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Iea-Advanced Motor Fuels Annual Report 2012

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Iea-Advanced Motor Fuels Annual Report 2012 IEA Implementing Agreement for Advanced Motor Fuels Annual Report 2012 The AMF IA, also known as the Implementing Agreement for Advanced Motor Fuels, functions within a framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of AMF IA do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of all its individual member countries. Rainbow Spine: The color of the spine of AMF Annual Reports follows the colors of the rainbow. This allows to easily distinguish yearly editions from one another. The 2010 edition of the AMF Annual Report had a blue cover, the 2011 edition a green one. This year´s edition uses a very light green and will be followed by a yellow and a red edition for 2013 and 2014. The next working period of AMF, which will start in 2015, will then start again with the first color of the rainbow: violet. This year´s light green color stands for the environment, which AMF wishes to protect by avoiding GHG emissions and local pollutants through the use of advanced motor fuels in modern engines. Cover Photo: Triple biofuels dispenser at Baca Street Biofuels Stations Credit: Charles Bensinger, NREL (http://images.nrel.gov/search.php?searchField=ALL&searchstring=biofuels+dispenser) International Energy Agency Advanced Motor Fuels Annual Report 2012 This Annual Report was produced by Kevin A. Brown (project coordination/management, editing), Linda Conlin (document production), Florence Henning (editing), Patricia Hollopeter (editing), Andrea Manning (editing), Marita Moniger (editing), and Gary Weidner (printing) of Argonne National Laboratory. The cover was designed by Sana Sandler, also of Argonne National Laboratory. Contributions were made by a team of authors from the Advanced Motor Fuels Implementing Agreement: Country reports were delivered by the Contracting Parties: Austria Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure and Technology (BMVIT) Canada CanmetENERGY China China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC) Denmark Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Finland The Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) France ADEME Germany Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohsoffe (FNR) Israel Ministry of Energy and Water Resources Italy ENI S.p.A. Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Organization for the Promotion of Low Emission Vehicles (LEVO) Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) Spain Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía (IDAE) Sweden Swedish Transport Administration (STA) Switzerland Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) United States United States Department of Energy (DOE) of America Annex reports were delivered by the respective Operating Agents and Responsible Experts: Annex 28 Information Service & AMF Website Dina Bacovsky Päivi Aakko-Saksa Annex 35-2 Particulate Measurements: Ethanol and Butanol in DISI Debbie Rosenblatt Engines Annex 38 Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Vehicles in Real Norifumi Traffic Conditions Mizushima Annex 39-2 Enhanced Emission Performance of HD Methane Olle Hadell Engines (Phase 2) Annex 41 Alternative Fuels for Marine Applications Ralph McGill Annex 42 Toxicity of Exhaust Gases and Particles from IC-Engines Jan Czerwinski — International Activities Survey (EngToxIn) Annex 43 Performance Evaluation of Passenger Car, Fuel, and Jukka Nuottimäki Power Plant Options Annex 44 Research on Unregulated Pollutant Emissions of Vehicles Kewei You Fueled with Alcohol Alternative Fuels Annex 45 Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Algae-HVO and Benjamin Stengel eFAME for Engine Operation Annex 46 Alcohol Application in CI Engines Jesper Schramm Other sections of this report were delivered by the Chair and the Secretary: Sandra Hermle Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) ExCo Chair Dina Bacovsky BIOENERGY 2020+ Secretary Contents 1 Advanced Motor Fuels Implementing Agreement ......................................... 1 1.a Chairperson’s Message ........................................................................ 1 1.b Introduction to the International Energy Agency ................................. 5 1.c Implementing Agreement for Advanced Motor Fuels ......................... 6 1.d How to Join the Advanced Motor Fuels Implementing Agreement ............................................................................................ 9 2 The Global Situation for Advanced Motor Fuels ......................................... 11 2.a Overview of Advanced Motor Fuels .................................................. 11 2.b Country Reports of AMF Member Countries .................................... 15 Austria ................................................................................................ 16 Canada ............................................................................................... 25 China .................................................................................................. 36 Denmark ............................................................................................ 43 Finland ............................................................................................... 52 France ................................................................................................ 63 Germany ............................................................................................ 72 Israel .................................................................................................. 78 Italy .................................................................................................... 81 Japan .................................................................................................. 90 Republic of Korea .............................................................................. 99 Spain ................................................................................................ 102 Sweden ............................................................................................. 106 Switzerland ...................................................................................... 113 United States of America ................................................................. 121 3 Ongoing AMF Annexes ............................................................................. 131 3.a Overview of Annexes ...................................................................... 131 Ongoing Annexes ............................................................................ 131 Recently Completed Annexes .......................................................... 131 3.b Annex Reports ................................................................................. 132 Annex 28: Information Service & AMF Website ............................ 132 Annex 35: Ethanol as Motor Fuel Sub-task 2: Particulate Measurements: Ethanol and Butanol in DISI Engines .................................................................................... 135 Annex 38: Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Vehicles in Real Traffic Conditions.................................................................... 142 Annex 39: Enhanced Emission Performance of HD Methane Engines (Phase 2) ............................................................................. 146 i Annex 41: Alternative Fuels for Marine Applications ..................... 151 Annex 42: Toxicity of Exhaust Gases and Particles from IC-Engines — International Activities Survey (EngToxIn) ............ 153 Annex 43: Performance Evaluation of Passenger Car, Fuel, and Power Plant Options .................................................................. 155 Annex 44: Research on Unregulated Pollutant Emissions of Vehicles Fueled with Alcohol Alternative Fuels ............................. 164 Annex 45: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Algae-HVO and eFAME for Engine Operation .............................. 168 Annex 46: Alcohol Application in CI Engines ................................ 172 4 Further Information .................................................................................... 177 4.a AMF ExCo Meetings ....................................................................... 177 4.b AMF Contact Information ............................................................... 184 4.b.i Delegates and Alternates ................................................... 184 4.b.ii Representatives of Operating Agents ................................ 185 4.b.iii Chairs and Secretariat ....................................................... 185 4.c AMF Publications in 2012 ............................................................... 186 Glossary ............................................................................................................ 187 Notation and Units of Measure ......................................................................... 193 ii Advanced Motor Fuels Implementing Agreement 1.a Chairperson’s Message In 2009, the transport sector accounted for approximately one-fifth of global primary energy use and one-quarter of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions (IEA Energy Technology Perspectives [ETP] 2012). Today, the sector still relies on oil for more than 93% of the energy it uses. And energy demand in the transport sector has increased steadily over the past years. In order to reach climate targets, immediate solutions to fuel use problems have to be found. The transport section of IEA ETP 2012 states that “the transport sector remains dependent on oil because it has high energy density and
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