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Multilocus, DNA-Based Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three New Species Lineages in the P See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305751244 Multilocus, DNA-based phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species lineages in the P. gabonensis-P. caribaeo-quercicola species complex, including Phellinus amazonicus sp. nov Article in Mycologia · July 2016 DOI: 10.3852/15-173 CITATIONS READS 2 95 4 authors: Marisa de Campos Santana Mario Amalfi Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Botanic Garden Meise 12 PUBLICATIONS 46 CITATIONS 22 PUBLICATIONS 276 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Gabriel Castillo Cony Decock University of Liège Université Catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain 21 PUBLICATIONS 381 CITATIONS 211 PUBLICATIONS 2,385 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: NEOPOL - Taxonomy, Systematic, Phylogeny, Diversity & Ecology of Neotropical Polypores View project tropical Basidiomycetes metabolites View project All content following this page was uploaded by Cony Decock on 05 December 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Mycologia, 108(5), 2016, pp. 939–953. DOI: 10.3852/15-173 # 2016 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Multilocus, DNA-based phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species lineages in the Phellinus gabonensis–P. caribaeo-quercicola species complex, including P. amazonicus sp. nov. Marisa de Campos-Santana1 phylogenetic species is represented in our phylogenetic Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Graduate Program analyses by a single collection from northeastern in Botanic, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Argentina. It is also potentially known from two herbar- Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ium specimens originating from southern Brazil, for Mario Amalfi1 which no sequence data is available. It is left for now Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, as Phellinus sp. 1, waiting to gather more specimens BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute–Université catholique de and DNA sequences data. The third new phylogenetic Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la- species is known by a single collection (pure culture) Neuve, Belgium of uncertain origin. It is thought to represent Phellinus Gabriel Castillo setulosus, a Southeast Asian taxa. From an evolutionary Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of perspective, tree species occurring in the Neotropics Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium (P. amazonicus, P. caribaeo-quercicola, and Phellinus sp. Cony Decock2 1) have a closely related genetic background and form Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, a well supported Neotropical lineage. BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute–Université catholique de Key words: biogeography, Hymenochaetaceae, Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la- Phellinus, polypores, North America Neuve, Belgium INTRODUCTION 3 Abstract: Species complexes in the poroid Hymeno- Phellinus is one of the major genera of Hymenochaeta- chaetaceae are well documented in the temperate ceae (Basidiomycota) (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980, areas. Potential species complexes are less known in Larsen and Cobb-Poulle 1990, Corner 1991). In tropical areas, however. In the last ten years, four phylo- the last three decades, it was repeatedly shown to be genetically and morphologically closely related species polyphyletic (Wagner and Fischer 2002, Larsson et al. of Phellinus (Hymenochaetaceae) were described 2006) and consequentially, many species were redis- from various tropical/subtropical areas viz. P. caribaeo- tributed into multiple morphologically more homoge- quercicola, P. gabonensis, P. ellipsoideus, and P. castanopsi- neous and phylogenetically monophyletic entities, dis. They are characterized by cushion-shaped basidio- which were worth recognition at the generic level. mata, ventricose, commonly hamate hymenial setae, Phellinus, related genera and more globally the and broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled, pale yellowish poroid Hymenochaetaceae are also well known for basidiospores. Pursuing the studies of this complex, containing (morphological) species complexes. These a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequence complexes encompass a number of taxonomic entities data from the nuc rDNA regions ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) for which divergences (genetic, biological, and ecologi- and partial 28S (including the domains D1, D2, D3) cal) occurred independently of tangible morphological and on part of the translation elongation factor 1-a changes (e.g. Fischer and Binder 2004, Tomšovský et al. (tef1, region between exons 4 and 8) revealed three 2010a, b). Therefore, delimiting these entities using new lineages or phylogenetic species. Two of these phy- morphological features proved challenging. Additional logenetic species are composed of exclusively on Neo- descriptors were tentatively considered to circumscribe tropical specimens. One of them, described below as taxa, including, for example, autecological require- Phellinus amazonicus sp. nov., is represented by multiple ments such as the host relationships (preference/spec- collections originating from Neotropical, lowland, ificity). However, the pertinence of these descriptors dense, moist forest at the western edge of the Amazon for characterizing taxonomic entities in the Hymeno- Basin in Ecuador, the Guiana Shield in French Guiana chaetaceae also has been variously debated (e.g. Pieri and (more likely) Trinidad. The second Neotropical and Rivoire 2000, Rizzo et al. 2003, Tomšovský et al. 2010a, b). Their validation is almost case-by-case. Submitted 6 Jul 2015; accepted for publication 13 May 2016. Application of the phylogenetic species concept, using 1 Marisa de Campos-Santana and Mario Amalfi contributed equally the principle of multiple gene genealogy concordance and are listed as first coauthors. 2 3 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Authorships of scientific names are reported (TABLE I). 939 940 MYCOLOGIA (Taylor et al. 2000, 2006), helped to evidence diversity from various angiosperms in the western edge of within complexes of Hymenochaetaceae (e.g. Decock the Guineo-Congolian Forest, in Gabon (Yombiyeni et al. 2007; Amalfi et al. 2010, 2012, 2014; Amalfi and et al. 2011); Phellinus ellipsoideus and P. castanopsidis Decock 2013, 2014; Vlasák and Kout 2011; Zhou et al. are known from southern tropical/subtropical China, 2015). A posteriori, it may validate the pertinence of the former on unidentified angiosperms and the latter ecological descriptors and help to circumscribe the on Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach (Fagaceae) (Cui and (bio)geographical distribution range of the various Dai 2008; Cui and Decock 2013). In a phylogenetic taxa (Amalfi et al. 2012). As suggested by Amalfi et al. perspective, these four species have a monophyletic (2012), integrating morphological, ecological, bio- origin and form a distinct lineage within Phellinus geographical, and DNA sequence data could yield a (Decock et al. 2007; Yombiyeni et al. 2011; Cui and more complete (holistic) concept of the species; this Decock 2013). Decock et al. (2005). Yombiyeni et al. is the objective of the “consolidated species concept” (2011) suggested that these species have affinities recently highlighted within Ascomycota (Quaedvlieg with Phellinus setulosus sensu Corner (1991). et al. 2014). Pursuing the studies of this complex, the taxonomic For historical reasons, species complexes within the status of a set of specimens from Argentina, Ecuador, Hymenochaetaceae are mainly documented in north- French Guiana, and southern Brazil was questioned. ern temperate areas (e.g. Niemelä 1975; Tomšovský The specimens from Brazil were first identified to et al. 2010a, b; Vlasák and Kout 2011; Amalfi et al. P. gabonensis based on gross morphological similitude, 2012). Species complexes are much less documented at macro- and microscopic levels (Campos-Santana in the tropical areas, which are still critically under- and Borges da Silveira 2011). Nonetheless, phylogenet- explored (Yombiyeni et al. 2011). Nonetheless, con- ic inferences based on DNA loci (the nuc rDNA regions cerning the Neotropics, Decock et al. (2007); Amalfi ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 [ITS] and partial 28S (including D1–D3 and Decock (2013, 2014) and Campos-Santana et al. domains) and part of the translation elongation factor (2014) showed the existence of multiple phylogenetic 1-a (tef1, region between exons 4 and 8]), showed species within the presumed Fomitiporia punctata that these collections are distributed over two distinct (P. Karst.) Murrill or Fomitiporia robusta (P. Karst.) Fias- lineages of which none is equated to P. gabonensis. son & Niemelä complexes. Decock et al. (2013) and They are therefore interpreted as belonging to two dis- Yombiyeni et al. (2015) also showed complex pictures tinct phylogenetic species. One of them is described within the Phylloporia spathulata (Hook.) Ryvarden below as Phellinus amazonicus sp. nov., whereas the sec- and the Phylloporia pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden spe- ond is left for now as Phellinus sp. 1. cies concept with multiple lineages, indicating multi- The phylogenetic inferences have also shown that ple species. Tian et al. (2013); Vlasák et al. (2013) a living culture received from CFMR as Fuscoporia and Zhou et al. (2015) also demonstrated that I. linteus wahlbergii is related to this complex, forming a separate (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teixeira sensu auctores (e.g. lineage. This lineage is discussed in relation to sensu Ryvarden 2004, under Phellinus
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