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Fungal Diversity

On poroid growing on bamboos in Southern Brazil and NE Argentina

Coelho, G.1*, da Silveira, R.M.B.2, Guerrero, R.T.3 and Rajchenberg, M.4

1Dept. FUE, CE, UFSM, Campus, CEP 97110050, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. 2,3Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. 4Centro Forestal CIEFAP, C.C. 14, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.

Coelho, G., Silveira, R.M.B., Guerrero, R.T. and Rajchenberg, M. (2009). On poroid Hymenochaetales growing on bamboos in southern Brazil and NE Argentina. Fungal Diversity 36: 1-8.

Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of a specimen growing on bamboo in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. The is compared to other species growing on bamboos, especially those with dextrinoid basidiospores. The new combinations spinescens and Fomitiporia uncinata also are proposed. Species of Phellinus s.l. (Hymenochaetales) growing on bamboos in southern Brazil and NE Argentina plus those recorded elsewhere are keyed out.

Key words: Basidiomycetes, fungi, , , wood-inhabiting neotropical fungi

Article Information Received 2 July 2007 Accepted 10 September 2008 Published online 31 May 2009 *Corresponding author: G. Coelho; e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction were also recorded in the literature (Larsen and Cobb-Poulle, 1990; Ryvarden, 1991, Bamboos are woody perennial grasses 2004). All species of Phellinus s.l. presenting that occur in tropical, subtropical and cool bambusicolous specificity were hitherto temperate (sometimes even in boreal forests), known from subtropical areas in South evergreen and deciduous forest worldwide. America, except Phellinus bambusinus (Pat.) Important uses of bamboos include paper and Pat., described from Vietnam and known only pulp industry, fuel, food, feed, furniture, house from the type locality. Ryvarden (2004) has construction and scaffolding, and making monographed the poroid Hymenochaetales for several articles of daily use. In South America, tropical South America but several re- they have been cultivated or exploited from arrangements of taxa and species distribution native forests to be used in gardening, building, need to be specified. decoration, pulping, and daily use (McClure During a review of Phellinus s. l. taxa and Smith, 1967). growing on bamboos in southern Brazil and Bamboos have been recorded as NE Argentina, a collection characterized by a substrate to several wood-rotting fungi resupinate habit, large pores, hymenial setae, (Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980; Boidin et al., and dextrinoid basidiospores was studied. The 1986; Spooner and Candoussau, 1988; Petrini dextrinoid basidiospores indicated a possible et al., 1989; Candoussau et al., 1996; relationship with the Fomitiporia punctata Rungjindamai et al., 2008). Some species of complex. After comparison with other Phelli- Phellinus Quél. s. l. (Hymenochaetales, nus species with dextrinoid basidiospores and ) have been found growing occurring on bamboos or other substrates, it exclusively on bamboo indicating specificity became evident that this collection represented to this substrate (Larsen and Cobb-Poulle 1990, an undescribed taxon, described below as Ryvarden 1983, 2004). Species that are able to Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii. We propose grow on bamboo and other different substrates the new combinations Fomitiporia spinescens

1 and Fomitiporia uncinata after revising the NE Argentina that they thought corresponded type material of several other bambusicolous to Poria bambusarum Rick. They provided a species with dextrinoid basidiospores and new name because they incorrectly thought present a key of Phellinus s. l. growing on that their placement in Phellinus was bamboos worldwide. preoccupied by Phellinus bambusinus, which is not the case, and the name turned out to be Materials and methods superfluous. Specimens upon which the name was given, though, do not correspond to the Materials utilized in this study have been type of P. bambusarum, but to Ph. uncinatus gathered either from areas located around the Rajchenb. Phellinus garuhapensis, known town of Santa Maria (in the central region of only from the type material, is an immature Rio Grande do Sul State, RS, Southern Brazil) specimen of Poria bambusarum, as already by the senior author or from field expeditions stated by Rajchenberg and De Meijer (1990), in the Nature Research and Conservation but Ryvarden (2004) recognized it as an Center, Pró-Mata (São Francisco de Paula, independent taxon following Wright and Eastern RS), a preserved area in Dom Pedro de Blumenfeld (1986). Alcântara (Eastern RS) and from NE This species is found in NE Argentina Argentina in the Iguazú Falls area. Phyto- and Southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa geographically, these areas pertain to the Catarina, and Paraná states (Gerber and Neotropic region, Amazonic domain, Paranean Loguercio-Leite 2000, Rajchenberg 1987b, and Atlantic provinces (Cabrera and Willink Rajchenberg and De Meijer 1990, Rick 1960). 1980). Additional data were obtained from For a description, see Larsen and Cobb-Poulle previous type studies made by the authors and (1990). This species is clearly related to from the literature. Fomitiporia by its globose to subglobose Descriptions and measurements are dextrinoid basidiospores, but its recombination according to Coelho (2005) and Dai (1999). into the is being studied by different Studied specimens are deposited at ICN, authors (Loguercio-Leite, Univ. Fed. Santa PACA and BAFC herbaria. The authors of Catarina, pers. com.). scientific names follow the new edition of Materials examined: ARGENTINA, Authors of Fungal Names (Kirk and Ansell Misiones, Garuhapé, leg. C. Gómez and R.T. 1992), available on the internet at (http:// Guerrero, VI.1965 (BAFC 29452, holotype of www.indexfungorum.org/AuthorsOfFungalNa Phellinus garuhapensis). BRAZIL, Paraná mes.htm). Colours are according to Munsell State, Parque Marumbi, leg. A. de Meijer, Soil Color Charts (1994). 06.II.1993, Nº. 2448, on culm of bamboo, Guadua sp. (ICN 139046); Rio Grande do Sul Results State, São Leopoldo, 1932 (Fungi Rickiani 18570, PACA, lectotype of Poria Species recorded exclusively on bambusarum); Santa Maria, Distrito de Boca bamboos are the following: do Monte, FEPAGRO, leg. G. Coelho, Phellinus bambusarum (Rick) M.J. Larsen, 26.III.2003, Nº GC 382-7, on bamboo (ICN Synopsis Fungorum 3: 40, 1990. 139047); Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Mato da (Figs 1 and 4) Cova Funda, leg. G. Coelho et al., 20.V.2005, ≡ Poria bambusarum Rick, Brot. Ser. Cienc. Nat. probably on Merostachys multiramea (ICN 6: 146, 1937 (PACA!). 139048); São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro ≡ Phellinus bambusarum (Rick) M.J. Larsen, Synopsis Fungorum 3: 40, 1990. Velho, Pró-Mata, Três Forquilhas trail, leg. G. = Phellinus garuhapensis J.E. Wright & Coelho et al., 10.VI.2005, on bamboo (ICN Blumenf., Mycotaxon 21:420, 1984 (BAFC!). 139049); 11.VI.2005, on bamboo (ICN = Phellinus rickianus J.E. Wright & J.R. 139050); on bamboo (ICN 139051). Deschamps, Mycotaxon 21: 414, 1984. Wright and Deschamps (in Wright and Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii G. Coelho, R. Blumenfeld 1984) incorrectly assigned the M. Silveira & Rajchenb., sp. nov. name Phellinus rickianus to specimens from (Figs 2 and 3)

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Fig. 1. Phellinus bambusarum (drawn from ICN 139050). A. Basidia. B. Cystidioles. C. Basidiospores. D. Generative hyphae from trama. E. Hymenial setae.

Basidiomata resupinata, ochraceo- Basidiome annual, resupinate, up to 130 brunnea; margine pallidiore, sterile, villoso; mm long, 16 mm wide, and 1 mm thick. Pore poris rotundis, (2-)3-4(-5) per mm. Systema surface golden-yellow to ferruginous-brown or hypharum dimiticum hyphis skeletalibus raro cinnamon-brown (6/6-6/8 10YR, 5/4-5/8); septatis, crassitunicatis, ferrugineis, (2-)2.4- pores round to polygonal, (2-)3-4(-5) per mm, 2.8(-3.6) μm latis; hyphis generatoriis tenui- Pm = 3.6, n = 64/1; dissepiments velutinous; tunicatis, hyalinis vel pallido-luteis, septatis, margin paler than the pore surface or similar, (1.6-)1.8-2.8(-3.6) μm latis. Hymenium setis velutinous. Context ferruginous brown (6/6- ochraceo-ferrugineis vel fusco-nigris, lanceo- 6/8 10YR to 5/4-5/8), homogeneous, 1 mm latis vel ventricosis, apicibus acuminatis, (12-) thick. Tube layer concolorous with context, up 16.8-32(-40) x (2.4-)4.4-8(-9.2) μm; sporis to 1 mm long. globosis vel subglobosis, hyalinis vel pallido- Hyphal system dimitic. Subicular luteis, dextrinoideis, crassitunicatis, (4.4-)5.2- skeletal hyphae interwoven, thick-walled, with 6.4(-6.8) x (4.4-)4.8-5.8(-6.4) μm. Proxima a wide lumen, (2-)2.4-2.8(-3.6) µm diam., Dm Phellinus bambusarum, sed poris, sporis et = 2.7, n = 63/1. Subicular generative hyphae setis magnis distincta. rarely present, thin-walled, simple-septate, Typus speciei hic designatus: Brasilia hyaline to pale yellow in KOH, (1.8-)2-2.8(- meridionalis, prov. Rio Grande do Sul, prope 3.6) µm diam., Dm = 2.3, n = 61/1. Tramal São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Velho in skeletal hyphae thick-walled, with a wide Pró-Mata 10.VI.2005 Gilberto Coelho et alii lumen to subsolid, ferrugineous brown in legit, in Herbario ICN conservatur, No. KOH, (2-)2.4-2.8(-3.6) µm diam., Dm = 2.6, n 139044, ad culmo putrido bambusae. = 61/1. Tramal generative hyphae simple- Etymologia: Nomem speciei in memo- septate, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH, riam clarissimi Sancti Marcellini Champag- branched, thin-walled. (1.6-)1.8-2.4(-2.8) µm natii dedicavi. diam., Dm = 2.2, n = 42/1.

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Fig. 2. Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii (drawn from ICN 139044). A. Basidia. B. Cystidioles. C. Basidiospores. D. Generative hyphae from trama. E. Hymenial setae. F. Skeletal hyphae from subiculum.

Hymenial setae scattered, absent in some 2.58, Qm = 1.38, n = 65/1. Basidiospores thick- sections, variable in form, straight to walled, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH, ventricose, sometimes with a long incurved globose to subglobose, (4.4-)5.2-6.4(-6.8) x base arising among tramal hyphae, with an (4.4-)4.8-5.8(-6.4) µm, Lm x Wm = 5.4 ± 0.38 x acute apex, ferruginous brown to dark brown 5.17 ± 0.39, Qr = 1.00-1.17, Qm = 1.05 ± 0.04, in KOH, (12-)16.8-32(-40) x (2.4-)4.4-8(-9.2) n = 63/1, with a discrete apiculum, dextrinoid, µm, Lm x Wm = 24.3 ± 6.47 x 5.8 ± 1.54, Qr cyanophilous. Cystidioles present, ventricose, = 1.67-10.00, Qm = 4.47 ± 2.03, n = 64/1. thin-walled, (8-)9.6-16(-20) x (2-)2.4-4.4(-5.6) Basidia barrel to club-shaped to globose, 4- µm, Lm x Wm = 12.2 x 3.59, Qr = 2.18-6.29, sterigmate, (8-)8.8-12(-17.6) x (6.5-)7.2-9.2(- Qm = 3.43, n = 52/1. 11.2) µm, Lm x Wm = 11.01 x 8.08, Qr = 1.00-

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Figs 3-6. Basidiomes of Phellinus s. l. on bamboos. 3. Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii (ICN 139044). 4. Phellinus bambusarum (ICN 139050). 5. Fomitiporia spinescens (ICN 139054). 6. ferrea (ICN 139086). Scale bars = 1 cm.

Substrate: on rotten bamboo. spine processes and the latter differs by its Materials examined: BRAZIL, Rio Grande do characteristic uncinate setae. Sul, São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Velho, Pró-Mata, Some species of Fomitiporia with a Três Forquilhas trail, leg. G. Coelho et al., 10.VI.2005, on bamboo (ICN 139044, holotype); 01.VI.2006, on resupinate habit are microscopically similar to bamboo (ICN 139201); on bamboo (ICN 139202); on F. sanctichampagnatii, such as Fomitiporia bamboo (ICN 139203). sublaevigata (Cleland & Rodway) Y.C. Dai Remarks: Fomitiporia sanctichampag- and Fomitiporia pseudopunctata (A. David et natii presents a unique combination of features, al.) Fiasson, however, they both differ by including: the largest pores (2-5/ mm) from the having perennial basidiomes and different group; setae somewhat variable in form, from biogeography/ecological requirements (e.g. subulate to ventricose or straight, but usually substrate specificity). Fomitiporia sublaevi- they are thicker at the base and taper evenly gata also differs by having smaller pores (5- towards the tip, (12-)16.8-32(-40) x (2.4-)4.4- 7/mm), larger basidiospores (6.5-7 x 5-6 µm), 8(-9.2) µm; and basidiospores measuring (4.4- and ventricose to subulate setae that are 21- )5.2-6.4(-6.8) x (4.4-)4.8-5.8(-6.4) µm. 30(-42) x 4.5-8.5 µm (Buchanan and Ryvarden Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii (Figs 2 1993). Fomitiporia pseudopunctata (A. David and 3, Table 1) is similar to Phellinus et al.) Fiasson has larger spores (6.5-7.5 x 5.5- bambusarum (Figs 1 and 4, Table 1), but the 7 µm), smaller pores (6-8/mm), thicker and latter differs by its shorter and ventricose setae, ventricose setae (15-28 x 7-10 µm, Ryvarden smaller basidiospores (4-5 x 3.5-4.5 µm), and and Gilbertson 1994), and so far it is restricted smaller pores (6-10/mm) – the pores being the to Southern Europe and Eastern Africa smallest among bambusicolous species of (Decock et al. 2005). Phellinus sonorae (Gilb.) Fomitiporia. has comparable basidiospores (5.0-5.5 x 4.5– Two additional species growing on 5.0 μm), but smaller pores (5-7/mm). Its setae bamboos and presenting medium-sized pores are ventricose with a long and slender apical (4-6/mm) are Phellinus spinescens J.E. Wright portion (35.0-55.0 x 5.0-8.0 μm), and it is & G. Coelho (Fig. 5, table 1) and P. uncinatus restricted so far to North America (Gilbertson Rajchenb. (Table 1); the former is unique by and Ryvarden 1987, Valenzuela and Chacón- its long ventricose setae with subapical Jiménez 1991).

5 Table 1. Comparison of Fomitiporia species with setae collected on bamboos.

Species P. bambusarum F. sanctichampagnatii F. spinescens F. uncinata ICN 139050/3/2 ICN 139044 ICN 139054/ 977904 BAFC 24090/298361 Spores, 4-5 x 3.5-4.5 4.5-7 x 4.5-6.5 5.5-7 x 5-6.5 5-6.5 x 4.5-6 µm 3.2-5.2 3/ 5 in diam.2 5.2-8 x 4.8-6.84 5.5-7 x 5-6.51 Lm x Wm 4.4 ±0.20 x 4.27 ±0.15 5.4 ±0.38 x 5.17 ±0.39 6.30 ±0.36 x 5.66 ±0.21 5.60 ±0.43 x 5.28 6.18 ±0.38 x 5.37 ±0.314 ±0.44 Qm, Qr 1.00-1.13, 1.04 1.00-1.17, 1.05; 1.01-1.23, 1.11 1.00-1.25, 1.07 1.03-1.46, 1.164 Setae, µm 11-27x3.6-8.4 12-40 x 2.4-9.2 22-51 x 7-10 13.-30 x 7-15 16-20 x 5-72 25.6- 52 x 4.4-8.84 Lm x Wm 18.3 ±3.16 x 6.41 ±1.00 24.3 ± 6.47 x 5.80 ± 1.54 37.8 ±8.40 x 8.40 ±0.86 23.2 ±3.16 x 11.83 37.3 ±6.46 x 6.58 ±1.094 ±1.57

Qm, Qr 1.90-4.40, 2.90 1.67-10.0, 4.47; 2.54-5.74, 4.51 1.31-3.22, 2.00 3.20-9.00, 5.844 Pores/mm 7-10/6-83/7-82 2-5 4-6/3-74 5-8/4-61 4 Pm 7.92 3.62 5.00/ 5.59 6.42 1Rajchenberg 1987a, 2Rajchenberg 1987b (holotype), 3Wright and Blumenfeld 1984 (as P. garuhapensis), 4Coelho and Wright 1996.

Fomitiporia spinescens (J.E. Wright & G. globose, thick-walled, dextrinoid basidio- Coelho) G. Coelho, Guerrero & Rajchenb., spores (Rajchenberg 1987a). comb.nov. (Fig. 5) Materials examined: Argentina, ≡ Phellinus spinescens J.E. Wright & G. Coelho, Misiones, Iguazú Nat’l Park, leg. R. Singer & Mycotaxon 59: 384, 1996 (ICN!, BAFC!). A.P.L. Digilio, 26.II.1949, M-76, on Chusquea The species was initially described from (BAFC 24049); Macuco path, leg. D. Job & M. NE Argentina as an addendum in Larsen and Rajchenberg, 6.IV.1984, M-3608, on Bambusa Cobb-Poulle's (1990) monograph on Phellinus, (BAFC 29836; holotype); leg D. Job, as Phellinus. spinescens Wright, Mycotaxon 27.IX.1984 (BAFC 30296). (Inpress), a Latin diagnosis and valid type Other Phellinus s. l. species that are designation were missing As the original recorded on bamboos, but also on other collection had been lost, the species was substrates are: Fomitiporia punctata (P. Karst.) subsequently formally described from Murrill, Fuscoporia contigua (Pers.: Fr.) G. Southern Brazil (Coelho and Wright 1996). It Cunn., F. gilva (Schwein.: Fr.) T. Wagner & is characterized by ventricose setae with a long, M. Fisch., F. ferrea (Pers.: Fr.) G. Cunn. (Fig. spinulated apex, and globose, thick-walled, 6), and F. ferruginosa (Schrad.: Fr.) Murrill. dextrinoid basidiospores. All the species of Phellinus s. l. growing on Materials examined: BRAZIL, Rio Grande do bamboos were collected in Santa Maria Sul, SANTA MARIA, Itaara, Parque Pinhal, leg. G. Coelho, 09.IX.1992, Nº GC 29-9, on bamboo (ICN (Brazil), except Fomitiporia uncinata from 97790, holotype, BAFC 33581, isotype); 05.X.1992, Nº Argentina and Phellinus bambusinus from GC 31-5, on bamboo (ICN 97791); Nº GC 31-6, on Viet Nam. bamboo (ICN 97792); Nº GC 31-9, on bamboo (ICN 97793); 06.IV.1993, Nº GC 38-8, on bamboo (ICN Key to known species of Phellinus s. l. 97794); Nº GC 38-11, on bamboo (ICN 97795); growing on bamboos 03.VI.1993, Nº GC 42-6, on bamboo (ICN 97796);

03.X.1993, Nº GC 48-3, on bamboo (ICN 97797); Nº GC 48-7, on bamboo (ICN 97798); 12.II.1995, GC 66-1, 1a. Basidiospores dextrinoid, thick-walled, on bamboo (ICN 139054). globose...... 2 1b. Basidiospores non-dextrinoid, thin-walled, Fomitiporia uncinata (Rajchenb.) G. Coelho, ellipsoid to cylindrical ...... 6 Guerrero & Rajchenb., comb. nov. ≡ Phellinus uncinatus Rajchenb. Mycotaxon 28: 2a. Setae lacking...... Fomitiporia punctata 114, 1987 (BAFC!). 2b. Setae present...... 3 Diagnostic characters of this species from Argentina are its uncinate setae and the 3a. Setae with an uncinate apex......

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...... Fomitiporia uncinata specimens. Dr. Vitalino Cesca is acknowledged by 3b. Setae with a straight apex ...... 4 linguistic improvements on Latin diagnosis. MR is a member of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). GC is supported by CAPES -PICDT. 4a. Setae with apical spinules, 27-51 x 7-10

µm ...... Fomitiporia spinescens References 4b. Setae without apical spinules...... 5 Boidin, J., Candoussau, F., and Gilles, G. (1986). 5a. Pores 7-10/ mm, basidiospores 4-5 x 3.5- Bambusicolous fungi from the SW of France II. 4.5µm, setae 11-27 x 3.6-8.4 µm, Lm x Saprobic Heterobasidiomycetes, resupinate Wm = 18.3 x 6.41, basidiome annual to Aphyllophorales and Nidulariales. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan 27:463-471. perennial...... Phellinus bambusarum Buchanan, P., K., and Ryvarden, L. (1993). Type studies 5b. Pores 2-5/ mm, basidiospores 4.5-7 x 4.5- in Polyporaceae 24. Species described by Cleland, 6.5 µm, setae 12-40 x 2.4-9.2 µm, Lm x Rodway and Cheel. Australian Systematic Botany Wm = 24.3 x 5.8, basidiome annual...... 6: 215-235...... Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii Cabrera, A.L. and Willink, A. (1980). Biogeografía de América Latina. Serie de Biología, monografía nº 13. The General Secretariat of the Organization of 6a. Contextual setae present ...... 7 American Sates, Washington DC. 122 p. 6b. Contextual setae absent...... 8 Candoussau, F., Magni, J.F., Petrini, L.E., Barr, M.E. and Petrini O. (1996). Bambusicolous fungi 7a. Pores 2-3/ mm...... Fuscoporia contigua collected in Southwestern France: an annoted list. Mycologia Helvetica 8:11-20. 7b. Pores 7-9/ mm...... Fuscoporia ferruginosa Coelho, G. and Wright, J.E. (1996). Phellinus spinescens sp. nov. on bamboo from South America. 8a. Basidiospores cylindrical...... Mycotaxon 59:383-387...... Fuscoporia ferrea Coelho, G. (2005). A Brazilian new species of Auriporia. 8b. Basidiospores ellipsoid ...... 9 Mycologia 97: 266-277. Dai, YC. (1999). Phellinus sensu lato (Aphyllophorales, Hymenochaetaceae) in East Asia. Acta Botanica 9a. Basidiospores oblong-ellipsoid...... Fennica 166: 1-115...... Fuscoporia gilva Decock, C., Bitew, A. and Castillo, G. (2005). 9b. Basidiospores broad-ellipsoid to obovoid.. Fomitiporia tenuis and Fomitiporia aethiopica ...... Phellinus bambusinus (Basidiomycetes, Hymenochaetales), two undescribed species from the Ethiopian highlands: and phylogeny. Mycologia 97: 121-129. Discussion Fiasson, J.L. and Niemelä, T. (1984). The Hymenochaetales: a revision of the European All of the species so far recorded poroid taxa. Karstenia 24: 14-28. exclusively on bamboos in South America Fischer, M. (1996). On the species complexes within belong to the Fomitiporia punctata complex Phellinus: Fomitiporia revisited. Mycogical Research 100 :1459-1467. and present a resupinate habit. Based on the Gerber, A.L. and Loguercio-Leite, C. (2000). Polyporoid works of Fiasson and Niemelä (1984), Fischer wood-rotting fungi (Basidiomycetes) II - New (1996) and Wagner and Fischer (2001, 2002), records from southern Brazil. Mycotaxon 76: who segregated this complex from the rest of 175-185. Phellinus s.l. on morphological and molecular Gilbertson, R.L. and Ryvarden, L. (1987). North American polypores 2. Fungiflora: 437-885. grounds, we have incorporated some bamboo- Kirk, P.M. and Ansell, A.E. (1992). Authors of fungal sicolous taxa in the genus Fomitiporia Murrill. names. Index of Fungi supplement. CAB Decock et al. (2005) also had keyed out these International, Wallingford, UK. 95 p. taxa along with Fomitiporia species recog- Larsen, M.J. and Cobb-Poulle, L.A. (1990). Phellinus nizing their affinities. (Hymenochaetaceae): a survey of the world taxa. Oslo, Synopsis Fungorum 3: 1-206. McClure, F.A. and Smith, L.B. (1967). Gramíneas – Acknowledgements: Suplemento Bambúseas. Flora ilustrada catarinense. Itajaí, Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues. I The authors would like to thank Drs. Dennis E. parte. 78 p. Desjardin, Cony Decock and Yu-Cheng Dai for Munsell Soil Color Charts. (1994). Munsell Color. critically reviewing the manuscript, and the curators of Macbeth. BAFC, ICN and PC, for the loan of herbarium

7 Petrini, O., Candoussau, F., Magni, J.F. and Petrini, L.E. Ryvarden, L. (2004). Neotropical polypores. Synopsis (1989). Bambusicolous fungi collected in Fungorum 19(1): 1-229. Southwest France 1982-1989: an annoted list. Ryvarden, L. and Gilbertson, RL. (1994). European Mycologia Helvetica 3: 263-279. polypores 2. Synopsis Fungorum 6: 388-743. Rajchenberg, M. (1987a). New South American Ryvarden, L. and Johansen, I. (1980). A preliminary Polypores. Mycotaxon 28: 11-118. flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo. Rajchenberg, M. (1987b). Type studies of Polyporaceae 636 p. (Aphyllophorales) described by J. Rick. Nordic Spooner, B.M. and Candoussau, F. (1988). Journal of Botany 7: 553-586. Bambusicolous fungi from Southwest France III: Rajchenberg, M. and De Meijer, A.R. (1990). New and a new species of Encoelia. Transactions of the noteworthy polypores from Paraná and São Paulo Mycological Society of Japan 29: 219-223. States, Brazil. Mycotaxon 38: 173-185. Valenzuela, R. and Chacón-Jiménez, S. (1991). Los Rick, J. (1937). Poria Riograndenses - Broteria. Série poliporáceaos de México. III. Algumas espécies Ciências Naturais. 6: 128-156. de la reserva de la biósfera El Cielo, Tamaulipas. Rick, J. (1960). Basidiomycetes eubasidii in Rio Grande Revista Mexicana de Micologia 7: 39-70. do Sul – Brasilia. Iheringia. Serie Botânica 7: Wagner, T. and Fischer, M. (2001). Groups and a 193-295. revisited system for the European poroid Rungjindamai, N., Pinruan, U., Choeyklin, R., Hattori, T. Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota) supported by and Jones, E.B.G. (2008). Molecular nLSU rDNA sequence data. Mycological characterization of basidiomycetous endophytes Research 105: 773-782. isolated from leaves, rachis and petioles of the oil Wagner, T. and Fischer, M. (2002). Proceedings towards palm, Elaeis guineensis, in Thailand. Fungal a natural classification of the worldwide taxa Diversity 33: 139-161 Phellinus s.l. and s.l., and phylogenetic Ryvarden, L. (1983). Type studies in the Polyporaceae relationships of allied genera. Mycologia 94: 998- 14. Species described by N. Patouillard, either 1016. alone or with other mycologists. Mycotaxon 18:1- Wright, J.E. and Blumenfeld, S.N. (1984). New South 39. American species of Phellinus (Hymeno- Ryvarden, L. (1991). Genera of polypores: chaetaceae). Mycotaxon 31: 413-425. Nomenclature and taxonomy. Synopsis Fungorum 5: 1-363.

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