DOCSLIB.ORG

Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries Technical Annual Report 2000/01

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries Technical Annual Report 2000/01 NORTHERN TERRITORY DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES TECHNICAL ANNUAL REPORT 2000/01 Technical Bulletin No. 295 $11.00 (GST included) ISSN 0158-2763 Technical Annual Report 2000/01 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PASTORAL 3 PROGRAM: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 3 SUBPROGRAM: PASTURE DEVELOPMENT 3 SUBPROGRAM: IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT 11 SUBPROGRAM: COTTON INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT 20 SUBPROGRAM: AGROFORESTRY 29 SUBPROGRAM: LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT 33 SUBPROGRAM: FARMING SYSTEMS 37 PROGRAM: MEAT AND LIVESTOCK 53 BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING 53 SUBPROGRAM: MEETING MARKET SPECIFICATIONS 53 SUBPROGRAM: IMPROVING BREEDER HERD EFFICIENCY 56 ANIMAL HEALTH 71 SUBPROGRAM: LIVESTOCK MARKET ACCESS 71 SUBPROGRAM: TB FREEDOM ASSURANCE PROGRAM (TBFAP) 90 PROGRAM: BERRIMAH VETERINARY LABORATORY 92 SUBPROGRAM: DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY 94 SUBPROGRAM: VIROLOGY 97 HORTICULTURE 101 PROGRAM: VEGETABLE INDUSTRY 101 SUBPROGRAM: ASIAN VEGETABLES 101 SUBPROGRAM: VEGETABLES 118 SUBPROGRAM: BAMBOO 121 PROGRAM: FRUIT INDUSTRY 123 SUBPROGRAM: MANGO 123 SUBPROGRAM: BANANA 139 SUBPROGRAM: CITRUS 140 SUBPROGRAM: TABLE GRAPES 155 SUBPROGRAM: NEW CROPS 166 SUBPROGRAM: MINOR CROPS 174 PROGRAM: ORNAMENTAL INDUSTRY 181 Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries SUBPROGRAM: NURSERY 181 SUBPROGRAM: CUT FLOWERS 183 RESOURCE PROTECTION 191 PROGRAM: RESOURCE PROTECTION 191 SUBPROGRAM: PLANT PATHOLOGY 191 SUBPROGRAM: ENTOMOLOGY 204 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 233 PROGRAM: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 233 SUBPROGRAM: WEEDS MANAGEMENT 233 SUBPROGRAM: SUSTAINABLE RANGELAND MANAGEMENT 247 FISHERIES 265 PROGRAM: AQUATIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 265 SUBPROGRAM: COASTAL AND ESTUARINE FISHERIES 265 SUBPROGRAM: OFFSHORE MARINE FISHERIES 278 SUBPROGRAM: AQUATIC PEST MANAGEMENT 285 PROGRAM: AQUACULTURE 292 SUBPROGRAM: CRUSTACEA 292 SUBPROGRAM: FINFISH 294 SUBPROGRAM: AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICES 296 PUBLICATIONS, CONFERENCE PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS 297 Technical Annual Report 2000/01 INTRODUCTION The primary industry and fisheries sectors in the Northern Territory are growing significantly and contribute substantially to the local economy. They also provide employment and investment opportunities to many Territorians. The Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries promotes the continued sustainable development, productivity and profitability of these sectors by providing useful and timely professional advice to stakeholders on a variety of problems that may constrain their progress. Such advice is based on results of locally conducted scientific research and development projects by departmental staff in collaboration with stakeholders, often on their properties. This Technical Annual Report presents a summary of those projects and the results for 2000/2001. To support the primary industry sectors, officers of the Department conduct research in such areas as pastures, cattle and other livestock production, animal diseases, crops, fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, weeds, rangeland management and pests and diseases of economically important plants. The fisheries sector benefits from research conducted to provide long term assessments of wild stocks in Territory waters to help set guidelines for the appropriate level of harvest of the various species in order to maintain a sustainable resource base. Aquaculture research aims to improve the commercial production of molluscs, crustacea. and finfish on aquaculture farms. The pastoral sector had an excellent season in 2000/2001. There was good pasture and crop production in the Top End and excellent pasture production in all other parts of the Territory. Cattle prices reached record levels as a result of a high demand both in the domestic and overseas markets. Prices for young cattle exceeded $2.00 per kilogram liveweight. The gross value of pastoral production for 2000/2001 was about $190 million. Live exports continued to recover after the slump of 1998 and are improving almost back to the peak of 1997. Indonesia continues to be our major customer. Trade with the Middle East is growing satisfactorily and there are good prospects for the future. However, prospects for growth in the Philippines market have been disappointing. There was continued interest in commercial production of peanuts in the Territory. The Peanut Company of Australia is about to be established. There was also an increasing interest in the market for locally produced sesame. There was continued growth in horticulture in 2000 with the gross value of production estimated at $91.7 million, an increase of about 9% over the 1999 figure of $84 million. At an estimated value of $70.8 million, fruits contributed 77.2% of the total value of horticulture, followed by vegetables at $10.8 million or 11.8% and ornamentals at $10 million or 11%. The gross value of the fruit sector increased by only 3.4% from $68.5 million in 1999 to $70.8 million in 2000. This reflected an increase of 4.5% in production from 23,579 tonnes to 24,641 tonnes. The most significant increases in terms of both production and value were in table grapes and rambutans. The gross value of mangoes decreased by 2.2% from $36.4 million in 1999 to $35.6 million in 2000, while production increased by 1.7% from 11,749 tonnes to 11,952 tonnes. The value of table grapes increased by 24.1% from $14.5 million in 1999 to $18 million in 2000 and production increased by 25% from 2,400 tonnes to 3,000 tonnes. The value of bananas decreased by 0.1% from $13.1 million in 1999 to $13.0 million in 2000 while production increased by 16.2% from 6,466 tonnes to 7,515 tonnes. The trend in vegetable production has been variable with opportunistic cropping of a range of Asian vegetables. For example, okra production increased by 48.3% from 600 tonnes in 1999 to 890 tonnes in 2000. Other significant vegetable crops maintained their values. Overall the value of vegetables increased by 20.3% from $9 million in 1999 to $10.8 million in 2000 but production decreased by 2.6% from 4,321 tonnes to 4,207 tonnes. Investment in aquaculture continued to increase and the flow from it is expected to continue in 2001/2002. The value of aquaculture production in 2000/2001 was about $60 million compared with $58 million in 1999/2000. The recreation and tour operator sectors contributed about $50 million over the same period compared with $40 million the previous year. The fishing tour operator sector is growing steadily at around 20% annually. A more realistic value of recreational fishing will be available in late 2001 with the completion of a national survey. Wild stock fisheries have grown rapidly in the last two years at around 20% annually. 1 Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries The 2000/2001 value of wild stock commercial fisheries was $35 million, compared with $27 million in 1999/2000. The prawn catch was lower for 2000, valued at $61 million compared with $68 million in 1999. 2 Technical Annual Report 2000/01 PASTORAL PROGRAM: Agricultural Development SUBPROGRAM: Pasture Development Objective: Expand the industry base through increased areas of pasture and expansion of industry skills and experience in managing pastures. Outcomes: An expanded industry through increased pasture production. Continued support of forage research and demonstration programs aimed at increasing hay supply to the emerging forage cube industry. Overview - 2000/01 The 2000/2001 Wet season opened with a frontal system which brought rain to most of the Top End in October. This was followed by a dry spell which lasted until late November. The rainfall for the Wet season was about average. The mid Wet season in the Darwin District turned out to be a dry period punctuated by short, intense monsoonal periods and isolated storms. The intense monsoonal periods compensated for the intervening dry spells. While March rainfall was good, there were few significant storms or rainfall events in the Darwin area after the end of March. Light, isolated showers continued through until mid May. The light showers kept pastures green until mid May, but the upland pastures dried out quickly when the rain stopped. Overall, the Wet season was below average for upland pastures. As the floodplains did not dry out completely in the previous Dry season, water tables were high at the start of the Wet season. The floodplains generally flooded early and remained wet through until early June. Access to the floodplain by stock was four weeks later than usual. Demand for extension/information on pastures and seeds continued at record levels during the year, similar to the previous year. 3 Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries PROJECT: Increase of Early Generation Seed of Released Pasture Cultivars Project Officers: B. Ross, G. Hore and A. Cameron Location: Paddocks 8 and 9 Berrimah Farm Objective: • To evaluate new lines in a confined non-grazed environment. • To bulk up seed from promising lines for further evaluation. • To bulk up early generation seed of pasture cultivars released in the NT. Project Period: 2001-2006 Method: Intensively managed small areas of perennial cultivars are maintained in Paddocks 8 and 9. Seed is harvested as required to maintain fresh early generation seed. Annual species are grown so seed is harvested as required. Results: No seed was harvested in 2000/01. Weeds were controlled on the Arnhem pre-basic seed area. This cultivar appears susceptible to weed invasion between tussocks. PROJECT: Assessment of Newly Released Australian Pasture Cultivars under NT Conditions Project Officers: B. Ross and G. Hore Location: Berrimah Farm (2000) Objective: To determine if forage cultivars
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Management Zones of Australia
    Conservation Management Zones of Australia Mitchell Grasslands Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice. Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia. Image Credits Front Cover: Lawn Hill National Park – Peter Lik Page 4: Kowaris (Dasyuroides byrnei) – Leong Lim Page 10: Oriental Pratincole (Glareola maldivarum) – JJ Harrison Page 16: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh) – World Heritage Listed site – Colin Totterdell Page 18: Mitchell Grasslands
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Pauropsylla Cf
    2018 ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA 58(1): 137–141 MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE doi: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0011 ISSN 1804-6487 (online) – 0374-1036 (print) www.aemnp.eu SHORT COMMUNICATION A new species of Synopeas (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitizing Pauropsylla cf. depressa (Psylloidea: Triozidae) in India Kamalanathan VEENAKUMARI1,*), Peter Neerup BUHL2) & Prashanth MOHANRAJ1) 1) National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, Hebbal, 560024 Bangalore, India; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2) Troldhøjvej 3, DK-3310 Ølsted, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected] *) corresponding author Accepted: Abstract. Synopeas pauropsyllae Veenakumari & Buhl, sp. nov., a new species of Synopeas 23rd April 2018 Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Platygastridae: Platygastrinae), is recorded from Published online: galls induced by Pauropsylla cf. depressa Crawford, 1912 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae) 29th May 2018 on Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae) in India. It is concluded that S. pauropsyllae is a pa- rasitoid of this psyllid species. This is the fi rst record of a platygastrid parasitizing this host. Key words. Hymenoptera, parasitoid wasp, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, psyllid, taxonomy, gall, host plant, Ficus, India, Oriental Region Zoobank: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5D64E6E7-2F4C-4B40-821F-CBF20E864D7D © 2018 The Authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Licence. Introduction inducing plant galls are mostly scale insects, aphids and With more than 5700 species and 264 genera, Platy- psyllids. Among psyllids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: gastroidea is the third largest superfamily in the parasitic Psylloidea), several families are known to induce galls; Hymenoptera after Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea gall-making species are particularly numerous in Triozidae, (AUSTIN et al.
    [Show full text]
  • BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (Takım Düzeyinde)
    BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (TAKIM DÜZEYİNDE) GÖKHAN AYDIN 2016 Editör : Gökhan AYDIN Dizgi : Ziya ÖNCÜ ISBN : 978-605-87432-3-6 Böceklerin Sınıflandırılması isimli eğitim amaçlı hazırlanan bilgisayar programı için lütfen aşağıda verilen linki tıklayarak programı ücretsiz olarak bilgisayarınıza yükleyin. http://atabeymyo.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/76/files/siniflama-05102016.exe Eğitim Amaçlı Bilgisayar Programı ISBN: 978-605-87432-2-9 İçindekiler İçindekiler i Önsöz vi 1. Protura - Coneheads 1 1.1 Özellikleri 1 1.2 Ekonomik Önemi 2 1.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 2 2. Collembola - Springtails 3 2.1 Özellikleri 3 2.2 Ekonomik Önemi 4 2.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 4 3. Thysanura - Silverfish 6 3.1 Özellikleri 6 3.2 Ekonomik Önemi 7 3.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 7 4. Microcoryphia - Bristletails 8 4.1 Özellikleri 8 4.2 Ekonomik Önemi 9 5. Diplura 10 5.1 Özellikleri 10 5.2 Ekonomik Önemi 10 5.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 11 6. Plocoptera – Stoneflies 12 6.1 Özellikleri 12 6.2 Ekonomik Önemi 12 6.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 13 7. Embioptera - webspinners 14 7.1 Özellikleri 15 7.2 Ekonomik Önemi 15 7.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 15 8. Orthoptera–Grasshoppers, Crickets 16 8.1 Özellikleri 16 8.2 Ekonomik Önemi 16 8.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 17 i 9. Phasmida - Walkingsticks 20 9.1 Özellikleri 20 9.2 Ekonomik Önemi 21 9.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 21 10. Dermaptera - Earwigs 23 10.1 Özellikleri 23 10.2 Ekonomik Önemi 24 10.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 24 11. Zoraptera 25 11.1 Özellikleri 25 11.2 Ekonomik Önemi 25 11.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 26 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Ballistic® Elite Insecticide
    POISON KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING Ballistic® Elite Insecticide ACTIVE CONSTITUENT: 27.5 g/L DELTAMETHRIN SOLVENT: 811 g/L HYDROCARBON LIQUID GROUP 3A INSECTICIDE For the control of Heliothis (Helicoverpa spp.) and other specified pests on cotton and various other crops as specified in the Directions for Use table Formulation type Emulsifiable Concentrate EC adama.com CONTENTS: 20 L, 110 L, 200 L, 1000 L, 20,000 L DIRECTIONS FOR USE CROP PEST STATE RATE WHP CRITICAL COMMENTS Berry Vegetables: Native Budworm All States 50 mL/100 L 1 day Apply as thorough spray. Use sufficient water to Cape Goose (Heliothis, ensure adequate penetration and coverage. Repeat Berries, Helicoverpa spp.) sprays at 7 - 14 day intervals, depending upon pest Rosella incidence. Cereals Native Budworm, 500 mL/ha 7 days Apply at first sign of infestation, before larvae are Corn Earworm 5 mm, for best results. (Heliothis) Southern and Apply when larvae numbers exceed threshold. Common Armyworm Webworm 200 mL/ha Pre-seeding: BALLISTIC® ELITE may be tank mixed (Hednota pedionoma) with knockdown herbicides and applied prior to seeding. Apply once larvae have emerged, i.e. from last week in May onwards. Closely graze pasture prior to application. To ensure good penetration, use high water volume, i.e. 100 L/ha. DO NOT apply on dense pasture. Post crop emergence: Inspect crop regularly from seeding onwards, and spray at first sign of damage. Check with local Department of Agriculture adviser for further details. Cutworms NSW only Check emerging and establishing crops in the (Agrotis spp.) late afternoon or evening for caterpillars crawling on the soil surface and feeding on the seedlings.
    [Show full text]
  • View the PDF File of the Tachinid Times, Issue 8
    The Tachinid Times ISSUE 8 February 1995 Jim O'Hara, editor Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Biological Resources Division Centre for Land & Biological Resources Research C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 This issue marks the eighth year of The Tachinid Basic methodology: A team of (currently 9) Costa Rican Times. It is the largest issue so far, with the largest paraecologists range throughout all habitats night and mailing list as well (90). I hope you find this issue of day searching opportunistically and directedly for Lepid- interest. To keep this newsletter going, remember to optera larvae. These habitats are "wild", though they contribute some news from time to time. As usual, the represent the earliest stages of succession to virtually next issue will be distributed next February. undisturbed forest. When a caterpillar is found it is placed in a plastic bag with its presumed food (normally The Caterpillars and their Parasitoids of a Tropical this is the plant on which it was found). If it feeds, it is Dry Forest (by D.H. Janzen) then given a unique voucher number (e.g., 94-SRNP- Project name: The caterpillars and their parasitoids of 7857; this would be the 7857th caterpillar recorded in a tropical dry forest, Guanacaste Conservation Area, 1994; SRNP stands for Santa Rosa National Park, which northwestern Costa Rica. is today the Santa Rosa Sector of the GCA). That vou- Project goal: To determine the host-plant specificity of cher number is written on the plastic bag. The collection the entire set of macro caterpillars (and miners where information is recorded in field notebooks by the feasible) for the tropical dry forest in the Guanacaste collectors, and this information is later computer- Conservation Area in northwestern Costa Rica (0-300 m captured into a Filemaker Pro 2.0 flatfile database (de- elevation, six month dry season, total annual rainfall tails available on request).
    [Show full text]
  • Complaints Handling Polict
    Agnote No: E46 December 2005 Some Important Forage Plants of the Alice Springs District C. Allan, Pastoral Production, Alice Springs The Alice Springs district extends from the South Australian border north to Tennant Creek and east-west from the Queensland border to the Western Australian border. The area occupied by pastoral properties covers some 300,000 km2. This Agnote describes some of the important forage plants in this region. An associated Agnote "Rangeland Pastures of the Alice Springs District" (G4) describes the major plant communities of the region. Plants growing in the Alice Springs district can be considered in three broad categories: • Woody plants (trees and shrubs). These species browsed by cattle are called topfeed. • Grasses (both annual and perennial species). • Herbage (also called forbs). TREES AND SHRUBS Specific information on the description/recognition, nutritive value and grazing management of topfeeds can be found in the booklet "Fodder Trees and Shrubs of the Northern Territory" (copies available from Technical Publications, Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines). Some of the important trees and shrubs are: Mulga (Acacia aneura) - useful topfeed on better soil types. Easily killed by fire. Hot fires followed by wet years promote re-establishment. Also increases in wet years in the absence of fire. Witchetty bush (Acacia kempeana) - useful topfeed. Re-sprouts after burning. Can increase in wet years on country north of Alice Springs. Rabbits have impacted on its regeneration on much of the calcareous country south of Alice Springs. Ironwood (Acacia estrophiolata) (not to be confused with the poisonous type in the Top End) useful topfeed when accessible to cattle.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2002
    BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SA Inc. NEWSLETTER No. 12: December 2002 Inside this issue: The earliest known information on butterflies from South Austra- lia below comes from Elsie Ahrens of Leabrook who has kindly • Behr Translation (cont. translated the information for us. on pages 4 and 6) Reference: Behr, Hans Hermann. 1845. In Correspondenz. Brief aus • Annual Report Bethanien in Sud-Australien. Stettin. ent. Ztg 6: 210-211. (ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWSPAPER published by the Entomological Society • at Stettun Sixth Annual. Stettin 1845) Excursion to Glenshera Swamp CP CORRESPONDENCE • Financial Statement A letter from my friend Dr Behr, who since last autumn has stayed in South • Australia principally for the sake of natural scientific goals. It contains the Tim’s Gazebo following report, which outlines his lepidopterous progress up to that point. • Diary Notes (Letter from ) Bethany 1, 17 November 1844. • New Members My entomological observations until now are restricted to a little. In regard to butterflies, in spite of the winter lasting until a few weeks ago, partly through my own, partly through the entomological observations of my friend Mr. Wil- son, I have now come to the following conclusion; that the poorest country in VISIT TIM’S Europe, with the exception of the Polar areas offers a greater variety of Papili- GAZEBO oniden. 23rd March, 2003 2.00pm On going through the main classes, I did not expect to find here Argynnen 2 and Melitaeen 2 and am satisfied to have found no trace, but the genera 19 Clifford Street, Euploea 3, Danais 3 and Acraea 4 could well have some representatives.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Do Pesticide Residues Have Enduring Negative Effect on Macroinvertebrates and Vertebrates in Fallow Rice Paddies?
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.06.451252; this version posted July 6, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Do pesticide residues have enduring negative effect on macroinvertebrates and vertebrates in fallow rice paddies? Jheng-Sin Song, Chi-Chien Kuo* Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan *Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.06.451252; this version posted July 6, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Abstract 2 Rice is one of the most important staple food in the world, with irrigated rice paddies 3 largely converted from natural wetlands. The effectiveness of rice fields in help preserve 4 species depends partially on management practices, including the usage of pesticides. 5 However, related studies have focused predominately on the cultivation period, leaving the 6 effects of soil pesticide residues on aquatic invertebrates during the fallow periods little 7 explored; other animals, such as waterbirds, also rely on aquatic invertebrates in flooded 8 fallow fields for their survival. We therefore investigated vertebrates and macroinvertebrates 9 (terrestrial and aquatic) on rice stands and in flooded water during cultivation and fallow 10 periods in organic and conventional rice fields in Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • LYGAEOIDEA La Superfamila Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) Es Una De Las Mayores Y Más Diver- Sas, Con Más De 4000 Especies, De Heteroptera
    | 421 Resumen LYGAEOIDEA La superfamila Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) es una de las mayores y más diver- sas, con más de 4000 especies, de Heteroptera. Los hábitats de las especies del grupo son variados, hay grupos arbóreos, geófilos y laminófilos. La mayoría se alimentan de semillas maduras, aunque las Blissidae y algunas Lygaeidae son succionadoras de savia, los Geocoridae son principalmente depredadoras y las Cle- radini (Rhyparochromidae) se alimentan de sangre de vertebrados. Las ninfas viven en los mismos hábitats que los adultos y se alimentan generalmente de las mismas plantas. Actualmente en los Lygaeoidea se reconocen 15 familias, de las cuales 12 han sido registradas de la región Neotropical y 11 de la Argentina: Berytidae, Blissidae, Colobathristidae, Cymidae, Geocoridae, Lygaeidae, Ninidae, Oxycarenidae, Pachygronthidae, Piesmatidae y Rhyparochromidae. Se presenta una breve historia taxonómica, aspectos filogenéticos y de la clasificación actual de la superfamilia, bibliografía de referencia y una clave para la identificación de las familias de la Argentina. Para cada familia se presenta una diagnosis, principales trabajos, aspectos de la bio- logía y la diversidad a nivel mundial y en la Argentina, así como claves para la determinación de los géneros presentes en el pais. Además, se reseña la importancia agroeconómica del grupo. Se adjunta un listado de las 154 especies citadas de Argentina. Pablo Matías DELLAPÉ Abstract The superfamily Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Pentatomomorpha) is one of the most diverse within the Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Heteroptera, with more than 4000 species described. [email protected] The Lygaeoid habitats are diverse; there are arboreal, geophile and laminophile species.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 ^ '~£L Jp % I-Il- R J
    '~£l ^ jP % ' C i-il- r j ^ - 4 ^V z% b<W- ?^ Is J) $& r^s V? Return to LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY WOODS HOLE, MASS. Loaned by American Museum of Natural History )^ ^AJlAAAu THE CANADIAN LIBRARY ENTOMOLOGIST. fee. ^K VOLUME III. m& WITIX FORTY ILLUSTRATION'S. (gbiteb bij the llicb. <£. J. £. Methane, itt. 1., Head Master of Trinity College School, Port Hope, Ont. ISBIST£D i:\ J. M, W. B. Ont. ; and SAUNDERB, London, Ont. ; E. REED, Bari-istei'-at-Law, London, DENTON, London, Ont, LONDON : PRINTED BY THE FREE PRESS STEAM PRINTING COMPANY. RICHMOND S'l I 87 r -5 rr LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME. BETHUNE, REV. C. J. S., The Editor Port Hope, Ont. B< >WLES, G. J Quebec. CHAMBERS, V. T Covington, Rv. ( :OU PER, WM Montreal, P. Q. ]). ! )ODGE, C. R Washington, C, U. S. )I I M M( )CK, GEO Springfield, Mass., U. S. t EDWARDS, W. H Coalburgh, W . Va., U. S. GROTE, AUG. R Demopolis, Ala, U. S. JONES, J. MATTHEW Halifax, Nova Scotia. PARKER. H. W Amherst, Mass., U. S. PETTIT, J Grimsby, Ont. REED, E. B.j Assistant Editor London, Ont. RILEY, C. V ST. Louis, Mo., U. S. SAUNDERS, WM., Assistant Editor London, Ont. SPRAGUE, P. S Boston, Mass., U. S. THOMAS, C Washington, D. C, U.S. WALKER, FRANCIS London, England. V < J ( ) X S T I T XT T I() N OP INCORPORATED 1871. SECTION I.— (OBJECTS AND MEMBERSHIP.) " 1. The Society shall be called The Entomological Society of Ontario/' and is instituted for the investigation of the character and habits of insects, the improve- ment and advancement of Entomological Science, and more especially its practical bearing on the Agricultural and Horticultural interests of the Province.
    [Show full text]