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COMMENTARY Calchas on the Basis of an Omen Declares That Troy Must
COMMENTARY 1-20 Calchas on the basis of an omen declares that Troy must be taken by trickery. It is easy to assert 1 that Q. has combined the traditional detail2 of Odysseus' device ofthe Horse with Sinon's claim in Virg. A. 2. 185f. that Calchas 'ordered' the Greeks to build it. Even if the detail is Virg. 's own 3, in Q. Calchas' intervention is grounded in reality, is based on a wholly dif ferent set of circumstances, is strategically necessary (an effective method of crushing the stiff opposition put up by the god-fearing Neoptolemos, a motif certainly not of Q. 's own devising: 66-103n. ), and must be viewed against the background of a tradition in which oracles, prophecies and portents abound4 , and in which Calchas came to assume an increasingly dominant role 5 • Q. 's Calchas indeed (for his teaming up with Odysseus cf. the n. on 360-88, § 4 (a) (ii)) is a leading light in decision making both before and after the fall of Troy6 • His Trojan counterpart Helenos, so popular elsewhere, is virtually driven out of the action: he is a fighter viii. 252f., xi. 348f.; a seer, though not explicitly so, only in the chaotic prophecy of Hera at x. 346f. Calchas is on the scene at this point in the saga in Dictys 5. 7: he predicts that Troy will fall into Greek hands on the basis of an omen involving an eagle carrying a victim's entrails. The doubly inept Triph. 172f. is worth a passing glance: the 'aged' Calchas is in the Horse, and in his capacity as a seer he is well aware ( EU Elow~) that the Greeks were at long last going to take Troy.-Triph. -
Senecan Tragedy and Virgil's Aeneid: Repetition and Reversal
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Senecan Tragedy and Virgil's Aeneid: Repetition and Reversal Timothy Hanford Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/427 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] SENECAN TRAGEDY AND VIRGIL’S AENEID: REPETITION AND REVERSAL by TIMOTHY HANFORD A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Classics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 ©2014 TIMOTHY HANFORD All Rights Reserved ii This dissertation has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in Classics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Ronnie Ancona ________________ _______________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Dee L. Clayman ________________ _______________________________ Date Executive Officer James Ker Joel Lidov Craig Williams Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract SENECAN TRAGEDY AND VIRGIL’S AENEID: REPETITION AND REVERSAL by Timothy Hanford Advisor: Professor Ronnie Ancona This dissertation explores the relationship between Senecan tragedy and Virgil’s Aeneid, both on close linguistic as well as larger thematic levels. Senecan tragic characters and choruses often echo the language of Virgil’s epic in provocative ways; these constitute a contrastive reworking of the original Virgilian contents and context, one that has not to date been fully considered by scholars. -
Consider Rembrandt's “Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer
Charles Hill Yale University / Stanford University The Trojan Horse: Grand Strategy and National Identity Consider Rembrandt’s “Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer.” What is he contemplating? How to convey the matters of war and peace, of strategy and humanity found in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey to Aristotle’s pupil Alexander. Homer’s face and sightless eyes give no clue. Aristotle’s gaze is off into space. His right hand to Homer’s head; his left hand fingers the chain that carries a pendant engraved with the head of Alexander the Great, whose expression we cannot make out. We can imagine the thoughts and words of Homer running like an electric current up to and through the mind of Aristotle, then down and on into the mind and actions of the conqueror of the world. Sometime around the year 345 Aristotle moved to the island of Mytilene where he did biological observation. Then in 343 came the invitation for which he ever after was famed: to come to the court of King Philip II of Macedonia to tutor his son Alexander, who was then thirteen years of age. As one historian put it: A rich romance came to surround that happy coupling of prince and philosopher, and we shall not hope to see through the fog of legend or determine how far Aristotle influenced his ambitious and unlovely charge –– the boy who would become Alexander the Great and rule the world from the Peloponnesus to Persia to the Punjab. So Aristotle was given the opportunity in actuality that Plato only longed for in theory –– to educate a philosopher-king. -
Trojan War - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Trojan War from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for the 1997 Film, See Trojan War (Film)
5/14/2014 Trojan War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Trojan War From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the 1997 film, see Trojan War (film). In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen Trojan War from her husband Menelaus king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably through Homer's Iliad. The Iliad relates a part of the last year of the siege of Troy; its sequel, the Odyssey describes Odysseus's journey home. Other parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems, which have survived through fragments. Episodes from the war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets including Virgil and Ovid. The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite, after Eris, the goddess of strife and discord, gave them a golden apple, sometimes known as the Apple of Discord, marked "for the fairest". Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, who judged that Aphrodite, as the "fairest", should receive the apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen, the most beautiful Achilles tending the wounded Patroclus of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love with Paris, who (Attic red-figure kylix, c. 500 BC) took her to Troy. Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and the brother of Helen's husband Menelaus, led an expedition of Achaean The war troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years because of Paris' Setting: Troy (modern Hisarlik, Turkey) insult. -
History and Vision in Byron, the Shelleys, and Keats Timothy Ruppert
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 2008 "Is Not the Past All Shadow?": History and Vision in Byron, the Shelleys, and Keats Timothy Ruppert Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Ruppert, T. (2008). "Is Not the Past All Shadow?": History and Vision in Byron, the Shelleys, and Keats (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1132 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “IS NOT THE PAST ALL SHADOW?”: HISTORY AND VISION IN BYRON, THE SHELLEYS, AND KEATS A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Timothy Ruppert March 2008 Copyright by Timothy Ruppert 2008 “IS NOT THE PAST ALL SHADOW?”: HISTORY AND VISION IN BYRON, THE SHELLEYS, AND KEATS By Timothy Ruppert Approved March 25, 2008 _____________________________ _____________________________ Daniel P. Watkins, Ph.D. Jean E. Hunter , Ph.D. Professor of English Professor of History (Dissertation Director) (Committee Member) _____________________________ _____________________________ Albert C. Labriola, Ph.D. Magali Cornier Michael, Ph.D. Professor of English Professor of English (Committee Member) (Chair, Department of English) _____________________________ Albert C. Labriola, Ph.D. Dean, McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Professor of English iii ABSTRACT “IS NOT THE PAST ALL SHADOW?”: HISTORY AND VISION IN BYRON, THE SHELLEYS, AND KEATS By Timothy Ruppert March 2008 Dissertation Supervised by Professor Daniel P. -
Minor Characters in the Aeneid Page 1
Minor Characters in the Aeneid Page 1 The following characters are described in the pages that follow the list. Page Order Alphabetical Order Aeolus 2 Achaemenides 8 Neptune 2 Achates 2 Achates 2 Aeolus 2 Ilioneus 2 Allecto 19 Cupid 2 Amata 17 Iopas 2 Andromache 8 Laocoon 2 Anna 9 Sinon 3 Arruns 22 Coroebus 3 Caieta 13 Priam 4 Camilla 22 Creusa 6 Celaeno 7 Helen 6 Coroebus 3 Celaeno 7 Creusa 6 Harpies 7 Cupid 2 Polydorus 7 Dēiphobus 11 Achaemenides 8 Drances 30 Andromache 8 Euryalus 27 Helenus 8 Evander 24 Anna 9 Harpies 7 Iarbas 10 Helen 6 Palinurus 10 Helenus 8 Dēiphobus 11 Iarbas 10 Marcellus 12 Ilioneus 2 Caieta 13 Iopas 2 Latinus 13 Juturna 31 Lavinia 15 Laocoon 2 Lavinium 15 Latinus 13 Amata 17 Lausus 20 Allecto 19 Lavinia 15 Mezentius 20 Lavinium 15 Lausus 20 Marcellus 12 Camilla 22 Mezentius 20 Arruns 22 Neptune 2 Evander 24 Nisus 27 Nisus 27 Palinurus 10 Euryalus 27 Polydorus 7 Drances 30 Priam 4 Juturna 31 Sinon 2 An outline of the ACL presentation is at the end of the handout. Minor Characters in the Aeneid Page 2 Aeolus – with Juno as minor god, less than Juno (tributary powers), cliens- patronus relationship; Juno as bargainer and what she offers. Both of them as rulers, in contrast with Neptune, Dido, Aeneas, Latinus, Evander, Mezentius, Turnus, Metabus, Ascanius, Acestes. Neptune – contrast as ruler with Aeolus; especially aposiopesis. Note following sympathy and importance of rhetoric and gravitas to control the people. Is the vir Aeneas (bringing civilization), Augustus (bringing order out of civil war), or Cato (actually -
The Classical Mythology of Milton's English Poems
YALE STUDIES IN ENGLISH ALBERT S. COOK, Editor VIII THE CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY OF Milton's English poems CHARLES GROSVENOR OSGOOD, Ph.D. NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY igoo Ss9a Copyright, igoo, BY CHARLES GROSVENOR OSGOOD, Ph.D. J^ 7/SS TO PROFESSQR ALBERT S. COOK AND PROFESSOR THOMAS D. SEYMOUR — PREFACE The student who diligently peruses the lines of a great poem may go far toward a realization of its char- acter. He may appreciate, in a degree, its loveliness, strength, and direct hold upon the catholic truth of life. But he will be more sensitive to these appeals, and receive gifts that are richer and less perishable, accord- ing as he comprehends the forces by whose interaction the poem was produced. These are of two kinds the innate forces of the poet's character, and certain more external forces, such as, in the case of Milton, are represented by Hellenism and Hebraism. Their activ- ity is greatest where they meet and touch, and at this point their nature and measure are most easily dis- cerned. From a contemplation of the poem in its gene- sis one returns to a deeper understanding and enjoyment of it as a completed whole. The present study, though it deals with but one of the important cultural influ- ences affecting Milton, and with it but in part, endeav- ors by this method to deepen and clarify the apprecia- tion of his art and teaching. My interest in the present work has found support and encouragement in the opinions of Mr. Churton Collins, as expressed in his valuable book. -
Aeneid Excerpts
Provided by The Internet Classics Archive. See bottom for copyright. Available online at http://classics.mit.edu//Virgil/aeneid.html The Aeneid By Virgil Translated by John Dryden ---------------------------------------------------------------------- BOOK I Arms, and the man I sing, who, forc'd by fate, And haughty Juno's unrelenting hate, Expell'd and exil'd, left the Trojan shore. Long labors, both by sea and land, he bore, And in the doubtful war, before he won The Latian realm, and built the destin'd town; His banish'd gods restor'd to rites divine, And settled sure succession in his line, From whence the race of Alban fathers come, And the long glories of majestic Rome. O Muse! the causes and the crimes relate; What goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offense the Queen of Heav'n began To persecute so brave, so just a man; Involv'd his anxious life in endless cares, Expos'd to wants, and hurried into wars! Can heav'nly minds such high resentment show, Or exercise their spite in human woe? Against the Tiber's mouth, but far away, An ancient town was seated on the sea; A Tyrian colony; the people made Stout for the war, and studious of their trade: Carthage the name; belov'd by Juno more Than her own Argos, or the Samian shore. Here stood her chariot; here, if Heav'n were kind, The seat of awful empire she design'd. Yet she had heard an ancient rumor fly, (Long cited by the people of the sky,) That times to come should see the Trojan race Her Carthage ruin, and her tow'rs deface; Nor thus confin'd, the yoke of sov'reign sway Should on the necks of all the nations lay. -
DECEPTION and THEODICY in AENEID 1-4 by Kevin Gaul
DECEPTION AND THEODICY IN AENEID 1-4 by Kevin Gaul Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2017 © Copyright by Kevin Gaul, 2017 To my patient parents and somewhat faithful dog. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ............................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. LATE AEQUARA TUTA SILENT ........................................................... 6 CHAPTER 3. DOLUS AN VIRTUS, QUIS IN HOSTE REQUIRAT? ........................ 19 CHAPTER 4. POSTQUAM RES ASIAE PRIAMIQUE EVERTERE GENTEM ...... 33 CHAPTER 5. UNA DOLO DIVUM SI FEMINA VICTA DUORUM EST ................. 50 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 61 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 68 iii ABSTRACT The theme of deception, or dolus, is undeniably central to the Aeneid, both as a frequent vehicle for the unfolding narrative and as a means by which the poet explores more complex themes. Ultimately, this thesis aims to shed light -
The Government of Troy: Politics in the Iliad William Merritt Sale
The Government of Troy: Politics in the "Iliad" Sale, William Merritt Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1994; 35, 1; ProQuest pg. 5 The Government of Troy: Politics in the Iliad William Merritt Sale N RECENTLY PUBLISHED STUDIES of Homeric formulae I have I called attention, on the basis of statistical evidence, to two facts about Homer's Trojans in the Iliad: (1) The nominative proper-name formulae used by the poet to refer to them display a remarkable lacuna: there are no frequently occurring, 'regular', formulae. 1 The other characters and peoples who are mentioned anything like as often as the Trojans all have regular formulae, usually more than one. We give the term 'regular formula' a quantitative definition, "exactly repeated six times or more," but the phenomenon is not mere ly quantitative; there are certain qualities that regular formulae have and that infrequently occurring formulae tend to lack. Most notable of these are their noun-epithet form (nominative proper-name noun-verb formulae all occur infrequently) and the occurrence of the formula in a major colon:2 frequently oc curring formulae are noun-epithet and occupy major cola; infre quent formulae fall in minor cola, and the less frequently they occur, the more likely they are to fall in minor cola and to be noun-verbal in syntax. Hence the distinction between regular and infrequent formulae is qualitative, and the Trojans in the nominative lack something they ought to have, noun-epithet formulae used regularly to fill metrical spaces that the other characters have formulae to fill. A lack of regular formulae is significant; and the significance is statistically demonstrable.3 1 w. -
The Aeneid Virgil
The Aeneid Virgil TRANSLATED BY A. S. KLINE ROMAN ROADS MEDIA Classical education, from a Christian perspective, created for the homeschool. Roman Roads combines its technical expertise with the experience of established authorities in the field of classical education to create quality video courses and resources tailored to the homeschooler. Just as the first century roads of the Roman Empire were the physical means by which the early church spread the gospel far and wide, so Roman Roads Media uses today’s technology to bring timeless truth, goodness, and beauty into your home. By combining excellent instruction augmented with visual aids and examples, we help inspire in your children a lifelong love of learning. The Aeneid by Virgil translated by A. S. Kline This text was designed to accompany Roman Roads Media's 4-year video course Old Western Culture: A Christian Approach to the Great Books. For more information visit: www.romanroadsmedia.com. Other video courses by Roman Roads Media include: Grammar of Poetry featuring Matt Whitling Introductory Logic taught by Jim Nance Intermediate Logic taught by Jim Nance French Cuisine taught by Francis Foucachon Copyright © 2015 by Roman Roads Media, LLC Roman Roads Media 739 S Hayes St, Moscow, Idaho 83843 A ROMAN ROADS ETEXT The Aeneid Virgil TRANSLATED BY H. R. FAIRCLOUGH BOOK I Bk I:1-11 Invocation to the Muse I sing of arms and the man, he who, exiled by fate, first came from the coast of Troy to Italy, and to Lavinian shores – hurled about endlessly by land and sea, by the will of the gods, by cruel Juno’s remorseless anger, long suffering also in war, until he founded a city and brought his gods to Latium: from that the Latin people came, the lords of Alba Longa, the walls of noble Rome. -
The Iliad of Homer by Homer
The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Iliad of Homer by Homer This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Iliad of Homer Author: Homer Release Date: September 2006 [Ebook 6130] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILIAD OF HOMER*** The Iliad of Homer Translated by Alexander Pope, with notes by the Rev. Theodore Alois Buckley, M.A., F.S.A. and Flaxman's Designs. 1899 Contents INTRODUCTION. ix POPE'S PREFACE TO THE ILIAD OF HOMER . xlv BOOK I. .3 BOOK II. 41 BOOK III. 85 BOOK IV. 111 BOOK V. 137 BOOK VI. 181 BOOK VII. 209 BOOK VIII. 233 BOOK IX. 261 BOOK X. 295 BOOK XI. 319 BOOK XII. 355 BOOK XIII. 377 BOOK XIV. 415 BOOK XV. 441 BOOK XVI. 473 BOOK XVII. 513 BOOK XVIII. 545 BOOK XIX. 575 BOOK XX. 593 BOOK XXI. 615 BOOK XXII. 641 BOOK XXIII. 667 BOOK XXIV. 707 CONCLUDING NOTE. 747 Illustrations HOMER INVOKING THE MUSE. .6 MARS. 13 MINERVA REPRESSING THE FURY OF ACHILLES. 16 THE DEPARTURE OF BRISEIS FROM THE TENT OF ACHILLES. 23 THETIS CALLING BRIAREUS TO THE ASSISTANCE OF JUPITER. 27 THETIS ENTREATING JUPITER TO HONOUR ACHILLES. 32 VULCAN. 35 JUPITER. 38 THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER. 39 JUPITER SENDING THE EVIL DREAM TO AGAMEMNON. 43 NEPTUNE. 66 VENUS, DISGUISED, INVITING HELEN TO THE CHAMBER OF PARIS.