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GEO and GEOSS……
GEO - GEOSS Support of the CBD 2010 Targets CBD - SBSTTA Paris, 4 July 2007 Douglas Muchoney, GEO Secretariat © GEO Secretariat The Earth is a complex system of systems © GEO Secretariat Any Single Problem Requires Many Data Sets A Single Data Set Will Serve Many Communities © GEO Secretariat Solar Energy © GEO Secretariat GEOSS Implementation is a Non- binding, Voluntary Process • Relies on the Goodwill of Members and Participating Organizations • Efficient for Contribution of Components • Not a Funding Mechanism • GEO implements GEOSS © GEO Secretariat GEO Goal Improve and Coordinate Observation Systems Provide Easier & More Open Data Access Foster Use (Science, Applications, Capacity Bldg) … to answer Society’s need for informed decision making © GEO Secretariat GEOSS: A Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and Sustained System of Observing Systems © GEO Secretariat GEOSS will Address Nine Societal Benefit Areas 1. Reduction and Prevention of Disasters 2. Human Health and Epidemiology 3. Energy Management 4. Climate Variability & Change 5. Water Management 6. Weather Forecasting 7. Ecosystems 8. Agriculture 9. Biodiversity © GEO Secretariat GEOSS achievement through 5 Transverse Areas 1. Architecture 2. Data Management 3. User Engagement 4. Capacity Building 5. Outreach © GEO Secretariat Envisat SORCE Aura/Aqua/Terra Sage QuikScat IKONOS CBERS SeaWiFS SPOT 4, 5 SPIN-2 SeaWinds Orbview 2, 3 TRMM DMC ACRIMSAT EROS A1 ERBS Radarsat ALOS Toms-EP QuickBird Grace Landsat 7 Jason UARS Space Observation© GEO Secretariat Systems In Situ Observation Systems © GEO Secretariat GEO Societal Benefit Areas 1. Reduction and Prevention of Disasters 2. Human Health 3. Energy Management 4. Climate Change 5. Water Management 6. Weather Forecasting 7. Ecosystems 8. Agriculture 9. -
Jjmonl 1712.Pmd
alactic Observer John J. McCarthy Observatory G Volume 10, No. 12 December 2017 Holiday Theme Park See page 19 for more information The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky Technical Support It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Bob Lambert has established itself as a significant educational and recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Barone Jim Johnstone Colin Campbell Carly KleinStern Dennis Cartolano Bob Lambert Route Mike Chiarella Roger Moore Jeff Chodak Parker Moreland, PhD Bill Cloutier Allan Ostergren Doug Delisle Marc Polansky Cecilia Detrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Louise Gagnon Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Paul Woodell Tina Hartzell Amy Ziffer In This Issue "OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT"............................... 3 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES ................................................ 18 SINUS IRIDUM ................................................................ 4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION/IRIDIUM SATELLITES ............. 18 EXTRAGALACTIC COSMIC RAYS ........................................ 5 SOLAR ACTIVITY ............................................................... 18 EQUATORIAL ICE ON MARS? ........................................... -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
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Envisat SORCE Aura/Aqua/Terra Sage QuikScat IKONOS CBERS SeaWiFS SPOT 4, 5 GEO-GLAM SPIN-2 SeaWinds GLOBAL AGRICULTURALOrbview 2, 3 MONITORINGTRMM DMC ACRIMSAT EROS A1 ERBS Radarsat Jai Singh PariharALOS for the GEOGLAM group and GEO Agriculture CommunityToms-EP of Practice QuickBird Grace Landsat 7 Jason UARS © GEO Secretariat Cereal grain production per hectare (Source: SAGE, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc., USA) 5th GEOSS-Asia Pacific Symposium, Tokyo, April 2-4, 2012 1. The GEO-GLAM Initiative : Objectives To reinforce the international community’s capacity to produce and disseminate relevant, timely and accurate forecasts of agricultural production at national, regional and global scales. Envisat SORCE Aura/Aqua/Terra Sage QuikScat IKONOS CBERS SeaWiFS SPOT 4, 5 SPIN-2 SeaWinds Orbview 2, 3 TRMM DMC ACRIMSAT EROS A1 ERBS Radarsat ALOS Toms-EP QuickBird Grace Landsat 7 Jason UARS © GEO Secretariat Agronomy Earth Observation Agro-economy Cultivated area / crop type area Meteorology Cereal grain production per hectare (Source: SAGE, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc., USA) Crop yield forecast 2 1. The GEO-GLAM Initiative : Background (G20 2011) 3 1. The GEO-GLAM Initiative : Background (G20 2011) G20 Final Declaration (Nov. 2011) 44. We commit to improve market information and transparency in order to make international markets for agricultural commodities more effective. To that end, we launched: • The "Agricultural Market Information System" (AMIS) in Rome on September 15, 2011, to improve information on markets ...; • The "Global Agricultural Geo-monitoring Initiative" (GEOGLAM) in Geneva on September 22-23, 2011, to coordinate satellite monitoring observation systems … to enhance crop production projections ... 4 2. -
UNA Planetarium Newsletter Vol. 4. No. 2
UNA Planetarium Image of the Month Newsletter Vol. 4. No. 2 Feb, 2012 I was asked by a student recently why NASA was being closed down. This came as a bit of a surprise but it is somewhat understandable. The retirement of the space shuttle fleet last year was the end of an era. The shuttle serviced the United States’ space program for more than twenty years and with no launcher yet ready to replace the shuttles it might appear as if NASA is done. This is in part due to poor long-term planning on the part of NASA. However, contrary to what This image was obtained by the Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. It shows some people think, the manned the small moon Dione with the limb of the planet in the background. Dione is spaceflight program at NASA is alive and about 1123km across and the spacecraft was about 57000km from the moon well. In fact NASA is currently taking when the image was taken. Dione, like many of Saturn’s moons is probably mainly applications for the next astronaut corps ice. The shadows of Saturn’s rings appear on the planet as the stripping you see to and will send spacefarers to the the left of Dione. The Image courtesy NASA. International Space Station to conduct research in orbit. They will ride on Russian rockets, but they will be American astronauts. The confusion over the fate of NASA also Astro Quote: “Across the exposes the fact that many of the Calendar for Feb/Mar 2012 important missions and projects NASA is sea of space, the stars involved in do not have the high public are other suns.” Feb 14 Planetarium Public Night profile 0f the Space Shuttles. -
The Evolving Launch Vehicle Market Supply and the Effect on Future NASA Missions
Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint Annual International Conference and Workshop - www.iceaaonline.com The Evolving Launch Vehicle Market Supply and the Effect on Future NASA Missions Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint International Conference & Workshop June 12-15, New Orleans, LA Bob Bitten, Debra Emmons, Claude Freaner 1 Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint Annual International Conference and Workshop - www.iceaaonline.com Abstract • The upcoming retirement of the Delta II family of launch vehicles leaves a performance gap between small expendable launch vehicles, such as the Pegasus and Taurus, and large vehicles, such as the Delta IV and Atlas V families • This performance gap may lead to a variety of progressions including – large satellites that utilize the full capability of the larger launch vehicles, – medium size satellites that would require dual manifesting on the larger vehicles or – smaller satellites missions that would require a large number of smaller launch vehicles • This paper offers some comparative costs of co-manifesting single- instrument missions on a Delta IV/Atlas V, versus placing several instruments on a larger bus and using a Delta IV/Atlas V, as well as considering smaller, single instrument missions launched on a Minotaur or Taurus • This paper presents the results of a parametric study investigating the cost- effectiveness of different alternatives and their effect on future NASA missions that fall into the Small Explorer (SMEX), Medium Explorer (MIDEX), Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP), Discovery, -
P6.31 Long-Term Total Solar Irradiance (Tsi) Variability Trends: 1984-2004
P6.31 LONG-TERM TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE (TSI) VARIABILITY TRENDS: 1984-2004 Robert Benjamin Lee III∗ NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, Virginia Robert S. Wilson and Susan Thomas Science Application International Corporation (SAIC), Hampton, Virginia ABSTRACT additional long-term TSI variability component, 0.05 %, with a period longer than a decade. The incoming total solar irradiance (TSI), Analyses of the ERBS/ERBE data set do not typically referred to as the “solar constant,” is support the Wilson and Mordvinor analyses being studied to identify long-term TSI changes, approach because it used the Nimbus-7 data which may trigger global climate changes. The set which exhibited a significant ACR response TSI is normalized to the mean earth-sun shift of 0.7 Wm-2 (Lee et al,, 1995; Chapman et distance. Studies of spacecraft TSI data sets al., 1996). confirmed the existence of 0.1 %, long-term TSI variability component with a period of 10 years. In our current paper, analyses of the 1984- The component varied directly with solar 2004, ERBS/ERBE measurements, along with magnetic activity associated with recent 10-year the other spacecraft measurements, are sunspot cycles. The 0.1 % TSI variability presented as well as the shortcoming of the component is clearly present in the spacecraft ACRIM study. Long-term, incoming total solar data sets from the 1984-2004, Earth Radiation irradiance (TSI) measurement trends were Budget Experiment (ERBE) active cavity validated using proxy TSI values, derived from radiometer (ACR) solar monitor; 1978-1993, indices of solar magnetic activity. Typically, Nimbus-7 HF; 1980-1989, Solar Maximum three overlapping spacecraft data sets were Mission [SMM] ACRIM; 1991-2004, Upper used to validate long-term TSI variability trends. -
Precision Optics and Assemblies
PRECISION OPTICS AND ASSEMBLIES Image: NASA Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) High-performance, reliable optics for ground and space-based observation Dazzling details of Earth and insights into the mysteries of the universe BENEFITS have one thing in common — L3Harris precision optics. High-perfor- > Meet the most demanding mance optical components and assemblies have been integral to the requirements for spatial world’s most sophisticated ground- and space-based telescopes and frequency, mounting and satellites for more than 50 years. application-specific needs > Provide end-to-end capabilities with cost-effective fabrication SPECIALIZING IN CUSTOM, L3Harris provides solutions for high- LARGE-SCALE OPTICS performance systems, including: > Create surface finish to less than two-nanometer root mean > Ground- and space-based telescopes L3Harris provides optomechanical design, square (RMS) on glass and glass optical fabrication, test and assembly > Solid and lightweight optics for ceramic materials capabilities for precision optics solutions autocollimating systems and systems. The company manufactures > Lightweight fast-steering mirrors large optical components, including lightweight and solid mirrors in most > High-energy laser optics geometric shapes, to meet low surface > Optical test systems microroughness and tight surface figure error specifications. This experience, > Relay mirrors along with a rigorous metrology and > Observation and vacuum testing program and state-of-the-art compatible viewing windows in-house facilities, -
Platforms & Sensors
PLATFORMS & SENSORS Platform: the vehicle carrying the remote sensing device Sensor: the remote sensing device recording wavelengths of energy e.g. Aerial photography - the plane and the camera Satellite image example: Platform: Landsat (1, 5, 7 etc..) Sensor: Multispectral Sensor (MSS) or Thematic Mapper (TM) Selected satellite remote sensing systems NASA Visible Earth: long list Wim Bakker's website http://members.home.nl/wim.h.bakker http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=52174 1. Satellite orbits “Sun-synchronous” “Geostationary” Land monitoring Weather satellites ~ 700 km altitude ~ 30,000 km altitude Satellite orbits Geostationary / geosynchronous : 36,000 km above the equator, stays vertically above the same spot, rotates with earth - weather images, e.g. GOES (Geostat. Operational Env. Satellite) Sun-synchronous satellites: 700-900 km altitude, rotates at circa 81-82 degree angle to equator: captures imagery approx the same time each day (10am +/- 30 minutes) - Landsat path: earthnow Sun-synchronous Graphic: http://ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/resource/tutor/datarecept/c1p2_e.php 700-900 km altitude rotates at ~ 81-82 ° angle to the equator (near polar): captures imagery the same time each day (10.30am +/- 30 minutes) - for earth mapping Orbit every 90-100 minutes produces similar daytime lighting Geostationary satellites capture a (rectangular) scene, sun-synchronous satellites capture a continuous swath, … which is broken into rectangular scenes. 2. Scanner types Whiskbroom (mirror/ cross-track): a small number of sensitive diodes for each band sweep perpendicular to the path or swath, centred directly under the platform, i.e. at 'nadir' e.g. LANDSAT MSS /TM Pushbroom (along-track): an array of diodes (one for each column of pixels) is 'pointed' in a selected direction, nadir or off-nadir, on request, usually 0-30 degrees (max.), e.g. -
Budget of the United States Government
FISCAL YEAR 2002 BUDGET BUDGET OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT THE BUDGET DOCUMENTS Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002 A Citizen's Guide to the Federal Budget, Budget of the contains the Budget Message of the President and information on United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002 provides general the President's 2002 proposals by budget function. information about the budget and the budget process. Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Govern- Budget System and Concepts, Fiscal Year 2002 contains an ment, Fiscal Year 2002 contains analyses that are designed to high- explanation of the system and concepts used to formulate the Presi- light specified subject areas or provide other significant presentations dent's budget proposals. of budget data that place the budget in perspective. The Analytical Perspectives volume includes economic and account- Budget Information for States, Fiscal Year 2002 is an Office ing analyses; information on Federal receipts and collections; analyses of Management and Budget (OMB) publication that provides proposed of Federal spending; detailed information on Federal borrowing and State-by-State obligations for the major Federal formula grant pro- debt; the Budget Enforcement Act preview report; current services grams to State and local governments. The allocations are based estimates; and other technical presentations. It also includes informa- on the proposals in the President's budget. The report is released tion on the budget system and concepts and a listing of the Federal after the budget. programs by agency and account. Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, AUTOMATED SOURCES OF BUDGET INFORMATION Fiscal Year 2002 provides data on budget receipts, outlays, sur- pluses or deficits, Federal debt, and Federal employment over an The information contained in these documents is available in extended time period, generally from 1940 or earlier to 2006. -
List of Satellite Missions (By Year and Sponsoring
Launch Year EO Satellite Mission (and sponsoring agency) 2008 CARTOSAT-2A (ISRO) 1967 Diademe 1&2 (CNES) 2008 FY-3A (NSMC-CMA / NRSCC) 1975 STARLETTE (CNES) 2008 OSTM (Jason-2) (NASA / NOAA / CNES / EUMETSAT) 1976 LAGEOS-1 (NASA / ASI) 2008 RapidEye (DLR) 1992 LAGEOS-2 (ASI / NASA) 2008 HJ-1A (CRESDA / CAST) 1993 SCD-1 (INPE) 2008 HJ-1B (CRESDA / CAST) 1993 STELLA (CNES) 2008 THEOS (GISTDA) 1997 DMSP F-14 (NOAA / USAF) 2008 COSMO-SkyMed 3 (ASI / MoD (Italy)) 1997 Meteosat-7 (EUMETSAT / ESA) 2008 FY-2E (NSMC-CMA / NRSCC) 1997 TRMM (NASA / JAXA) 2009 GOSAT (JAXA / MOE (Japan) / NIES (Japan)) 1998 NOAA-15 (NOAA) 2009 NOAA-19 (NOAA) 1998 SCD-2 (INPE) 2009 RISAT-2 (ISRO) 1999 Landsat 7 (USGS / NASA) 2009 GOES-14 (NOAA) 1999 QuikSCAT (NASA) 2009 UK-DMC2 (UKSA) 1999 Ikonos-2 2009 Deimos-1 1999 Ørsted (Oersted) (DNSC / CNES) 2009 Meteor-M N1 (ROSHYDROMET / ROSKOSMOS) 1999 DMSP F-15 (NOAA / USAF) 2009 OCEANSAT-2 (ISRO) 1999 Terra (NASA / METI / CSA) 2009 DMSP F-18 (NOAA / USAF) 1999 ACRIMSAT (NASA) 2009 SMOS (ESA / CDTI / CNES) 2000 NMP EO-1 (NASA) 2010 GOES-15 (NOAA) 2001 Odin (SNSB / TEKES / CNES / CSA) 2010 CryoSat-2 (ESA) 2001 QuickBird-2 2010 TanDEM-X (DLR) 2001 PROBA (ESA) 2010 COMS (KARI) 2002 GRACE (NASA / DLR) 2010 AISSat-1 (NSC) 2002 Aqua (NASA / JAXA / INPE) 2010 CARTOSAT-2B (ISRO) 2002 SPOT-5 (CNES) 2010 FY-3B (NSMC-CMA / NRSCC) 2002 Meteosat-8 (EUMETSAT / ESA) 2010 COSMO-SkyMed 4 (ASI / MoD (Italy)) 2002 KALPANA-1 (ISRO) 2011 Elektro-L N1 (ROSKOSMOS / ROSHYDROMET) 2003 CORIOLIS (DoD (USA)) 2011 RESOURCESAT-2 (ISRO) 2003 SORCE (NASA) -
Trends in Space Commerce
Foreword from the Secretary of Commerce As the United States seeks opportunities to expand our economy, commercial use of space resources continues to increase in importance. The use of space as a platform for increasing the benefits of our technological evolution continues to increase in a way that profoundly affects us all. Whether we use these resources to synchronize communications networks, to improve agriculture through precision farming assisted by imagery and positioning data from satellites, or to receive entertainment from direct-to-home satellite transmissions, commercial space is an increasingly large and important part of our economy and our information infrastructure. Once dominated by government investment, commercial interests play an increasing role in the space industry. As the voice of industry within the U.S. Government, the Department of Commerce plays a critical role in commercial space. Through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Commerce licenses the operation of commercial remote sensing satellites. Through the International Trade Administration, the Department of Commerce seeks to improve U.S. industrial exports in the global space market. Through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the Department of Commerce assists in the coordination of the radio spectrum used by satellites. And, through the Technology Administration's Office of Space Commercialization, the Department of Commerce plays a central role in the management of the Global Positioning System and advocates the views of industry within U.S. Government policy making processes. I am pleased to commend for your review the Office of Space Commercialization's most recent publication, Trends in Space Commerce. The report presents a snapshot of U.S.