat to eSerials efficiently eSerials to for method a libraries project: is pilot pilot Holdings eSerials another The Holdings. has OCLC Registry, their register to providers.” librarians for OpenURL link-resolver vendors “would multiple with information need the registry eliminate the productworks/urlresolver.htm); First, OCLC has developed the OCLC Alpha Alpha OCLC the developed has OCLC First, omn oe ta oe neetn prnrhp is partnership interesting one that noted Norman These two initiatives work together. E-serials MARC E-serials together.work initiatives two These Resolver OpenURL Global OCLC the to addition In 20 19 It would, in essence, centralize the the centralize essence, in would, It

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Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 43 must work well together. Many Perhaps Perhaps it is fitting that this report concludes with Consistent vendor documentation can assuage OCLC OpenWorldCat OCLC OpenWorldCat www.oclc.org/worldcat/open/default.htm OCLC Alpha Global OpenURL Resolver www.oclc.org/productworks/urlresolver.htm Library COinS Browser Extensions for Your http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/resolvable which vendors simply librarians expect to purchase and have a it solve all link-resolver their product linking-access many amongst linking problems, expedite do and resolvers link although Hoover perfect. not are they resources, electronic of types noted that expect when one links fail, customers to make call or send one e-mail message and controls have rarely person one linking, of the theworld In solved. problem not if two, least at problem: linking any in variables the all three or more, companies or organizations are involved. Hoover provided one example in which seven different in its own right. This report searching will or not tackle authentication, federated but will with a discussion of metadata standardization. The NISO briefly conclude workshop OpenURL and Metasearch, which heavily was as a used source for this report and is referenced chapter VII, in “Sources and is Resources,” a good place to surrounding issues current the to introduction an for begin metasearch. Authentication schemas, such as Shibboleth (http://shibboleth.internet2.edu), are important factors in linking, as they, among other things, a provide way to hide the authentication the from process user. comments about metadata standardization, because it is the metadata that often causes the most difficulty with accurate linking. Many vendors transmit data in different formats, and although resolvers do their best to match data, they are not miracle workers. Perhaps one vendor historically handled volumes and issues in newspapers one way, while another Perhaps one differently. vendor chooses to assign ISBNs vendor chose to to conference handle proceedings, it while assign another ISSNs. Letters chooses to the to editor can be problematic, particularly with indexing and abstracting vendors (as well as other content providers) choosing examples to three only these are Yet, deal ways. themdifferent in with metadata. sea of non-standard of a vast some of the problems with importantly, metadata, vendors but must even work more together increasingly to accurate facilitate linking. Proquest’s Mike emphasized Hoover the evolution and quick acceptance of theOpenURL framework has created an environment in .

Smart Libraries Newsletter Libraries Smart 22 federated searching, authentication, and metadata authentication,and searching, federated Certainly, OCLC projects and partnerships continue Finally, Finally, on January 3, 2006, OCLC and Openly standardization, each of which is a very complex topic Marshall Breeding covers it in, “OCLC’s Ongoing Open Season Acquisitions,” on p. 1.) to be something to watch. Conclusion Other important issues for linking include and the OpenURL Informatics, Inc., announced OCLC’s acquisition of Openly Openly of acquisition OCLC’s announced Inc., Informatics, Informatics’s assets. (The press release announcing this purchase is available at www.openly.com/pr/pr24.html). Informatics’[s] “Openly Informatics: States OCLC/Openly 1.2 million-record database electronic of resources linking will metadata WorldCat. . . be . for OCLC WorldCat, in turn, used will extend the to Openly Informatics enrich database by contributing OCLC metadata covering materials in other electronic formats, including electronic books, digital audio books, [and] digital theses and dissertations.” (More acquisition information of about Openly OCLC’s of issue Informatics(26:2) 2006 February is featured in the to the OCLC Global OpenURL Resolver Registry gateway. Registry gateway. Resolver OpenURL Global theOCLC to the thelibrary’sin includes symbol OCLCOpenURL This requester entity, which allows the user to gain access to his local resolver through the library’s even when OPAC outside the library’s authentication IP and access library’s address the reached, range. is resolver Once the local systems take over. and the OpenURL Framework for Context- and the OpenURL Framework for Sensitive Services,” by Jeroen Bekaert & Herbert de Sompel Van http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/0509090 “Access Interfaces for Open Archival “Access Interfaces for Open Archival OAI-PMH Information Systems Based on the www.dlib.org/dlib/february04/bekaert/02bekaert.html www.dlib.org/dlib/february04/bekaert/02bekaert.html “Using MPEG-21 DIP and NISO OpenURL for “Using MPEG-21 of Complex Digital the Dynamic Dissemination Alamos National LaboratoryObjects in the Los Digital Library” Beit-Aire www.niso.org/news/events_workshops/OpenURL-05 -Agen-FINAL.html www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/young/07young.html Bibliographic Linking” “OpenURL: Beyond by Oren Presentation), (NISO Workshop “Using OAI-PHM . . . Differently,” by Herbert by Herbert . . . Differently,” “Using OAI-PHM et al. de Sompel Van 44 Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 U.S. voluntary standardization system.”standardization the voluntary U.S. to contribution significant through founded was outstanding it their of service recognitionin enabling ANSI to attain the objectives for which “in Award, Service instrumental in the v. 1.0 standard, werewhom of Velde,F.won Vanboth deEric and Sompel de an ANSI Meritorious versatile piece of technology. In August 2005, Herbert Van OpenURLs. are abouthow usingthose they one another with information share to OpenURLs use that vendors and Resolver Registry will OpenURL further smooth vendors Global the process, OCLC allowing the Perhaps competitive providers. content historically of ever-increasing the see cooperation to encouraging very is it all, it . il . rg ad hitn L Fruo, “OpenURL Ferguson, L. Christine and Grogg E. Jill 1. Notes problems andissues. their with assistto librarians position best the in are experts linking and vendors can be extraordinarily complex, which is why link-resolver problemslinking saying that Hoover’sechoed comments, Informatics Openly of McCormick Tim and problem. Hellman Eric linking one fixing in involved were vendors the right time. right the at reader right the for resource right the librarianship: of tenet core a ignore to is linking ignore to for agenda, isagrowing organism. Thelibrary 5. reader. ofthe Save time the 4. reader. linkits Every 3. reader hisorherlink. Every 2. Linksare for use. 1. world: digital inthe of librarianship laws five original Ranganathan’s adapt purpose—to very librarian’s the fulfill to power the has 1.0, v. OpenURL the or desire rights to access. Context-sensitive linking, the the particularly has she or he resources the reach to user. Let’s again a imagine world where a user never fails end the to service better provide to need the and desire the is technology linking, this of any forreason fundamental context-sensitive the in role its and OpenURL the OpenURLthe into other information services. a broader range of extended services and incorporation of andcapabilities become more robust, wewillseetobegin Scholar’s acceptance of standard.this As linking products Google by evidenced as implementations, possible outside other with acceptance explode to poised currently wide is it world, gain library the to yet OpenURL has the framework while Furthermore, impressive. truly is which this particular library technology has been accepted liaey te pnR v 10 s n lgn and elegant an is 1.0 v. OpenURL the Ultimately, of complexity the at depressed too become we Lest ikn wt Gol Scholar,” Google with Linking Indeed, linking must be at the top of the librarian librarian the of top the at be must linking Indeed, of importance the outlines report this Although erhr Te Magazine The Searcher: 25 The speed with with speed The 24

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12. Herbert Van de Sompel, Jeffrey A. Young, and Thomas B. Thomas Young,and A. Jeffrey Sompel, de Van Herbert 12. Ibid.,55. 11. Grogg, “LinkingUserstoOpenAccess,” 56. 10. @ Center Information Library Engineering Grainger 9. “OAI-PMH,” Caplan, Priscilla 8. Nelson, Michael Sompel, de Van Herbert Lagoze, Carl 7. 7 Caplan, “OAI-PMH.” 17. Oren “OpenURL: Beyond Beit-Arie, Bibliographic Linking” 13. 6. Jill E. Grogg, “Linking Users to Open Access,” Open to Users “Linking Grogg, E. Jill 6. Open on Focusing Overview: Access “Open Suber, Peter 5. Ibid. 4. Ibid.,44. 3. Ibid.,40. 2. 6 Jre Bket n Hret a d Sme, “Access Sompel, de Van Herbert and Bekaert Jeroen 16. Jeroen Bekaert, Lyudmila Balakireva,15. Patrick Hochstenbach, Ibid. 14. Hickey, “Using OAI-PHM . . . Differently,”. . OAI-PHM. Hickey,“Using http://gita.grainger.uiuc.edu/ (accessedDecember8,2005). registry/Info.asp UIUC,” at Registry OAI “Experimental Urbana-Champaign, at Illinois of University no. 2(Feb. 2004):24. (accessed December8,2005). 2004), 12, www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html (October Harvesting Metadata for Protocol eds., Warner, Simeon and 2005): 54. cs.DL/0509090 (accessedDecember 8,2005). www.niso 2005), 19–21, September Directions, Future and Innovations, Current Standards, New Metasearch: and OpenURL Organization, Standards Information (National 8,2005). The Magazine for Database ProfessionalsDatabase for Magazine The fos/overview.htm (accessed December8,2005). Their and Articles Preprints” (October 27, 2005), www.earlham.edu/~peters/ Research Peer-Reviewed to Access for DatabaseProfessionals 2005):39. 13,no.9(October aa Spebr 8 20) http://arxiv.org/abs/ 2005), 28, September Data, Technicaland ValueScientific Adding to and Preservation Long-Term an Ensuring 2005, of PV for Preprint, Submission Accepted (Draft, Systems Services” Framework Context-Sensitive OpenURL Information for the and Archival OAI-PMH the on Open Based for Interfaces (accessedDecember8,2005). .html http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february04/bekaert/02bekaert Laboratory National Digital Library,” Alamos Los the in Objects Digital and NISO DIP OpenURL for the MPEG-21 Dynamic Dissemination of Complex “Using Sompel, de Van Herbert and (accessedDecember8,2005). .html .org/news/events_workshops/OpenURL-05-Agen-FINAL December www.oclc (accessed Identifiers, .org/research/projects/oairesolver OAI for “ERRoLs Ibid., 2005); 8, December (accessed http://errol.oclc.org/ Viewer” “OAI young/07young.html (accessed December 8, 2005); OCLC, www.dlib.org/dlib/july03/ (July/August2003), 7/8 no. 9, D-Lib Magazine 10, no. 2 (February 2004), The Open Archives Initiative Initiative Archives Open The 24, Libraries in Computers D-Lib Magazine D-Lib 13, no. 4 (April (April 4 no. 13, Searcher:

Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org January–February 2006 45 chap. 3, n. 43). 7). of the 2005 Leadership and Service Awards” (August 15, 2005), www.ansi.org/news_publications/news_story.aspx? menuid=7&articleid=1008 (accessed December 9, 2005). 2005. 14, 2005; Ibid., “Being a Good OpenURL Source” (see October 11, 2005. worldcat/open/default.htm 9, 2005). (accessed December 45. Scholar,” 24. Hellman and McCormick, author interview (see chap. 6, n. 25. Recipients Announces Publications,“ANSI and News ANSI 22. Ibid. 23. October author, interviewthewithtelephone Hoover, Mike 18. Oren Beit-Arie, telephone interview with 19. the author, OCLC, OpenWorldCat Program (2005), www.oclc.org/ 20. Grogg and Ferguson, “OpenURL Linking with Google 21. Phil Norman, e-mail correspondence with author, 10, Nov.