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OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on the Occasion of the 50 Anniversary of the United Nations Indu
OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] m¿ *« 0515/ Diatr. LIMITE]) ID/to. 165/16 23 Hovember 1973 United Nations Industrial Development Organization I ORIODIAL: ENGLISH Meeting on Industrial Development Strategita and Policies in Small Countries Vienna, 26-30 November 1973 OTJÖSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT STBAflCOY AND POLICIESt m EXPERIENCE OP MAURITIUS, 1950-1972 ^ Benoit Arouff • • Hr. -
In Praise of Fluffy Bunnies
In Praise of Fluffy Bunnies Copyright © 2012, Richard Forsyth. Background Reading John Lanchester's Whoops!, an entertaining account of how highly paid hotshot traders in a number of prestigious financial institutions brought the world to the brink of economic collapse, I was struck by the following sentence: "In an ideal world, one populated by vegetarians, Esperanto speakers and fluffy bunny wabbits, derivatives would be used for one thing only: reducing levels of risk." (Lanchester, 2010: 37). What struck me about this throwaway remark, apart from the obvious implication that derivatives were actually used to magnify risk rather than reducing it (doubtless by carnivores ignorant of Esperanto), was its presumption that right-thinking readers would take it for granted that Esperanto symbolizes well-meaning futility -- thus highlighting the author's status as a tough-minded realist. This is just one illustration that disdain for Esperanto in particular, and auxiliary languages in general, pervades intellectual circles in Britain today, as in many other countries. And if you dare to raise the subject of constructed international languages with a professional translator or interpreter be prepared not just for disdain but outright hostility. Of course professional interpreters are among the most linguistically gifted people on the planet, and can't see why the rest of us shouldn't become fluent in half a dozen natural languages in our spare time. (Not to mention the fact that a widespread adoption of Esperanto, or one of its competitors, would have a seriously negative impact on their opportunities for gainful employment.) Thus Esperanto has become a symbol of lost causes, to be dismissed out of hand by practical folk. -
Les Drapeaux Des Langues Construites
Les Drapeaux des Langues Construites Patrice de La Condamine Résumé Depuis toujours, les hommes oscillent entre la préservation de leurs identités particulières et leur besoin d’appartenance à des communautés globales. L’idée d’universel et de recherche de la “fusion des origines” hante leur cœur. Dans cet esprit, des langues construites ont été élaborées. Qu’elles soient à vocation auxiliaire ou internationale, destinées à de vastes aires culturelles ou à but strictement philosophique. Des noms connus comme Volapük, Espéranto, Ido, Bolak, Interlingua, Occidental. Mais aussi Glosa, Kotava, Lingua Franca Nova, Atlango. Ou encore Folskpraat, Slovio, Nordien, Afrihili, Slovianski, Hedšdël. Sans parler du langage philosophique Lojban1. Le plus intéressant est de constater que toutes ces langues ont des drapeaux qui traduisent les messages et idéaux des groupes en question! La connaissance des drapeaux des langues construites est primordiale pour plusieurs raisons: elle nous permet de comprendre que tous les drapeaux sans exception délivrent des messages d’une part; que l’existence des drapeaux n’est pas forcément liée à l’unique notion de territoire d’autre part. Le drapeau est d’abord et avant tout, à travers son dessin et ses couleurs, un “territoire mental”. Après avoir montré et expliqué ces différents drapeaux2, nous conclurons avec la présentation du drapeau des Conlang, sorte d’ONU des Langues construites! Folkspraak Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 1 Sélection de noms parmi d’autres. 2 Une trentaine environ. 175 LES DRAPEAUX DES LANGUES CONSTRUITES introduction A nous tous qui sommes réunis ici pour ce XXIVème Congrès International de la vexillologie à Washington, personne n’a plus besoin d’expliquer la nécessité vitale qu’ont les hommes de se représenter au moyen d’emblèmes, et nous savons la place primordiale qu’occupent les drapeaux dans cette fonction. -
Interlingvistiko
Interlingvistiko Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj 1 2 Universitato Adam Mickiewicz – Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza Interlingvistikaj Studoj – Studia Interlingwistyki Vĕra Barandovská-Frank Interlingvistiko Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj Poznań 2020 3 Interlingvistikaj Studoj 1 Redaktanto de la serio – Redaktor serii: Ilona Koutny Redaktanto de la volumo – Redaktor tomu: Ilona Koutny Reviziantoj – Recenzenci: Wim Jansen, Ida Stria Bildo en la titolpaĝo – Obraz na okładce: Katalin Kováts Plano de titolpaĝo – Projekt okładki: Ilona Koutny © Teksto – Tekst: Vĕra Barandovská-Frank © Bildo – Obraz na okładce: Katalin Kováts © Eldono – Edycja: Wydawnictwo Rys Publikigita kun subteno de Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino dofinansowane przez Międzynarodową Akademię Nauk San Marino Wydanie I Poznań 2020 ISBN 978-83-65483-88-1 Wydanie: Wydawnictwo Rys Dąbrówka, ul. Kolejowa 41 62-070 Dopiewo tel. 600 44 55 80 e-mail: [email protected] www.wydawnictworys.com 4 Enhavtabelo Antaŭparolo ..................................................................................................................... 9 Enkonduko .................................................................................................................... 11 1. Interlingvistiko kiel scienco ..................................................................................... 15 2. Antikvaj interlingvoj ................................................................................................ 27 2.1. La aramea lingvo ............................................................................................ -
Recenzje / Review
214 RECENZJE / REVIEW Vĕra Barandovská-Frank Lingvokonstruado por diversaj kulturoj: historia ekzemplo Langmaker Abstract (Language construction for different cultures: The historic example ofLang - maker). The advent of internet communication protocols such as hypertext in the 1990s also revolutionized language creation. In the wake of language creation groups communicating by email the online bulletin “Model languages” of Jeffrey Henning appeared. He noticed that the number of new international auxiliary languages being created was smaller than the number of languages created for recreational or experimental purposes and he encouraged language construction as a hobby. Having recognized this new trend, he discussed the different types of Conlangs (constructed languages) and catalogued them in a browsable database. His col- lection of translations of the Babel text (Genesis 11: 1-9) became a translation benchmark for new Conlangers (language creators). His portal “Langmaker” recorded and described about 2000 Conlangs, offered professional services, for example to science fiction authors, and included links to academic literature and hundreds of related web pages. In 2004, it had about 20,000 monthly visitors. In 2007, it was transferred to a wiki format, enabling all interested to enter and contribute (Henning himself wrote about 2000 pages). In 2008, the system became too cumbersome and stopped functioning. Since then no similar portal has existed that has creatively and cooperatively brought different types of Conlangers together regardless of whether they invent languages for an existing community or for a virtual culture. In February of 2020, the book “Langmaker. Celebrating Conlangs” was published, containing the most important texts of Jeffrey Henning with a forward by his former collaborator David. -
Conlangs, Línguas Construídas Em Tempos De Internet Conlangs
Conlangs, LínguasA ConstruídasRTIGO ORIGIN emAL Tempos/ ORIGIN deAL AInternetRTICLE Conlangs, Línguas Construídas em Tempos de Internet Conlangs, Constructed Languages in Times of Internet Amábile de Lourdes Ciampa Mirandaa* Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo geral levantar dados sobre a existência das conlangs, bem como sua influência na utilização da linguagem da sociedade contemporânea. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este trabalho foi elaborado utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica. A revisão da literatura demonstrou que as conlangs representam um fenômeno contemporâneo, que tem na internet seu espaço privilegiado de disseminação, nela encontrando as possibilidades virtuais de interatividade e sociabilização, apesar das dificuldades inerentes à construção de linguagens sofisticadas que exigem conhecimentos linguísticos além de uma linguagem puramente tribal e espontânea. Palavras-chave: Linguagens construídas. Sociabilização contemporânea. Interação virtual. Abstract This study aimed to collect data about the general existence of conlangs and its influence on language use in contemporary society. From the methodological point of view, this essay was prepared using the literature research. The literature review showed that conlangs represent a contemporary phenomenon, which has the Internet as its privileged place for dissemination, finding in the web the possibilities of virtual interaction and socialization, despite the difficulties inherent to the construction of languages that require sophisticated language skills and a purely tribal and spontaneous language. Key-words: Constructed Languages. Contemporary Socialization. Virtual Interaction. a Mestre em Comunicação - Universidade Anhembi Morumbi na utilização da linguagem da sociedade contemporânea. (UAM). Docente da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM). Já os objetivos específicos procuram refletir sobre a E-mail: [email protected] natureza das conlangs, seu significado e impacto no mundo * Endereço para correspondência: Rua Das Cobéias, 178. -
What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa?
What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa? What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa? Edited by Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in ITC Stone Serif Std by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mavhunga, Clapperton Chakanetsa, 1972- editor, author. Title: What do science, technology, and innovation mean from Africa? / edited by Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga. Description: Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016036606 | ISBN 9780262533904 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Technology--Social aspects--Africa. | Science--Social aspects--Africa. | Technological innovations--Social aspects--Africa. | Creative ability in technology--Africa. | Industrial policy--Africa. | Africa--Social life and customs. Classification: LCC HC800.Z9 .T486 2017 | DDC 338.064096--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016036606 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Mamadou Diouf, my professor and mentor, a selfless man gifted with boundless generosity and inspiration. Contents Preface ix Introduction: What Do Science, -
The Boston Store
DAILY EVENING EDITION jJJvENING EDITION EASTERN OREGON ...WEATHER. AfNb", ,,,, h L2U IBf " . ....allW " BhqWSM Ihll Afternoon (sir tonight pj I "", ," P'"P" Hinl WeanwHAy " '..n.llll. ' . .T- m router fniillit with - (rnt. MARK THIS hAH- e.eeeee4 PENDLETON, UMATILLA COUNTY, ORKUON, TUESDAY, MAY 21, 1901. NO. 4180 14. IM KM NEWS. THK NEW YORK MARKET YOUR STRIKERS FITZ JOHN OB "'v. N ash and party worn given a Reported by I L. Hay Co.. Pndlton, fine reception In Sarranu'iito. Chleaa Board of Trad and Nw York We Sell i awma'i yacht lajdepeadeaei if eon ARE VERY Stock Hxchana Broker. PORTER DIED n)Ha. inao't .tonpwl att.1 the llnal New York, May 21.- - The wheat ROCERIES amithiBa beiaj ione. markid .ts strong today Bttd the Oloes R. & G. ipiniiil Corsets. Hen. t Iih ff ! ha an 4irdr was near the top price. The txnirt th( Stattw n-- I PEACEFUL THIS MORNING lonnally ending t'niti'd demand having its Inflnenoe and lei etpedltlOB in China. is Evcrv WOtnin knows what tin R ( Iiobb tiu poeren etoeki old w iu.at an. rapidly olnlB and (i. Corset is It is the corset of Turkey i'gn perdon o fur the puKtal laeldeBl and ak that lanlng. Three (onrtbi of the visible comfort with tlic MIMIM B4 Style it vix., tlic higg4r natinnH (urget it. Many Men Are Out, Bui No supply is held at IbeBt cities, He Was a Civil War Veteran, is the only cor.srt tlmt will not, can Mr. I.vnian (iagp, wife of the 1801 ('imago, Puiutii and Minneapolis, The not ami docs l iod 0B EGETABLES ntt Stretch, If you tary ol tli4 treamuy who Rater DalaUl whtat is aolii awaiting ship-niiii- t. -
On Tone and Morphophonology of the Akan Reduplication Construction
Alan Reed Libert & Christo Moskovsky 27 Journal of Universal Language 16-2 September 2015, 27-62 Terms for Bodies of Water in A Posteriori and Mixed Artificial Languages Alan Reed Libert & Christo Moskovsky University of Newcastle, Australia Abstract In this paper we look at words for bodies of water (e.g., words for ‘lake’ and ‘river’) in a large number of a posteriori and mixed artificial languages. After presenting the data and briefly discussing some of them, we analyze some aspects of them, including which meanings seem to be more basic than others. For example, words meaning ‘river’ appear to be unmarked with respect to words meaning similar, but smaller, bodies of water (e.g., ‘brook’), since some artificial languages derive the latter from the former, but no languages in our sample derive the latter from the former. This sort of analysis can be applied to other semantic fields in artificial languages. Keywords: a posteriori languages, mixed languages, lexicon Alan Reed Libert School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Phone: 61-2-49215117; Email: [email protected] Christo Moskovsky School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Phone: 61-2-49215163; Email: [email protected] Received August 11, 2015; Revised September 22, 2015; Accepted Septermber 25, 2015 28 Terms for Bodies of Water in A Posteriori and Mixed Artificial Languages 1. Introduction1 Looking at specific areas of the vocabulary of artificial languages (henceforth ALs) can give one an idea of the nature of such languages, at least with respect to the lexicon and perhaps also concerning derivational morphology. -
Věra Barandovská-Frank: Vicipaedia Latina
InterlinguistischeInterlinguistische InformationenInformationen Mitteilungsblatt der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V. Beiheft 19 Berlin, November 2012 ISSN 1432-3567 FachkommunikationFachkommunikation –– interlinguistischeinterlinguistische AspekteAspekte Beiträge der 21. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V.,, 18. – 20. November 2011 in Berlin Herausgegeben von Cyril Brosch und Sabine Fiedler Berlin 2012 Über die Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V. (GIL) Die GIL konzentriert ihre wissenschaftliche Arbeit vor allem auf Probleme der internationalen sprachlichen Kommunikation, der Plansprachenwissenschaft und der Esperantologie. Die Gesellschaft gibt das Bulletin ,,Interlinguistische Informationen“ (ISSN 1430-2888) heraus und informiert darin über die international und in Deutschland wichtigsten interlinguistischen/ esperantologischen Aktivitäten und Neuerscheinungen. Im Rahmen ihrer Jahreshauptversammlungen führt sie Fachveranstaltungen zu interlinguistischen Problemen durch und veröffentlicht die Akten und andere Materialien. Vorstand der GIL Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Sabine Fiedler stellv. Vorsitzender/Schatzmeister: PD Dr. Dr. Rudolf-Josef Fischer Mitglied: Dr. Cyril Brosch Mitglied: Dr. habil. Cornelia Mannewitz Mitglied: Prof. Dr. Velimir Piškorec Berlin 2012 Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V. (GIL) Prof. Dr. Sabine Fiedler (Vorsitzende) Universität Leipzig Institut für Anglistik Beethovenstr. 15, 04107 Leipzig [email protected] www.interlinguistik-gil.de © bei den Autoren der Beiträge -
Flags of Constructed Languages
Flags of Constructed Languages Patrice de La Condamine Abstract Since the dawn of humanity, humans have oscillated between the preservation of their own individuality and identity and their need to belong to a global community. The ideal of embracing and of researching the unification of its origins haunts their hearts. With this central to its spirit, constructed languages were developed, whether destined for secondary or international use, intended for vast cultural arenas or with strictly a philosophical use in mind. One will encounter well-known names such as Volapuk, Esperanto, Ido, Bolak, Interlingua, Occidental but also Glosa, Kotava, Lingua Franca Nova, and Atlango. Or even Folkspraat, Slovio, Norden, Afrihili, Slovianski, Hedsdel, etc. And we haven’t even mentioned the philosophical language Lojban. The most interesting aspect is establishing that all these languages have flags which translate the messages and the ideals of the groups in question. Interpreting the flags of constructed languages is essential for several reasons; firstly it allows us to understand that all these flags without exception, deliver the same message that the their existence isn’t necessarily linked to the simple notion of territory, and secondly, the flag is first and foremost, by means of its design and colours, a mental territory. After having shown and explained the different flags we will conclude with the presentation of the flag of Conlang, a language created by the United Nations of constructed languages. Folkspraak Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 159 FLAGS OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES Introduction For everyone present here for this 24th International Congress of Vexillology in Washington, it is not necessary to explain the vital need that one has to represent oneself through the use of emblems, and we all know the essential place which flags occupy in this role. -
UNESCO/IUBS/EUBIOS Bioethics Dictionary
UNESCO/IUBS/Eubios Living Bioethics Dictionary version 1.3 UNESCO/IUBS/EUBIOS Bioethics Dictionary THIS IS A LIVING DICTIONARY AND IT WELCOMES COMMENTS FROM ALL Editor-in-chief: Darryl R.J. Macer AUTHORS*: DM= Darryl R.J. Macer, Eubios Ethics Institute, New Zealand and Japan, and University of Tsukuba, Japan; IP=Irina Pollard, Macquarie University, Australia; MP= Morgan Pollard, Southern Cross University, Australia; JA= Jayapaul Azariah, All India Association of Bioethics, India; FL=Frank Leavitt, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; MR=Michael Reiss, Institute of Education, University of London, UK; AG = Avi Gold, Israel; GK=Genoveva Keyeux, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia; RW= Rick Weisburd, University of Tsukuba, Japan. Edition 1.3: Eubios Ethics Institute, 15 November 2003 We want global feedback on this draft of the dictionary, as a freely accessible on-line dictionary. It is accessible through the Internet site to download as a MS Word file from Eubios Ethics Institute web site: <http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/biodict.doc> Updates will be listed in a separate file with a list of undefined words. This is edition 1.3 and contains 600 more definitions to the 2002 edition. More of the following words will be defined, and further entries will be added. It is expected to then produce a hard copy, which will be distributed widely without profit. Please also note that the Dictionary is available on the EubiosCD, available from Eubios Ethics Institute, including 1500+ papers, reference materials and 19 books (US$200). Eubios Ethics Institute <http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/index.html> The suggested way to use the dictionary will be to download the file to your own computer.