DOCSLIB.ORG

Land Law in Burundi: Legal and Social Ordering of Land Tenure in Historical and Contemporary Burundi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Land Law in Burundi: Legal and Social Ordering of Land Tenure in Historical and Contemporary Burundi LAND LAW IN BURUNDI: LEGAL AND SOCIAL ORDERING OF LAND TENURE IN HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY BURUNDI by Erangois-Ao Barras Thesis submitted for the Degree of PhD in the Department of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London June 1982 ProQuest Number: 11010588 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010588 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1 1 LIST OF SKETCHES 13 LIST OF MAPS lU LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 15 LIST OF DOCUMENTS l 6 TABLE OF STATUTES AND ORDERS 18 TABLE OF CASES COLLECTED 23 Preliminary Remarks 31 1. General introduction 31 2. The use of Kirundi terminology ^3 3. Structure of the enquiry ^ PART I : SOME GENERAL INFORMATION ON BURUNDI IN 5 1 RELATION TO THE PRESENT STUDY Chapter 1 : Geography and Economy of Burundi 51 Chapter 2 : A Brief Account of the History of Burundi 5 6 A. Pre-colonial Burundi 5 6 B. The colonial Burundi period 6 3 C. Independent Burundi 6 6 Chapter 3 : Some Characteristics of Burundi Lav and 6 7 Administration of Justice A 0 Pre-colonial and colonial Burundi 6 7 B. Independent Burundi 71 Co The daily process of settlement of dispute in 75 contemporary Burundi 1. The unofficial mediation process of the abashingantahe 75 2. The various grades of court 80 3 Page Chapter h : The Significance of Land in Burundi and 8l Related Terminology A. Symbolic, social and economic significance of land 8 l Bo Terminology related to land 8 8 lo Geographical terminology 8 9 2. Vegetation terminology 90 3» Social terminology 93 Chapter 5 : Legal Pluralism and Interests over Land 95 PART II : THE FIELD OF WRITTEN LAW 99 Chapter 6 : Written Land Law during the Colonial Period 99 A. The German period 99 B. The Belgian period 101 1. Public land 106 2c Native land 109 3. Registered land 110 (i) Commercial, industrial and residential grants in urban districts and commercial centres (ii) Agricultural grants (iii) Grants to missions Chapter 7 : Written Land Lav in Present-day Burundi 122 A. Organization of the Department of Land Affairs 12U and Land Surveying B. The main types of interests over land granted 126 according to written law (1) Freehold ownership (droit de propriete) 127 (2) Tenancy (location) 131 (3) The droit de superficie 132 (U) The droit d1emphytheose 132 (5) The autorisation d*occupation et d*usage 133 Co Registered land in contemporary Burunti 13^ PART III : THE FIELD OF CUSTOMARY LAW 138 Chapter 8 : Various Approaches’ to Customary Land Law 138 A» The attitude of colonial authorities towards 138 customary land law Bo The fate of customary land law in independent Burundi 1^ C. Towards a definition of customary interests over land 1^8 the concept of nyen* itongo (1) The nature of the interests over'land he.Id by the ny. ut * itongo 1 5 3 (2 ) The origin of the interests over land held by the nyen ’ itongo 155 (3) The proofs of the interests over land held by the nyen 1 1 5 6 itongo: the customary procedure by which one becomes n y e n 1itongo. {h) The loss of the interests over land held by the nyen* 1 5 7 itongo. 4 Page Chapter 9 : ?o J. 1 1 i co-A dm i n £ & t ra t .i. ve Authorities as Holders p 6 t of Customary Interests over land Ao Interests over land held by political authorities l 6 U in pre-colonial and colonial Burundi lo The forms of native political control 1 7 I+ over L'..i: (a) Allotment of non-granted laud to subjects 17^ (b) Control over land abandoned by subjects (c) Control over land .loft without heirs 1 7 8 (d) Confiscation of landed property as penalty ( i.) The concept of kunyaga (ii) Limits on arbitrary actions of political authorities (e) Collection of tribute and performance of l 8 U work duties by subjects (f) Control over the legal ordering of land 1 8 7 tenure through the settlement of land disputes (g) Control over the conveyance of direct 1 8 8 control interests over land held by subjects by means of contract and will (i) Control over conveyance by means of contract (ii) Control over conveyance by means of will 2. Specific interests over land held by the Mwami, 191 chiefs and sub-chiefs I„ The MwamiTs interests over land 191 a. General remarks on the Mwami's interests over land b. The effective exercise of the Mwami’s 193 interests over land (i) Territories conceded to chiefs (ii) The M w a m i !s chiefdom (ii.i) The various royal estates scattered all over Burundi IIo The chief’s interests over land 198 III. The sub-chief’s interests over land 20^ B. Interests held over land by political administrative 206 authorities in independent Burundi Chapter 10 : Groups as Holders of Customary Interests over Land 21^ A. Interests over land held by the whole community 2lb 1. Grazing rights 2lb 2. Hunting rights 217 3. Rights over mineral deposits 217 b. Rights to collect firewood 218 5u Rights over water 218 6 . Rights of way 218 B. Interests over land held by kinship groups 219 1. The clan 219 2. The localized patrilineage 220 3. The local kin group 223 b. The household 225 5 Page Chapter 11 : Individuals as Holders of Customary Interests 226 over Land originating in Kinship A. The concept of itongo ry'umuryango 229 (1) Its definition 229 (2) The father as nyen'itongo ry1umuryango 230 B. The distribution of benefit interests over itongo 235 umuryango lc The distribution of benefit interests within the family 236 (a) Allocation of a plot to children for 237 educational purposes (b) Allocation of a plot to one of the spouses 238 (c) Allocation of land to sons who are about to 239 get married (d) Allocation of a plot to a married daughter 2^1 (e) Allocation of a plot to a married daughter 2k2 who does not receive the customary visits and gifts from her paternal family (f) Allocation of a plot to a divorced, widowed 2kk or unmarried daughter (g) Allocation of land to a repudiated woman 251 with children who remains on her husband's holding (h) Allocation of land to the various wives of 253 a polygamous household (j) Allocation of land to a relative 25^ C. The main principles related to the conveyance of a 255 direct control interest over itongo ry'umuryango 1. Gift of land which is part of itongo ry*umuryango 255 (a) Gift of land within the family 256 (b) Gift of land outside the family 257 2. Sale of land which is part of itongo ry*umuryango 2 5 8 3. Conveyance of direct control interest over land 259 by way of succession (a) The basic principles of the inheritance of 2 6 0 landed property (b) Particular situations related to the 2 6 2 inheritance of landed property (i) Children.'issued frosa polygamous unions as* 2 6 3 .heirs to landed property (ii) Daughters as heirs to landed property 26k (iii) Children of diYorced parents as heirs 268 to landed property (iv) Natural children as heirs to landed 271 property (v) Orphans as heirs to landed prope, rty 2 7 8 (vi) Family members as heirs to landed 28l property when the nyen'itongo has died without offspring (vii) The widow as heir to landed property 2 8 3 6 Page (c) The powers of the testator 286 (i) The will in Burundi customary law 286 (ii) The main acts of the testator 2 8 9 (1) The allocation of specific shares to legitimate heirs (2) The appointment of heirs other than the legitimate heirs (3) Disinheritance of a legitimate heir (d) The various states of distribution of landed 2 9 9 property through succession (e) Some effects of the development of the customary 3 0 3 rules governing inheritance on land tenure (i) The influence of the new types of land 3 0 U exploitation on inheritance rules (ii) The influence of the evolution of 3 0 5 inheritance rules on land tenure Chapter 12 : Individuals As holders of Customary Interests 306 over Land originating in a Grant from a Political Authority A. The various ways of obtaining land from a political 306 authority in Burundi before Independence B. The allotment procedure 3 0 9 C. The grant of uncleared land (itongo ry^nyicire) 3 1 ^ D. Grants by the State in present-day Burundi 3 1 5 Chapter 13 : Individuals as Holders of Customary Interests 3 1 7 over Land originating in Contract A. Direct control interest over land acquired by 3 1 9 way of exchange Bo Direct control interest over land acquired by way 3 2 1 of purchase Co Direct control interest over land acquired by way of gift 3 3 0 Do Benefit interest over land acquired by way of loan 3 3 1 Eo Benefit interest over land acquired by way of renting 3 3 5 lo The traditional renting agreement with a rent in kind 3 3 6 2„ The modern renting agreement with a rent in cash 3 3 8 F.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism
    African Minds Higher Education Dynamics Series Vol. 2 Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism Edited by Thierry M Luescher, Manja Klemenčič and James Otieno Jowi A NOTE ABOUT THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS This open access publication forms part of the African Minds peer reviewed, academic books list, the broad mission of which is to support the dissemination of African scholarship and to foster access, openness and debate in the pursuit of growing and deepening the African knowledge base. Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism was reviewed by two external peers with expert knowledge in higher education in general and in African higher education in particular. Copies of the reviews are available from the publisher on request. First published in 2016 by African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za 2016 African Minds This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ISBN: 978-1-928331-22-3 eBook edition: 978-1-928331-23-0 ePub edition: 978-1-928331-24-7 ORDERS: African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za For orders from outside Africa: African Books Collective PO Box 721, Oxford OX1 9EN, UK [email protected] CONTENTS Acronyms and abbreviations v Acknowledgements x Foreword xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Thierry M Luescher, Manja Klemenčič and James Otieno Jowi Chapter 2 Student organising in African higher
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi
    Human Rights as Means for Peace : the Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi Author: Fidele Ingiyimbere Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2475 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2011 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. BOSTON COLLEGE-SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AND MINISTY S.T.L THESIS Human Rights as Means for Peace The Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi By Fidèle INGIYIMBERE, S.J. Director: Prof David HOLLENBACH, S.J. Reader: Prof Thomas MASSARO, S.J. February 10, 2011. 1 Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 0 General Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 CHAP. I. SETTING THE SCENE IN BURUNDI ......................................................................... 8 I.1. Historical and Ecclesial Context........................................................................................... 8 I.2. 1972: A Controversial Period ............................................................................................. 15 I.3. 1983-1987: A Church-State Conflict .................................................................................. 22 I.4. 1993-2005: The Long Years of Tears................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Words That Kill Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great Lakes Region of Africa
    Words That Kill Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great lakes Region of Africa Words That Kill Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great lakes Region of Africa About International Alert International Alert is an independent peacebuilding organisation that has worked for over 20 years to lay the foundations for lasting peace and security in communities affected by violent conflict. Our multifaceted approach focuses both in and across various regions; aiming to shape policies and practices that affect peacebuilding; and helping build skills and capacity through training. Our regional work is based in the African Great Lakes, West Africa, the South Caucasus, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Colombia. Our thematic projects work at local, regional and international levels, focusing on cross-cutting issues critical to building sustainable peace. These include business and economy, gender, governance, aid, security and justice. We are one of the world’s leading peacebuilding NGOs with an estimated income of £8.4 million in 2008 and more than 120 staff based in London and our 11 field offices. ©International Alert 2008 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means, electronic, mechanical, photocoplying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution. Design, production, print and publishing consultants: Ascent Limited [email protected] Printed in Kenya This report would not have been possible without the generous financial support of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Bread for the World. Table of Contents 1. Foreword 5 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Stoking the Fires
    STOKING THE FIRES Military Assistance and Arms Trafficking in Burundi Human Rights Watch Arms Project Human Rights Watch New York AAA Washington AAA London AAA Brussels Copyright 8 December 1997 by Human Rights Watch All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-177-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-80896 Human Rights Watch Arms Project The Human Rights Watch Arms Project was established in 1992 to monitor and prevent arms transfers to governments or organizations that commit gross violations of internationally recognized human rights and the rules of war and promote freedom of information regarding arms transfers worldwide. Joost R. Hiltermann is the director; Stephen D. Goose is the program director; Loretta Bondì is the Advocacy Coordinator; Andrew Cooper, and Ernst Jan Hogendoorn are research assistants; Rebecca Bell is the associate; William M. Arkin, Kathi L. Austin, Dan Connell, Monica Schurtman, and Frank Smyth are consultants. Torsten N. Wiesel is the chair of the board and Nicole Ball and Vincent McGee are the vice-chairs. Addresses for Human Rights Watch 485 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017-6104 Tel: (212) 972-8400, Fax: (212) 972-0905, E-mail: [email protected] 1522 K Street, N.W., #910, Washington, DC 20005-1202 Tel: (202) 371-6592, Fax: (202) 371-0124, E-mail: [email protected] 33 Islington High Street, N1 9LH London, UK Tel: (171) 713-1995, Fax: (171) 713-1800, E-mail: [email protected] 15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (2) 732-2009, Fax: (2) 732-0471, E-mail: [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To subscribe to the list, send an e-mail message to [email protected] with Asubscribe hrw-news@ in the body of the message (leave the subject line blank).
    [Show full text]
  • ECFG-Burundi-Apr-19.Pdf
    About this Guide This guide is designed to help prepare you for deployment to culturally complex environments and successfully achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information it contains will help you understand the decisive cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain necessary skills to achieve mission success. ECFG The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1: Introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment. Burundi Part 2: Presents “Culture Specific” Burundi, focusing on unique cultural features of Burundian society and is designed to complement other pre-deployment training. It applies culture- general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location (Photo courtesy of IRIN News © Jane Some). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Pastoral Ministry on the Transformation of Church Organisations
    The impact of pastoral ministry on the transformation of church organisations G Manirambona orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-8838 Dissertation submitted for the degree Magister Theologiae in Pastoral Studies at the North-West University Supervisor: Prof dr J Kommers Co-supervisor: Dr N Chiroma Assistant supervisor: Prof RM Potgieter Graduation: October 2019 Student number: 26827239 DECLARATION I, Gerance Manirambona declare that this dissertation, titled the impact of pastoral ministry on the transformation of church organisations, submitted to the North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, is my original work and has not been previously submitted to any other university. November 2018 _____________________________ ____________________________ Signature Date Gerance Manirambona Student number: 26827239 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I owe a debt of gratitude to so many people for their helpful insights toward the writing of this research-based dissertation. I would like to single out some of them. Prof. Johan Kommers, the supervisor and Dr. Nathan Chiroma, the co-supervisor for performing as academic supervisors for my exploration and for their great help. I also want to thank Prof RM Potgieter who followed up this research as assistant supervisor. Their practical reflections, motivations and insight have led me to search for appropriate theoretical frameworks and so I am a better researcher because of their mentoring. I wish to thank Dr. Frederick Kakwata who assisted me in my work and whose insights regarding this research have been invaluable. I have greatly benefited from the research workshop I attended at International Leadership University (ILU), under the leadership of Prof. Bosela Eale, Dr. Fohle Lygunda li-M, and Rev. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Reports Are the Products of Their Collaboration with a Wide Range of People Inside and Outside Burundi
    The Burundi Human Rights Initiative A STRANGLEHOLD ON BURUNDI’S FUTURE December 2020 A Stranglehold on Burundi's Future WHAT IS THE BURUNDI HUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVE? The Burundi Human Rights Initiative (BHRI) is an independent human rights project that aims to document the evolving human rights situation in Burundi, with a particular focus on events linked to the 2020 elections. It intends to expose the drivers of human rights violations with a view to establishing an accurate record that will help bring justice to Burundians and find a solution to the ongoing human rights crisis. BHRI’s publications also analyse the political and social context in which these violations occur to provide a deeper and more nuanced understanding of human rights trends in Burundi. BHRI has no political affiliation. Its investigations cover human rights violations by the Burundian government as well as abuses by armed opposition groups. Carina Tertsakian, Lane Hartill and Thijs Van Laer lead BHRI and are its principal researchers. They have worked on human rights issues in Burundi and the Great Lakes region of Africa for many years. BHRI’s reports are the products of their collaboration with a wide range of people inside and outside Burundi. BHRI welcomes feedback on its publications as well as further information about the human rights situation in Burundi. Please write to [email protected] or +1 267 896 3399 (WhatsApp). Additional information is available at www.burundihri.org or on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/@BHRI_IDHB. ©2020 The Burundi Human Rights Initiative Cover photo: President Évariste Ndayishimiye (centre), Prime Minister Alain Guillaume Bunyoni (right), minister of interior, community development and public security Gervais Ndirakobuca (left).
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict-Affected Women's Perceptions of Psychosocial Well
    Final Report: Perceptions of Psychosocial Well-being Among Conflict Affected Women in Burundi Kumererwa-neza: To Be Well in Your Heart Understanding Conflict-Affected Women’s Perceptions of Psychosocial Well-Being in Burundi Prepared by Martha Bragin PhD Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College City University of New York May 2013 Understanding psychosocial well-being among women in Burundi: A participatory study Imprint: To cite this study: Bragin, M., Nzeyimana, G., Ntacobakinvuna, D. & Eibs, T. (2013). Kumererwa-neza: To Be Well in Your Heart. Understanding Conflict-Affected Women’s Perceptions of Psychosocial Well-being in Burundi. Vienna and Bujumbura: CARE Österreich For further information refer to [email protected] Online download under: http://care.at/expert/coe-resources/psychosocial May 2013 1 Understanding psychosocial well-being among women in Burundi: A participatory study ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The PIs express their gratitude to the leadership of CARE International in Burundi, especially Ms Ida Ntawundora, Program Director, Women’s Empowerment, and Laurent Uwumuremyi, Program Quality and Learning Director, without whose support and generosity the work would not have been possible. In addition, gratitude is owed to the entire office staff for their collaboration. Michelle Carter, Country Director, Yawo Douvon, Assistant Country Director facilitated the implementation of the pilot study, making the entire project possible. Josée Ntabahungu facilitated the entire pilot study, working weekends and holidays to ensure that the work went forward. The PIs also express their gratitude to the Transcultural Psychosocial Organization under the direction of Herman Ndayisaba for their role in facilitation and to Consolata Mayondo, Project Director, for arranging and organizing the entire second round.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study on Establishing Digital Topographic Database for Bujumbura City, Burundi
    REPUBLIC OF BURUNDI IGEBU: INSTITUT GEOGRAPHIQUE DU BURUNDI THE STUDY ON ESTABLISHING DIGITAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATABASE FOR BUJUMBURA CITY, BURUNDI Final Report March 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY（JICA） EI PASCO CORPORATION JR 13-095 Currency exchange rate Currency unit: Burundian franc (BIF) 1 dollar = 1,535.82 BIF (interbank exchange rate on 28 February 2013) 1 dollar = 91.84 JPY (interbank exchange rate on March 2013) The Study on Establishing Digital Topographic Database for Bujumbura City, Burundi Final Report Table of Contents 1. OUTLINE OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................1 1-1. OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................ 1 1-2. STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................................. 1 1-3. DETAILS AND WORKLOAD OF STUDY ............................................................................................ 3 1-4. WORKFLOW ............................................................................................................................... 4 2. OUTPUTS OF THE STUDY AND THEIR OUTCOME, RECOMMENDATION .............8 2-1. EXPECTED CASES OF THE UTILIZATION OF THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP DATA ........................................ 8 2-2. MECHANISM FOR THE UTILIZATION OF THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP DATA ........................................... 12 2-3. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Education in Danger
    Education in Danger Monthly News Brief January Teachers killed, kidnapped and arrested (KKA) 2020 and schools damaged and destroyed (DD) Africa This monthly digest compiles Burkina Faso reported incidents of 12 January 2020: Near Diabatou town, Piéla department, Gnagna threatened or actual violence province, Est region, an unnamed school was burned during an attack affecting education. on Bolimanou hamlet. JNIM or ISGS militants are believed carried out the attack. No casualties reported. Source: ACLED1* It is prepared by Insecurity Insight from information 18 January 2020: In Roffeneg village, Sanmatenga province, Centre- available in open sources. Nord Region, an unnamed school was set on fire and seven people The listed reports have not been killed in an attack on the village by presumed JNIM or ISGS militants. independently verified and do * Source: Infowakat not represent the totality of events that affected the 23 January 2020: In Donla village, Komonjdjari province, Est region, provision of education over the two teachers were kidnapped from an unnamed school by suspected reporting period. JNIM or ISGs militants. The teachers were reportedly assaulted or subjected to torture-like methods. The militants seized three Access data from the Education motorbikes belonging to staff. The school and all others in the region in Danger Monthly News Brief closed following the incident. Sources: Infowakat and Burkina24* on HDX Insecurity Insight. Visit our website to download Burundi previous Monthly News Briefs. 15 January 2020: On Cishwa hill, Bugendana commune, Gitega province, a CNL supporter and teacher was attacked by Imbonerakure Join our mailing list to receive who accused him of having held an illegal CNL political party meeting monthly reports on insecurity that morning.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cause of Conflict in Burundi
    Högskolan Dalarna Juvenal Hatungimana International Relations II Research Paper, 7,5 Credits SK 1041 Spring 2011 THE CAUSE OF CONFLICT IN BURUNDI Head teacher: Thomas Sedelius Abstract In my research paper, I will focus on the security situation in the Republic of Burundi, a small country located in the African Great Lakes, which knows a long period of political instability and armed conflict since its independence untill now. The aim is to make the necessarly investigations in order to discover the cause of the conflict in Burundi and to see how the political realist theory of self- interests and materialist values in politics applie to this situation. I will use Mill’s method of difference to test how it can help to find maybe, an answer to my research question. 2 Table of content Front page……………………………………………………………………………………1 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….2 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Method………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Geographical location…………………………………………………………………. 4 Historical context………………………………………………………………..……… 4 History of conflict in Burundi………………………………………………….……5 Different civil wars…………………………………………………………….………..6 Arusha peace negotiations…………………………………………….……….…….8 Defining ethnic groups…………………………………………………………………9 Political realism approach…………………………………………………………..11 The vicious circle………………………………………………………………….…….12 The true cause of conflict in Burundi…………………………………………...13 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………16 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………… .17 3 Introduction The objective of
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    BURUNDI COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Julius W. Walker, Jr. 1961-1963 Political Officer, Bujumbura Jacob Gillespie 1963-1964 Assistant Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Bujumbura Jay K. Katzen 1963-1964 Economic Officer, Bujumbura Thompson R. Buchanan 1964-1966 Deputy Chief of Mission, Bujumbura John D. Stempel 1965-1968 Acting Deputy Chief of Mission, Bujumbura L. Michael Rives 1966-1968 Chargé d’Affaires, Bujumbura Thomas P. Melady 1969-1972 Ambassador, Burundi Miles S. Pendleton, Jr. 1970-1972 Political-Economic Officer, Bujumbura Michael P.E. Hoyt 1970-1972 Deputy Chief of Mission, Bujumbura David E. Mark 1974-1977 Analyst, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, DC Thomas J. Corcoran 1978-1980 Ambassador, Burundi E. Michael Southwick 1979-1982 Deputy Chief of Mission, Bujumbura Katherine Schwering 1980-1982 Political/Economic Officer, Bujumbura Frances D. Cook 1980-1983 Ambassador, Burundi Joseph C. Wilson, IV 1982-1985 Deputy Chief of Mission, Bujumbura James R. Bullington 1983-1986 Ambassador, Burundi Dennis Hays 1985-1988 Deputy Chief of Mission, Bujumbura James D. Phillips 1986-1990 Ambassador, Burundi Cynthia S. Perry 1990-1993 Ambassador, Burundi Glenn Slocum 1990-1993 Director, USAID, Bujumbura Glenn Slocum 1994-1997 Director, East Africa Office, USAID, Washington, DC Robert J. Kott 1995 Rwanda-Burundi Task Force, Washington, DC Charles H. Twining 2004 Bureau of African Affairs, Washington, DC JULIUS W. WALKER, JR. Political Officer Bujumbura (1961-1963) Ambassador Julius W. Walker, Jr. was born February 21, 1927 in Plainview, Texas. After serving in the United States Marine Corps, he received his bachelor’s degree from The University of Texas. His career has included positions in Malta, Burundi, Chad, England, Liberia and Upper Volta.
    [Show full text]