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Transportation Through Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles in India

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Transportation Through Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles in India APPENDIX - VII REPORT ON TRANSPORTATION THROUGH HYDROGEN FUELLED VEHICLES IN INDIA Prepared by Sub-Committee on Transportation through Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles of the Steering Committee on Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, New Delhi June, 2016 PREFACE In the present scenario, transportation sector is the lifeline of any economy but it is a major contributor to air pollution and greenhouse gas effect, causing health hazardous to living beings and increases earth’s atmospheric temperature (which result melting of glaciers and rise of water level in seas / ocean) respectively. The reserves of conventional sources of energy like coal and petroleum will rapidly be depleted due to continuous increasing energy demand. The transportation sector can alternatively be managed with hydrogen as fuel, which emits only water vapours and conventional sources of energy may be utilized for non-energy purpose. The hydrogen fueled vehicles based on internal combustion and fuel cell based technology (known as Zero Emission Vehicles) have been developed decades ago and are under demonstration in many countries. However, the industry experienced ups and downs in the interest of these vehicles due to various international reasons. In view of the climate change, it is becoming compulsive to promote carbon based to carbon neutral technologies. India is also concerned about its contribution to climate change and therefore has been giving significant impetus to generation & usage of new and renewable energy e.g. solar and wind. Hydrogen energy has also been a focus of attention for quite some time. Unfortunately, required emphasis could not be given primarily due to resource crunch and therefore the progress is lagging far behind in the global race. Under this premises, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India constituted a high power Steering Committee to prepare a status report and way forward for hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology in this country. One of the five sub- committees was entrusted under my chairmanship with the responsibility of preparing this particular document concerning Transportation through Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles in India. I am indebted to the members of the Sub-Committee, Special Invitees for their contribution, Dr. M. R. Nouni, Scientist ‘G’, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, the officials of the Project Management Unit – Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells at the Ministry, Dr. Jugal Kishor and Dr. S. K. Sharma in particular for their active role in organizing the meetings and for coordination amongst different sub-committees. I also extend my compliments to Mr. Alok Sharma and Mr. Sachin Chugh from Indian Oil R&D Centre for assisting the committee in preparing this document. ….June, 2016 (Dr. R. K. Malhotra), Chairman, Sub-Committee on Transportation through Hydrogen fuelled Vehicles CONTENTS S. No. Subject Page No. I Composition of Sub-Committee on Transportation through i Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles II Terms of Reference iii III Meetings of Sub-Committees on Transportation through iv Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles 1 Executive Summary 1 2 Introduction 19 3 Hydrogen fuelled Internal Combustion Engines 29 4 Hydrogen fuelled Vehicles based on Fuel Cell Technology 101 5 Testing, Standards, Codes and Regulations for Hydrogen 127 Vehicles 6 Gap Identification & Analysis 147 7 Action Plan and Financial Projections Time Schedule 153 8 Institutions involved in the development of the products / 173 processes and infrastructure to be created 9 Conclusion and Recommendations 181 10 Bibliography 197 I. Composition of Sub-Committee for Transportation through Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles 1. Dr. R. K. Malhotra, Director, IOCL R&D, Faridabad, Harayana (Retired on 30.06.2014) and currently, Director General, Petroleum Federation of India, New Delhi – Chairman 2. Ms. Varsha Joshi, Joint Secretary / Shri A. K. Dhussa, Adviser (December, 2013 to March, 2015) / Dr. Bibek Bandyopadhyay, Adviser (upto December, 2013), MNRE 3. Shri K. K. Gandhi, Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturers (SIAM), New Delhi 4. Dr. R K Malhotra, Director IOCL R&D, Faridabad also as Representative of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, New Delhi 5. Dr. S. Aravamuthan, Sci. Engr. ‘H’ & Deputy Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (Indian Space Research Organization), Thiruvanthapuram 6. Dr. S. S. Thipse, Deputy Director, Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune 7. Dr. Mathew Abraham, Senior General Manager, Alternative Fuel Technology Mahindra & Mahindra, Chennai 8. Dr. Raja Munusamy, Assistant General Manager, Engineering Research Centre, Tata Motors Ltd., Mumbai 9. Prof. A. Ramesh, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 10. Shri D. K. Gupta / Shri P. C. Srivastava (Retired on 30.06.2015), Joint Chief Controller of Explosives Petroleum Explosives & Safety Organization (PESO), Nagpur 11. Dr. R.S. Hastak, Outstanding Scientist and Director, Naval Materials Research Laboratory (Defence Research & Development Organization), Ambarnath, Maharastra 12. Shri Sanjay Bandyopadhyay, National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRIP), New Delhi / Shri Neeraj Kumar, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, (Repatriated to i Parent Department in January, 2015) / Shri Nitin R. Gokarn, NATRIP, New Delhi (Repatriated in June, 2014 to Parent Cadre) 13. Shri PPG Sarma, Chief Executive Officer, GSPC Gas Company Limited, Gandhinagar 14. Dr. Hari Om Yadav, Scientist, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi 15. Representatives of Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd. and Ashok Leyland Special Invitees 16. Prof. L. M. Das, (Retired on 30.06.2014) and currently Emeritus Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 17. Dr. K. S. Dhathathreyan, Head, Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, Chennai (Retired on 31.01.2016) 18. Shri N. K. Sharma, Scientist ‘F’, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi 19. Dr Bala Raghupathy, Renault – Nissan India 20. Mr. Ravi Subramaniam / Mr. Piyush Katakwar Air Products, Pune ii II. Terms of Reference 1. To assess national and international technological status in the area of internal combustion engine and fuel cell based transport applications. 2. To specify the technologies to be developed within the country for niche transport applications and strategy to be adopted for the same. 3. To identify gaps and suggest strategy to fill-up the gaps and quickly develop in-house technologies with involvement of industries or acquiring technologies from abroad. 4. To suggest demonstration projects to be taken up with industry and infrastructure development required to be created for such projects. 5. To identify different stakeholders for implementation of such projects. 6. To examine regulatory issues related to transport sector such as notifying hydrogen / hydrogen blended fuel as automotive fuels, on-board storage of such fuels, use of composite cylinders for storage of fuels as per international practices, type approval of vehicles using such fuels, setting-up of refueling stations of such fuels etc. 7. To identify institutes to be supported for augmenting infrastructure for development and testing of hydrogen / hydrogen blends fuelled vehicles including setting-up of Centre(s) of Excellence and suggest specific support to be provided. 8. To suggest strategy for undertaking collaborative projects among leading Indian academic institutions, research organizations and industry in the area of hydrogen fuelled vehicles. 9. To re-visit National Hydrogen Energy Road Map with reference to transport sector. Note: In the 5th meeting of the Steering Committee on Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells held on 11.08.2015 in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, it was decided that in order to fill the gap between international and national state of art technologies, the projects may be identified in three categories viz. Mission iii Mode, Research and Development and Basic / Fundamental Research instead of re-visiting of National Hydrogen Energy Road Map. III. Details of the Meetings of Sub-Committee on Transportation through Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles The Sub-Committee on Transportation through Hydrogen fuelled Vehicles met first time on 26.08.2013 to have presentations by expert members / special invitees and discussions. Since all the members could not make it to attend this meeting, second meeting was organized on 13.09.2013 to have remaining presentations and discussions. The report was drafted based on the input received from the members / special invitees of the Sub-Committee and presented before the Steering Committee on Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells in its 3rd meeting held on 26.03.2015. The Steering Committee made some suggestions. To incorporate these suggestions in the draft report, Sub- Committee on Transportation (through Hydrogen fuelled Vehicles) met on 24.09.2014. The Steering Committee further requested the Chairpersons of all the five Sub-Committees to meet and discuss uniformity of the reports and alignment of outcome of the reports. Accordingly, the report was again modified based on the suggestions given / decisions taken in the meetings of the Chairpersons of the Sub-Committees held on 11.09.2015, 16.12.2015 and 18.01.2016. iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2 1.0 Executive Summary 1.1 Emerging Electric-mobility Options In the quest to move away from an ever-depleting reserve of fossil fuels, efforts are required to investigate alternative solutions for achieving sustainable growth. The transport sector is the
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