Sanctuaires Shintô Et Sociétés Locales Dans Le Japon De L'epoque

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Sanctuaires Shintô Et Sociétés Locales Dans Le Japon De L'epoque Sanctuaires Shintô et Sociétés Locales dans le Japon de l’Epoque d’Edo : l’exemple de la province d’Izumi Yannick Bardy To cite this version: Yannick Bardy. Sanctuaires Shintô et Sociétés Locales dans le Japon de l’Epoque d’Edo : l’exemple de la province d’Izumi. Religions. Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O’, 2013. Français. NNT : 2013INAL0014. tel-00947622 HAL Id: tel-00947622 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947622 Submitted on 17 Feb 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales École doctorale N°265 Langues, littératures et sociétés du monde Cete d’Etudes Japoaises THÈSE présentée par : Yannick BARDY soutenue le : 28 Novembre 2013 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteu de l’INALCO Discipline : Histoire, société et civilisations Sanctuaires Shintô et Sociétés Locales dans le Japo de l’Epoue d’Edo – l’exeple de la povice d’Izui – (Premier Volume) THÈSE dirigée par : Monsieur MACÉ François Professeur des Universités à l’INALCO RAPPOREURS : Monsieur CARRÉ Guillaume Maître de Conférences à l’EHESS Monsieur GOOSSAERT Vincent Directeur d’Etudes à l’EPHE MEMBRES DU JURY : Monsieur MACÉ François Professeur des Universités à l’INALCO Madame KOUAME Nathalie Maître de Conférences à l’INALCO, HdR Monsieur CARRÉ Guillaume Maître de Conférences à l’EHESS Monsieur GOOSSAERT Vincent Directeur d’Etudes à l’EPHE Remerciements Je souhaite tout d’abord remercier l’ensemble des personnes sans lesquelles ce travail n’aurait pas été possible, et en premier lieu mes parents qui m’ont supporté (dans tous les sens du terme) pendant mes longues études et qui m’ont assisté dans la correction de ce travail. Je pense également aux professeurs qui m’ont attiré puis guidé sur cette voie : M. Jean-Pierre Delumeau qui, le premier, m’a donné le goût de l’histoire japonaise, Mme Nathalie Kouamé qui a dirigé mes travaux de Master et M. François Macé qui a dirigé celui-ci. Il s’agit également de M. Tsukada Takashi qui m’a accueilli à l’Université Municipale d’Ôsaka (大阪 市立大学) et de M. Guillaume Carré qui a eu la gentillesse de me présenter à M. Tsukada et qui depuis a continué à suivre mes progrès. Je souhaite également remercier l’ensemble des étudiants et anciens étudiants de l’Université Municipale d’Ôsaka qui m’ont guidé dans bien des domaines, et à qui est revenue l’immense tâche de relire en un temps record la version originelle – en japonais – de cette étude. Je pense tout particulièrement à Mlles Saitô Hiroko et Mita Satoko, ainsi que MM. Hada Shin.ya et Yamashita Sôichi, dont les suggestions se sont bien souvent révélées précieuses. Par ailleurs mes remerciements vont au bureau d’historiographie de la municipalité d’Izumi et au musée d’Histoire de la municipalité d’Izumi-sano qui m’ont tous deux donné l’accès à la documentation qu’ils conservent en leur locaux. Le premier en particulier s’est avéré particulièrement facile d’accès et d’utilisation (combien d’autres services de ce type permettent au chercheur étranger de transférer plusieurs gigaoctet de données sans paperasserie ni tracasserie ?), ainsi que précieux en conseils. Pour finir, rappelons que ce travail n’aurait pas été possible sans le financement du gouvernement japonais par le biais de ses bourses de recherches dont nous espérons qu’elles survivront à la conjoncture et continueront de permettre à de jeunes chercheurs à se rendre sur place et se confronter aux sources de leur discipline et aux chercheurs japonais. 3 Avertissement Cet ouvrage utilise le système de transcription Hepburn modifié pour l’écriture du japonais. Conformément à l’usage japonais, le nom de famille des personnes citées précède le nom personnel. Les signes suivants pourront être utilisés lors des traductions : [ ] pour insérer un ou plusieurs mots sous-entendus, ne paraissant pas dans le texte mais nécessaire à la construction de la phrase en français ou à la bonne compréhension du propos ; […] pour indique une coupe dans le texte original ; [= ] pour préciser le sens général d’un terme spécifique sans équivalent en français, ou pour apporter une précision au propos pour en aider la compréhension ; (( )) pour signaler un passage dont la traduction semble délicate. Concernant les sources, nous donnerons leur label à la fois en français et en japonais afin de rendre leur recherche plus aisée. Il commence par le nom de la famille qui détient les documents et suit la dénomination (numérotation) qui a été choisie par l’entité qui les a archivés. Enfin, lorsque ce ne sera pas précisé, il faudra comprendre que ces documents sont visibles au département d’historiographie de la municipalité d’Izumi. Toutefois, afin de ne pas compliquer la lecture de notre travail, nous avons attribué un numéro à chaque document utilisé. Les documents recopiés dans ces pages sont enregistrés de la manière suivante : numéro de chapitre en chiffre romain suivi du numéro de document (ex. : document I-3) et sont répertoriés dans une table en fin de volumes. D’autres documents non recopiés pourront apparaître sous le format numéro de chapitre suivi d’une lettre capitale (ex. : document III-A). Ensuite, nous utiliserons les abréviations suivantes pour certains ouvrages dont le nom est récurrent (les notices complètes se trouvent en bibliographies) : IYDM = Izumi Yokoyama-dani no minzoku I – Ôsaka-fu bunkazai chôsahôkoku dai 26 shû (Folklore de la vallée Yokoyama (…)) IR = Izumishi no rekishi (Histoire de la municipalité d’Izumi), suivie du numéro de volume. SISS = Shinshû Izumisanoshi-shi (Nouvelle histoire de la municipalité d’Izumi-sano), suivie du numéro de volume (le volume 2 et 3 sont parus ensemble dans un seul livre). Les documents publiés dans SISS 6 seront numérotés de la manière suivante : SISS + numéro du document en chiffres romains (ex : document 13 : SISS-XIII) SS-HSSU = « Shinoda-myôjin-sha to Shinodagô – Hôreki-ki no shasô-shake-ujiko kan sôron – » (Le sanctuaire Shinoda et le pays de Shinoda – la querelle de l’ère Hôreki entre le moine shasô, les prêtres et l’ujiko) SMCS = « Senshû Minami-ôjimura to chiiki-shakai » (Village de Minami-ôji dans la province d’Izumi, et société locale) SDNS = Shidai Nihonshi (Revue d’Histoire de l’université municipale d’Ôsaka) Enfin, le Japon de l’époque d’Edo connaît deux religions officielles principales, le Shintô et le Bouddhisme, qui sont plus ou moins mélangées, chacune ayant des établissements et du personnel religieux. Pour les distinguer, nous utiliserons selon l’usage, les termes de : * « prêtre » et « sanctuaire » dans le cas du Shintô, * et de « moine » pour les religieux bouddhistes, et de « temple » ou « monastère » pour leurs institutions. « Temple » sera employé pour rendre le mot 寺, tera ou ji selon la lecture, et « monastère » pour , in. Dans tout les cas, le lecteur fera attention à ce que ces termes ne sont destinés à rendre compte ni de la puissance politique, économique, culturelle ou religieuse de l’établissement, ni du nombre de moines en résidence. 5 Sommaire REMERCIEMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 3 AVERTISSEMENT ............................................................................................................................... 5 SOMMAIRE........................................................................................................................................... 7 TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS : ....................................................................................................... 8 INDEX DES DOCUMENTS TRANSCRITS : .................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 11 Structures sociales de villages groupés autour d’un même sanctuaire : ........................... 11 Etudes préliminaires et courants historiographiques : ....................................................... 14 Situation, principes et objectifs : ........................................................................................... 32 PREMIERE PARTIE : LE SANCTUAIRE KASUGA ET SA COMMUNAUTE DE SEPT VILLAGES. ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapitre 1 : La communauté des fidèles et le sanctuaire Kasuga : ................................... 44 Chapitre 2 : La prêtrise du sanctuaire Kasuga : ................................................................. 67 Chapitre 3 : La lignée de Yokota Shôbei et le village de Murodô : ................................. 107 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 135 DEUXIEME PARTIE : LE SANCTUAIRE SHINODA ET LES SEPT VILLAGES DU PAYS DE SHINODA. .......................................................................................................................................
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