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The Genus Inonotus Sensu Lato in Iran, with Keys to Inocutis and Mensularia Worldwide

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The Genus Inonotus Sensu Lato in Iran, with Keys to Inocutis and Mensularia Worldwide Ann. Bot. Fennici 45: 465–476 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 30 December 2008 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2008 The genus Inonotus sensu lato in Iran, with keys to Inocutis and Mensularia worldwide Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad1 & Heikki Kotiranta2 1) Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Finnish Environment Institute, Research Department, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 21 Sep. 2007, revised version received 28 Nov. 2007, accepted 28 Nov. 2007 Ghobad-Nejhad, M. & Kotiranta, H. 2008: The genus Inonotus sensu lato in Iran, with keys to Ino- cutis and Mensularia worldwide. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 45: 465–476. Inonotus plorans, previously known only from Algeria and Morocco, is now reported from NW Iran. The known southern distribution of Inocutis rheades is extended to southern Iran, and Mensularia nodulosa is reported as new to Iran. A key to ten species of Inonotus s. lato occurring in Iran is provided. Most of the species are illustrated and their spore and setal dimensions are given. The earlier reports of I. radiatus and Men- sularia hastifera from Iran turned out to be misidentifications. Keys to the accepted species of Inocutis and Mensularia are provided. Key words: Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae, polypore, taxonomy The genus Inonotus, with some 101 species in I. jamaicensis, were considered to lack the myc- its wider sense (Ryvarden 2005), is polyphyletic, elial core (Wagner & Fischer 2002), but later a and many recent DNA analyses support its divid- rudimentary core was found in I. jamaicensis by ing into more homogenous taxa (Wagner & Martínez (2006). Among the species, apparently Fischer 2001, 2002, Larsson et al. 2006). Some only Inocutis subdryophila occurs on conifers of these segregates continuously receive good (Dai & Yuan 2005). Eight species have been branch support in molecular studies (e.g. Inoc- accepted in the genus and are keyed here. None utis and Mensularia), while some are not fully of the species is known from Australia or from supported (e.g. Phaeoporus and Pseudoinonotus) sub-Saharan Africa. (cf. Wagner & Fischer 2001, 2002, Decock et al. The genus Mensularia includes annual spe- 2005, Jeong et al. 2005). The two latter genera cies with ventricose hymenial setae and small, are also morphologically poorly delimited (see strongly cyanophilous and weakly dextrinoid also Spirin et al. 2006). basidiospores. Four species have been accepted in The genus Inocutis was described by Fias- the genus and are keyed here. None of the species son and Niemelä (1984) to comprise annual is known from Africa or Australia (e.g. May et al. species with ellipsoid, yellowish to brownish 2007) and all species grow on angiosperms. non-dextrinoid basidiospores and a monomitic Inonotus s. stricto has five representatives in hyphal system (Fiasson 1982). Previously two Iran: I. cuticularis, I. hispidus, I. nidus-pici, I. subtropical species, Inonotus ludovicianus and obliquus and I. plorans. Inonotus plorans seems 466 Ghobad-Nejhad & Kotiranta • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 45 to have characters of both Inocutis (no setae) and 2. Basidiospores CB+, 6.8–8.5 ¥ 5–6.5 µm .. Inocutis levis 2. Basidiospores usually CB−, 4.5–7 ¥ 3–6 µm .............. 3 Inonotus (no core). However, it has a derived 3. Basidiospores 6–7 ¥ 5–6 µm, basidiocarp usually position within the Inonotus s. stricto clade and applanate with blunt margin, always on Tamarix ........... not in Inocutis (see Wagner & Fischer 2002). ........................................................... Inocutis tamaricis 3. Basidiospores 4.5–6.5 ¥ 3–5 µm, basidiocarp usually dimidiate with margin turning down, usually on Populus .............................................................. Inocutis rheades Material and methods 4. Basidiocarp resupinate to nodulosa ............................. 5 4. Basidiocarp pileate ....................................................... 7 The study is based on examination of the Iranian 5. Basidiocarp resupinate, basidiospores IKI− and CB− or only weakly CB+, anamorph known ........................... 6 material preserved in the fungal herbarium of 5. Basidiocarp nodulose, basidiospores faintly dextrinoid the Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute and distinctly CB+, anamorph not known ...................... (Fungus collection of the Ministry of Jihad-e ...................................................... Mensularia nodulosa Agriculture, IRAN) in Iran, material collected by 6. Basidiocarp in cavities of living trees, tramal hyphoid setae abundant ................................. Inonotus nidus-pici the first author, Iranian specimens in Gothenburg 6. Basidiocarp under bark, hyphoid setae absent ................ (GB), and literature records. Additional exam- ........................................................... Inonotus obliquus ined specimens are in the Botanical Museum of 7. Branched hyphoid setae on pileus present ...................... the University of Helsinki (H). ........................................................ Inonotus cuticularis 7. Branched hyphoid setae absent .................................... 8 Specimens were studied in Cotton Blue in 8. Hymenial setae abundant, hooked, basidiospores subglo- lactic acid (CB) and some in Melzer’s reagent bose, dextrinoid and strongly CB+ ... Inonotus dryadeus (IKI). In the text and keys CB+ means cyanoph- 8. Hymenial setae rare or absent, with straight apex, basid- ily, CB− a negative reaction. IKI− denotes no iospores ellipsoid, IKI− and CB− ................................ 9 9. Upper surface hispid, hymenial setae present but rare, reaction in Melzer’s reagent (no dextrinoidy or widespread species in temperate zone ............................ amyloidy reaction). The measurements of spores ............................................................ Inonotus hispidus and setae given in Tables 1 and 2 were made in 9. Upper surface tomentose, hymenial setae absent, rare Cotton Blue, measurements of setae refering to species known only in North Africa and Iran ................. ............................................................. Inonotus plorans hymenial setae. Five percent of the measure- ments were excluded from each end of the varia- Key to species of Inocutis in the world tion range and are presented in parentheses. The following abbreviations are used for: n = the 1. Neotropical species, only known from southern North number of spores or setae measured from the America or South America .......................................... 2 given number of specimens, L = mean length, W 1. Species from other parts of the world than southern = mean width, and Q = mean value of the L/W North America and South America ................................ 4 ratio. Measurements were made at ¥1000 mag- 2. Basidiocarps in large clusters or rosettes, surface zonate, nification with a Leica Biomed light microscope context without a granular core ............... I. ludoviciana 2. Basidiocarps not in clusters or rosettes, surface azonate, from hand cut sections mounted in CB. Draw- context with a granular core ......................................... 3 ings were made in CB using a drawing tube. 3. Basidiocarps ungulate to applanate, surface rimose, Notes on key characters of the species, host pref- pores 1–3 per mm, spores 8–10 ¥ 5–7 µm ....... I. texana erence in Iran and known distribution are given. 3. Basidiocarps pileate to effused-reflexed, surface black- The two new records for Iran are marked with an ish with a thin wrinkled crust, pores 3–5 per mm, spores ¥ I. jamaicensis asterisk. The abbreviations MGH and HK refer 5–7 4–5 µm ........................................... 4. Basidiospores large, 6–8.5(–10) ¥ 4.5–6.5 µm ............ 5 to the authors of this paper. For I. dryadeus and 4. Basidiospores 4.5–7 ¥ 3-5 ........................................... 7 I. obliquus no material from Iran was available, 5. Basidiospores 7–8.5(–10) ¥ 5–6.5 µm, spore wall dis- and the material of I. nidus-pici is very poor. tinctly CB+, mainly known from Central Asia .... I. levis Therefore these species are lacking in Tables 1 5. Basidiospores 6–8 ¥ 4.5–6 µm, CB− or CB+ only when and 2, and are not illustrated. young ........................................................................... 6 6. Species mostly on Tamarix, gloeoplerous hyphae absent ...................................................................... I. tamaricis Key to the species of Inonotus s. lato in Iran 6. Species mostly on Quercus, gloeoplerous hyphae present in trama ....................................................... I. dryophila 1. Basidiocarp with a core, setae absent .......................... 2 7. Basidiocarps applanate, surface zonate and tomentose, 1. Basidiocarp without a core, setae present (absent only in core hard, tubes brittle, hyphae thin- to thick-walled, I. plorans) ..................................................................... 4 known from the northern hemisphere ............ I. rheades A NN . BOT. FE NNI C I Table 1. Spore dimensions in selected species of Inonotus s. lato. Values in parentheses represent n (see Material and methods). Mean values in boldface. Vol. Species (n*) L ¥ W (µm) L mean (µm) W mean (µm) Q Q mean 45 • Inocutis levis (60/2) 6.8–8.1(–8.6) ¥ 5.0–6.5 7.46 5.55 1.19–1.53(–1.68) 1.35 Inocutis levis MGH 59 6.8 ¥ 8.0(–8.6) ¥ 5.0–6.5 7.33 5.56 1.19–1.46(–1.57) 1.32 The genusInonotussensulatoinIran
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