EU Hydrogen Road Tour Report on the locations, events, participants and results
Status: Final Date: 03 December 2012
Author: Ulrich Bünger, Sofia Capito, Martin Svensson
This project is co-financed by European funds from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking under FCH-JU-2008-1 Grant Agreement Number 245101
The project partners would like to thank the EU for establishing the Fuel cells and hydrogen framework and or supporting this activity.
Disclaimer
This document is the result of the collaborative work of the H2moves Scandinavia partners. The results of the EU Hydrogen Road Tour were subsequently elaborated and are presented here in a coherent manner, which involved extensive stakeholder involvement. The findings presented in this document were reviewed by the H2mS project partners to ensure broad general agreement with its principal findings and perspectives. However, while a commendable level of consensus has been achieved, this does not mean that every consulted stakeholder necessarily endorses or agrees with every finding in the document. The producer of this document is the sole responsible for its content and interpretations.
Title: EU Hydrogen Road Tour Report on the locations, events, participants and results
Project: H2mS
Report Status: Final
Report Date: December 2012
Road Tour Coordination: Svensson, Martin Hydrogen Sweden
Report: Ulrich Bünger LBST Sofia Capito LBST Martin Svensson Hydrogen Sweden
Contact: Ulrich Bünger, LBST ([email protected])
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1 Introduction The European Hydrogen Road Tour 2012 is part of a project called H2moves Scandinavia. The project is the first European Lighthouse Project for hydrogen, funded by the European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking programme, launched by the European Commission and European industry. Main focus of the joint undertaking is to increase the impact of industrial level activities in Europe in this field and to address three major European policy targets: • Energy diversity • Mitigation of greenhouse gases • Increase the share of renewable energies
Major car manufacturers have devoted a significant amount of resources towards developing hydrogen powered Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) that will be mass produced from 2015. That is why we take cars from four companies – Daimler, Honda, Hyundai and Toyota – along the European Hydrogen Road Tour 2012. In many of the cities we visit it is the first time the general public has an opportunity to test drive these cars with only water coming out of the exhaust. A fuel cell is a device which can be used to efficiently transform the hydrogen’s chemical energy into electricity and heat. Even better, the only emission is pure water. The efficiency of a fuel cell car is double as high as the one of a conventional gasoline vehicle, which compensates for loss of energy when producing hydrogen. FCEVs are on a par with today’s cars but with much less noise and emissions. Provided the energy in the hydrogen production is renewable, the environmental impact is – compared to conventional internal combustion engine cars – near zero. Our ambition is to accelerate the growth of hydrogen infrastructure so the FCEVs you can see here today, will be seen everywhere tomorrow.
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2 Road Tour Staff
To organise a road tour across Europe is a challenging task, specifically when new technologies are involved and complex vehicle and refuelling logistics need to seamlessly fit to each other. A single person or institution would have been overchallenged. Therefore the project team comprised three basic entities: • Hydrogen Sweden (Martin Svensson, Christine Apelgren): Overall coordination, networking with local partners, printed material, hotline, coordination of team, ride&drive preparation and facilitation, organisation of hotels, etc. • Daimler (Teresa Fickler): Coordination of automobile partners, solving technical refuelling station issues, vehicle transport logistics • LBST (Ulrich Bünger, Jan Zerhusen, Sofia Capito): Organisation and moderation of panel discussions and workshops, H2mS presentations, refuelling logistics, support of Hydrogen Sweden in preparation and in ride&drive events, documemtation of key findings
The following individuals, related to the H2mS project partners and their Road Tour guests Honda and Toyota have participated along the Road Tour.
Name Company
Hamburg Hannover Bolzano Paris Cardiff Bristol Swindon London Copenhagen
Hydrogen Martin Svensson X X X X X X X X X Sweden
Hydrogen Cristine Apelgren X X X X X X X X X Sweden
Ulrich Bünger LBST X X X X X X X X X
Sofia Capito LBST X X X X X X X
Jan Zerhusen LBST X X
Teresa Fickler Daimler X X X X X X X X X
Benjamim Kähler Daimler X X X X
Ronald Grasman Daimler X X
Peter Froeschle Daimler X
Christian Mohrdieck Daimler X
Herbert Kohler Daimler X
Madeleine Daimler X Herdlitschka
Dirk Weigand Daimler X
Stefan Hoffmann Daimler X X X EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 7
Name Company
Hamburg Hannover Bolzano Paris Cardiff Bristol Swindon London Copenhagen
Roland Maag Daimler X
Jörg Wind Daimler X
Peter Wandt Toyota X X X X X X X X X
Graham Smith Toyota X
Alain Taverriti Toyota X X
Michel Gardel Toyota X
Katsuhiko Hirose Toyota X X
Akihito Tanke Toyota X
Mikael Sloth H2 Logic X X
Steven Westenholz H2 Logic X X
Jacob Krogsgaard H2 Logic X
Hydrogen Flemming Wennike X X Link DK
Jae Young Shim Hyundai X X X X X X X X X
Sae Hoon Kim Hyundai X X
Byung Ki Ahn Hyundai X
Tiger Jeong Hyundai X X X X X
Kang Sik Jeon Hyundai X X X
Chung Jul Heo Hyundai X X X
Tae Woon Lim Hyundai X
Sung Moon Cho Hyundai X X X X X
Ki Ho Yoo Hyundai X
Soon Gil Kweong Hyundai X X X X X X X X
John Kingston Honda X X X X X
Thomas Brachmann Honda X X X X X X X X
Fiona Cole Honda X X X X
Paul Ornand Honda X X X X
Christof Lefevre Honda X
Sascha Rupp Honda X X X X X
Michael Lund Honda X
Takashi Moriya Honda X
Mohammed Awada Honda X X X X
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3 Road Tour Concept and its Evolution
The EU Hydrogen Road Tour plans evolved step by step with several factors made to fit. The main idea of the EU Road Tour was to demonstrate the project, reach experts and the public and offer test drives in various locations in 5 European regions. The ambition was to reach different target groups spread across Europe, to develop a storyline and create as much impact as possible. To make the Road Tour become a success, we found that it is important to anchor the individual events locally and facilitate them with support from local committed organizations. The media coverage and legibility of the events would also be stronger if we could cooperate with other simultaneous local events in the field of sustainable transport, i.e. on hydrogen and fuel cells or E-Mobility and where people would meet. After several networking meetings, analysis of the European hydrogen arena, a screening of local events taking place during the year, and many internal meeting within the communication team, the event cities and the route successively were shaped. The next consecutive step was to follow up that decision by local meetings and site inspections in each of the event cities. The EU Road Tour concept finally comprised 15 separate events in 9 cities during one month touring through Europe. Versus the facilitation of 5 individual tours as originally anticipated the facilitation of one big event were: • Higher visibility, • Lower costs, • Clearer picture of FCEVs capable of covering larger distances between cities and • Simpler facilitation of experts involved from all partners. The concept comprised of three individual parts each: (1) a VIP seminar, (b) a VIP Ride & Drive event and (c) a public event with Ride & Drive. This foundation was then been adapted to the local needs and conditions in each of the event cities. In reality it turned out that a set of seminars, workshops, panel discussions, exhibition stands, visits, cocktails, ride & drives, public film makings and even flashmob drivings through the city centers were all organised in a different way in each of the event cities with a lot of dynamics and learning over the Road Tour period. The Route and the event cities are: EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 9
The following automobile partners and their fuel cell vehicles have been used at the H2mS EU Hydrogen Road Tour:
Manufacturer Dimension Daimler Honda Hyundai Toyota
Type B-Class Clarity ix 35 FCHV adv F-CELL
H2mS partner Yes No Yes No
Number of tour vehicles 2 2 2 1
Range (NEDC) km 380 460 525 650
H2 capacity kg 3.7 4.1 5.6 6
Tank pressure MPa 70 35 70 70
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4 Road Tour Event location Profile
4.1 Hamburg Date: 13 - 16 September 2012 Local Facilitator: Petra Kampmann / Hysolutions, Hamburg Daniel Hustadt / Vattenfall Europe Christina Wulf / TUHH, Hamburg University of Technology Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 13 September: VIP Seminar + Panel Discussion at Hydrogen Colloquium Participants at VIP Seminar: about 40 Speakers: • Staatsrat Bernd Egert, City of Hamburg – Ministry of Economy, Transport and Innovation • Klaus Bonhoff, National Organisation Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology • Ulrich Bünger, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik • Carsten Retzke, Total/Clean Energy Partnership • Oliver Weinmann, Vattenfall Europe Innovation • Heinrich Klingenberg, hySOLUTIONS • Peter Froeschle, Daimler • Katsuhiko Hirose, Toyota • Takashi Moriya, Honda • Byung Ki Ahn, Hyundai • Christian Tuchel, Linde • Christina Wulf, Martin Kaltschmitt, Hamburg University of Technology 14 September: Staff Briefing 15 September: Public Event at St. Petri Platz Participants at Public Event: about 130 16 September: Promotional Filming and Refuelling Public Event: about 130 Total number of participants: about 170Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides, total): 13 September: VIP Ride & Drive at Hydrogen Colloquium Number of cars: 6 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers/riders: about 59/60 Total Ride & Drives: about 119 EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 11
4.2 Hannover Date: 17 September 2012 Local Facilitator: Daniela Schatz / Solvay Germany, Hannover Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 17 September: VIP Seminar with workshop and panel discussion at Solvay Participants at VIP Event: about 80 Speakers: • Dr. Andreas Meier, CEO SOLVAY GmbH • Dr. Ulrich Bünger, LBST • Stephan Weil, Oberbürgermeister von Hannover • Dr. Holger Dziallas, SolviCore GmbH & Co. KG • Boris Jermer, HyCologne e. V. • Christian Tuchel, Linde AG • Dr. Stefan Birkner, Minster for Environment, Niedersachsen • Dirk Weigand, Daimler Total number of participants: about 80 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 17 September: VIP Ride & Drive at Solvay Number of cars: 6 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 39 Total riders: about 30 Total Ride & Drives: about 69
4.3 Bolzano Date: 19 – 22 September 2012 Local Facilitator: Thomas Klauser, Walther Huber / IIT, Bolzano Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 19 September: VIP Seminar with workshop and panel discussion at IIT Participants at VIP Event: about 140 Speakers: • Luis Durnwalder, President of the Province • Thomas Widmann, Minister of Mobility&Economy • Roberto Bizzo, Minister of Innovation • Luigi Spagnolli, Mayor of Bolzano EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 12
• Reinhold Masoner, Director of Bolzano Fair • Walter Huber, General Manager IIT • Carlo Costa, A22 Brenner Highway Company, Mobility Department • Dr. Thomas Klauser, IIT • Franz Wimmer, Radius • Ulrich Buenger, LBST • Christian Mohrdieck, Daimler • Jae Young Shim, Hyundai • Bert De Colvenaer, FCH-JU • South Tyrol Transport Department • European Affairs Department 20 September: Public Session at Klimamobility Conference Participants: about 170 20-21 September: Public Event at Klimamobility Fair Participants at Public Events: about 900 Total number of participants: about 1040 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 19 September: VIP Ride & Drive at IIT 20-21 September: Public Ride & Drive at Klimamobility 22 September: VIP Ride & Drive at EcoDolomites Rally Number of cars: 6 resp. 4 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 312 Total riders: about 300 Total Ride & Drives: about 612
4.4 Paris Date: 27 – 29 September 2012 Local Facilitator: Dominique Lecocq / Air Liquide, Paris, Paris Motor Show Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 27 September: VIP Event with panel discussion and cocktail at Paris Motor Show Participants at VIP Event: about 40 • Speakers: • Jean DESESSARD, Sénateur de Paris EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 13
• François Brottes / Member of Parliament (Député of Isère) and Chairman of the Commission of Economic Affairs at the National Assembly • Pierre-Etienne FRANC, Directeur Technologies of theFuture, Air Liquide • Bert De Colvenaer, Directeur Exécutif, FCH JU • Prof. Herbert Kohler, Vice President of Group Research & Advanced Engineering e-drive & Future Mobility, Daimler • Thomas Brachmann, Automobile Engineering & Research, Honda R&D Europe (Deutschland) GmbH • Michel Gardel, Vice-President Communications, External and Environment Affairs, Toyota Motor Europe • Dr. Sae Hoon Kim, Principal Research Engineer, Huyndai Motor Company • Dr. Ulrich Buenger, LBST 27-29 September: Public Event with stand at Paris Motor Show Participants at Public Events: about 850 Total number of participants: about 890 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 27 September: VIP Ride & Drive at Paris Motor Show 27-29 September: Public Ride & Drive at Paris Motor Show Number of cars: 4 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 112 Total riders: about: 74 Total Ride & Drives: about 186
4.5 Cardiff Date: 3 October 2012 Local Facilitator: Guto Owen / Ynni Glan Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 3 October: VIP Seminar with workshop and panel discussion at Millennium Centre Participants at VIP Event: about 50 Speakers: • Professor Garel Rhys, Cardiff University • Carwyn Jones, First Minister of Wales • Dr Graham Cooley, CEO, ITM Power • Dr Ron Loveland, Energy Advisor to the Welsh Government EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 14
• Jean-Luc Delplancke, Head of Programme Unit, FCH JU • Jon Maddy, Hydrogen Centre, University of Glamorgan • Willie Hall, Projects Director,Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells & Member, Zero Carbon Transport Compact • Peter Wandt, Toyota • Thomas Brachmann, Honda • Tiger Young, Hyundai • Benjamin Kähler, Daimler • Dr Ulrich Bünger, LBST 3 October: Public Event at Millennium Centre Public at Public Event: about 100 Total number of participants: about 150 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 3 October: VIP Ride & Drive at Millennium Centre Number of cars: 7 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 21 Total riders: about 14 Total Ride & Drives: about 35
4.6 Bristol Date: 4 October 2012 Local Facilitator: Guto Owen / Ynni Glan Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 4 October: VIP Seminar with workshop at Create Centre Participants at VIP Event: about 20 Speakers: • Dr Miriam Ricci, UWE • Cllr Neil Harrison, Bristol City Council • Dr Ulrich Buenger, LBST • Emma Guthrie, Air Products • Jas Singh, Auriga Energy Total number of participants: about 20 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 4 October: VIP Ride & Drive at Create Centre EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 15
Number of cars: 7 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 18 Total riders: about 10 Total Ride & Drives: about 28
4.7 Swindon Date: 4 October 2012 Local Facilitator: Guto Owen / Ynni Glan Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 4 October: VIP Seminar with workshop and panel discussion at Honda Participants at VIP Event: about 50 Speakers: • Nick Rolf, BOC • Richard Kemp-Harper, TSB • Ian Piper, Chief Executive, Forward Swindon • Bill Fisher, MD, Swindon Commercial Services • Dr Ulrich Bünger, LBST • Peter Wandt, Toyota • Thomas Brachmann, Honda • Tiger Young, Hyundai 4 October: VIP/Public Event at Johnson Matthey Participants at VIP/Public Event: about 150 VIP participants: UKH2Mobility Steering Group Total number of participants: about 200 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): Number of cars: 7 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 29 Total riders: about 20 Total Ride & Drives: about 49
4.8 London Date: 5 - 6 October 2012 Local Facilitator: Guto Owen / Ynni Glan Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 16
5 October: VIP Seminar with workshop and panel discussion at City Hall Participants at VIP Event: about 50 Speakers: • Kit Malthouse, Deputy Mayor of the City of London • Graham Cooley/CEO ITM Power • Dennis Hayter, Chair UKHFCA & VP Intelligent Energy • Bert de Colvenaer, Executive Director, FCH JU • London Hydrogen Partnership • Dr Ulrich Bünger, LBST VIP participants: Kit Malthouse, Deputy Mayor of the City of London, Graham Cooley/CEO ITM Power 6 October: Public Event on Concert Hall Approach at the the London Eye Participants at Public Event: about 200 Total number of participants: about 250 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 5 October: VIP Ride & Drive at Millennium Centre 6 October: Public Ride & Drive on Concert Hall Approach at the London Eye Number of cars: 6 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 47 Total riders: about 45 Total Ride & Drives: about 92
4.9 Copenhagen Date: 9 – 10 October 2012 Local Facilitator: Mikael Sloth / H2 Logic Event schedule (test drive, workshop, panel discussion, else): 9 October: VIP MoU Signing Event at Odd Fellow Palace Participants at VIP MoU Event: about 50 VIP Participants: Mitsuhiro Ueno – President / Honda R&D Europe GmbH, Seung Wook Yang - President / Hyundai Motor Europe, Katsuhiko Hirose - Managing Officer / Toyota Motor Corporation, Tim Dunn - Head of Advanced Engineering / Nissan Technical Centre Europe Technical Center, Henrik Dam Kristensen - Minister of Transport of Denmark, Bo Diczfalusy – Director / Directorate of Sustainable Energy, Policy and Technology, International Energy Agency, Flemming Wennike / Hydrogen Link (Denmark), Bjørn Simonsen / HyNor (Norway), Björn Aronsson / Hydrogen EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 17
Sweden, Jon Bjørn Skulason / Iceland New Energy, Mikael Sloth / H2 Logic A/S (Denmark), Ulf Hafseld - Director / HYOP AS (Norway), Jacob Krogsgaard - Director / H2 Logic A/S & Copenhagen Hydrogen Network A/S (Denmark) 9 October: VIP Events at a several locations Participants at a several VIP Events: about 90 10 October: VIP/Public Hydrogen Workshop at Society of Danish Engineers Participants at VIP/Public Event: about 80 Speakers: • Dr. Ulrich Bünger, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik/H2mS (moderator) • Thomas Brachmann, Honda Motor Europe • Ronald Grasman, Daimler • Dr. Katsuhiko Hirose, Toyota Motor Corp. • Ki Ho Yoo, Hyundai Motor Corp. • Ulf Haseld, HyOP • Björn Aronsson, Hydrogen Sweden • Jacob Krogsgaard, H2 Logic • Charlotte Korsgaard, Head of Office, Environmental Department, City of Copenhagen • Michael Mücke Jensen, Danish Oil Industry Association 10 October: Public Event at Society of Danish Engineers Participants at Public Event: about 30 Total number of participants: about 250 Test drive (setting, vehicles participating, number of drivers, number of rides): 9 October: VIP Ride & Drive and visits to several locations: Technical University of Denmark, Sahle High School, The Danish Car Importers Association, Taxa 4x35 Company, Danish Society of Engineers, Danish Energy Association, Danish Transport Authority 10 October: VIP/Public Ride & Drive at Ingeniørens Hus Number of cars: 6 fuel cell electric vehicles Total drivers: about 82 Total riders: about 26 Total Ride & Drives: about 108
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5 Road Tour Results
5.1 Hamburg An “academic” Road Tour Start with a lively stakeholder debate The European Hydrogen Road Tour made its first stop in Hamburg on the 13th of September. The local partners, TUHH, Hamburg University of Technology, Vattenfall Europe Innovation GmbH and hySOLUTIONS GmbH had invited us to the Hydrogen Colloquium in Hamburg. Hamburg is traditionally one of the German cities with most R&D-activities in the field of hydrogen. The newly opened hydrogen refuelling station in the HafenCity, as well as two smaller stations for passenger vehicles and one for busses, adds to the overall infrastructure within the city. By 2013 there will be seven busses operating in Hamburg. Fuel cell cars and a fuel cell tourist ship are already in daily operation, together with a fuel cell tow and fork lift trucks at the airport. The major drivers behind the strategies, demonstration projects and impressive record of commercialisation efforts are public bodies, such as Hamburger Hochbahn and the Senate. Vattenfall and Airbus represent industry in this process of development. Germany is the European country having the most offensive strategy for the commercialization of fuel cells and hydrogen. By 2015 the plan is to have 50 hydrogen refuelling stations in operation, allowing the use of about 5,000 fuel cell vehicles. Until then a solid legal framework is expected to be in place allowing the extension of the refuelling station network to 300-400 stations by 2020 and 1.000 stations by 2030. Well placed, this should then serve as basic coverage for full customer outreach throughout Germany. By 2015 it should also become obvious, due to the scaling effect of fuel cell cars, how the fuel cell bus costs can decrease, something expected to follow from the development of passenger car fuel cells. The seminar offered exiting discussions between the participants. Automobile industry was represented at high level, the principle fuel cell development engineers from each of the following car companies: Byung Ki Ahn from Hyundai, Peter Froeschle from Daimler, Katsuhiko Hirose from Toyota and Takashi Moriya from Honda. Among the conclusions that they drew at the end of the day, was that there is no competition between the automakers today concerning the FCEV market. It will come later, with increasing demand and as competition between regions when demand of more fuel cell vehicles develops.
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VIP Panel discussion with the principal fuel cell engineers from Honda Takashi Moriya (Honda), Katsuhiko Hirose (Toyota), Peter Froeschle (Daimler) and Byung Ki Ahn (Hyundai) (from left to right)
Auto industry unanimously agreed that ”leadership” in combination with ”continuity” are key ingredients to establish a market for fuel cells and hydrogen, both in industry and in the regions. They also share their essential ambition for developing FCEVs; fuel diversification, environmental protection and value creation. The experts joined in the opinion that the European hydrogen infrastructure build up poses one of the biggest challenges as it serves the densest road networks in the World. But on the other hand, currently the potential opportunities to commercialize hydrogen and fuel cells are seen biggest in Europe, specifically in Germany and Scandinavia. In the short term, three risks have to be overcome: an initial investment risk (requiring guaranties from banks or governments), a market risk (the public needs to be informed and vehicles/fuel have to become affordable) and the first mover disadvantage (which needs to be solved by developing incentives). As one of the industry representatives put it straight, specifically with a view to the Hamburg region: “Did Hamburg already counterbalance the expenditures for ever growing oil import costs with the use of hydrogen from renewable domestic wind energy?” EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 20
Ride& Drive event in Hamburg City, 15th October 2012 The seminar and VIP arrangement of the 13th was followed by a public ride and drive event in central Hamburg Saturday 15th September and a video clip which was recorded by a film crew hired by the Clean Energy Partnership Project (CEP) and can also be accessed via the H2mS internet page www.scandinavianhydrogen.org.
5.2 Hannover Industry’s commitment meets political will to extend the hydrogen infrastructure The Hannover event on the 17th of September was well co-organised by the Solvay Germany Company. It comprised a presentation with discussions, a VIP panel discussion with prominent representatives from industry and politics and a public ride&drive event. Also, the project’s own moveable refueller, developed by project partner H2 Logic was used to refuel the fuel cell cars onsite.
Minister for the Environment, Lower Saxony Dr. Stefan Birkner (right) together with the CEO of Solvay Germany, Dr. Andreas Meier refuelling a Hyundai fuel cell car at H2mS’s own moveable hydrogen refueller developed by project partner H2 Logic from Denmark
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In the past, Hannover and the State of Lower Saxony did not stick out specifically on hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Thus, the participants were keen to learn about future plans and strategies. The presentations provided valuable guidance on how to kick start activities and join e.g. the cities of Berlin and Hamburg or the states of Northrhine Westfalia and Hessia in their ongoing hydrogen and fuel cell strategies. It was well received by the audience that both the City of Hannover and the state of Lower Saxony announced to be open for upcoming demonstration projects. They were also applauded for their commitment to establish one or further more hydrogen refuelling stations for fuel cell vehicle refuelling, as part of the Government’s 50 stations plan by 2015, as well as the insight that hydrogen as vehicle fuel will profit from synergies with hydrogen for large scale renewable electricity storage.
Head of Hannover City Council and Department Head for Environmental Affairs and Economy Hans Mönninghoff
Hannover preconditions for Hydrogen Key statements highlighting some of the interesting discussions that took place during the day have been compiled. They show that Hannover has the will and the potential to ramp up the hydrogen efforts and become a major hydrogen centre. In the Cologne area, up to 1000 fuel cell buses can be operated on cheap surplus hydrogen from chemical processes, which is otherwise just burnt for heating together with natural gas, thus offering an intelligent and economic early introduction strategy. Ingredients of a successful region initiative to foster fuel cell and hydrogen commercialization are a “2+2 approach”. This means two local facilitators, cooperating closely (with staff in addition) and, at least, two demonstration projects (but not five) for a three-year period (until early commercialization). EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 22
Multiple synergies between different technologies or structural approaches need to be uncovered in the coming years of energy transition; for example the use of hydrogen as vehicle fuel and large scale energy storage (Power to Gas), the use of refuelling infrastructure to supply road (cars, trucks and buses), rail and air transport (increased infrastructure utilization), the development of PEM fuel cell technology in conjunction with the development of PEM electrolysis (scaling effect). Hannover could actually become one of the major German hydrogen hubs, H2R – Hannover Hydrogen Region, as Lower Saxony boasts ample wind energy potentials, geologic structures for storing hydrogen underground at large scale, large automotive as well as it supplies maritime industry. A majority of kilometres driven with passenger cars in Germany today are in long distance driving. If greenhouse gas emissions should be decreased decisively, we need to do this with cars that are capable to drive long distance. With e-mobility this will only be possible with fuel cells and hydrogen. In most fuel cell vehicles’ drive systems only few components originate from Europe today. If Europe in the future is to play a vital industrial role in this industry sector, besides systems integration, then one strategy must be to foster European value creation, and hence, strengthen an industrial knowledge and manufacturing basis.
5.3 Bolzano World record number of test drives and participation in scenic electric vehicle race The Bolzano event sequence comprised four major activities • a specific H2moves Scandinavia session on 19 September, prepared and facilitated by our friends from the Institute for Innovative Technologies (IIT) • presentation at the Klimamobility conference on 20 September • participation in Klimamobility Fair with booth and test drives on 20 September • participation of four fuel cell cars provided by H2moves Scandinavia in the EcoDolomites electric vehicle rally on 22 September
The H2mS specific event boasted both a VIP test drive with all four vehicle types (Mercedes Benz F-CELL, Hyundai ix35 FCEV, Honda FCX Clarity and Toyota FCV- adv), which were heavily utilised both by our VIP guests as well as students. The major activity however were the presentations disseminating messages of South Tyrol’s political and industrial commitment together with H2moves Scandinavia’s vehicle and infrastructure demonstration achievements in Scandinavia.
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Key messages were contributed by South Tyrol’s president Luis Durnwalder, the Mayor of the City of Bolzano Luigi Spagnolli and the General Manager and Chief Engineer of the A22 Brenner Autobahn operating company backed by a presentation by IIT on the motivation for urgent action to make South Tyrol’s mobility more sustainable.
Panel discussion with Bert De Colvenaer / Director FCH-JU, Dr. Jae Young Shim / Hyundai, Dr. Christian Mohrdieck / Daimler, Carlo Costa / Technical Director A22 Brennerautobahn, Thomas Klauser / IIT, moderator Walther Huber / Director IIT, Ulrich Bünger / H2mS Coordinator (from right to left)
With the Brenner Autobahn being the major source of emissions (local pollutants, GHG-emissions and noise), the politicians and industry described a picture in which hydrogen operated fuel cell vehicles could become a major component of a sustainable everyday mobility, providing high quality individual transport for the region. 29 million tourists every year use the Brenner Autobahn on their way across the Alps, either to stay in South Tyrol, a major tourist area, or continuing further south into Italy and back.
VIP seminar in Bolzano 19 September 2012 The plan is to establish a sequence of hydrogen fuelling stations to connect central Europe, from Germany via Innsbruck, to northern Italy. In addition, it had recently been decided to acquire five fuel cell buses from Evobus to be operated on the roads of Bolzano. Apparently, the bus provider had impressed the region by paying specific attention to pass an incline test in rather challenging mountainous environment. Politics has promised to support this activity, either by funding the market introduction or by creating the relevant accompanying measures (preferential treatment of electric vehicles in otherwise restricted inner city traffic). As Bolzano is planning to also add EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 24 fuel cell cars in the frame of coming demonstration projects the EU Road Tour was specifically welcome. H2moves Scandinavia then reported about its positive learnings from using fuel cells and refuelling infrastructure in everyday life. Among the results were reliability of hardware and full acceptance by customers, the insight to build local actor networks by demonstration projects and the urgent need to build a fuelling station network. The consecutive VIP panel discussion, moderated by Walter Huber, General Manager of IIT and a knowledgeable person in hydrogen and fuel cells, revealed further insights. One topic was the use of local energy resources, i.e. renewable hydropower in South Tyrol, which aims specifically reducing the region’s import of fossil energy, in particular mineral oil. The automobile manufacturers spoke of their responsibility to provide sufficient vehicle numbers to sustain the existing refuelling infrastructure. They also showed awareness to help solving the environmental challenges, both in the Brenner Autobahn valleys and in the cities, which draw from tourism as one of the major income source in the region. Several speakers found continuity to be a key ingredient to introduce hydrogen and fuel cells in transport.
The conference drew 140 out of 170 invited guests into to the meeting venue and about 40 journalists attended the event, even though the weather was challenging with hard rain. A vital sign of success was that the organisers, without exception, received only positive feedback.
Test drives at the IIT H2mS specific workshop drawing about 120 guests
The contribution of H2moves Scandinavia to the Klimamobility event was to report on the project’s demonstration results and offer test-driving of several FCEVs on the indoor driving track. It was pointed out that fuel cell vehicles are ordinary electric vehicles but, in contrast to battery electric vehicles, without range anxiety and long EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 25 refuelling times. Adding up the number of test drives from both the H2moves Scandinavia and the Klimamobility events, gives about 300 individual drivers and about 350 single trips in three days. This is a number believed to be a record in any of the similar test drive events so far in Europe! Klimamobility was visited by about 7,200 visitors, with in total 196 exhibitors. In total more than 440 persons participated in the international congresses of the parallel Klimaenergy and Klimamobility congresses.
The Bolzano event ended with four of the fuel cell cars participating in the EcoDolomites rally in the mountains over Bolzano, a 65 km distance, including the four most spectacular Dolomite passes, UNESCO world heritage area since 2010.
Participation of four fuel cell vehicles in the EcoDolomites 2012 electric vehicle car rallye
5.4 Paris High political engagement in hydrogen event at Paris Motor Show The European Hydrogen Road Tour made a three day stop at Paris Motor Show 27 – 29 of September. As local event host, Air Liquide had provided the stand, a slot for four H2mS fuel cell vehicles at the electric vehicle test drive facilities, a VIP event with panel discussion and a mobile refuelling facility at their facilities in Versailles. A definite highlight of the event was a VIP cocktail with François Brottes, Member of Parliament (Député of Isère) and Chairman of the Commission of Economic Affairs at the National Assembly and Jean Desessard, Senator of Paris, as local politicians and representatives from Air Liquide, the four car manufacturers participating in the Road Tour, the European Fuel Cell and the Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH-JU). The political messages passed on to the audience of about 40 guests invited by Air Liquide turned out to be encouraging for the hydrogen industry. The message was EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 26 passed that it is paramount for policymakers to facilitate the development of networks and infrastructures. In order to persuade both the general public and the decision- makers in France FCEV technology needs to be stressed as a pertinent new mobility option with the following important ingredients: • the economic value of hydrogen operated fuel cells needs to be assessed and demonstrated, • the actors involved in the development of fuel cell electric vehicles need to demonstrate with certainty that this new technology is safe in everyday use and to send strong signals to convince the public and • the full value chains of hydrogen production in France need to be compared with those of other transport technologies, i.e. to guarantee that hydrogen operated fuel cell vehicles have a beneficial effect for the environment.
In addition, the policymakers stressed that the use of renewable energy for hydrogen production is a key ingredient if this technology should have a chance in France to become competitive with the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines which clearly need to be phased out in the long term. Expected advantages are the mitigation of climate change and the reduction of pollutant emissions in the cities. The other important benefit of hydrogen could be its use as storage medium to balance fluctuating renewable energies such as photovoltaics or wind power, should it demonstrate a relevant potential.
VIP panel discussion in the H2mS tent at Paris Motor Show: Sae Hoon Kim / Hyundai, Michel Gardel / Toyota, Herbert Kohler / Daimler, Pierre Etienne Franc / Air Liquide, Bert De Colvenaer / FCH JU, François Brottes / Member of Parliament (Député of Isère) and Chairman of the Commission of Economic Affairs at the National Assembly, Thomas Brachmann / Honda, Jean Desessard / Senator of Paris and H2mS project coordinator Ulrich Bünger as moderator
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The representatives from industry and FCH JU replied by pointing out several highly relevant aspects of how to prepare for a market introduction of fuel cell vehicles also in France. One important issue is the simultaneous use of hydrogen as vehicle fuel and storage medium for renewable electricity, which promises to improve the overall economics to develop the hydrogen infrastructure. In order to do this successfully, continuity will be needed both in the industrial engagement to provide the missing refuelling infrastructure and a larger number of cars to increase the infrastructure utilization. Another, recently more often cited aspect is to build out the use of European and decentral energy resources to avoid blackouts in the energy system to avoid major damage to global economies, even though prominent politicians still deny a real threat. About 600 B€ are spent each year in Europe alone to import energy which is then simply burnt off, instead of creating values within Europe to provide a basis for a more sustainable energy infrastructure. This should become a major element of the energy SET Plan.
A presentation highlight at H2mS’s Paris Motor Show: the Daimler F-CELL “Invisible Car”
The value of demonstration projects is believed to be an important one, as regions can learn one by one hands on to how the introduction of fuel cell vehicles benefit not only the environment, but can also do that at little change to the existing transport network. Yet, also here it is true that continuity is applied as a demonstration project should be followed by further activities towards market introduction as otherwise, the roll out is stalled by investments remaining unused. I.e., as experience has shown also in Asia, demonstration projects should always be followed by a market introduction strategy. Concerning the primary energy source to produce hydrogen in France, renewable electricity will become the preferred route in medium to long term, whereas other EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 28 pathways in the short term may include its production from natural gas, through the use of nuclear energy and by means of carbon capture and storage as a means to mitigate GHG emissions from the use of fossil energy. Yet, French industry stands ready to participate in the build-up of a nationwide hydrogen refuelling infrastructure.
In parallel to the discussions also in Paris a test drive of all fuel cell vehicle brands was offered to VIPs and the public.
Public test drives outside the Paris Motor show with all four fuel cell vehicle brands on tour
5.5 Cardiff A "fresh test drive" in Cardiff and an early meeting of fuel cell vehicles on road and river in Bristol
Fuel cell vehicles lining up in front of Wales Millennium Centre, the home of the Cardiff conference
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The "UK leg" of the H2moves Scandinavia European Hydrogen Road Tour kicked off in Cardiff, the capital of Wales on the 3rd of October. Carwyn Jones, First Minister of Wales, heartily welcomed the congregation after he had thoroughly inspected the seven fuel cell vehicles parked in front of Wales Millennium Centre, the home of the conference. He communicated his positive view of the fuel cell technology to not only clear the air in Cardiff and the rest of Wales, but also to foster additional value creation in the local automobile industry, employing 18,000 in Cardiff and vicinity.
Carwyn Jones, the First Minister of Wales, inspecting the fuel cell cars with Guto Owen of Unni Glan and H2mS project coordinator Ulrich Bünger
Professor Garel Rhys, a veteran of UK and international automobile industry, eloquently pointed at the new view necessary to accelerate the impact fuel cell vehicles could have for Wales, i.e. by having a closer look at the used car markets and how hybrid vehicles were introduced into the market. Jean-Luc Delplancke, representing FCH JU, charted out the tools to apply for European funds and FCH JU’s strong interest in the European regions by partnering with HyER, the Hydrogen and Electric Vehicles Regions Initiative. A last call in January 2013 will be open as a new opportunity to also support new demonstration activities e.g. in Wales. Graham Cooley, CEO of ITM Power, in his presentation put specific weight on the issue of economic synergies by using hydrogen as transport fuel and e.g. by using it in power-to-gas schemes as energy storage medium at large scale to support the EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 30 electricity sector in solving its challenges to integrate fluctuating renewable energies into UK’s electricity grid. Jon Maddy from the University of Glamorgan gave a presentation on the University’s Hydrogen Centre near Swansea and its specialised role in the research and development of the biological production of hydrogen. He also explained the University’s role in co-ordinating Welsh R&D activities and their partnerships with other UK institutions. Willie Hall from Johnson Matthey introduced the ‘Down to Zero’ Transport Procurement Compact which is a collaborative project between leading UK companies, organisations and Government to stimulate markets for low-carbon or zero carbon goods. The members of the Compact could be a key early market for FCEVs. In the consecutive panel discussion, the regional representatives flagged their strong interest to introduce delivery vans and taxis as they do specifically operate in inner cities and as captive vehicles are typically refuelled by fleet refuelling stations, hence at high utilization. The automobile industry representatives unanimously communicated their commercialization message starting with 2015. As (a) the economic aspect is a much more important issue in the delivery van market and (b) the car and delivery van sectors are typically separate units within the companies the automobile industry representatives dampened too much excitement that fuel cell vehicles for this specific sector will kick-off sooner than the ordinary car sector. Automobile industry has studied the markets and has come to the conclusion that in order to produce several ten thousand units as soon as possible to reach the economic mass production threshold, large sedan cars will be in focus during the transition period.
Curious school children receive a lively explanation of fuel cell vehicles by Peter Wandt from Toyota EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 31
The public was offered to testdrive the seven fuel cell vehicles, starting in front of Wales Millennium Centre, a fresh breeze and intermittent heavy rainshowers accompanying the event. A further positive feature of the day was a visit by a group of enthusiastic schoolchildren (ages 14 & 15) from Ysgol Plasmawr (a school in Cardiff) to support their knowledge and understanding of science, technology and green motoring. The event attracted Welsh press and TV interest, with reports on English and Welsh language news bulletins. A TV production company also filmed the event as part of a documentary on fuel cells which they are preparing.
5.6 Bristol Fuel cells on the road meet a fuel cell on the water and engaged fuel cell enthusiasts After leaving Cardiff to Bristol the same evening, the alarm clocks went off early for the EU Road Tour team the next morning.
An early breakfast meeting at the Bristol CREATE Center
A testdrive was organised for a small group of invited guests to a breakfast seminar. The event started at 7:15am and was well attended despite the very early start. Next to a presentation of the H2mS project and Road Tour, the Cabinet Member from the local Bristol City Council with responsibilities for the environment, Councillor Neil Harrison, welcomed the EU Road Tour team and reported on the interest of Bristol to become a node in the hydrogen corridor from Swansea to London. A first project, then presented by Jas Singh as project coordinator, showed the demonstration of a small hydrogen fuel cell operated passenger ferry, to showcase Bristol’s history as marine technology centre willing to prepare for new industry applications in this field. As Bristol is home of BAE and as such is the centre of the UK defense and aircraft industry, other markets for fuel cells could also develop in this field. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 32
Emma Guthrie rounded up that picture and presented Air Product’s commitment to develop a hydrogen production and refuelling infrastructure in the UK, starting along this highly visible corridor. Until now several fuelling stations exist starting in Wales and ending in London with the new fuelling stations at Millbrooks Proving Grounds and at Heathrow Airport to supply the five London Taxis.
The Bristol harbour hydrogen ferry boat “Hydrogenesis”
5.7 Swindon Curiosity of fuel cell craftsmen at Johnson Matthey and automobile industry commitment at Honda After the breakfast workshop in Bristol we visited two further fully rewarding fuel cell industry centred events in Swindon, along the hydrogen corridor from Swansea to London. The hands-on exercise at Johnson Matthey was a full success, even though the test driving was limited by time constraints that day. The first stop was a short but intense one at Johnson Matthey, where in full sunshine three out of the seven fuel cell vehicles (Mercedes, Honda and Hyundai) lined up to be checked out in detail by the 130 or so employees. Even the reception personnel left their job to have a close look at the vehicles for which Johnson Matthey has been producing membrane electrode assemblies for many years. Reading from the excited faces of the staff, the hands-on exercise with some limited test driving, due to the time constraints that day, was very well accepted and a full success. The outside part of the meeting followed a short introduction by Johnson Matthey’s fuel cell activity CEO Jack Frost, welcoming the H2moves Scandinavia Road Tour delegation and the project coordinator Ulrich Bünger of Ludwig-Bölkow- Systemtechnik, who briefly introduced the congregation into the EU Road Tour and EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 33 the positive Scandinavian hydrogen project experience. Also Richard Bruce, Director of OLEV (Office for Low Emission Vehicles in the UK Government) and Chair of the national UK H2 Mobility scheme welcomed the guests and reflected on understanding the evidence that the support provided by the UK government to the UK fuel cell and hydrogen industry is a full success paying back UK industry contribution to fuel cell vehicles as commercial products soon to enter World markets.
Also the UK H2 Mobility team, holding its working meeting at Johnson Matthey on 4 October, greets the H2mS European Hydrogen Road Tour team
It was a warm and an exciting welcome when the H2mS delegation landed with the fuel cell vehicles in the middle of a curious crowd of fuel cell industry family members. It was even more exciting as the UK H2 Mobility initiative, preparing the commercial roll out of a UK hydrogen refuelling infrastructure, had its meeting at the Johnson Matthey facility that day and joined the testdrives and parking lot based “fuel cell vehicle inspection”.
Refuelling the Road Tour’s seven fuel cell vehicles at the Honda Swindon manufacturing plant
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After this one hour excursion the delegation of three vehicles joined the other four fuel cell cars which had already proceeded to the Honda manufacturing plant in Swindon for filming purposes, only a few miles from Johnson Matthey down the hydrogen corridor to London. At the BOC-operated refuelling station all cars where refuelled, the cars were test driven extensively under close observation and with participation of the press and a lunch seminar was organised.
Martin Svensson / Hydrogen Sweden and Teresa Fickler / Daimler, central figures of the H2mS EU Road Tour team
Presentations comprised one by the UK Government-funded Technology Strategy Board, by Forward Swindon (a regional industry association), and by the H2moves Scandinavia project and culminated in a lively VIP panel discussion which highlighted numerous strong messages both from policymakers and industry. The regional representatives pointed out the strong momentum for technical innovation, i.e. the role of the area as UK’s “silicon valley’, which could render it relevant for the further implementation of fuel cells and hydrogen. A clear questionmark was attached to the future role of oil industry in the topic, instead many new opportunities, such as injection of hydrogen to the natural gas grid were pointed out. It was suggested to develop and "keep project plans ready" for the very moment of relevant calls for funding. In connection with this, the FCH JU representative Jean- Luc Delplancke also pointed at a new funding opportunity with a call coming up in January 2013 as combining European and national funds had turned out as specifically valuable for the H2moves Scandinavia project. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 35
Panel discussion at Honda in Swindon with Tiger Jeong / Hyundai, Thomas Brachmann / Honda, Peter Wandt / Toyota, moderator Ulrich Bünger / H2mS project coordinator (hidden), Bill Fisher/Swindon Commercial Services, Nick Rolf/BOC, Dan Carter / Fuel Cells Today, Richard Kemp- Harper / Technology Strategy Board, Jean-Luc Delplancke / FCH-JU (from left)
Industry clearly answered the question on the chicken and egg dilemma (cars or infrastructure first?) that both need to be developed in parallel. Japan, the U.S. and Europe were pointed out as early commercial markets, and here specifically in Germany, in the UK (London) and Switzerland. One manufacturer specifically mentioned its responsibility to provide 1,000 fuel cell vehicles until 2015 to foster fuelling station utilization in a period when few other fuel cell vehicles are available at large scale. However, hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines were only seen as ‘proto- chicken’ by the large-scale manufacturers as they unanimously believed that (a) a game change in efficiency is required, (b) fuel cells can be developed to competitive levels in short time (no bridge technology required until 2015) and (c) hydrogen internal combustion engines are posed to have principal technical disadvantages which could pose an economic threat to industry (e.g. the reliability typically suffers from water in engine oil and high engine pressures). Industry jointly communicated that specifically the achievability of competitive cost levels is what makes them believe that a hydrogen based energy system can be reached in due time.
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5.8 London Are FCEVs the better cars or would official privileges (e.g. using bus lanes) be required to turn them to game changers? On the morning of 5 October, about 50 people interested in FCEVs were invited to exchange their thoughts and commonly evaluate the necessary next steps for market introduction of FCEVs in the UK. This VIP seminar took place in the ‘London’s Living Room’ on 9th floor of London’s City Hall. Deputy Mayor Kit Malthouse who is responsible for promoting London businesses, jobs apprenticeships and economic growth grasped the opportunity of the European Hydrogen Road Tour making a stop in London to invite leading regional stakeholders of emerging FCEV technology representatives.
The VIP seminar took place in "London’s Living Room" on 9th floor of London’s City Hall – here the view from the balcon
Kit Malthouse and Dennis Hayter from Intelligent Energy (who is also Chair of the UKHFCA) and representing the London Hydrogen Partnership reported on the needs and the achievements on the pathway to introduce hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. As part of the FCH JU funded project HyTEC, 5 FCEV cabs have been employed for several months now in London. These were used as shuttles during the Olympic and Paraolympic games in summer 2012 and celebrities like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rupert Murdoch were passengers. Not only did they appreciate this experience, but – maybe just as important – the taxi drivers enjoyed driving these cabs all day long. Having less vibration and noise for an hour or two (London traffic…) is much enjoyed by the passengers, but taxi drivers are the ones spending their entire working day usually exposed to these disturbances. Especially in London, taxi drivers are key multipliers to demonstrate how smooth and quiet FCEVs are. If more FCEV cabs will be employed, it might be reasonable to locate HRS close to where taxi drivers live or EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 37 for other reasons frequently pass by. What really tops this advantage is the decision of the London authorities to make all London cabs CO2 free by 2020. Today’s emphasis was on marketing tactics and regional focus to support the roll out of FCEVs. These were the key conclusions: Improved market approach: • If you have a convincing product, the “Apple”-strategy can be extremely successful: Let’s give everyone a FCEV to play with /drive it for half an hour. They won’t want to give it back. H2mS: This is the reason for our VIP and public test drives along the tour. Even though we have demonstrated seven FCEVs for now, we are working on a FCEV for everyone. Promised! (‘here today – everywhere tomorrow’). • Change from “green”-message to “better”-message. To the broad public, “green” sounds like “making things environmentally friendly but at a cost to comfort, i.e. just inconvenient”. So let’s not do FC technology ‘to’ them, but let’s do it ‘with and for’ them. Especially, as the driving experience in FCEVs actually is more comfortable than in conventional cars. This should be the message for selling it to the public. • Although everyone agrees that the driving experience is better, due to the infrastructure situation it will take some years until the overall mobility experience is comparable to conventional gasoline cars. Until then, it needs non-monetary incentives. E.g. by opening up bus lanes for FCEVs or other measures that make the weekend longer.
Regional focus for roll out: • In the UK, London needs to be the catalyst for H2 mobility. As of today, 3 hydrogen stations are operational in the London area, another one is located in Swindon along the M4 corridor towards Wales. • Yet, London can never be a hydrogen city on its own, it will be part of a larger network. • How is UK different? UK is an island, on one hand ‘driving on the other side of the road’ and with the effect that people can only drive until reaching another coastline. In the rest of Europe people are more likely to drive greater distances, e.g. making a trip from Denmark to Italy. It was therefore felt that an infrastructure build-up could be easier to achieve with vehicle being ‘less dependent on neighbouring countries also developing a hydrogen refuelling infrastructure’.
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The lively panel discussion resulted in other enchanting statements of the participants from London, the FCH JU and industry: • One of the next milestones to tackle: “Every pizza in London shall be delivered with a hydrogen vehicle.” • One of the reasons to use hydrogen instead of crude oil products: You don’t get a hydrogen spill in the sea. • This country just loves technology and innovation. So let’s sell these FCEVs to them. Should be a rather simple challenge. • Electric charging points for BEVs are quite a challenge in central London. Most people have to park on the streets. We have an alcohol problem in town. In combination, it can be envisioned that it were great fun for drunken people to walk around and unplug all the cars.
Deputy Mayor Kit Malthouse, responsible for promoting London businesses, jobs apprenticeships and economic growth, invited leading regional stakeholders of emerging FCEV technology representatives to the Road tour stop in London
The discussion also addressed other issues such as the use of hydrogen for large scale energy storage (from fluctuating wind energy) in underground salt storage caverns, a technology demonstrated for hydrogen as chemical storage in Teesside, the only such location in Europe. This additional scope has apparently been well understood by major actors. A related issue, raised by industry, is the development of decentral storage schemes, with residential energy generation by CHP fuel cells and EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 39 use as transport fuels, at the same time offering load management options. This would specifically applicable to new development projects also in London, such as in the Stratford quarters. In discussing the ambition why fuel cells and hydrogen were to be used in UK transport strong arguments were raised by several speakers in overwhelming agreement, i.e. 1. fossil fuels can be taken out of the earth only once. Also, they can also be spent only once. It was felt that better applications do exist instead of simply burning them, such as production of plastics or pharmaceuticals. 2. 200 billion € are spent by Europe on fossil fuels each year. Using that money for value creation within Europe should definitely be the preferred and sustainable option 3. Finally, competitiveness of industry is becoming an increasingly important issue for Europe, re-industrialization a general topic of interest. Bert De Colvenaer, Director of FCH JU, painted a generic road map for cities when considering to embracing fuel cells and hydrogen for transport. Before becoming a demonstration site, the following questions need to be answered positively: • Are approval/admission/certification procedures/regulations in place? • The first ‘commercial’ fuel cell electric vehicles (claim independent of individual automobile manufacturers) are posed to arrive by 2015+ and they will need to find customers in the ten thousands. Is the city/municipality prepared to take up these vehicles in significant numbers? • Is the trend of re-urbanisation visible in this region/municipality? Bert De Colvenaer was also confident that the current FCH JU under FP7 will have a second life within the coming Horizons 2020 program, even though the budget may not grow extensively. Seen from a European perspective his impression was that the UK H2 Mobility initiative is very relevant, as it tries to solve the chicken-egg problem by involving industry (automobile manufacturers, suppliers and infrastructure providers) as well as the public sector simultaneously, much like the German H2 Mobility initiative. Another suggestion was welcomed by supporting nods on all sides; the investment needs to get involved and here London plays of course a very central role. Actually, only two representatives from the investment sector participated are in the room, whereas it would have been supportive in the early preparation for commercialization if half the guest had been from that sector. A strong suggestion therefore was to organize investor meetings specifically addressing this group in the near future, using the backing from the automobile industry. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 40
Finally, the safety of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen as a fuel was addressed as major hurdle through poor public perception. Though the experts are already convinced, even believing that hydrogen is a safer option than most of the liquid fuels based on safety records, the public has to be educated. As a potential formula 1 racing class with FCEVs was mentioned as one of different highly visible options in the public.
After the seminar, the delegates were invited to testdrive the cars outside City Hall and on the streets of London. Media interest was also apparent and the testdrive proved popular, extending beyond its allocated time-slot until well into the afternoon. By co-incidence, a meeting of the EVUE (Electric Vehicles in Urban Europe, www.urbact.eu/evue) project was taking place in London on the same day and members of the project from countries across Europe were also invited to testdrive the cars during the afternoon. On Saturday, the London public ride & drive took place near Waterloo Station and Royal Festival Hall on the South Bank (London Eye). The location benefitted from high public footfall and good weather. The public were given the opportunity to drive a circuit which took in several famous London landmarks including Parliament Square for experiences which were very well-received, without incident and, in some cases, infected with enthusiasm. Many commented on the easy and smooth driving experience.
Testdrive of all fuel cell vehicles next to City Hall
The location was next to the route of one of London’s public hydrogen buses, providing a compelling vision of clean and green transport as the FCEVs and buses passed one another silently. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 41
Should a future public ride & drive be organised in London, consideration should be given to a location where the public gather (such as a public square) rather than pass-by in numbers. (Several sites were unavailable this year due to mopping-up activities after the Olympics.) However, and remarkably, the public event did attract the grandson of Francis Bacon (the UK scientist who developed the first industrial fuel cell in the 1950s and which was later used by NASA for the Moon Missions) who happened to be passing-by.
5.9 Copenhagen Copenhagen: Green city with high ambitions to become emission free until 2025 with major efforts on their way The special highlight of the Copenhagen event was that on 9th October representatives from politics (Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) and automobile industry (Honda, Hyundai, Nissan and Toyota) jointly signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) preparing for a commercialization of fuel cell cars by rolling out cars and required refuelling infrastructure in coordination. Even though this event had not been prepared by the H2mS project it served as a perfect input to next day’s hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle expert workshop.
Signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between political representatives and stakeholders from the Nordic countries and international automobile companies: Top row: Flemming Wennike / Hydrogen Link (Denmark), Bjørn Simonsen / HyNor (Norway), Björn Aronsson / Hydrogen Sweden, Jon Bjørn Skulason / Iceland New Energy, Mikael Sloth / H2 Logic A/S (Denmark), Mitsuhiro Ueno – President / Honda R&D Europe GmbH, Seung Wook Yang - President / Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center, Ulf Hafseld - Director / HYOP AS (Norway), Jacob Krogsgaard - Director / H2 Logic A/S & Copenhagen Hydrogen Network A/S (Denmark); Bottom row: Henrik Dam Kristensen - Minister of Transport of Denmark, Bo Diczfalusy – Director / Directorate of Sustainable Energy, Policy and Technology, International Energy Agency, Katsuhiko Hirose - Managing Officer / Toyota Motor Corporation, Tim Dunn - Head of Advanced Engineering / Nissan Technical Centre Europe EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 42
Also, the signature event was accompanied by a ride& drive event not only for the VIP guests but also for the public. The idea was to make VIP events for opinion makers but also for future customers by visiting universities where local collaboration projects are ongoing. The fuel cell cars visited the Technical University of Denmark, Sahle High School, The Danish Car Importers Association, Taxa 4x35 Company, the Danish Society of Engineers, the Danish Energy Association and the Danish Transport Authority for a Ride&Drive. The idea of letting the future engineers at the university go for a Ride&Drive with the fuel cell cars turned out to be a big success. The interest was massive, and during the 1 ½ hours we visited the school 42 students enjoyed to drive the four cars, often with some friends in the back seat. At Taxa 4x35, one of Copenhagen´s taxi companies, we were met by happy faces and big curiosity – for us and our guests this was a special day at work. Not all drivers were available – most of them were for natural reasons out for driving customers - but all available drivers took the opportunity to drive, and the satisfaction was great. Representatives from the Danish Society of Engineers were offered to test drive for 1 ½ hour after lunchtime. The drivers did also have the opportunity to refuel the cars at the H2Logic moveable refueling station, which was stationed at the site at Kalvebod Brygge. Danish press and some VIP persons also attended and experienced the cars. The test drives were continued the next day, when about 20 drivers used the vehicles for a total of 24 individual rides. On the last event day of the European Hydrogen Road Tour, about 80 guests gathered at the Society of Danish Engineers in Copenhagen. Representatives from industry, government, hydrogen initiatives, universities and the press met to exchange their views and share insights on next steps to introduce fuel cells and hydrogen in transport. A unique detail of this Road Tour event was that a representative from a national Oil Industry Association provided his insights to fuel cells and hydrogen for transport. After a warm welcome from the event host Ole Balslev (Chairman of Automotive Section – The Danish Society of Engineers) the project H2moves Scandinavia and the four participating OEMs presented their companies’ views on “FCEV commercialization status & plans”. Even after 4 weeks of discussions the questions & answers session revealed that questions yet unheard came up as a pleasant surprise to the project partners. Automobile industry again reported about the clear evidence of how far the technology has progressed. One presenter told the story of how the low temperature capability was reached and when it was understood that ‘engineers cannot beat physics’ (freezing of water) an adapted approach of water draining was developed. In the strive for the electric vehicle which will be fully accepted by the EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 43 customers, the OEMs insisted on the fuel cell technology avoiding Marie Antoniette’s idiom “if there is no bread eat cake instead” which will not be an acceptable solution.
Hydrogen Workshop at Ingeniørens Hus in Copenhagen 10th October: front row 2nd left: Ulf Hafseld / HYOP, Bjørn Simonsen / HyNor, Thomas Brachmann / Honda, Ronald Grasman / Daimler, 2nd row right: Björn Aronsson / Hydrogen Sweden
One of these questions was about the fuel cell deterioration with respect to calendar lifetime of the FCEVs or more precisely the fuel cell stacks themselves. All OEMs unanimously provided the same answer: The lifetime of a fuel cell has been greatly improved and is now achieving vehicle life. In tests where fuel cells were stored for a couple of years, little deterioration could be detected. Another question addressed a comparison of development expenditures for fuel cell and conventional internal combustion engines. Here the reply was that the question had to be understood as being of rhetoric nature: how could a development period of 100 years (combustion engine) be compared with development period of 15 years (fuel cell)? Of course, not at all! And finally, the question why automobile industry would not pursue onboard reforming with the beauty of liquid fuels onboard was answered that the challenges were found to be in the complexity, maintainability, difficult dynamics and high specific costs of this high unit production component as compared to large scale central but stationary reforming. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 44
Test driving fuel cell cars in Copenhagen: The Toyota FCV adv to be refuelled at the moveable refueller of H2moves Scandinavia project partner H2 Logic / Denmark
The second session with regional contributions from Norway, Sweden and Denmark specifically addressed the issue of “Infrastructure status & plans throughout Scandinavia”. For customers’ convenience, a focused retail unit has been established earlier this year by the name of HYOP. The goal is that all existing stations should be open 24 hours and 7 days a week and hydrogen should be paid for with regular credit card. Also, the Norwegian HRS infrastructure is to be expanded. Now, there are 21 FCEVs at the moment plus 5 CHIC fuel cell busses. During the pre-commercial phase, a viable business model will be developed. To fuel 10,000 cars, 20-30 stations are needed in Oslo and vicinity. There is the possibility to build stations and gradually extend them with a modular system adapting the size to the growing hydrogen demand, greatly reducing costs. The hydrogen strategies in Sweden are carried on by Hydrogen Sweden as NGO comprising 55 members from the entire fuel cell/hydrogen value chain: industry, transportation, energy, consultancy & engineering, universities & institutes as well as public organizations. Even though full governmental support is missing, a total of 100 organization are involved in hydrogen activities in one or the other way across all of Sweden. As part of the Next Move project a joint vehicle tender from Sweden, Denmark and Norway for FCEVs has been issued. This tender will, among other also co-fund the 15 Hyundai ix35 FCEV for Copenhagen in the HyTEC project in April 2013. About 5 FCEVs are going to each, Norway and Sweden. A highly visible focus for early HRS infrastructure roll out in Sweden is the corridor highway from Oslo (Norway) to Copenhagen (Denmark) which also includes the western coastline of Sweden. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 45
Finally, Denmark’s highly ambitious vision for a hydrogen infrastructure roll out by 2050 is to supply 95% zero emission cars. Following automobile industry’s guidance this will possibly be achieved by an equal share of battery (short range) and fuel cell (medium to long range) electric vehicles. Today, there are 3 HRS in Denmark, but only one of these has latest pre-cooling, 700 bar technology. Until 2015, a network of stations shall be erected in Denmark to become denser in the following years. A cash flow assessment showed that from 2025 onwards commercial business can be expected. As Denmark profits from a perfect wind energy potential, the hydrogen stations are supposed to be supplied by onsite hydrogen production. Today, Denmark has about 2,000 gasoline stations to supply about 2.1 million passenger cars, yielding a ratio of 1,000 cars per station which is much higher than the average fuel station density in Europe (Germany: about 3,000 cars per station). It is anticipated that a network of 450 hydrogen refuelling station will allow a full coverage of the country then growing further if hydrogen has kicked off as a major fuel. A fairly recent development, which has also been taken up by Danish actors, is the economic improvement of the use of hydrogen as vehicle fuel and storage medium at large scale, levelling out fluctuating renewable electricity. Among others, the audience was keen to understand the societal costs for the required fuelling infrastructure. It was pointed out that a (cheap) bottle of wine per inhabitant per year would cover the initial development costs. In comparison about 1,000 hydrogen refuelling stations are needed for base coverage and to cover the investments about 5 % of the vehicles’ price tag could pay for this early roll-out. Another question addressed whether industry believed that home refuelling stations would ever become competitive for individual households. Although not being an issue for some of the stakeholders at all (‘even a washing machine is seen as a product too complex to be operated in each single household’), one automobile manufacturer thought the fuel cell could become an option for collective fuel supply for new residential projects in the form of energy stations, including stationary fuel cells for energy co-generation, serving several households. A rhetoric question was answered as expected pointing out at the economic synergy of using fork lift truck refuelling stations to simultaneously providing public hydrogen fuel.
The last session was focusing on “Outside views on hydrogen & electro-mobility”. A representative from the City of Copenhagen presented the ambitious efforts that are being undertaken to improve today’s unsustainable transport in Copenhagen (local and GHG emissions, noise and congestion) in a city posed to grow from 500 to 600 thousand inhabitants by 2015. The general goal of the “Copenhagen 2025 Climate
Plan” aims to reduce CO2 emissions for Copenhagen to zero by 2025. 200 - 250 billion DKK and about 28,000-35,000 FTE (full time equivalent) of manpower are EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 46
earmarked to solve the challenges. 11% of the total CO2 reduction needs to be provided from the transport sector. Clean fuels are but just one option to solve the environmental and sustainability challenges. The vision is that an equal share of 1/3 will finally be shouldered by bicycles, public transport as well as individual cars. To enable the fuel cell vehicle market to kick off, three 700 bar hydrogen refuelling stations of latest design HRS are to be built in Copenhagen until 2015. Also, by 2015
(!) the municipal car fleet should be composed of 85% CO2 free vehicles with batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. The questions from the audience addressed the issue of congestion charges in Copenhagen resembling those for London, only exempting electric cars. Even though the Copenhagen City Council is in favour of such a solution and different from London, Copenhagen alone cannot enact such a regulation as this would have to be decided at national level. The clear statement of the Danish Oil Industry Association was that hydrogen as one optional alternative fuels of the future in need to demonstrate the performance of fossil based fuels today. Based on its insights (drivability, comfort, reach, refuellability, economy, ecologic performance, etc.), hydrogen fuelled fuel cell cars already today offer a relevant perspective even though several ‘bugs’ need to be solved (costs and infrastructure, safety perception in the public). From their view, hydrogen should be produced from renewable and sustainable sources at affordable costs and profitable for industry. A (rhetoric) question from the audience touched on the issue whether the societal costs of fossil energy imports, instead of creating value within Denmark and Scandinavia have already been addressed. Also, one opinion was that a ‘black & white’ approach should be avoided of e.g. ‘only hydrogen from renewable’ versus ‘a cost and ecological impact’ approach which would allow growing quantities of renewable hydrogen to enter the market. This would truly reflect the universality of hydrogen as alternative vehicle fuel and energy carrier.
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6 Road Tour Statistics
Tabled overview of all single events (from chapter 2):
Total
Hamburg Hannover Bolzano Paris Cardiff Bristol Swindon London Copenhagen
Workshop X X X X X X X X 8
Participants: VIP event 40 80 140 40 50 20 50 50 140 610 Public event 130 - 900 850 100 - 150 200 110 2440 Total 170 80 1040 890 150 20 200 250 250 3050
Panel discussion X X X X X X X 7
VIP testdrive X X X X X X X X X 9
Testdrive X X X X X X X X X 9
Ride &Drive: Drivers 59 39 312 112 21 18 29 48 82 720 Riders 60 30 300 74 14 10 20 46 26 580 Total 119 69 612 186 35 28 49 92 108 1300
Refuelling* HRS MHRS MHRS HRS MHRS
Press event X X X X X X X X 8
H2mS presentation X X X X X X X X X 9
Video X X X X X X X X X 9
Other Dolomite Invisible MoU Rally car
* HRS – stationary hydrogen refuelling station, MHRS – moveable hydrogen refuelling station (H2 Logic: Hannover, Copenhagen, Air Liquide: Paris)
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7 Key Insights
In a nutshell, the EU Road Tour has revealed strategic insights documented in this paper: • The EU Road Tour was not only a passive instrument, it is believed that it contributed actively to multi-regional opinion shaping concerning the status and goals of deployment of automotive fuel cells across Europe. The EU Road Tour became Europe’s major demonstration event in 2012. • Even though Germany had a central role in the deployment strategy until now, Scandinavia is a preferred region not only because the vehicle sales taxation provide a cutting edge in early market financing, but also due to its strategic political commitment and ample renewable energy potential. • In order to avoid the hen and egg dilemma of “cars or infrastructure first” the hydrogen infrastructure roll out needs to be coordinated with the one for the fuel cell vehicles. In the short term, three risks have to be overcome: an initial investment risk, a market risk and the first mover disadvantage. Initiatives such as H2 Mobility have shown that public private partnerships are a suitable instrument to address these risks with examples in the UK, France, Denmark and in Norway. • Continuity of industry’s engagement and of political support is the most important ingredient to establish a solid regional commercialization strategy for fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure. Another one is value creation in the relevant region in at least one element along the hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle supply chain. Another important aspect of value creation was seen in its shifting focus to avoid large scale fossil energy imports in the future. • Further regions with specific industrial and political support were found to belong to the fast followers offering the relevant framework to participate in the early transition-phase of fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure roll out, such as the UK and northern Italy. To get further regions involved, demonstration projects will remain a key ingredient of commercialization also in the coming years, but can only be successful if followed by industrial implementation plans. • Some key conditions to become eligible as demonstration regions were identified: o Existence of approval/admission/certification procedures/regulations, o Preparedness of the city/municipality to take up FCEVs in significant numbers (the first ‘commercial’ fuel cell electric vehicles are posed to arrive by 2015+ and need to find customers in the ten thousands) and o Visible trend of re-urbanisation region/municipality. Also, it would accelerate market introduction, if the financing sector would engage in the commercialisation of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure. EU Hydrogen Road Tour_2012-10-24.doc 24/10/2012 49
• Major ambitions in favour of fuel cell cars are fuel diversification, introduction of renewable energy into the transport sector and universality of fuel cell cars. In the future, also economic synergies for a wider use of hydrogen beyond that one of a transport fuel, i.e. for large scale electricity storage and for industry use, need to be explored further. Another option is the use of decentral energy storage for load levelling and powering cars and homes. • Fuel cell electric vehicles need to be understood as the ‘better electric mobility’ without range anxiety and long recharging times. They can offer politics the much appreciated solution of non-inner city based e-mobility (additional comfort with reduced noise) at lower long-term infrastructure costs. Yet, its needs to be explained to the public that FCEVs are beneficial to the environment but will also be attractively priced for the markets. • Concerning public perception it was felt that the fuel cell car market needs to be opened not only by rational arguments, but also by building on emotions, much like in today’s vehicle sales (“let’s not do FC technology ‘to’ them, but let’s do it ‘with and for’ them”). Even though vehicles and infrastructure are probably safer than gasoline vehicles safety needs to be addressed in the public. Most fuel cell vehicle test drivers forgot about it once they had experienced to drive one themselves. • Using the example of electric vehicles using Oslo bus lanes or specifically designated parking lots at zero costs demonstrates how non-monetary incentives can be an important ingredient to kick-start electric vehicle cars sales. Yet, saturation is to be expected and then the vehicles should have been accepted and need to be competitively priced.
Innovative roll-out options should be assessed region by region for their feasibility to reduce total early total costs for the operators and automobile or hydrogen supply industry and the potential to quantify qualitative environmental contributions, such as • Packaged approach: fuel cell cars and hydrogen refuelling stations for vehicle fleets (fewer stations, increased utilization, guaranteed vehicle sales to boost series production) and • Goal oriented approach: Apply vehicles for highest policy impact (delivery vehicles or taxis with primarily inner city driving, remuneration of environmental impact).
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8 Links
Website: www.scandinavianhydrogen.org/H2moves Videos: www.youtube.com/H2movesScandinavia Photos: www.flickr.com/H2moves_scandinavia Facebook: www.facebook.com/H2movesScandinavia
Press list with links to all articles are listed in a separate document from which they can be downloaded directly. This document is also available from the project webpage.