DOCSLIB.ORG

“Extraction and Purification of Antioxidant Fractions from Foreing Species”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Extraction and Purification of Antioxidant Fractions from Foreing Species” “EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT FRACTIONS FROM FOREING SPECIES” EUROPEAN DOCTORAL THESIS María Parada Casas Ourense, julio 2017 International Doctoral School María Parada Casas “EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT FRACTIONS FROM FOREIGN SPECIES” Dª Herminia Domínguez González, D. Andrés Moure Varela, Dª Enma Conde Piñeiro 2017 International Doctoral School Dª Herminia Domínguez González, Dr. Andrés moure Varela and Dr. Enma Conde Piñeiro, DECLARE that the present work, entitled “EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT FRACTIONS FROM FOREIGN SPECIES” to obtain the title of Doctor, was carried out by Dª MARIA PARADA CASAS, under our supervision in the PhD programme “RD 1393/2007” Ourense, July 2017 Dr. Herminia Domínguez González Dr. Andrés Moure Varela Dr. Enma Conde Piñeiro AGRADECIMIENTOS‐ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Me gustaría que estas líneas sirvieran para expresar mi más profundo y sincero agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que me han ayudado de una u otra manera en la realización del presente trabajo el cual ha significado un reto tanto personal como profesional… Quisiera agradecer a mis directores de tesis, Dra. Herminia Domínguez, Dr. Andrés y Dra. Enma Conde por haberme facilitado tanto la realización de este trabajo, muy especialmente a Herminia, por haberme aceptado primero como proyectista y después como estudiante de doctorado, por la confianza que me ha dado, por su ayuda infinita, y apoyo y palabras de ánimo constante y hasta el último momento. Un punto y aparte merece Enma, de la cual he aprendido muchísimas cosas, tanto a nivel profesional como personal, por su capacidad de trabajo, templanza y paciencia conmigo (sobre todo al principio) por sus consejos, risas y charlas entre experimental y párrafos…te admiro. Gracias al grupo de investigación de Ingeniería Química, muy especialmente a Jose Luis Alonso, por brindarme la oportunidad de formar parte de un gran equipo. Gracias también al grupo de investigación da FRAU (free radicals and antioxidants unit) de Química Aplicada do Departamento de Ciências Químicas da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, a la Dra. Eduarda Fernandes, por haberme permitido trabajar y aprender en su laboratorio, por su hospitalidad desde antes incluso de que llegara. Gracias a las Dras. Marisa Freitas y Daniela Ribeiro por haberme hecho sentir como en casa, por su ayuda en todos los ámbitos, por crear ese ambiente de trabajo tan genial. También a Carina y a Priscilla y al resto de doctorandas de Brasil sin todas vosotras no habría sido lo mismo. Quiero dar las gracias a mis compañer@s del grupo de investigación de Ingeniería Química, a Carlos, Mª Jesús Susana, Belén, Sandra, Miguel, Elena, Noelia…a los que están y a los que ya se han ido, por su ayuda y colaboración y con los cuales también he compartido muy buenos momentos. Gracias a todos mis amigos y amigas, a los de la infancia y a los que habéis llegado más tarde, por vuestro interés, porque de todos he recibido constantes palabras de ánimo, por vuestro empuje en los momentos más complicados y las palmaditas en el hombro tras cada pequeño logro. Gracias a Carmen por ayudarme siempre en todo y en todos los aspectos de mi vida sin importar día, hora o lugar. Gracias a mi familia, empezando por mi abuelo, por sus sabios consejos, el que siempre me ha inculcado el estudio y la capacidad de trabajo, te siento siempre conmigo y sé que me sigues ayudando. A mi abuela por escucharme siempre, por ayudarme en todo, por su risa contagiosa… A mi tío, el cual siempre me lo ha dado todo y me lo sigue dando, por su preocupación, consejos y palabras de reconocimiento. A mi madre, por su amor incondicional, por su vida dedicada a nosotras, como no, por sus consejos, porque siempre acertaste y porque en el fondo nunca me dejaste. A mi hermana porque a pesar de su juventud es una de las personas más fuertes y con más fuerza de voluntad que conozco, un ejemplo para mi en muchas aspectos de la vida. A mi madre INDEX INDEX PREFACE ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…………….I SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….II RESUMEN………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….…………IX 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Antioxidants……………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1.1. Definition of antioxidant………………………………………………………………….……..1 1.1.2. Natural and synthetic antioxidants………………………………………………………...2 1.1.3. Antioxidant activity…………………………………………………………………………..….…3 1.1.4. Measurement of antioxidant activity…………………………………………………......5 1.2 Natural phenolic compounds………………………………………………………………………………….7 1.2.1. Origin and formation of phenolic compounds………………………………….……..7 1.3 Natural compounds with antioxidant activity and major sources…………………………..7 1.3.1. Natural compounds with antioxidant activity……………………………..………..…7 1.3.2. Classification………………………………………………………………………………………..…9 1.3.3. Environmentally friendly extraction technologies…………………………………14 1.3.3.1. Hydrothermal processes for extraction…………………………………..14 1.3.3.2. Enzyme assisted extraction…………………………………………………….15 1.3.3.3. Microwave assisted extraction…………………………………………....…16 1.3.3.4. Supercritical fluids……………………………………………………….………….18 1.3.4. Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds…….….26 1.3.4.1. Adsorption-desorption processes………………………………….……….26 2. OBJECTIVES AND WORK PLAN 2.1. Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………………33 2.2. Work plan……………………………………………………………………………………..……………..……..33 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1. Raw materials…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………35 3.2. Experimental procedures……………………………………………………………………..……………..36 3.2.1. Extraction methodologies……………………………………………………………………..36 3.2.1.1. Hydrothermal treatments: autohydrolysis …………………………..…36 3.2.1.2. Enzyme-assisted extraction………………………………………………….…37 3.2.1.3. Solvent fractionation……………………………………………………...........38 3.2.1.4. Supercritical fluid extraction…………………………………………………..38 3.2.1.5. Microwave hydrogravity extraction (MHG)………………………….…39 3.2.2. Recovery, fractionation and purification of extracts………………………………39 3.2.2.1. Static adsorption and desorption studies………………………………..40 3.2.2.2. Determination of adsorption‐desorption properties ………………41 3.2.2.3. Dynamic adsorption and desorption studies…………………………..45 3.3. Analytical methods……………………………………………………………………………………………..45 3.3.1. Moisture content and total solids determination …………....................…..45 3.3.2. Extraction yield determination………………………………………………..……………46 3.3.3. Total phenols determination…………………………………………………………..….…46 3.3.4. Floroglucinol equivalents………………………………………………………………………47 3.3.5. Chromatographic techniques……………………………………………………….……....48 3.3.5.1 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ……………….....49 3.3.5.2. Gas chromatography (GC)……………………………………………………….50 3.3.6. In vitro antioxidant activity methods…………………………………………………….50 3.3.6.1. DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay ………………………………..51 3.3.6.2. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay or ABTS radical scavenging capacity assay ………………………………………………………………………………………….52 3.3.6.3. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay ……………..……………..…54 3.3.6.4. Antitumoral activity…………………………………………………………..……55 3.3.6.5. Anti-inflammatory activity………………………………………………….…..56 3.3.6.6. COX-1 and COX-2 assays………………………………………………………...57 3.4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)…………………………………………………………………..58 3.5. Mathematical procedure…………………………………………………………………………………….58 3.5.1. Calculation of adsorption capacity and adsorption ratio………………...…….58 3.5.2. Adsorption kinetics……………………………………………………………………………....59 3.5.3. Adsorption isotherms……………………………………………………………………….…..60 3.5.4. Desorption process……………………………………………………………………….………62 3.5.4.1. Calculation of desorption ratio……………………………………………….62 3.5.4.2. Dynamic desorption studies…………………………………………………...62 3.5.4.3. Dynamic adsorption modeling………………………………………………..62 3.5.4.3.1. Modelo of Thomas……………………………………………………63 3.5.4.3.2. Modelo of Adams–Bohart ………………………………….……64 3.5.4.3.3. Modelo dof Yoon–Nelson…………………………….…………..65 4. RESULTS 4.1. Enzyme aided aqueous procesing of Sargassum muticum…………………………………..67 4.2. In vitro bioactive properties of phlorotannins recovered from hydrothermal treatment of Sargassum muticu………………………………………………………………………………...85 4.3. Solvent fractionation of ethanolic extracts from Acacia dealbata flowers…………119 4.4. Supercritical CO2 extracts from Acacia dealbata flowers……………………………………131 4.5. Sequential extraction of Hericium erinaceus using Green…………………………….……145 5. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………………………….….161 6. REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………...163 7. APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….179 PREFACE This PhD Thesis has been conducted at the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Vigo (Faculty of Science, Ourense Campus) under the supervision of Dr. Herminia Domínguez González, Dr. Andrés Moure Varela and Dr. Enma Conde Piñeiro. During my PhD Thesis period my research work has been based on the optimization of the conditions for the extraction and purification of bioactive products of three different types of plant biomass: Sargassum muticum macroalga, Acacia dealbata flowers and Hericium erinaceus, using clean extraction technologies such as enzyme assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction and microwave assisted extraction. Purification using resins and gels served to obtain high purity concentrates and the possible application of the fractions obtained in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical field was evaluated by in vitro cell cultures to assess the anti-inflammatory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae
    The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre, Philippe Potin, Catherine Leblanc, Ludovic Delage To cite this version: Stéphane La Barre, Philippe Potin, Catherine Leblanc, Ludovic Delage. The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance. Marine drugs, MDPI, 2010, 8, pp.988. hal-00987044 HAL Id: hal-00987044 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00987044 Submitted on 5 May 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 988-1010; doi:10.3390/md8040988 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre 1,2,*, Philippe Potin 1,2, Catherine Leblanc 1,2 and Ludovic Delage 1,2 1 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (L.D.) 2 CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-298-292-361; Fax: +33-298-292-385.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutton, Robbie John
    UHI Thesis - pdf download summary The Bioactivity and Natural Products of Scottish Seaweeds Mutton, Robbie John DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (AWARDED BY OU/ABERDEEN) Award date: 2012 Awarding institution: The University of Edinburgh Link URL to thesis in UHI Research Database General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author. Users may download and print one copy of any thesis from the UHI Research Database for the not-for-profit purpose of private study or research on the condition that: 1) The full text is not changed in any way 2) If citing, a bibliographic link is made to the metadata record on the the UHI Research Database 3) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 4) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that any data within this document represents a breach of copyright, confidence or data protection please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 ‘The Bioactivity and Natural Products of Scottish Seaweeds’ © A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) at the University of Aberdeen Robbie John Mutton B.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-Msn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties
    Mar. Drugs 2012, 10, 2766-2781; doi:10.3390/md10122766 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties Federico Ferreres 1,*, Graciliana Lopes 2, Angel Gil-Izquierdo 1, Paula B. Andrade 2, Carla Sousa 2, Teresa Mouga 3 and Patrícia Valentão 2,* 1 Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (P.B.A.); [email protected] (C.S.) 3 GIRM—Marine Resources Research Group, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Santuário N.ª Sra. Dos Remédios, Apartado 126, 2524-909 Peniche, Portugal; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (P.V.); Tel.: +34-968396324 (F.F.); Fax: +34-968396213 (F.F.); Tel.: +351-220428653 (P.V.); Fax: +351-226093390 (P.V.). Received: 3 October 2012; in revised form: 30 October 2012 / Accepted: 4 December 2012 / Published: 10 December 2012 Abstract: Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomarkers of Seaweed Intake Muyao Xi* and Lars O
    Xi and Dragsted Genes & Nutrition (2019) 14:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-019-0648-4 REVIEW Open Access Biomarkers of seaweed intake Muyao Xi* and Lars O. Dragsted Abstract Seaweeds are marine macroalgae, some of which are edible. They are rich in specific dietary fibers and also contain other characteristic biological constituents. Biological activities have been investigated mainly in animal studies, while very few results are available from human studies. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) specific to seaweed could play an important role as objective measurements in observational studies and dietary intervention studies. Thus, the health effects of seaweeds can be explored and understood by discovering and applying BFIs. This review summarizes studies to identify candidate BFIs of seaweed intake. These BFIs are evaluated by a structured validation scheme. Hydroxytrifuhalol A, 7-hydroxyeckol, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol, diphloroethol, fucophloroethol, dioxinodehydroeckol, and/or their glucuronides or sulfate esters which all belong to the phlorotannins are considered candidate biomarkers for brown seaweed. Fucoxanthinol, the main metabolite of fucoxanthin, is also regarded as a candidate biomarker for brown seaweed. Further validation will be needed due to the very limited number of human studies. Further studies are also needed to identify additional candidate biomarkers, relevant specifically for the red and green seaweeds, for which no candidate biomarkers emerged from the literature search. Reliable BFIs should also ideally be found for the whole seaweed food group. Keywords: Biomarkers of food intake, Food exposure marker, Dietary assessment, Seaweed, Macroalgae Introduction originate from a variety of seaweed compounds, such as Seaweeds or macroalgae, including species of brown, soluble fiber and carotenoids [6, 11–15].
    [Show full text]
  • Fucaceae: a Source of Bioactive Phlorotannins
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Fucaceae: A Source of Bioactive Phlorotannins Marcelo D. Catarino, Artur M. S. Silva and Susana M. Cardoso * Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; [email protected] (M.D.C.); [email protected] (A.M.S.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084 Received: 29 April 2017; Accepted: 15 June 2017; Published: 21 June 2017 Abstract: Fucaceae is the most dominant algae family along the intertidal areas of the Northern Hemisphere shorelines, being part of human customs for centuries with applications as a food source either for humans or animals, in agriculture and as remedies in folk medicine. These macroalgae are endowed with several phytochemicals of great industrial interest from which phlorotannins, a class of marine-exclusive polyphenols, have gathered much attention during the last few years due to their numerous possible therapeutic properties. These compounds are very abundant in brown seaweeds such as Fucaceae and have been demonstrated to possess numerous health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or enhancement of intracellular antioxidant defenses, antidiabetic properties through their acarbose-like activity, stimulation of adipocytes glucose uptake and protection of β-pancreatic cells against high-glucose oxidative stress; anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of several pro-inflammatory mediators; antitumor properties by activation of apoptosis on cancerous cells and metastasis inhibition, among others. These multiple health properties render phlorotannins great potential for application in numerous therapeutical approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction, Enrichment, and LC-Msn-Based Characterization of Phlorotannins and Related Phenolics from the Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum Nodosum
    marine drugs Article Extraction, Enrichment, and LC-MSn-Based Characterization of Phlorotannins and Related Phenolics from the Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum J. William Allwood 1 , Huw Evans 2, Ceri Austin 1 and Gordon J. McDougall 1,* 1 Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; [email protected] (J.W.A.); [email protected] (C.A.) 2 Byotrol Ltd., Thornton Science Park, Chester CH2 4NU, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1382-568782 Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 24 August 2020; Published: 27 August 2020 Abstract: Phenolic components from the edible brown seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, have been associated with considerable antioxidant activity but also bioactivities related to human health. This study aims to select and identify the main phlorotannin components from this seaweed which have been previously associated with potential health benefits. Methods to enrich phenolic components then further select phlorotannin components from ethanolic extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum were applied. The composition and phenolic diversity of these extracts were defined using data dependent liquid chromatography mass spectroscopic (LC-MSn) techniques. A series of phlorotannin oligomers with apparent degree of polymerization (DP) from 10 to 31 were enriched by solid phase extraction and could be selected by fractionation on Sephadex LH-20. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of dibenzodioxin linked phlorotannins as well as sulphated phlorotannins and phenolic acids. As well as diversity in molecular size, there was evidence for potential isomers at each DP. MS2 fragmentation analyses strongly suggested that the phlorotannins contained ether linked phloroglucinol units and were most likely fucophlorethols and MS3 data suggested that the isomers may result from branching within the chain.
    [Show full text]
  • Phlorotannins: from Isolation and Structural Characterization, to The
    1 Phlorotannins: from Isolation and Structural Characterization, to the 2 evaluation of their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Potential 3 4 Fernanda Erpela, Raquel Mateosb, Jara Pérez‐Jiménezb, José Ricardo Pérez‐Correaa,* 5 6 a Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad 7 Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile. 8 b Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IF‐CSIC), 9 Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain. 10 11 E‐mail: Fernanda Erpel, [email protected]; Raquel Mateos, [email protected]; Jara Pérez‐ 12 Jiménez, [email protected]; José Ricardo Pérez‐Correa, [email protected]. 13 14 *Corresponding author: Con formato: Inglés (Estados Unidos) 15 José Ricardo Pérez‐Correa 16 Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad 17 Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile. 18 E‐mail: [email protected]; Tel: +56 2 23544258 19 20 21 22 23 24 [Escriba aquí] 2 25 Abstract: Phlorotannins are phenolic characteristic compounds of brown seaweeds that are only 26 constituted by phloroglucinol (1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene). They are chain‐ and net‐like structures of 27 diverse molecular weights, and have been widely identified in Ecklonia, Eisenia and Ishige species. 28 Since the time they were discovered in the 70s, phlorotannins have been suggested as a main factor 29 responsible for the antimicrobial activities attributed to algae extracts. Currently, cumulative in vitro 30 and in vivo research evidence the diverse bioactivities of phlorotannin extracts ‐such as antidiabetic, 31 anticancer and antibacterial‐ pointing out their potential pharmacological and food applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Ascophyllum Nodosum and Saccharina Latissima) Ingrid Maribu Master’S Thesis in Marine Biotechnology, BIO-3901, May 2021
    Norwegian College of Fishery Science, the Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics Chemical and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fucoidan from two Species of Brown Macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima) Ingrid Maribu Master’s thesis in Marine Biotechnology, BIO-3901, May 2021 Acknowledgements I would like to start by thanking the Norwegian College of Fishery Science for 5 great years and who led me to discover my interest in macroalgae. I would like to express my gratitude to Nofima, in particular the Marine Bioprospecting group for allowing me to work with such an interesting field and continuous encouragement throughout the year. Especially thanks to my supervisors Tor Haug, Jan Arne Arnesen and Kjetil Elvevold. Enough cannot be said to thank Jan Arne and Kjetil for all the guidance and encouragement they have given me throughout the year, helping me with lab work and analysis, for always answering my many emails and making everyday fun. Thanks to Tor for wanting to go through another round of being my supervisor, for great guidance in writing and expertise in phlorotannins. I would also like to thank Runar Gjerp Solstad for great help with the chromatography methods, Ida Kristine Østnes Hansen for her expertise during the phlorotannin characterization and Kjersti Lian for reading and giving me feedback on my thesis. I have to give a special thanks to my family and friends for their constant support and encouragement (and for pretending to understand what I have been talking about for the last year). Most of all, I would like to thank Elmedina for always putting a smile on my face during stressful times and long hours at the library, for her continuous understanding, ideas and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • France): Any Relationship with Their Vertical Distribution and Phenology?
    marine drugs Article Phlorotannin and Pigment Content of Native Canopy-Forming Sargassaceae Species Living in Intertidal Rockpools in Brittany (France): Any Relationship with Their Vertical Distribution and Phenology? Camille Jégou 1 , Solène Connan 2 , Isabelle Bihannic 2, Stéphane Cérantola 3, Fabienne Guérard 2 and Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau 2,* 1 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM) EA 3884, Université de Brest, 6 Rue de l’université, F-29334 Quimper, France; [email protected] 2 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (F.G.) 3 Service Commun de RMN-RPE, Université de Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-2-9849-8806 Abstract: Five native Sargassaceae species from Brittany (France) living in rockpools were surveyed over time to investigate photoprotective strategies according to their tidal position. We gave ev- idences for the existence of a species distribution between pools along the shore, with the most Citation: Jégou, C.; Connan, S.; dense and smallest individuals in the highest pools. Pigment contents were higher in lower pools, Bihannic, I.; Cérantola, S.; Guérard, F.; suggesting a photo-adaptive process by which the decreasing light irradiance toward the low shore Stiger-Pouvreau, V. Phlorotannin and was compensated by a high production of pigments to ensure efficient photosynthesis. Conversely, Pigment Content of Native no xanthophyll cycle-related photoprotective mechanism was highlighted because high levels of Canopy-Forming Sargassaceae zeaxanthin rarely occurred in the upper shore.
    [Show full text]
  • The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance
    Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 988-1010; doi:10.3390/md8040988 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre 1,2,*, Philippe Potin 1,2, Catherine Leblanc 1,2 and Ludovic Delage 1,2 1 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (L.D.) 2 CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-298-292-361; Fax: +33-298-292-385. Received: 25 February 2010; in revised form: 13 March 2010 / Accepted: 25 March 2010 / Published: 30 March 2010 Abstract: Brown algae represent a major component of littoral and sublittoral zones in temperate and subtropical ecosystems. An essential adaptive feature of this independent eukaryotic lineage is the ability to couple oxidative reactions resulting from exposure to sunlight and air with the halogenations of various substrates, thereby addressing various biotic and abiotic stresses i.e., defense against predators, tissue repair, holdfast adhesion, and protection against reactive species generated by oxidative processes. Whereas marine organisms mainly make use of bromine to increase the biological activity of secondary metabolites, some orders of brown algae such as Laminariales have also developed a striking capability to accumulate and to use iodine in physiological adaptations to stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Properties of Marine Polyphenols: an Overview Vo Thanh Sang1*, Ngo Dai Hung2, Kim Se-Kwon3
    Acta Pharm. Sci. Vol 57 No: 2. 2019 DOI: 10.23893/1307-2080.APS.05714 Pharmaceutical Properties of Marine Polyphenols: An Overview Vo Thanh Sang1*, Ngo Dai Hung2, Kim Se-Kwon3 1 NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. 3 Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea. ABSTRACT Natural products are non-drug materials that have applied for prevention or treat- ment of health problem. The use of natural products as pharmaceutical ingredients has got much attention by consumers nowadays. Among them, marine organisms are currently considered as a huge source for the discovery of pharmaceutical agents. During the last decades, numerous novel agents have been achieved from marine organisms and many of them have potential application in pharmaceuti- cal industry. Notably, marine algae are known to be one of the most important producers of variety of chemically active metabolites. Especially, phlorotannins, a polyphenol from brown algae, have been revealed to possess numerous biological activities such as UV-protective, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity activities. Therefore, phloro- tannins are promising agents for development of pharmaceutical products. This contribution focuses on phlorotannins from brown algae and presents potential application in pharmaceutical field due to its biological activities and health benefit effects. Keywords: Natural product, Pharmaceutical, Phlorotannins, Algae, Bioactivity. INTRODUCTION The marine environment represents approximately half of the global biodi- versity.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Fermentation on Polyphenolic
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ulster University's Research Portal 1 Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation on polyphenolic content and bioactivity of brown seaweed phlorotannin-rich extracts. Giulia Corona1,2,*, Maria Magdalena Coman2,3, Yuxuan Guo2, Sarah Hotchkiss4, Chris Gill5, Parveen Yaqoob2, Jeremy P.E. Spencer2 and Ian Rowland2 1Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK 3School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy 4CyberColloids Ltd. Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, County Cork, Ireland 5Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1AA *Corresponding author: Dr. Giulia Corona, Health Science Research Centre, Life Sciences Department, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD . e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 3622, fax +44 –(0)208392 3610, List of abbreviations: CF, colonic fermentation; GID, gastrointestinal digestion; HMW, high molecular weight; LMW, low molecular weight; ND, non-digested; SPE, seaweed polyphenol extract; TP, total polyphenol; Keywords: Digestion, Fermentation, Polyphenols, Phlorotannins, Seaweeds, 2 Abstract Scope: Unlike other classes of polyphenols, there is a lack of knowledge regarding brown seaweed phlorotannins and their bioactivity. We investigated the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on the bioactivity of a seaweed phlorotannin extract from Ascophyllum nodosum and its high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions. Methods and Results: The highest phlorotannin and total polyphenol (TP) concentration was observed in the HMW fraction.
    [Show full text]