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NASA Science Mission Directorate Presentation to the Board of Physics & Astronomy Dr. Edward Weiler, Associate Administrator April 23, 2010 2 Upcoming Launches 3 Astrophysics Earth Science Total Missions / Spacecraft 2/16/10 Heliophysics 84 / 98 Planetary Science Formulation Implementation Primary Ops Extended Ops 12 / 12 15 / 18 19 / 19 38 / 49 JPL GSFC MSFC JPL GSFC DFRC ARC JPL GSFC MSFC LaRC JPL GSFC MSFC 2 7 3 6 8/12 1/0 1 8 7 2 1 12/15 24/32 2 SMAP ICESat-II LADEE NuSTAR JWST SOFIA(1/0) Kepler WISE Fermi MESSENGER CALIPSO GALEX HST Chandra Herschel Aura New Horizons Spitzer Suzaku Hinode OCO-2 IRIS NF-3 ST-7 LDCM Solar Orbiter Aquarius GPM Planck TWINS-A Cloudsat Integral Strofio Solar Probe + MSL Glory OSTM~ CINDI ACRIMsat RXTE GEMS JUNO NPP Rosetta TWINS-B GRACE (2) WMAP Astro H GRAIL SET-1 DAWN IBEX Jason-1 XMM MAVEN RBSP (2) EPOXI* SDO Voyager (2) SWIFT MMS (4) NExT* Mars Express Aqua Mars Odyssey SORCE MER (2) EO-1 Cassini Terra MRO TRMM In concept development/pre-formulation: SOFIA is a mission but does not add RHESSI SOHO Landsat 7~ spacecraft JDEM, SIM-Lite, LISA, Con-X, Mars 2016/ExoMars, THEMIS (5) Mars 2018, OPF, CLARREO, DESDynI, GRACE FO, TIMED TRACE Italics = US instruments on foreign mission SAGE III WIND ACE STEREO (2) X / Y = # of missions / # of spacecraft AIM * New missions for Deep Impact and Stardust, GEOTAIL respectively NOAA Reimbursable: Cluster-2 (4)4 ~ Operated by another agency GOES-R, Jason-3 (pre-formulation) GRACE DETECTS UNSUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER LOSS Water Storage Anomaly Drawdown by 31 km3 (= 1 Lake Mead) in 66 months Famiglietti et al., 2009 Observed trends in groundwater levels, October, 2003 – March, 2009 Loss of 109 km3 (3 Lake Meads) over 72 months Pattern of groundwater depletion in NW Rodell et al., 2009 India 5 Two Views of Crackling Sunspot Producing First M-class Flares of the New Solar Cycle STEREO SOHO Image on left from the STEREO Behind spacecraft shows flare in Image on left from SOHO spacecraft shows flare in progress from vantage progress from vantage point trailing Earth’s position by 70 degrees. point at L1 point (1.6 million kilometers from Earth on Sun-Earth line). Sunspot #1041 crackled with solar activity. In a few days, it produced five M-class flares. The ongoing sequence of flares signals a sharp upturn in solar activity. Before January 17, 2010, the last time the Sun produced even a single M-class solar flare was in March 2008--almost two years ago. M-class solar flares effect the Earth. Mainly, they boost the ionization of Earth's upper atmosphere and disturb the propagation of terrestrial radio signals. In this case, there was a greater than 2000 times increase over a quiet Sun. This flare also caused a geomagnetic event. 6 This sunspot emerged over the Sun's southeastern limb…Stay tuned…this is only the beginning! Martian Ice Found Just below the Surface 43.3° N 164.2° E • Fresh small impact craters show: • Ice layer ~0.5 – 1m below surface • Sublimates over 88 days several weeks • Spectral analysis 46.2° N 188.5° E shows ~99% pure water • Ice more extensive than expected from current climate 50 days • Mars had a wet history 7 35m Early Science Results from Kepler and WISE NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, has NASA's Kepler space telescope, designed to find Earth- captured its first look at the starry sky that it will soon begin size planets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars, has surveying in infrared light. discovered its first five new exoplanets, or planets beyond The infrared image was taken shortly after the space our solar system. The new exoplanets are named Kepler 4b, telescope's cover was removed, exposing the instrument's 5b, 6b, 7b and 8b. detectors to starlight for the first time. The picture shows The new exoplanets range in size from similar to Neptune about 3,000 stars in the Carina constellation. to larger than Jupiter, and are known as "hot Jupiters" Launched on Dec. 14, WISE will scan the entire sky for because of their high masses and extreme temperatures. millions of hidden objects, including asteroids, "failed" stars They have orbits ranging from 3.3 to 4.9 days. Estimated and powerful galaxies. WISE data will serve as navigation temperatures of the planets range from 2,200 to 3,000 charts for other missions, such as NASA's Hubble and degrees Fahrenheit, hotter than molten lava and much too Spitzer Space Telescopes, pointing them to the most hot for life as we know it. All five of the exoplanets orbit stars hotter and larger than Earth's sun. interesting targets the mission finds. The discoveries are based on approximately six weeks' worth of data collected since science operations began on8 May 12, 2009. The WISE Sky Survey is Underway WISE launched First Light Image in the 14 Dec 2009 constellation Carina 3.4, 4.6,12 & 22 microns WISE began its 9-month sky survey on 14 Jan 2010 M31 - stars 3.4 microns M31 - dust 12 and 22 microns Comet Siding Spring Previously unknown near-Earth Object Be 59 star forming region 9 9 10 12/18/09 – 100% Door Open Flight Test James Webb Space Telescope SMD FY11 Budget Strategy • Be responsive to the science community by supporting the priorities established in the NRC Decadal Surveys. • All missions should be chosen through Decadal Surveys or competitive peer review • Responsive to national priorities, such as OCO-2 • Per usual SMD practice, each Theme manages within its existing budget envelope, with the exception of minor near-term zero-sum trades (rephasing) to address pressing issues. • Projects in development are budgeted to a LCC reflecting a 70% cost confidence (CL) or, more conservatively, a joint-cost-and-schedule confidence (JCL) level. • SMD is actively refining the cost ranges for projects in formulation to improve budget estimates as these projects make their way through Phases A and B. 12 SMD Budget by Theme (RY $M) $6,000 $5,500 $5,000 Heliophysics $4,500 $4,000 Astrophysics $3,500 $3,000 $2,500 Planetary Science $2,000 $1,500 Earth Science $1,000 $500 $0 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 Change FY10-15 Science $4,903.1 $4,493.3 $5,005.6 $5,248.6 $5,509.6 $5,709.8 $5,814.0 $1,320.7 29% Heliophysics * $607.8 $627.4 $641.9 $647.6 $679.8 $704.4 $750.8 $123.4 20% Astrophysics $1,304.9 $1,103.9 $1,076.3 $1,109.3 $1,149.1 $1,158.7 $1,131.6 $27.7 3% Planetary Science $1,288.1 $1,341.3 $1,485.7 $1,547.2 $1,591.2 $1,630.1 $1,649.4 $308.1 23% Earth Science $1,702.3 $1,420.7 $1,801.7 $1,944.5 $2,089.5 $2,216.6 $2,282.2 $861.5 61% * includes future Astro Explorers 13 SMD Total Budget Trace ($M) FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY10 President's Budget 4903.0 4477.2 4747.4 4890.9 5069.0 5185.4 5256.1 OCO-2 171.0 91.0 51.0 13.0 4.0 Climate Initiative 150.0 309.0 449.0 587.0 646.0 Near Earth Object Observations 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 Reductions for Agency issues (CM&O, etc.) -35.1 -54.1 -71.1 -87.1 -103.4 IT Infrastructure: transfer without impact -3.3 -4.2 -4.3 -4.5 -4.7 CoF transfers -40.4 FY10 Appropriation (net of all changes) 16.1 FY11 President's Budget 4903.0 4493.3 5005.6 5248.6 5509.6 5709.8 5814.0 14 Astrophysics Program Content FY09 FY10 * FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY11 President's Budget 1,304.9 1,103.9 1,076.3 1,109.3 1,149.1 1,158.7 1,131.6 Astrophysics Research 136.0 147.7 156.1 178.1 188.4 194.6 199.6 Research and Analysis 60.0 60.0 60.2 64.7 65.8 67.4 69.1 Balloons 25.6 26.7 27.1 32.4 32.7 35.3 36.8 ADCAR / ADP / Senior Review / Admin 50.4 61.1 68.7 80.9 89.8 91.9 93.7 Cosmic Origins 850.0 686.3 687.7 669.4 667.5 640.5 599.2 James Webb Space Telescope 466.9 440.3 444.8 379.2 335.2 259.3 119.2 HST 203.1 112.6 102.7 104.5 99.8 98.0 98.6 SOFIA 77.4 72.8 79.6 80.1 79.2 81.1 81.3 Spitzer 61.7 27.1 22.6 14.0 0.3 SR&T 3.2 5.2 7.0 10.1 11.5 12.5 15.0 Herschel 17.2 23.0 24.5 24.0 20.8 15.8 5.8 Future Missions/Servicing/Management 20.5 5.3 6.5 57.6 120.8 174.0 279.3 Physics of the Cosmos 111.1 115.8 103.3 114.4 151.7 176.4 202.0 Fermi (GLAST) 13.2 22.2 22.7 25.9 25.5 25.1 25.1 Planck 6.4 8.9 8.1 6.5 6.5 3.0 0.8 Chandra / INTEGRAL / XMM 69.7 64.8 59.4 59.0 59.3 59.7 59.8 SR&T 2.8 4.3 5.6 9.8 11.7 13.0 15.0 JDEM 8.5 4.4 LISA, IXO, Future and Management 10.5 11.1 7.5 13.2 48.7 75.6 101.3 Exoplanet Exploration 72.1 46.2 42.5 54.1 83.0 93.8 117.6 Kepler 31.7 20.1 16.9 19.1 13.8 0.2 SIM 20.0 2.0 Keck/LBTI 3.7 5.3 4.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 SR&T 11.0 13.3 12.7 16.3 17.8 18.2 18.8 Future Missions/Management 5.7 5.6 8.8 15.5 48.0 72.0 95.4 Astrophysics Explorer 135.7 107.9 86.7 93.3 58.5 53.3 13.2 WISE 69.2 13.0 6.8 2.7 0.2 NuSTAR 38.7 59.9 32.1 10.8 6.2 Astro-H 6.4 10.9 12.5 7.0 7.4 12.6 11.1 GEMS 1.7 21.0 57.7 44.7 40.8 2.1 Operating Explorers 19.6 24.0 14.4 15.1 15 * FY10 Enacted Budget 15 Astrophysics Budget Changes FY10-14 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Total Changes from FY10 Budget -17.0 2.2 66.6 22.7 19.1 93.6 GEMS transfer from Helio 21.0 57.7 44.7 40.8 164.2 JWST 59.7 24.5 -0.5 -0.5 83.2 HST / SOFIA / Astro-H / WISE 9.5 19.1 13.9 17.6 60.1 Fermi / Chandra / Keck / Kepler -0.8 7.8 16.4 7.5 30.9 Future Missions / SR&T / Mgmt -10.4 -76.6 -54.1 -51.1 -47.6 -239.8 All other -6.6 -10.7 11.5 -0.6 1.4 -5.0 16 FY2011 Budget Request: Astrophysics • Fund missions in development phase, including JWST, SOFIA, NuSTAR, Astro-H, and GEMS • Reflect results of Senior Review for Operating Missions, scheduled for April 2010, in support of missions in extended science phase during FY2011 and beyond • Respond to decadal survey results, due to be released late-summer 2010 (technology investments and Future Mission lines) • Engage in strategic technology investments and portfolio roadmapping • Negotiate relevant interagency/international collaborations for future mission initiatives • Identify relevant mechanisms and schedule for selecting investigations based on decadal priorities 17 FY2011 Budget Request: Heliophysics • Enable a robust schedule of small, medium and flagship mission launches, funded to a 70% confidence level, to achieve the vision for heliophysics set forth in the 2003 NRC Decadal Survey.
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  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    9 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ross B. Garelick Bell American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics HIGHLIGHTS • The President’s Budget Request for NASA in FY 2014 is $17.7 billion, $1.3 billion above the estimated FY 2013 level and $84 million below the enacted FY 2012 level. • NASA’s FY 2013 appropriations suffered two across-the-board reductions, a 1.877% rescission in the FY 2013 Continuing Appropriations, P.L. 113-6, and the forced 5% sequester required by the Budget Control Act of 2011. The President’s Budget Request for FY 2014 does not account for the expected sequester required by the Budget Control Act of 2011 on FY 2014 appropriations. • The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Space Launch System, scheduled for their first combined test launch in 2018, with a target crew launch in 2021, are slightly reduced in funding the President’s FY 2014 Budget Request. • As of May 25, 2012, with Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) having successfully completing its resupply mission to the ISS, commercial cargo has officially begun operations. SpaceX again resupplied the ISS on March 3, 3013. On April 22, 2013, Orbital Sciences Corporation successfully launched its Antares rocket from NASA’s Wallops Launch Facility on the coast of Virginia, another important milestone in creating a commercial market for cargo to the ISS. Orbital anticipates launching both the Antares rocket and the Cygnus capsule in the fall of 2013, and SpaceX, The Boeing Company, Sierra Nevada Corporation, and unfunded Blue Origin are working toward commercial crew missions to the ISS, with launches to begin in 2017.