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Touring the American Empire of Bases with the Marines

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Touring the American Empire of Bases with the Marines Volume 16 | Issue 22 | Number 4 | Article ID 5219 | Nov 15, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Touring the American empire of bases with the Marines Richard Tanter and US Marine Corps Introduction by Richard Tanter1 Johnson’s political volte face and pathbreaking analysis of a new form of global empire came In the decade after the end of the Cold War, out of his close involvement with Okinawan triumphalist U.S. public intellectuals, liberal resistance to one of the most enduring and and conservative alike, were trying on the oppressive ‘peacetime’ expressions of the mantle of ‘empire’ for size. For many at the American empire of bases. Seven decades after time, while ‘US imperialism’ denoted kneejerk the US military colonization of Okinawa began, leftism, ‘the American empire’ might just be an US bases still amount to more than one-fourth appropriate acknowledgement of achievement of the prefecture’s land area with the struggle on a global scale, an accolade about reality continuing over construction of a new Marine rather than a matter of opprobrium. base at Henoko. Such is the grotesque weight of American military occupation on Okinawan As the world knows, that hubris led to three society and the consequentdeeply–rooted catastrophic wars of choice and the destruction resistance that it is still not possible for even a of Afghanistan and Iraq and the deaths of lavishly funded Tokyo-backed conservative to hundreds of thousands or more. It also led to be elected governor of Okinawa without railing the American historian and political scientist, against the American bases. Chalmers Johnson, long-time Cold Warrior and doyen of US East Asian specialists, to astonish In Nemesis, Johnson summed up the argument his more complaisant professional colleagues of the second book: by publishing four extraordinary books between 2001 and his death in 2010 probing ‘The Sorrows of Empire was the reality of American empire, together called written during the American the Blowback series: preparations for and launching of the invasions and occupations of Blowback: The Costs and Afghanistan and Iraq. I began to Consequences of American Empire study our continuous military (2001) buildup since World War II and the 737 military bases we currently The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, maintain in other people's Secrecy, and the End of the countries. This empire of bases is Republic (2004) the concrete manifestation of our global hegemony, and many of the Nemesis: The Last Days of the blowback-inducing wars we have American Republic (2007) conducted had as their true purpose the sustaining and Dismantling the Empire: America's expanding of this network. We do Last Best Hope (2010) not think of these overseas 1 16 | 22 | 4 APJ | JF deployments as a form of empire; number might even be higher. in fact, most Americans do not give Nobody knows for sure.’ them any thought at all until something truly shocking, such as the treatment of prisoners at In 2018? We just do not know. On the one Guantanamo Bay, brings them to hand, budget sequestration, technological our attention. But the people living change, and base rationalisation programs may next door to these bases and have cut the number somewhat. On the other dealing with the swaggering hand, new wars in East, Central and West soldiers who brawl and sometimes Africa, Yemen and elsewhere and a rape their women certainly think of proliferation of special operations and drone them as imperial enclaves, just as bases have considerably increased the the people of ancient Iberia or numbers. ‘Rotational forces’ – regular nineteenth-century India knew that scheduled deployments of US forces in ‘host’ they were victims of foreign countries for part of the year on what the colonization.’ Pentagon calls ‘permanent rotation’ - also fudges the issue. Excellent researchers following on fromJust this month US Vice-President Mike Pence Johnson have raised the count of US overseas announced that the Lombrum Naval Base on military bases towell beyond 1,000 and Papua-New Guinea’s Manus Island is to be deepened our understanding of technology- expanded to become a ‘joint’ PNG-Australian- dense strategic islands (Ruth Oldenziel) such as United States base to counter an increased Diego Garcia (Vine’s Island of Shame) and the Chinese regional presence. The Vice-President rapidly proliferating ‘lilypads’ of notionally followed this up with a joint announcement that light-footprint ‘temporary’ or ‘rotational force’ the US, Japan, Australia and New Zealand bases in Africa and Asia of special forces or would fund the electrification of seventy drone deployments (Nick Turse). percent of Papua’s area in a move to counter Chinese aid programs. Counting bases is tricky. The Pentagon’s annual Base Structure Report is essentially a real estate listing of property acreage and dollar value of ‘sites’, and omits small or ‘low cost’ sites. Its listings of non-US sites include a great many in Japan, South Korea, and in Europe, but there are no listings at all for Afghanistan and Iraq. So, how many US bases are there outside the United States itself? In 2011, Turse took a stab: Source: Ben Packham, 'Move to head off ‘There are more than 1,000 U.S. China with Australian base in PNG', military bases dotting the globe. To be specific, the most accurate The Australian, 20 September 2018 count is 1,077. Unless it’s 1,088. Or, if you count differently, 1,169. Or even 1,180. Actually, the Yet, excellent and assiduous as these 2 16 | 22 | 4 APJ | JF researchers are, sometimes the best representation of Johnson’s argument about the American empire of bases comes from the words and images published by the United States military itself. Such a case is a series of media releases from the U.S. Marines a week or so ago, published in dozens of newspapers, websites, and television programs around the world to celebrate the 243rd birthday of the Marines. One version appeared onBusiness Insider India: ‘The US Marine Corps turns 243 today — Marines with 3rd Battalion, 11th Marine check out these awesome photos of the Devil Regiment, 1st Marine Division fire an Dogs in action’, with all words and images M777 Howitzer at known targets during supplied by the U.S. Marines. This version of training on August 9, 2018 at Mount the article showed marines in action around the Bundey Training Area in Australia. world today: in Syria, Afghanistan, Jordan, Bulgaria, Finland, Sweden, Thailand, Romania – and of course, in Australia. In reality, these amount to just a smidgeon of the 150-plus countries in which, as Nick Turse reported, US special forces – Marines, SEALS, rangers, and so on - operated just between 2011 and 2014. The publicity text shows that the Darwin-based Marine Rotational Force – itself a part of the Okinawan-based 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit amphibious assault group - has its European counterpart, seen below on exercise in Sweden, Bulgaria and Romania. These countries, with Australia and many others, are the compliant hosts to the American Marines fire an 81mm mortar during empire of bases. training in support of Operation Inherent Resolve in Hajin, Syria on August 4, 2018. ‘The US Marine Corps turns 243 today — check out these photos of the Devil Dogs in action’, [All photos supplied by US Marine Corps.] 3 16 | 22 | 4 APJ | JF A US Marine with Marine Rotational Force- Europe 18.1 shoots the Swedish Carl Gustaf M4 anti-tank recoilless rifle during Exercise Archipelago Endeavour with Swedish Marines of 1st Marine Regiment on the island of Uto, Harsfjarden, Sweden on Sept. 5, 2018. Marines with Black Sea Rotational Force 18.1 fire an 81mm mortar system during Exercise Platinum Eagle 18 at Babadag Training Area in Romania on Sept. 5, 2018. Hospital Corpsman Jacob Adam drinks cobra blood at jungle survival training during Exercise Cobra Gold 2018 at Camp Ban Chan Khrem in the Kingdom of Thailand on Feb. 17, 2018. US Marine firefighters and Royal Thai firefighters work together to put out a simulated aircraft fire during Exercise 4 16 | 22 | 4 APJ | JF Cobra Gold 2018. Stallion lifting off during a mission in Helmand province, Afghanistan on April 28, 2014. Staff Sgt. Nathaniel McDonald, the motor transport operations chief with Combat Logistics Battalion 3, prepares to spar Marines with Black Sea Rotational Force during the Marine Corps Martial Arts 18.1 advance to their objective during a Instructors Course’s culmination at Marine patrol exercise at U.S. Army Base Nova Corps Base Hawaii on September 27, 2018. Selo Forward Operating Site, Bulgaria. Marines with Maritime Raid Force, 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit swim under water during dive training in Aqaba, Jordan on July 8, 2018. Cpl. Daniel Hopping, Assaultman, Weapons Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment, and a native of Rogers, Arkansas, shields himself from dust being kicked up from a CH-53E Super Sea 5 16 | 22 | 4 APJ | JF Pfc. Vincent Fiore with Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment fires a Combat Engineers with the 13th Marine Light Anti-Armour Weapon (LAW) during Expeditionary Unit practice breaching Exercise Bougainville II at the Pohakuloa techniques during a live fire demolition Training Area on the Island of Hawaii on range at Theatre Amphibious Combat Oct. 20, 2018. Rehearsal (TACR) 18. US Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Rey White, an aviation boatswain’s mate handler with A US Marine with 3d Battalion, 7th Marine the Essex Amphibious Ready Group (ARG), Regiment, attached to Special Purpose launches an F-35B Lightning II with Marine Air-Ground Task Force, Crisis Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 211, 13th Response-Central Command, fires a Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), from shoulder-fired anti-tank missile at his the amphibious assault ship USS Essex target during a live-fire demonstration (LHD 2), before the F-35B’s first combat near At Tanf Garrison, Syria on Sept.
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