DOCSLIB.ORG

Astrophysics Earth Science Total Missions / Spacecraft 2/16/10 Heliophysics 84 / 98 Planetary Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Astrophysics Earth Science Total Missions / Spacecraft 2/16/10 Heliophysics 84 / 98 Planetary Science NASA Science Mission Directorate Presentation to the Board of Physics & Astronomy Dr. Edward Weiler, Associate Administrator April 23, 2010 2 Upcoming Launches 3 Astrophysics Earth Science Total Missions / Spacecraft 2/16/10 Heliophysics 84 / 98 Planetary Science Formulation Implementation Primary Ops Extended Ops 12 / 12 15 / 18 19 / 19 38 / 49 JPL GSFC MSFC JPL GSFC DFRC ARC JPL GSFC MSFC LaRC JPL GSFC MSFC 2 7 3 6 8/12 1/0 1 8 7 2 1 12/15 24/32 2 SMAP ICESat-II LADEE NuSTAR JWST SOFIA(1/0) Kepler WISE Fermi MESSENGER CALIPSO GALEX HST Chandra Herschel Aura New Horizons Spitzer Suzaku Hinode OCO-2 IRIS NF-3 ST-7 LDCM Solar Orbiter Aquarius GPM Planck TWINS-A Cloudsat Integral Strofio Solar Probe + MSL Glory OSTM~ CINDI ACRIMsat RXTE GEMS JUNO NPP Rosetta TWINS-B GRACE (2) WMAP Astro H GRAIL SET-1 DAWN IBEX Jason-1 XMM MAVEN RBSP (2) EPOXI* SDO Voyager (2) SWIFT MMS (4) NExT* Mars Express Aqua Mars Odyssey SORCE MER (2) EO-1 Cassini Terra MRO TRMM In concept development/pre-formulation: SOFIA is a mission but does not add RHESSI SOHO Landsat 7~ spacecraft JDEM, SIM-Lite, LISA, Con-X, Mars 2016/ExoMars, THEMIS (5) Mars 2018, OPF, CLARREO, DESDynI, GRACE FO, TIMED TRACE Italics = US instruments on foreign mission SAGE III WIND ACE STEREO (2) X / Y = # of missions / # of spacecraft AIM * New missions for Deep Impact and Stardust, GEOTAIL respectively NOAA Reimbursable: Cluster-2 (4)4 ~ Operated by another agency GOES-R, Jason-3 (pre-formulation) GRACE DETECTS UNSUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER LOSS Water Storage Anomaly Drawdown by 31 km3 (= 1 Lake Mead) in 66 months Famiglietti et al., 2009 Observed trends in groundwater levels, October, 2003 – March, 2009 Loss of 109 km3 (3 Lake Meads) over 72 months Pattern of groundwater depletion in NW Rodell et al., 2009 India 5 Two Views of Crackling Sunspot Producing First M-class Flares of the New Solar Cycle STEREO SOHO Image on left from the STEREO Behind spacecraft shows flare in Image on left from SOHO spacecraft shows flare in progress from vantage progress from vantage point trailing Earth’s position by 70 degrees. point at L1 point (1.6 million kilometers from Earth on Sun-Earth line). Sunspot #1041 crackled with solar activity. In a few days, it produced five M-class flares. The ongoing sequence of flares signals a sharp upturn in solar activity. Before January 17, 2010, the last time the Sun produced even a single M-class solar flare was in March 2008--almost two years ago. M-class solar flares effect the Earth. Mainly, they boost the ionization of Earth's upper atmosphere and disturb the propagation of terrestrial radio signals. In this case, there was a greater than 2000 times increase over a quiet Sun. This flare also caused a geomagnetic event. 6 This sunspot emerged over the Sun's southeastern limb…Stay tuned…this is only the beginning! Martian Ice Found Just below the Surface 43.3° N 164.2° E • Fresh small impact craters show: • Ice layer ~0.5 – 1m below surface • Sublimates over 88 days several weeks • Spectral analysis 46.2° N 188.5° E shows ~99% pure water • Ice more extensive than expected from current climate 50 days • Mars had a wet history 7 35m Early Science Results from Kepler and WISE NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, has NASA's Kepler space telescope, designed to find Earth- captured its first look at the starry sky that it will soon begin size planets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars, has surveying in infrared light. discovered its first five new exoplanets, or planets beyond The infrared image was taken shortly after the space our solar system. The new exoplanets are named Kepler 4b, telescope's cover was removed, exposing the instrument's 5b, 6b, 7b and 8b. detectors to starlight for the first time. The picture shows The new exoplanets range in size from similar to Neptune about 3,000 stars in the Carina constellation. to larger than Jupiter, and are known as "hot Jupiters" Launched on Dec. 14, WISE will scan the entire sky for because of their high masses and extreme temperatures. millions of hidden objects, including asteroids, "failed" stars They have orbits ranging from 3.3 to 4.9 days. Estimated and powerful galaxies. WISE data will serve as navigation temperatures of the planets range from 2,200 to 3,000 charts for other missions, such as NASA's Hubble and degrees Fahrenheit, hotter than molten lava and much too Spitzer Space Telescopes, pointing them to the most hot for life as we know it. All five of the exoplanets orbit stars hotter and larger than Earth's sun. interesting targets the mission finds. The discoveries are based on approximately six weeks' worth of data collected since science operations began on8 May 12, 2009. The WISE Sky Survey is Underway WISE launched First Light Image in the 14 Dec 2009 constellation Carina 3.4, 4.6,12 & 22 microns WISE began its 9-month sky survey on 14 Jan 2010 M31 - stars 3.4 microns M31 - dust 12 and 22 microns Comet Siding Spring Previously unknown near-Earth Object Be 59 star forming region 9 9 10 12/18/09 – 100% Door Open Flight Test James Webb Space Telescope SMD FY11 Budget Strategy • Be responsive to the science community by supporting the priorities established in the NRC Decadal Surveys. • All missions should be chosen through Decadal Surveys or competitive peer review • Responsive to national priorities, such as OCO-2 • Per usual SMD practice, each Theme manages within its existing budget envelope, with the exception of minor near-term zero-sum trades (rephasing) to address pressing issues. • Projects in development are budgeted to a LCC reflecting a 70% cost confidence (CL) or, more conservatively, a joint-cost-and-schedule confidence (JCL) level. • SMD is actively refining the cost ranges for projects in formulation to improve budget estimates as these projects make their way through Phases A and B. 12 SMD Budget by Theme (RY $M) $6,000 $5,500 $5,000 Heliophysics $4,500 $4,000 Astrophysics $3,500 $3,000 $2,500 Planetary Science $2,000 $1,500 Earth Science $1,000 $500 $0 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 Change FY10-15 Science $4,903.1 $4,493.3 $5,005.6 $5,248.6 $5,509.6 $5,709.8 $5,814.0 $1,320.7 29% Heliophysics * $607.8 $627.4 $641.9 $647.6 $679.8 $704.4 $750.8 $123.4 20% Astrophysics $1,304.9 $1,103.9 $1,076.3 $1,109.3 $1,149.1 $1,158.7 $1,131.6 $27.7 3% Planetary Science $1,288.1 $1,341.3 $1,485.7 $1,547.2 $1,591.2 $1,630.1 $1,649.4 $308.1 23% Earth Science $1,702.3 $1,420.7 $1,801.7 $1,944.5 $2,089.5 $2,216.6 $2,282.2 $861.5 61% * includes future Astro Explorers 13 SMD Total Budget Trace ($M) FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY10 President's Budget 4903.0 4477.2 4747.4 4890.9 5069.0 5185.4 5256.1 OCO-2 171.0 91.0 51.0 13.0 4.0 Climate Initiative 150.0 309.0 449.0 587.0 646.0 Near Earth Object Observations 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 Reductions for Agency issues (CM&O, etc.) -35.1 -54.1 -71.1 -87.1 -103.4 IT Infrastructure: transfer without impact -3.3 -4.2 -4.3 -4.5 -4.7 CoF transfers -40.4 FY10 Appropriation (net of all changes) 16.1 FY11 President's Budget 4903.0 4493.3 5005.6 5248.6 5509.6 5709.8 5814.0 14 Astrophysics Program Content FY09 FY10 * FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY11 President's Budget 1,304.9 1,103.9 1,076.3 1,109.3 1,149.1 1,158.7 1,131.6 Astrophysics Research 136.0 147.7 156.1 178.1 188.4 194.6 199.6 Research and Analysis 60.0 60.0 60.2 64.7 65.8 67.4 69.1 Balloons 25.6 26.7 27.1 32.4 32.7 35.3 36.8 ADCAR / ADP / Senior Review / Admin 50.4 61.1 68.7 80.9 89.8 91.9 93.7 Cosmic Origins 850.0 686.3 687.7 669.4 667.5 640.5 599.2 James Webb Space Telescope 466.9 440.3 444.8 379.2 335.2 259.3 119.2 HST 203.1 112.6 102.7 104.5 99.8 98.0 98.6 SOFIA 77.4 72.8 79.6 80.1 79.2 81.1 81.3 Spitzer 61.7 27.1 22.6 14.0 0.3 SR&T 3.2 5.2 7.0 10.1 11.5 12.5 15.0 Herschel 17.2 23.0 24.5 24.0 20.8 15.8 5.8 Future Missions/Servicing/Management 20.5 5.3 6.5 57.6 120.8 174.0 279.3 Physics of the Cosmos 111.1 115.8 103.3 114.4 151.7 176.4 202.0 Fermi (GLAST) 13.2 22.2 22.7 25.9 25.5 25.1 25.1 Planck 6.4 8.9 8.1 6.5 6.5 3.0 0.8 Chandra / INTEGRAL / XMM 69.7 64.8 59.4 59.0 59.3 59.7 59.8 SR&T 2.8 4.3 5.6 9.8 11.7 13.0 15.0 JDEM 8.5 4.4 LISA, IXO, Future and Management 10.5 11.1 7.5 13.2 48.7 75.6 101.3 Exoplanet Exploration 72.1 46.2 42.5 54.1 83.0 93.8 117.6 Kepler 31.7 20.1 16.9 19.1 13.8 0.2 SIM 20.0 2.0 Keck/LBTI 3.7 5.3 4.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 SR&T 11.0 13.3 12.7 16.3 17.8 18.2 18.8 Future Missions/Management 5.7 5.6 8.8 15.5 48.0 72.0 95.4 Astrophysics Explorer 135.7 107.9 86.7 93.3 58.5 53.3 13.2 WISE 69.2 13.0 6.8 2.7 0.2 NuSTAR 38.7 59.9 32.1 10.8 6.2 Astro-H 6.4 10.9 12.5 7.0 7.4 12.6 11.1 GEMS 1.7 21.0 57.7 44.7 40.8 2.1 Operating Explorers 19.6 24.0 14.4 15.1 15 * FY10 Enacted Budget 15 Astrophysics Budget Changes FY10-14 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Total Changes from FY10 Budget -17.0 2.2 66.6 22.7 19.1 93.6 GEMS transfer from Helio 21.0 57.7 44.7 40.8 164.2 JWST 59.7 24.5 -0.5 -0.5 83.2 HST / SOFIA / Astro-H / WISE 9.5 19.1 13.9 17.6 60.1 Fermi / Chandra / Keck / Kepler -0.8 7.8 16.4 7.5 30.9 Future Missions / SR&T / Mgmt -10.4 -76.6 -54.1 -51.1 -47.6 -239.8 All other -6.6 -10.7 11.5 -0.6 1.4 -5.0 16 FY2011 Budget Request: Astrophysics • Fund missions in development phase, including JWST, SOFIA, NuSTAR, Astro-H, and GEMS • Reflect results of Senior Review for Operating Missions, scheduled for April 2010, in support of missions in extended science phase during FY2011 and beyond • Respond to decadal survey results, due to be released late-summer 2010 (technology investments and Future Mission lines) • Engage in strategic technology investments and portfolio roadmapping • Negotiate relevant interagency/international collaborations for future mission initiatives • Identify relevant mechanisms and schedule for selecting investigations based on decadal priorities 17 FY2011 Budget Request: Heliophysics • Enable a robust schedule of small, medium and flagship mission launches, funded to a 70% confidence level, to achieve the vision for heliophysics set forth in the 2003 NRC Decadal Survey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix 1: Venus Missions
    Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Van Allen Probes' Contribution to the Space Weather System
    L. J. Zanetti et al. The Van Allen Probes’ Contribution to the Space Weather System Lawrence J. Zanetti, Ramona L. Kessel, Barry H. Mauk, Aleksandr Y. Ukhorskiy, Nicola J. Fox, Robin J. Barnes, Michele Weiss, Thomas S. Sotirelis, and NourEddine Raouafi ABSTRACT The Van Allen Probes mission, formerly the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission, was renamed soon after launch to honor the late James Van Allen, who discovered Earth’s radiation belts at the beginning of the space age. While most of the science data are telemetered to the ground using a store-and-then-dump schedule, some of the space weather data are broadcast continu- ously when the Probes are not sending down the science data (approximately 90% of the time). This space weather data set is captured by contributed ground stations around the world (pres- ently Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Republic), automatically sent to the ground facility at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Phys- ics Laboratory, converted to scientific units, and published online in the form of digital data and plots—all within less than 15 minutes from the time that the data are accumulated onboard the Probes. The real-time Van Allen Probes space weather information is publicly accessible via the Van Allen Probes Gateway web interface. INTRODUCTION The overarching goal of the study of space weather ing radiation, were the impetus for implementing a space is to understand and address the issues caused by solar weather broadcast capability on NASA’s Van Allen disturbances and the effects of those issues on humans Probes’ twin pair of satellites, which were launched in and technological systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Jjmonl 1712.Pmd
    alactic Observer John J. McCarthy Observatory G Volume 10, No. 12 December 2017 Holiday Theme Park See page 19 for more information The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky Technical Support It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Bob Lambert has established itself as a significant educational and recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Barone Jim Johnstone Colin Campbell Carly KleinStern Dennis Cartolano Bob Lambert Route Mike Chiarella Roger Moore Jeff Chodak Parker Moreland, PhD Bill Cloutier Allan Ostergren Doug Delisle Marc Polansky Cecilia Detrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Louise Gagnon Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Paul Woodell Tina Hartzell Amy Ziffer In This Issue "OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT"............................... 3 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES ................................................ 18 SINUS IRIDUM ................................................................ 4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION/IRIDIUM SATELLITES ............. 18 EXTRAGALACTIC COSMIC RAYS ........................................ 5 SOLAR ACTIVITY ............................................................... 18 EQUATORIAL ICE ON MARS? ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNA Planetarium Newsletter Vol. 4. No. 2
    UNA Planetarium Image of the Month Newsletter Vol. 4. No. 2 Feb, 2012 I was asked by a student recently why NASA was being closed down. This came as a bit of a surprise but it is somewhat understandable. The retirement of the space shuttle fleet last year was the end of an era. The shuttle serviced the United States’ space program for more than twenty years and with no launcher yet ready to replace the shuttles it might appear as if NASA is done. This is in part due to poor long-term planning on the part of NASA. However, contrary to what This image was obtained by the Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. It shows some people think, the manned the small moon Dione with the limb of the planet in the background. Dione is spaceflight program at NASA is alive and about 1123km across and the spacecraft was about 57000km from the moon well. In fact NASA is currently taking when the image was taken. Dione, like many of Saturn’s moons is probably mainly applications for the next astronaut corps ice. The shadows of Saturn’s rings appear on the planet as the stripping you see to and will send spacefarers to the the left of Dione. The Image courtesy NASA. International Space Station to conduct research in orbit. They will ride on Russian rockets, but they will be American astronauts. The confusion over the fate of NASA also Astro Quote: “Across the exposes the fact that many of the Calendar for Feb/Mar 2012 important missions and projects NASA is sea of space, the stars involved in do not have the high public are other suns.” Feb 14 Planetarium Public Night profile 0f the Space Shuttles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Launch Vehicle Market Supply and the Effect on Future NASA Missions
    Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint Annual International Conference and Workshop - www.iceaaonline.com The Evolving Launch Vehicle Market Supply and the Effect on Future NASA Missions Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint International Conference & Workshop June 12-15, New Orleans, LA Bob Bitten, Debra Emmons, Claude Freaner 1 Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint Annual International Conference and Workshop - www.iceaaonline.com Abstract • The upcoming retirement of the Delta II family of launch vehicles leaves a performance gap between small expendable launch vehicles, such as the Pegasus and Taurus, and large vehicles, such as the Delta IV and Atlas V families • This performance gap may lead to a variety of progressions including – large satellites that utilize the full capability of the larger launch vehicles, – medium size satellites that would require dual manifesting on the larger vehicles or – smaller satellites missions that would require a large number of smaller launch vehicles • This paper offers some comparative costs of co-manifesting single- instrument missions on a Delta IV/Atlas V, versus placing several instruments on a larger bus and using a Delta IV/Atlas V, as well as considering smaller, single instrument missions launched on a Minotaur or Taurus • This paper presents the results of a parametric study investigating the cost- effectiveness of different alternatives and their effect on future NASA missions that fall into the Small Explorer (SMEX), Medium Explorer (MIDEX), Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP), Discovery,
    [Show full text]
  • P6.31 Long-Term Total Solar Irradiance (Tsi) Variability Trends: 1984-2004
    P6.31 LONG-TERM TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) VARIABILITY TRENDS: 1984-2004 Robert Benjamin Lee III∗ NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, Virginia Robert S. Wilson and Susan Thomas Science Application International Corporation (SAIC), Hampton, Virginia ABSTRACT additional long-term TSI variability component, 0.05 %, with a period longer than a decade. The incoming total solar irradiance (TSI), Analyses of the ERBS/ERBE data set do not typically referred to as the “solar constant,” is support the Wilson and Mordvinor analyses being studied to identify long-term TSI changes, approach because it used the Nimbus-7 data which may trigger global climate changes. The set which exhibited a significant ACR response TSI is normalized to the mean earth-sun shift of 0.7 Wm-2 (Lee et al,, 1995; Chapman et distance. Studies of spacecraft TSI data sets al., 1996). confirmed the existence of 0.1 %, long-term TSI variability component with a period of 10 years. In our current paper, analyses of the 1984- The component varied directly with solar 2004, ERBS/ERBE measurements, along with magnetic activity associated with recent 10-year the other spacecraft measurements, are sunspot cycles. The 0.1 % TSI variability presented as well as the shortcoming of the component is clearly present in the spacecraft ACRIM study. Long-term, incoming total solar data sets from the 1984-2004, Earth Radiation irradiance (TSI) measurement trends were Budget Experiment (ERBE) active cavity validated using proxy TSI values, derived from radiometer (ACR) solar monitor; 1978-1993, indices of solar magnetic activity. Typically, Nimbus-7 HF; 1980-1989, Solar Maximum three overlapping spacecraft data sets were Mission [SMM] ACRIM; 1991-2004, Upper used to validate long-term TSI variability trends.
    [Show full text]
  • Storm Time Equatorial Magnetospheric Ion Temperature Derived from TWINS ENA Flux
    Storm-time equatorial magnetospheric ion temperature derived from TWINS ENA flux R. M. Katus1,2,3, A. M. Keesee2, E. Scime2, M. W. and Liemohn3 1. Department of Mathematics, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA 2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVU, USA 3. Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Submitted to: Journal of Geophysical Research Corresponding author email: [email protected] AGU index terms: 2788 Magnetic storms and substorms (4305, 7954) 4305 Space weather (2101, 2788, 7900) 4318 Statistical analysis (1984, 1986) 7954 Magnetic storms (2788) 2467 Plasma temperature and density Keywords: Magnetosphere, Geomagnetic Storms, Ion Temperature, Plasma Sheet, Space Weather Key points: • We derive and statistically examine storm-time equatorial magnetospheric ion temperatures from TWINS ENA flux This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/2016JA023824 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. • The TWINS ion temperature data is validated using Geotail and LANL ion temperature data • For moderate to intense storms the widest (in MLT) peak in nightside ion temperature is found to exist near 12 RE This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract The plasma sheet plays an integral role in the transport of energy from the magnetotail to the ring current. We present a comprehensive study of the of equatorial magnetospheric ion temperatures derived from Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) measurements during moderate to intense (Dstpeak < -60 nT) storm times between 2009 and 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutation of Twins Encoding a Regulator of Protein Phosphatase 2A Leads to Pattern Duplication in Drosophila Imaginal Discs
    Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 28, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Mutation of twins encoding a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A leads to pattern duplication in Drosophila imaginal discs Tadashi Uemura, 1'3 Kensuke Shiomi, 1 Shin Togashi, 2 and Masatoshi Takeichi 1 1Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; ~Laboratory of Cell Biology, Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan The Drosophila gene twins was identified through a P-element-induced mutation that caused overgrowth in posterior regions of the wing imaginal disc. Analyses using position-specific markers showed that the inactivation of this locus induced the formation of extra wing blade anlagen in the posterior compartment of the disc. The duplication was mirror symmetrical, and the line of the symmetry did not correspond to any of the known compartment borders. We isolated the twins gene and found that it encoded one of the regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). These results suggest a novel aspect of physiological roles of protein dephosphorylation; that is, the control of PP2A activity is crucial for specification of tissue patterns. [Key Words: Drosophila imaginal discs; pattern duplication; protein phosphatase 2A] Received October 29, 1992; revised version accepted January 6, 1993. To elucidate how tissue-specific patterns generate from formation of adult structures. Many of the segment po- initially homogenous cell masses is one of the central larity genes belong to such a class. In imaginal discs, issues in developmental biology, and Drosophila imagi- particular segment polarity genes function for cells lo- hal discs have been providing attractive model systems cated in distinct spatial domains to acquire positional for such studies (for reviews, see Bryant 1978; Whittle identities.
    [Show full text]
  • EDITOR's in This Issue
    rvin bse g S O ys th t r e a m E THE EARTH OBSERVER May/June 2001 Vol. 13 No. 3 In this issue . EDITOR’S SCIENCE MEETINGS Joint Advanced Microwave Scanning Michael King Radiometer (AMSR) Science Team EOS Senior Project Scientist Meeting. 3 Clouds and The Earth’s Radiant Energy I’m pleased to announce that NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise is sponsoring System (CERES) Science Team Meeting a problem for the Odyssey of the Mind competitions during the 2001-2002 . 9 school year. It is a technical problem involving an original performance about environmental preservation. The competitions will involve about The ACRIMSAT/ACRIM3 Experiment — 450,000 students from kindergarten through college worldwide, and will Extending the Precision, Long-Term Total culminate in a World Finals next May in Boulder, CO where the “best of the Solar Irradiance Climate Database . .14 best” will compete for top awards in the international competitions. It is estimated that we reach 1.5 to 2 million students, parents, teachers/ SCIENCE ARTICLES administrators, coaches, etc. internationally through participation in this Summary of the International Workshop on LAI Product Validation. 18 program. An Introduction to the Federation of Earth The Odyssey of the Mind Program fosters creative thinking and problem- Science Information Partners . 19 solving skills among participating students from kindergarten through col- lege. Students solve problems in a variety of areas from building mechanical Tools and Systems for EOS Data . 23 devices such as spring-driven vehicles to giving their own interpretation of literary classics. Through solving problems, students learn lifelong skills Status and Plans for HDF-EOS, NASA’s such as working with others as a team, evaluating ideas, making decisions, Format for EOS Standard Products .
    [Show full text]
  • Budget of the United States Government
    FISCAL YEAR 2002 BUDGET BUDGET OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT THE BUDGET DOCUMENTS Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002 A Citizen's Guide to the Federal Budget, Budget of the contains the Budget Message of the President and information on United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002 provides general the President's 2002 proposals by budget function. information about the budget and the budget process. Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Govern- Budget System and Concepts, Fiscal Year 2002 contains an ment, Fiscal Year 2002 contains analyses that are designed to high- explanation of the system and concepts used to formulate the Presi- light specified subject areas or provide other significant presentations dent's budget proposals. of budget data that place the budget in perspective. The Analytical Perspectives volume includes economic and account- Budget Information for States, Fiscal Year 2002 is an Office ing analyses; information on Federal receipts and collections; analyses of Management and Budget (OMB) publication that provides proposed of Federal spending; detailed information on Federal borrowing and State-by-State obligations for the major Federal formula grant pro- debt; the Budget Enforcement Act preview report; current services grams to State and local governments. The allocations are based estimates; and other technical presentations. It also includes informa- on the proposals in the President's budget. The report is released tion on the budget system and concepts and a listing of the Federal after the budget. programs by agency and account. Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, AUTOMATED SOURCES OF BUDGET INFORMATION Fiscal Year 2002 provides data on budget receipts, outlays, sur- pluses or deficits, Federal debt, and Federal employment over an The information contained in these documents is available in extended time period, generally from 1940 or earlier to 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Science Acronyms
    Space Science Acronyms AA Auroral radio Absorption AACGM Altitude Adjusted Corrected GeoMagnetic ABI Auroral Boundary Index ACCENT Atmospheric Chemistry of Combustion Emissions Near the Tropopause ACE Advanced Composition Explorer ACF Auto Correlation Functions ACR Anomalous Cosmic Rays ADCS Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem ADEOS ADvanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan) ADEP ARTIST Data Editing and Printing ADMS Atmospheric Density Mass Spectrometer AE Atmosphere Explorer AE Auroral Electrojet index AEPI Atmospheric Emissions Photometric Imager AES Auger Electron Spectroscopy AEU Antenna Element Unit AFB Air Force Base AFGL Air Force Geophysical Laboratory AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFRL Air Force Research Lab AFSCN Air Force Satellite Control Network AFSPC Air Force SPace Command AFWA Air Force Weather Agency AGILE Astrorivelatore Gamma a Immagini Leggero AGU American Geophysical Union AGW Atmospheric Gravity Waves AI Asymmetry Index AIDA Arecibo Initiative in Dynamics of the Atmosphere AIM Aeronomy of Ices in the Mesosphere AKR Auroral Kilometric Radiation AL Auroral Electrojet Lower Limit Index ALF Absorption Limiting Frequency ALIS Airglow Limb Imaging System ALOMAR Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmospheric Research ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite ALSP Apollo Lunar Surface Probe ALTAIR ARPA Long-Range Tracking and Identification Radar AMBER African Meridian B-field Educational Research Array AMCSR Advanced Modular Coherent Scatter Radar AMI Aeronomic
    [Show full text]
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    9 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ross B. Garelick Bell American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics HIGHLIGHTS • The President’s Budget Request for NASA in FY 2014 is $17.7 billion, $1.3 billion above the estimated FY 2013 level and $84 million below the enacted FY 2012 level. • NASA’s FY 2013 appropriations suffered two across-the-board reductions, a 1.877% rescission in the FY 2013 Continuing Appropriations, P.L. 113-6, and the forced 5% sequester required by the Budget Control Act of 2011. The President’s Budget Request for FY 2014 does not account for the expected sequester required by the Budget Control Act of 2011 on FY 2014 appropriations. • The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Space Launch System, scheduled for their first combined test launch in 2018, with a target crew launch in 2021, are slightly reduced in funding the President’s FY 2014 Budget Request. • As of May 25, 2012, with Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) having successfully completing its resupply mission to the ISS, commercial cargo has officially begun operations. SpaceX again resupplied the ISS on March 3, 3013. On April 22, 2013, Orbital Sciences Corporation successfully launched its Antares rocket from NASA’s Wallops Launch Facility on the coast of Virginia, another important milestone in creating a commercial market for cargo to the ISS. Orbital anticipates launching both the Antares rocket and the Cygnus capsule in the fall of 2013, and SpaceX, The Boeing Company, Sierra Nevada Corporation, and unfunded Blue Origin are working toward commercial crew missions to the ISS, with launches to begin in 2017.
    [Show full text]