Marie Louise Seeberg Elżbieta M. Goździak Editors Migration
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IMISCOE Research Series Marie Louise Seeberg Elżbieta M. Goździak Editors Contested Childhoods: Growing up in Migrancy Migration, Governance, Identities IMISCOE Research Series This series is the official book series of IMISCOE, the largest network of excellence on migration and diversity in the world. It comprises publications which present empirical and theoretical research on different aspects of international migration. The authors are all specialists, and the publications a rich source of information for researchers and others involved in international migration studies. The series is published under the editorial supervision of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee which includes leading scholars from all over Europe. The series, which contains more than eighty titles already, is internationally peer reviewed which ensures that the book published in this series continue to present excellent academic standards and scholarly quality. Most of the books are available open access. For information on how to submit a book proposal, please visit: http://www.imiscoe.org/publications/how-to-submit-a-book-proposal. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13502 Marie Louise Seeberg • Elżbieta M. Goździak Editors Contested Childhoods: Growing up in Migrancy Migration, Governance, Identities Editors Marie Louise Seeberg Elżbieta M. Goździak NOVA ISIM Oslo and Akershus University College Georgetown University Oslo Washington, DC Norway USA ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic) IMISCOE Research Series ISBN 978-3-319-44608-0 ISBN 978-3-319-44610-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-44610-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948767 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. This book is published open access. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 2.5 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/), which per- mits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publi- cation does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland The original version of this book has been revised. For detailed information please see the erratum at 10.1007/978-3-319-44610-3_11 Acknowledgements This book is a product of the IMISCOE Research Group “Contested Childhoods in Times of Crises,” established in 2013. We would like to thank IMISCOE for supporting the establishment and for awarding seed funding to the group, and the Research Council of Norway for generous funding of our cooperation and activi- ties. We would also like to express our appreciation of the whole IMISCOE net- work, which constitutes a most inspiring environment. IMISCOE has facilitated the publishing of this book through allocation of time slots to our group at the annual conferences and, of course, through editing the book series. At IMISCOE, we would especially like to thank the editorial committee for reviewing and accepting our book and managing editor Warda Belabas for her invariably patient and competent assistance. Our thanks also go to our employers, ISIM at Georgetown University and NOVA at Oslo and Akershus University College (HiOA), and to our colleagues at these two institutions for support and encouragement and for creating the necessary working conditions for the editing of this book. We are very grateful to the three anonymous external reviewers and to IMISCOE’s internal reviewer for their thorough, challenging, and constructive comments on the manuscript. We would also like to thank research assistants Michael Sliwinski and Charles Jamieson for their thorough language editing and assistance. Finally, we extend our thanks to our co-creators of this book, the authors of the chapters to follow. Cooperating with you on this project has been a genuine pleasure. Oslo, Norway Marie Louise Seeberg Washington, DC, USA Elżbieta M. Goździak June 2016 vii Contents 1 Contested Childhoods: Growing up in Migrancy ............... 1 Marie Louise Seeberg and Elżbieta M. Goździak Part I International Migration 2 Forced Victims or Willing Migrants? Contesting Assumptions About Child Trafficking ................................... 23 Elżbieta M. Goździak 3 Child Refugees and National Boundaries ..................... 43 Marie Louise Seeberg 4 South Sudanese Diaspora Children: Contested Notions of Childhood, Uprootedness, and Belonging Among Young Refugees in the U.S. ...................................... 61 Marisa O. Ensor Part II Governance 5 Lost Between Protective Regimes: Roma in the Norwegian State ................................................... 81 Ada I. Engebrigtsen 6 When Policy Meets Practice: A Study of Ethnic Community-Based Organizations for Children and Youth ....... 99 Marianne Takle and Guro Ødegård Part III Identities 7 Identity Development Among Youth of Vietnamese Descent in the Czech Republic ..................................... 121 Andrea Svobodová and Eva Janská ix x Contents 8 Mixed Parentage: Negotiating Identity in Denmark ............. 139 Helene Bang Appel and Rashmi Singla 9 “I Think of Myself as Norwegian, Although I Feel that I Am from Another Country.” Children Constructing Ethnic Identity in Diverse Cultural Contexts in Oslo, Norway ................. 159 Mari Rysst 10 Looking Ahead: Contested Childhoods and Migrancy ........... 179 Elżbieta M. Goździak and Marie Louise Seeberg Erratum to: Contested Childhoods: Growing up in Migrancy ........ E1 Marie Louise Seeberg and Elżbieta M. Goździak Index ...................................................... 189 Editors and Contributors About the Editors Marie Louise Seeberg is Research Professor at the Department of Childhood Studies and co-ordinates the Research Group on Migration and Transnationality at NOVA, Oslo, and Akershus University College. A social anthropologist, she has conducted fieldwork in a wide array of settings. In her Ph.D. thesis, she explored and compared the ways in which Dutch and Norwegian schools deal with ethnic and other differences. Her research topics also include the meanings of home and homeland among Vietnamese refugees in Norway, Swedish welfare institutions’ interactions with refugees from Vietnam, and conditions for asylum-seeking chil- dren in Norway. More recently, her research focuses on the immigration of care workers to Norway. From 2013, she has led the IMISCOE research cluster “Contested Childhoods in times of Crises.” Amongst her publications are The Holocaust as Active Memory: The Past in the Present (Ashgate Academic 2013, co-edited with Irene Levin and Claudia Lenz), “Immigrant care workers and Norwegian gender equality: institutions, identities, intersections” in the European Journal of Women’s Studies (2012), and “No Place: Small children in Norwegian asylum-seeker reception centres” in Childhood—A Global Journal of Child Research (with Cecilie Bagge and Truls Enger 2009). Elżbieta M. Goździak is Research Professor at the Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) at Georgetown University, Washington D.C., and former editor of International Migration. In fall 2016 she is the George Soros Chair in Public Policy at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. Formerly, she held a senior position with the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. She has taught at the Howard University’s School of Social Work and managed a programme area on admissions and resettlement of refugees in industrialized countries for the Refugee Policy Group (RPG). Prior to immigrating to the U.S., she was Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the Adam Mickiewicz University