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Syria: 'Nowhere Is Safe for Us': Unlawful Attacks and Mass
‘NOWHERE IS SAFE FOR US’ UNLAWFUL ATTACKS AND MASS DISPLACEMENT IN NORTH-WEST SYRIA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Ariha in southern Idlib, which was turned into a ghost town after civilians fled to northern (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. Idlib, close to the Turkish border, due to attacks by Syrian government and allied forces. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode © Muhammed Said/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: MDE 24/2089/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS MAP OF NORTH-WEST SYRIA 4 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 2. METHODOLOGY 8 3. BACKGROUND 10 4. ATTACKS ON MEDICAL FACILITIES AND SCHOOLS 12 4.1 ATTACKS ON MEDICAL FACILITIES 14 AL-SHAMI HOSPITAL IN ARIHA 14 AL-FERDOUS HOSPITAL AND AL-KINANA HOSPITAL IN DARET IZZA 16 MEDICAL FACILITIES IN SARMIN AND TAFTANAZ 17 ATTACKS ON MEDICAL FACILITIES IN 2019 17 4.2 ATTACKS ON SCHOOLS 18 AL-BARAEM SCHOOL IN IDLIB CITY 19 MOUNIB KAMISHE SCHOOL IN MAARET MISREEN 20 OTHER ATTACKS ON SCHOOLS IN 2020 21 5. -
The Political Direction of Which Ariel Sharon's Disengagement Plan Forms a Part Is the Most Significant Development in Israe
FRAGMENTED SYRIA: THE BALANCE OF FORCES AS OF LATE 2013 By Jonathan Spyer* Syria today is divided de facto into three identifiable entities. These three entities are: first, the Asad regime itself, which has survived all attempts to divide it from within. The second area is the zone controlled by the rebels. In this area there is no central authority. Rather, the territory is divided up into areas controlled by a variety of militias. The third area consists of majority-Kurdish northeast Syria. This area is under the control of the PYD (Democratic Union Party), the Syrian franchise of the PKK. This article will look into how this situation emerged, and examine its implications for the future of Syria. As the Syrian civil war moves toward its The emergence of a de facto divided Syria fourth anniversary, there are no signs of is the result first and foremost of the Asad imminent victory or defeat for either of the regime’s response to its strategic predicament sides. The military situation has reached a in the course of 2012. By the end of 2011, the stalemate. The result is that Syria today is uprising against the regime had transformed divided de facto into three identifiable entities, from a largely civilian movement into an each of which is capable of defending its armed insurgency, largely because of the existence against threats from either of the regime’s very brutal and ruthless response to others. civilian demonstrations against it. This These three entities are: first, the Asad response did not produce the decline of regime itself, which has survived all attempts opposition, but rather the formation of armed to divide it from within. -
Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism
African Minds Higher Education Dynamics Series Vol. 2 Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism Edited by Thierry M Luescher, Manja Klemenčič and James Otieno Jowi A NOTE ABOUT THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS This open access publication forms part of the African Minds peer reviewed, academic books list, the broad mission of which is to support the dissemination of African scholarship and to foster access, openness and debate in the pursuit of growing and deepening the African knowledge base. Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism was reviewed by two external peers with expert knowledge in higher education in general and in African higher education in particular. Copies of the reviews are available from the publisher on request. First published in 2016 by African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za 2016 African Minds This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ISBN: 978-1-928331-22-3 eBook edition: 978-1-928331-23-0 ePub edition: 978-1-928331-24-7 ORDERS: African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za For orders from outside Africa: African Books Collective PO Box 721, Oxford OX1 9EN, UK [email protected] CONTENTS Acronyms and abbreviations v Acknowledgements x Foreword xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Thierry M Luescher, Manja Klemenčič and James Otieno Jowi Chapter 2 Student organising in African higher -
WHEAT VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT North West - Syria June 2020
WHEAT VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT North West - Syria June 2020 Shafak & MH Europe Organizations Contents 1 Humanitarian Needs Overview ............................................................................................................................ 2 2 Methodology and Approach................................................................................................................................... 3 3 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Locations .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 5 Assessment Findings ................................................................................................................................................ 7 5.1 Affected population demographics: ............................................................................................. 7 5.2 Affected people main occupation: ................................................................................................ 7 5.3 Agriculture land-farmers: ................................................................................................................... 9 5.4 farmers Challenges: ............................................................................................................................. 10 5.5 Main Cultivated Crops: ...................................................................................................................... -
The Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi
Human Rights as Means for Peace : the Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi Author: Fidele Ingiyimbere Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2475 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2011 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. BOSTON COLLEGE-SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AND MINISTY S.T.L THESIS Human Rights as Means for Peace The Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi By Fidèle INGIYIMBERE, S.J. Director: Prof David HOLLENBACH, S.J. Reader: Prof Thomas MASSARO, S.J. February 10, 2011. 1 Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 0 General Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 CHAP. I. SETTING THE SCENE IN BURUNDI ......................................................................... 8 I.1. Historical and Ecclesial Context........................................................................................... 8 I.2. 1972: A Controversial Period ............................................................................................. 15 I.3. 1983-1987: A Church-State Conflict .................................................................................. 22 I.4. 1993-2005: The Long Years of Tears................................................................................ -
Land Law in Burundi: Legal and Social Ordering of Land Tenure in Historical and Contemporary Burundi
LAND LAW IN BURUNDI: LEGAL AND SOCIAL ORDERING OF LAND TENURE IN HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY BURUNDI by Erangois-Ao Barras Thesis submitted for the Degree of PhD in the Department of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London June 1982 ProQuest Number: 11010588 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010588 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1 1 LIST OF SKETCHES 13 LIST OF MAPS lU LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 15 LIST OF DOCUMENTS l 6 TABLE OF STATUTES AND ORDERS 18 TABLE OF CASES COLLECTED 23 Preliminary Remarks 31 1. General introduction 31 2. The use of Kirundi terminology ^3 3. Structure of the enquiry ^ PART I : SOME GENERAL INFORMATION ON BURUNDI IN 5 1 RELATION TO THE PRESENT STUDY Chapter 1 : Geography and Economy of Burundi 51 Chapter 2 : A Brief Account of the History of Burundi 5 6 A. Pre-colonial Burundi 5 6 B. The colonial Burundi period 6 3 C. -
Words That Kill Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great Lakes Region of Africa
Words That Kill Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great lakes Region of Africa Words That Kill Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great lakes Region of Africa About International Alert International Alert is an independent peacebuilding organisation that has worked for over 20 years to lay the foundations for lasting peace and security in communities affected by violent conflict. Our multifaceted approach focuses both in and across various regions; aiming to shape policies and practices that affect peacebuilding; and helping build skills and capacity through training. Our regional work is based in the African Great Lakes, West Africa, the South Caucasus, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Colombia. Our thematic projects work at local, regional and international levels, focusing on cross-cutting issues critical to building sustainable peace. These include business and economy, gender, governance, aid, security and justice. We are one of the world’s leading peacebuilding NGOs with an estimated income of £8.4 million in 2008 and more than 120 staff based in London and our 11 field offices. ©International Alert 2008 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means, electronic, mechanical, photocoplying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution. Design, production, print and publishing consultants: Ascent Limited [email protected] Printed in Kenya This report would not have been possible without the generous financial support of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Bread for the World. Table of Contents 1. Foreword 5 2. -
Stoking the Fires
STOKING THE FIRES Military Assistance and Arms Trafficking in Burundi Human Rights Watch Arms Project Human Rights Watch New York AAA Washington AAA London AAA Brussels Copyright 8 December 1997 by Human Rights Watch All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-177-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-80896 Human Rights Watch Arms Project The Human Rights Watch Arms Project was established in 1992 to monitor and prevent arms transfers to governments or organizations that commit gross violations of internationally recognized human rights and the rules of war and promote freedom of information regarding arms transfers worldwide. Joost R. Hiltermann is the director; Stephen D. Goose is the program director; Loretta Bondì is the Advocacy Coordinator; Andrew Cooper, and Ernst Jan Hogendoorn are research assistants; Rebecca Bell is the associate; William M. Arkin, Kathi L. Austin, Dan Connell, Monica Schurtman, and Frank Smyth are consultants. Torsten N. Wiesel is the chair of the board and Nicole Ball and Vincent McGee are the vice-chairs. Addresses for Human Rights Watch 485 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017-6104 Tel: (212) 972-8400, Fax: (212) 972-0905, E-mail: [email protected] 1522 K Street, N.W., #910, Washington, DC 20005-1202 Tel: (202) 371-6592, Fax: (202) 371-0124, E-mail: [email protected] 33 Islington High Street, N1 9LH London, UK Tel: (171) 713-1995, Fax: (171) 713-1800, E-mail: [email protected] 15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (2) 732-2009, Fax: (2) 732-0471, E-mail: [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To subscribe to the list, send an e-mail message to [email protected] with Asubscribe hrw-news@ in the body of the message (leave the subject line blank). -
Ongoing Chemical Weapons Attacks in Syria
A NEW NORMAL Ongoing Chemical Weapons Attacks in Syria February 2016 SYRIAN AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY C1 Above: Bab Al Hawa Hospital, Idlib, April 21, 2014. On the cover, top: Bab Al Hawa Hospital, Idlib, April 21, 2014; bottom: Binnish, Idlib, March 23, 2015. ABOUT THE SYRIAN AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY The Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) is a non-profit, non-political, professional and medical relief orga- nization that provides humanitarian assistance to Syrians in need and represents thousands of Syrian American medical professionals in the United States. Founded in 1998 as a professional society, SAMS has evolved to meet the growing needs and challenges of the medical crisis in Syria. Today, SAMS works on the front lines of crisis relief in Syria and neighboring countries to serve the medical needs of millions of Syrians, support doctors and medical professionals, and rebuild healthcare. From establishing field hospitals and training Syrian physicians to advocating at the highest levels of government, SAMS is working to alleviate suffering and save lives. Design: Sensical Design & Communication C2 A NEW NORMAL: Ongoing Chemical Weapons Attacks in Syria Acknowledgements New Normal: Ongoing Chemical Weapons Attacks in Syria was written by Kathleen Fallon, Advocacy Manager of the Syrian Amer- A ican Medical Society (SAMS); Natasha Kieval, Advocacy Associate of SAMS; Dr. Zaher Sahloul, Senior Advisor and Past President of SAMS; and Dr. Houssam Alnahhas of the Union of Medical Care and Relief Or- ganizations (UOSSM), in partnership with many SAMS colleagues and partners who provided insight and feedback. Thanks to Laura Merriman, Advocacy Intern of SAMS, for her research and contribution to the report’s production. -
Cry Havoc Règles Fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page1
ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page1 HISTORY & SCENARIOS ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page2 © Buxeria & Historic’One éditions - 2017 - v1.0 ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:50 Page3 SELJUK SULTANATE OF RUM Konya COUNTY OF EDESSA Sis PRINCIPALITY OF ARMENIAN CILICIA Edessa Tarsus Turbessel Harran BYZANTINE EMPIRE Antioch Aleppo PRINCIPALITY OF ANTIOCH Emirate of Shaïzar Isma'ili COUNTY OF GRAND SELJUK TRIPOLI EMPIRE Damascus Acre DAMASCUS F THE MIDDLE EAST KINGDOM IN 1135 TE O OF between the First JERUSALEM and Second Crusades Jerusalem EMIRA N EW S FATIMID 0 150 km CALIPHATE ager historique UK_cry havoc règles fr 20/07/17 10:43 Page1 History The Normans in Northern Syria in the 12th Century 1. Historical background Three Normans distinguished themselVes during the First Crusade: Robert Curthose, Duke of NormandY and eldest son of William the Conqueror 1 Whose actions Were decisiVe at the battle of DorYlea in 1197, Bohemond of Taranto, the eldest son of Robert Guiscard 2, and his nepheW Tancred, Who led one of the assaults upon the Walls of Jerusalem in 1099. Before participating in the crusade, Bohemond had been passed oVer bY his Younger half-brother Roger Borsa as Duke of Puglia and Calabria on the death of his father in 1085. Far from being motiVated bY religious sentiment like GodfreY of Bouillon, the crusade Was for him just another occasion to Wage War against his perennial enemY, BYZantium, and to carVe out his oWn state in the HolY Land. -
A/68/958–S/2014/547 General Assembly Security Council
United Nations A/68/958–S/2014/547 General Assembly Distr.: General 1 August 2014 Security Council English Original: Arabic General Assembly Security Council Sixty-eighth session Sixty-ninth year Agenda item 70 (a) Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance: strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations Identical letters dated 29 July 2014 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council On instructions from my Government, I should like to convey to you the position of the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic regarding the fifth report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolution 2139 (2014): 1. In keeping with its firm position that the humanitarian situation and its implications are the Syrian State’s top priority, the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic has marshalled all its resources to meet the pressing need to provide shelter, food and medicine to all civilians who have been affected by the crimes committed by armed terrorist groups. Since 2011, it has worked to meet the needs of its citizens, in keeping with its constitutional responsibility towards them, and has cooperated with the United Nations and its agencies in the provision and delivery of humanitarian assistance to persons affected by the crisis. 2. In that regard, it reaffirms its readiness to continue to cooperate with the United Nations to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance to all affected Syrian citizens, without discrimination. -
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production Date : 26 Oct 2015
SYRIA - IDLEB Humanitarian Purposes Only IDP Location - As of 23 Oct 2015 Production date : 26 Oct 2015 Nabul Al Bab MARE' JANDAIRIS AFRIN NABUL Tadaf AL BAB Atma ! Qah ² ! Daret Haritan Azza TADAF Reyhanli DARET AZZA HARITAN DANA Deir Hassan RASM HARAM !- Darhashan Harim Jebel EL-IMAM Tlul Dana ! QOURQEENA Saman Antakya Ein Kafr Hum Elbikara Big Hir ! ! Kafr Mu Jamus ! Ta l ! HARIM Elkaramej Sahara JEBEL SAMAN Besnaya - Sarmada ! ! Bseineh Kafr ! Eastern SALQIN ! Qalb Ariba Deryan Kafr ! Htan ! Lozeh ! Kafr Naha Kwaires ! Barisha Maaret ! ! Karmin TURKEY Allani ! Atarib ! Kafr Rabeeta ! Radwa ! Eskat ! ! Kila ! Qourqeena Kafr Naseh Atareb Elatareb Salqin Kafr ! EASTERN KWAIRES Delbiya Meraf ! Kafr Elshalaf Takharim Mars ! Kafr ! Jeineh Aruq ! Ta lt i t a ! Hamziyeh ! Kelly ! Abu ! Ta lh a ATAREB ! Kaftin Qarras KAFR TAKHARIMHelleh ! Abin ! Kafr ! Hazano ! Samaan Hind ! Kafr ! Kuku - Thoran Ein Eljaj ! As Safira Armanaz ! Haranbush ! Maaret Saidiyeh Kafr Zarbah ! Elekhwan Kafr - Kafr ! Aleppo Kafrehmul ! Azmarin Nabi ! Qanater Te ll e m ar ! ! ! ! Dweila Zardana AS-SAFIRA ! Mashehad Maaret Elnaasan ! Biret MAARET TAMSRIN - Maaret Ramadiyeh Elhaski Ghazala -! Armanaz ! ! Mgheidleh Maaret ! ARMANAZKuwaro - Shallakh Hafasraja ! Um Elriyah ! ! Tamsrin TEFTNAZ ! Zanbaqi ! Batenta ! ALEPPO Milis ! Kafraya Zahraa - Maar Dorriyeh Kherbet ! Ta m sa ri n Teftnaz Hadher Amud ! ! Darkosh Kabta Quneitra Kafr Jamiliya ! ! ! Jales Andnaniyeh Baliya Sheikh ! BENNSH Banan ! HADHER - Farjein Amud Thahr Yousef ! ! ! ! Ta lh i ye h ZARBAH Nasra DARKOSH Arshani