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Comparatives in Melanesia: Concentric Circles of Convergence Antoinette Schapper, Lourens De Vries
Comparatives in Melanesia: Concentric circles of convergence Antoinette Schapper, Lourens de Vries To cite this version: Antoinette Schapper, Lourens de Vries. Comparatives in Melanesia: Concentric circles of conver- gence. Linguistic Typology, De Gruyter, 2018, 22 (3), pp.437-494. 10.1515/lingty-2018-0015. halshs- 02931152 HAL Id: halshs-02931152 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02931152 Submitted on 4 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Linguistic Typology 2018; 22(3): 437–494 Antoinette Schapper and Lourens de Vries Comparatives in Melanesia: Concentric circles of convergence https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0015 Received May 02, 2018; revised July 26, 2018 Abstract: Using a sample of 116 languages, this article investigates the typology of comparative constructions and their distribution in Melanesia, one of the world’s least-understood linguistic areas. We present a rigorous definition of a comparative construction as a “comparative concept”, thereby excluding many constructions which have been considered functionally comparatives in Melanesia. Conjoined comparatives are shown to dominate at the core of the area on the island of New Guinea, while (monoclausal) exceed comparatives are found in the maritime regions around New Guinea. -
Abstract Assam Is a Multilinguistic State Where Various Tribes Speaking Different Languages to Different Languages Families Reside
Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN 2249-9598, Volume-09, Issue-02, Mar-Apr 2019 Issue Vowel Phonemes of Turung and Aiton language: A Contrastive Study Nabami Gogoi Assistant professor Department of Assamese Golaghat commerce college Golaghat, assam, India Abstract Assam is a multilinguistic state where various tribes speaking different languages to different languages families reside. The language of the Shymise-Chinese branch from Sino_ Tibetan group of language are known in Assam as the TAI language. The TURUNG and AITON living in Assam are Mongoloid and they belong to the TAI language family. The speakers of both TURUNG and AITON language are residing in many areas of Assam. The study of TURUNG and AITON language is very important because it is found only in spoken form. The new generation is not at all serious about their language. Moreover, though the Turung and Aiton belong to the same language family , there are many similarities and dissimilarities among them. So, this is an attempt to protect, to preserve and develop the TURUNG and AITON language and to highlight the similarities and dissimilarities. KEYWORDS: Turung, Aiton, Phoneme, Contrast, Preserve. INTRODUCTION : North-East India is comprised of eight states and they are Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Tripura. Among all eight states Assam is the biggest state by its area. North east is surrounded by China in the north, Bhutan in the west, Bangladesh in the east and Burma in the South. Assam is a multilingual and multi religious state where we found many languages and dialects to different language families. -
20 December 2002
MON ASH UNIVERSITY THESIS ACCEPTED IN SATISFACTION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ON. n . 20 December 2002 Research Graduate Sc'nool Committee Under the copyright Act 1968, this thesis must be used only under the normal conditions of scholarly fair dealing for the purposes of research, criticism or review. In particular no results or conclusions should be extracted from it, nor should it be copied or closely paraphrased in whole or in part without the written consent of the author. Proper written acknowledgement should be made for any assistance obtained from this thesis. ERRATA p 255 para 2, 3rd line. "Furthermore" for "Furthemore" p 257 para 2, 3rd line: "the Aitons" for "The Aitons" th p xiii para 5,4 line: "compiled" for "complied" p 269 para 1, 1* line: omit "see" nd p xvii para 1, 2 line: "other" for "othr" p 293 para 1, 3rd line: "not" for "nor" rd p xix para 8, 3 line: omit *ull stop after "the late" p 301 para 1, 4th line: "post-modify" for "post-modifier" rd p 5 para 5, 3 line: "bandh is often" for "bandh often" p 306 example (64), 6th line, "3PI" for "3Sg" th p 21 para 1, 4 line: "led" for "lead" p 324 footnote 61, 2nd line: "whether (76) is a case" for "whether (76) a nd p 29 footnote 21, 2 line: omit one "that" case" st p 34 para 2,1 line: substitute a comma for the full stop p 333 para 1, 3rd line: "as is" for "as does" st p 67 para 3,1 line: "contains" for "contain" p 334 para 1, last line: add final full stop p 71 last para, last line: "the" for "The" p 334 para 2, 1st line: "Example" for "Examples" -
An Ethnic Tribe of Assam
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY ISSN: 2456-6683 Volume - 1, Issue - 6, Aug - 2017 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAI-TURUNGS: AN ETHNIC TRIBE OF ASSAM GIRIMOLLIKA HAZARIKA M.PHIL SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY, DIBRUGARH, ASSAM, INDIA. Email - [email protected] Abstract: It is essential to have an estimate of the economic characteristics of a tribe for its development. The Tai-Buddhist population of Assam comprises of the Tai Khamtis, Tai Phakes, Tai Khamyangs, Tai Turungs and Tai-Aitons. Among these the Tai-Turung is a tribe which has remained neglected from the mainstream. This paper with the help of primary data collected by a multistage sampling technique aims to study the economic characteristics of the Tai-Turungs. The paper finds that their Monthly Per Capita Income (MPCI) and employment level is low, while the dependency ratio is high compared to the nation and the state figures. Key words: Economic Characteristics, Tai-Buddhist, Tai-Turungs, Monthly Per Capita Income, Multistage sampling, Dependency ratio, Employment level. 1. INTRODUCTION: ‘Tai’ is a generic term meaning ‘the free’ or ‘free men’ that represents a major branch of the Mongoloid population of mainland Southeast Asia. In India, the Tai people live in the North East. By the term ‘north-east’ we mean eight states of India viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. A major part of the ‘Tai’ people of Assam is the ‘Turung’ or ‘Tairung’.According to Gait, (2010) the advent of the Turung people into Assam is believed to have occurred along with General Newbill, following which they started living in Toklai, Jorhat. -
Language Death in the Context of Assam
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University ISSN: 1007-1172 Language Death in the Context of Assam Alina Saikia Research Scholar Dibrugarh University Abstract Assam is a multilingual state where various Aryan and Non-Aryan lingual families have been living. There is reciprocal influence between Assamese and other languages. The Non-Aryan lingual families usually belong to Sino-Tibetan, Austric, Dravidian etc. Most of the languages belong to these families have extincted from the scene. Assamese turns to be the mother tongue of the tribes whose language was died as they adopt Assamese as their second language. The imposition of Assamese culture and language brings uncertainty to the Non -Aryan languages. Unawareness of the people regarding language also contributes to it. The objective of the paper is to study the dead languages and its reasons in the context of Assam. Key words: Language, death, Assamese. Objective The main objective of the paper is to study the dead languages of Assam and also to bring the factors into light. Methodology Analytical method and survey has been used in this study. Scope Attempt is made to present a description of the reasons of the dead languages. The scope of the study is confined only to the languages of Assam. 1.0 Linguistic Situation of the languages of Assam. Dead language brings not only uncertainty to the tribe or community, but also impacts its respective state. No language can be alive without its study and expansion and many Volume 16, Issue 11, November - 2020 https://shjtdxxb-e.cn/ Page No: 99 Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University ISSN: 1007-1172 languages across the world died due to it. -
[Linguistics] the Typology of Property Words In
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The typology of property words in Oceanic languages van Lier, E. DOI 10.1515/ling-2017-0027 Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version Published in Linguistics License CC BY-NC-ND Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Lier, E. (2017). The typology of property words in Oceanic languages. Linguistics, 55(6), 1237-1280. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0027 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 Linguistics 2017; 55(6): 1237–1280 Eva van Lier* The typology of property words in Oceanic languages https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0027 Abstract: This paper describes the morphosyntactic behavior of different seman- tic types of property words in a balanced sample of 36 Oceanic languages. -
The Far West of Southeast Asia
The far West of Southeast Asia The far West of Southeast Asia - ‘give’ and ‘get’ in the languages of Myanmar Mathias Jenny, University of Zurich 1. Introduction Southeast Asia has been established as a linguistic areas at least since Henderson (1965) and has received a fair amount of interest by linguists, as can be seen in the regular appearance of publications devoted to the field. Despite the fact that there are a number of specific areal studies in Southeast Asian languages, general typological overviews of the area are still rare. Specific studies on Southeast Asia include Henderson (1965) on phonology and morphology, Matisoff (2004) on semantics, Clark (1989) on syntax, and Bisang (1992) and Enfield (2003) on grammaticalization paths of verbs. Paper-length general overviews of linguistic features of the languages of Southeast Asia are Comrie (2007) and Enfield (2005). One common trait of almost all studies of Southeast Asian languages is that they do not include the languages of Myanmar (Henderson 1965 being a rare exception here). This exclusion of the western fringes of Southeast Asia may be attributed to a number of reasons. On the practical side, most of the languages of present-day Myanmar are not (yet) well described, and field research in the area has been difficult or impossible for over 40 years. Also, the material that is available, especially on the Tibeto-Burman languages (apart from Karenic varieties) suggests a rather different typological profile from the one found further to the east. The general verb-final clause structure of the Tibeto-Burman langauges stands in contrast with the predominantly verb-medial structure of what can be called “core mainland Southeast Asia”, comprising languages belonging mainly to the Austroasiatic, Tai-Kadai, Hmong- Mien, and Austronesian families. -
The Loss of Proto-Tibeto-Burman Final Velars in Standard Jinghpaw
Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society JSEALS Vol. 11,1 (2018): 1-12 ISSN: 1836-6821, DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10524/52417 University of Hawaiʼi Press THE LOSS OF PROTO-TIBETO-BURMAN FINAL VELARS IN STANDARD JINGHPAW Keita Kurabe ILCAA, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies [email protected] Abstract The aim of this paper is two-fold: to show that the standard dialect of Jinghpaw has irregularly lost several final velars of Proto-Tibeto-Burman based on comparative evidence; and to attempt to show that the lost velars are reconstructable for an earlier stage based on both Standard Jinghpaw-internal and external evidence. Standard Jinghpaw has played an important role in Tibeto-Burman historical-comparative linguistics due to its phonological conservativeness. The loss of final velars is one notable exception, and recognizing this phenomenon enables us to identify and establish more cognate sets between Jinghpaw and closely related languages that provide a basis for a more robust reconstruction of proto-languages. The irregular loss of proto- final velars also provides some implications for the internal classification of Jinghpaw. Keywords: historical-comparative linguistics, sound change, velar deletion, Jinghpaw ISO 639-3 codes: kac, sgp, ckh, zkd 1 Introduction Jinghpaw (Jingpho) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in northern Burma and adjacent areas of China and India. It has played an important role in the reconstruction of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (PTB) due to its phonological conservativeness (Benedict 1972, Matisoff 2003, among others).1 The standard dialect of the language (SJ), spoken in the southern part of the distribution of the language, is one of the most well- described and documented dialects of the language. -
Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies. -
The Typology of Property Words in Oceanic Languages
Linguistics 2017; 55(6): 1237–1280 Eva van Lier* The typology of property words in Oceanic languages https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0027 Abstract: This paper describes the morphosyntactic behavior of different seman- tic types of property words in a balanced sample of 36 Oceanic languages. After a brief general introduction to the functional typology of property words, I first discuss diversity in Oceanic property word classes from a family-internal per- spective. In the second part of the paper, Oceanic property words are placed in a world-wide typological perspective. Specifically, I test their behavior with regard to two implicational universals proposed in the literature, concerning the rela- tion between the encoding of predicative property words, the presence of gram- matical tense, and locus of marking at the clause level. In typological studies, the Oceanic language family has been claimed to display verbal predicative property words, to lack tense, and to be head- or zero-marking, with marginal exceptions. This paper shows that, even though such an overall profile can be discerned, Oceanic property words exhibit more variation than is acknowledged in crosslinguistic research. Moreover, my findings for property word classes are fitted into a larger picture of lexical categorization in Oceanic languages. Keywords: Oceanic languages, property words, adjectives, tense, locus of marking 1 Introduction Property words exhibit a remarkable degree of variation in their morphosyn- tactic behavior, both within and across languages. This diversity fuels debates on the (non-)universality of adjectives: For instance, Ross ([1998a: 85], refer- ring to earlier work by; Sasse 1993; Dixon 1977) writes that “[w]e cannot even take it for granted that a language has the word classes ‘noun’ and ‘verb’. -
Tentative Program Schedule HLS23
TENTATIVE PROGRAM 23RD HIMALAYAN LANGUAGES SYMPOSIUM CENTRE FOR ENDANGERED LANGUAGES, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 5 – 7 JULY 2017 DAY I WEDNESDAY 5 JULY VENUE: COUNCIL HALL, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 09.00 - 10.00 Registration 10.00 - 11.00 INAUGURAL SESSION 10.00-10.15 Welcome Address by the Coordinator, 23rd HLS Organizing Committee 10.15-10.30 Introducing the theme of the Symposium 10.30-10.45 Inaugural Address by the Honourable Vice Chancellor, Tezpur University 10.45-10.50 Address by Dean, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tezpur University 10.50-11.05 Address by Prof. Van Driem 11.05-11.10 Vote of Thanks 11.10-11.30 Tea break 11.30-12.30 Keynote Address: Prof. George van Driem 12.30-01.30 SESSION- I Language and Linguistics Chair: K.V. Subbarao Venue: Council Hall 12.30-12.50 The Development and Implementation of a Writing System: Koĩc (Kiranti, Tibeto-Burman): Dorte Borcher 12.50-01.10 The Consequence of Code-Mixing the Adjective in NPs in Meiteilon-English: Tanmoy Bhattacharya 01.10-01.30 Raji: A Tibeto-Burman or Austro - Asiatic Language?: Kavita Rastogi 01.30-02.30 Lunch Break 02.30-03.30 Session II Venue: Department of EFL, HSS Building Acoustic Phonetics Syntax Ethnolinguistics Applied Linguistics Room No (to be announced) Room No (to be announced) Room No (to be announced) Room No (to be Chair: Temsunungsang T. Chair: Tanmoy Bhattacharya Chair: Hari Madhab Ray announced) Chair: Deepa Boruah 02.30-02.50 Acoustic analysis of the Nepali Tracing Burushaski through Tribal Development Boards and Influence of Assamese L2 plosives Case-marking -
Nomenclature Abbreviations
Abbreviations * As a prefix, indicates a proto language word /?/ glottal stop 2′ compound for 3 = 2 + 1 or rarely 1 + 1 + 1 but numeral for 4 2″ distinct numeral for 3 but 4 is a compound, usually 2 + 2, rarely 5 - 1 or 2 + 1 + 1 AN Austronesian languages BC or BCE Before Christ, that is before the Current Era taken as before the period of Christ BP Before the present CE or AD In the current era, that is after the year of the Lord (Domino/Dominum) Christ CSQ, MQ Counting System Questionnaire; Measurement Questionnaire d. dialect IMP Indigenous Mathematics Project Manus type Lean used this to refer to counting systems that used subtraction from 10 such as 7=10-3, 8=10-2, 9=10-1, often with the meaning e.g. for 7 as 3 needed to com- plete the group MC Micronesian Motu type Lean used this to refer to counting systems that used pairs such as 6=2x3, 7=2x3+1, 8=2x4, 9=2x4+1 NAN Non-Austronesian (also called Papuan) languages NCQ, CQN Noun, classifier, quantifier; classifier, quantifier, noun NQC, QCN Noun, quantifier, classifier; quantifier, classifier, noun NTM New Tribes Mission, PNG PAN Proto Austronesian PN Polynesian PNG Papua New Guinea POC Proto Oceanic QC, CQ Order of quantifier-classifier; classifier-quantifier respectively SHWNG South Halmahera West New Guinea (AN Non-Oceanic language of the Central- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, a subgroup of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian) after Tryon (2006) SIL Summer Institute of Linguistics SOV Order of words in a sentence: Subject Object Verb SVO Order of words in a sentence: Subject Verb Object TNG Trans New Guinea Phylum Nomenclature The Australian system of numbering is used.