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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced firom the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly firom the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be firom any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing firom left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms international A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortti Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, fVII 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9219038 “Aeneid” VI 724-899: The myth of the Aeterna regna Toptsi, Urania Molyviati, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1992 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 AENEID V I724-899: THE MYTH OF THE AETERNA REGNA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Urania Molyviati-Toptsi, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1992 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Stephen V. Tracy Frank T Coulson Nancy E. Andrews Adviser Department of Classics To My Parents, Apostolos and Olga Molyviatis To my Husband, Anestis 1 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my adviser professor Stephen V. Tracy who devoted many hours to read and correct my dissertation. His sensitive reading, his numerous comments and suggestions not only helped me to understand Virgil better but also to improve the ideas of the present dissertation. Yet, I would like to extend my thanks not only to the scholarly pzirt of his contribution but also to his fatherly guidance and advice in creating a professional classicist out of me. Thanks also go to Professor Nancy A. Andrews for discussing several ideas of this dissertation with me and enhancing them with her own background. Also I would like to thank Professor Prank T. Coulson for his suggestions and bibliographical information. Moreover, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professors June W. Allison and Charles Babkock who were serving as graduate advisers during the writing of this dissertation for being willing to hear my problems and worries and offering me helpful advice. Finally my thanks go to the entire faculty of the department of classics for the things they taught me during my Ph.D. studies and the financiail support without which I would not be able to complete my studies. Thanks also go to Mary Cole, graduate secretary, for letting me use the computer facilities of the department of Classics at after hours, as well as to Terri the expert in the use of the word processing Nota Bene for her technical advice and help. Also, thanks go the librarian Reinhardt for helping me to trace down any book I wanted and letting me use the non-circulating material of the library in the convenience of my house. i i i I would also like to express my deep gratitude to my mental friend professor Gerald M. Browne from the University of Illinois at Urbana for believing in me and encouraging me during my Ph.D. studies. Thanks also go to my good friends Dr. Stavros Frangoulides and John Tzifopoulos who shared with me all my worries and frustrations during my Ph.D. studies and reading chapters of this dissertation offering their suggestions. I thank them for making life at Colombus more pleasant. Finally, I would like to express my sincere thzinks to my husband, Anestis, for having the patience to live without his wife for five years waiting me to finish my studies. I thank him for being there in all the difficulties I had to cope with, for understanding me and offering his advice and encouragement and, frequently, his technical support with the computer. I deeply thank him for his unshakable faith in me. IV V ITA March 1, 1959 ........................................ Bom - Thessaloniki, Greece 1982 ............................................................. B.A., University of loannina, loannina, Greece 1984-85 ...................................................... M.A., MacMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 1985-87 ...................................................... Dept, of Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana 1987-91 ...................................................... The Ohio State University, Colombus, Ohio September 1991 ...................................... Course Director, Dept, of Classics, York University, Atkinson College, North York, Ontario, Canada PUBLICATIONS “A Death Certificate from the Berkeley Collection”, ZPE 77 (1989) 281-82 FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Classics Studies in Greek Literature: David Sansone Stephen‘V. Tracy Gerald M. Browne Roger Dawe Bruce Heiden Miroslav Markovich. Studies in Latin Literature: J.K. Newman Howard Jacobson Miroslav Markovich Hans P eter S tah l Carl Shiam William Batstone June W. Allison Jane M. Snyder Frank T. Coulson VI Table of Contents DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... i i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................ i i i VITA ..................... ........................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER PAGE I . ANCHISES PROPHET AND POET .......................................................... 8 I I . THE PURGATORY ...................................................................................... 33 III. THE PARADE OF ROMAN LEADERS ..................................................... 61 EPILOGUE .................................................................................................................... 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 108 V l l INTRODUCTION Aeneas’ journey to the underworld reaches its end, when Anchises accompanies his son and the Sibyl to the twin gates of Sleep and sends them out from the ivory gate of the “deceiving visions” (falsa insomnia [6.893-98]): Sunt geminae Somni poTtae, quaram altera fertur cornea, qua ueris facilis datur exitus umbris, altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto, sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, his ibi turn natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam prosequitur dictis poriaque emittit ebuma, FVom the time of Heyne onwards these final lines have baffled attempts at precise explication. ^ Some critics have interpreted the phrase/oka insomnia as an allusion to the time at which Aeneas departs from the underworld; or to the status of Aenezis himself, i.e. that he is not a real shadow. E. Norden, for instance, suggested that Aeneas departed from the ivory gate because it was not midnight, the time of departure of the true visions. * N. Reed, next, went so far as to advance that Aeneas was a false umbra, ^ 'See: Heyne, P. Virgilii Maronis Opera Omnia v.2 (London 1819); and Excursus 8 . 'E. Norden, Aeneis Buch VI. repr. Stuttgard 1977. J.V.O., “Somni Portae”, LEG 16 (1948) 386. ^N. Reed, “The Gates of Sleep in Aeneid 6” CQ ns. 23 (1973) 314. B.Ch. Kopff and N. Marinates Kopff, “Aeneas: False Dream or Messenger of the Manes? (Aeneid 6.893ff.)” Philologus 119-120 (1975-76) 249. A second group of scholars sought to explain thefalsa insomnia as the authorial message concerning the importance of the entire catabasis. Thus, B. Otis proposed that Aeneas’ experience of the underworld was itself a dream. ^ Most recently, R.J. Tarrant has convincingly argued that neither is Aeneas a false shadow nor is the catabasis a dream. ® Nevertheless, he holds that the phrase falsa insomnia, ‘deceiving visions’, is pivotal for the interpretation of the entire catabasis. Thus, he suggests that as the description of Marcellus’ death in Anchises’ speech un­ derlines the “the limitations imposed by mortality on all individual striving and expectation”, the falsa insomnia reinforce the sense of the “evanescence of mor­ tal aspirations.” ® And H.C. Gotoff interpreted thefalsa insomnia as the authorial comment on the inability of Aeneas to put into practice what he has learned from his father and in the underworld. ^ All the above critics have taken the content of the catabasis, including An- ‘B. Otis, “Three Problems of Aeneid 6”, H S C P h 90 (1959) 175-76. The pa­ per includes an extensive summary and refutation of past views with important bibhographical references. Also, P.M. Brignoli, “La Porta d’ Avorio del Libro VI dell’
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