Annual Report 2006
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Price Forecast June 30, 2015 Contents
Resource Evaluation & Advisory Price forecast June 30, 2015 Contents Canadian price forecast 1 International price forecast 5 Global outlook 6 Western Canada royalty comparison 8 Pricing philosophy 11 Glossary 12 Canadian domestic price forecast Forecast commentary Andrew Botterill Senior Manager, Resource Evaluation & Advisory “Everything is in a state of fl ux, including status quo” - Robert Byrne As industry adjusts to the “new normal” we have analyzed This narrowing has been most notable on the heavy oil in our last two forecasts, activities in the energy sector side, where diff erentials have decreased more than 30 per are beginning to demonstrate a cautious, but optimistic cent compared with where they were in summer 2014. view of the future. While not anticipating $100 oil in the With greater than 60 per cent of Canadian production near term, these views show an expectation industry will being from oil sands (CAPP 2015 forecast report) the bring a more focused approach to North American oil narrowing of heavy diff erentials is welcome news to much development within the coming 12 to 18 months. of the sector. In recent weeks, the WTI to heavy diff erential has been narrower than we have seen recently as In recent weeks, Canadian-received oil prices have been production from some projects was shut-in due to wildfi res stronger relative to the beginning of the year, with daily in northern Alberta. The shut-in production has since been WTI settlements hovering around $60/bbl USD and brought back on-stream, which has slowed the narrowing Canadian Light settlements greater than $70/bbl CAD. -
Flexible Production of Hydrogen from Sun and Wind: Challenges and Experiences
Flexible Production of Hydrogen from Sun and Wind: Chal- lenges and Experiences H. J. Fell, P. Chladek, O. Wallevik, S. T. Briskeby This document appeared in Detlef Stolten, Thomas Grube (Eds.): 18th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010 - WHEC 2010 Parallel Sessions Book 3: Hydrogen Production Technologies - Part 2 Proceedings of the WHEC, May 16.-21. 2010, Essen Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich / Energy & Environment, Vol. 78-3 Institute of Energy Research - Fuel Cells (IEF-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, 2010 ISBN: 978-3-89336-653-8 Proceedings WHEC2010 113 Flexible Production of Hydrogen from Sun and Wind: Challenges and Experiences Hans Jörg Fell, Petr Chladek, Hydrogen Technologies, N-3908 Porsgrunn, Norway Oddmund Wallevik, Stein Trygve Briskeby, Statoil, Research Centre Porsgrunn, N-3908 Porsgrunn, Norway 1 Introduction With the looming threat of global climate change and progressing depletion of fossil fuels, renewable power sources, especially wind and solar, experienced an economic boom in the past decade [1, 2]. Both wind and sun supply significant amount of electrical power without generating any pollution during the operation. Unfortunately, both sources generate power of intermittent nature, regardless of the demand, which consequently stresses the existing electrical grid. To mitigate this drawback, renewable energy needs to be converted into a storable intermediate, which could be used in the times of electricity peaks or alternatively used as a fuel for vehicles. The energy carrier of choice is hydrogen produced by water electrolysis [3, 4]. Water electrolysis is a well-established method of producing hydrogen and an ideal candidate due to the general availability of water, scalability of the electrolysis plant and zero-emission production of hydrogen. -
The Price of Oil Risk
The Price of Oil Risk Steven D. Baker,∗ Bryan R. Routledge,y [February 10, 2017] Abstract We solve a Pareto risk-sharing problem for two agents with heterogeneous re- cursive utility over two goods: oil, and a general consumption good. Using the optimal consumption allocation, we derive a pricing kernel and the price of oil and related futures contracts. This gives us insight into the dynamics of prices and risk premia. We compute portfolios that implement the optimal consumption policies, and demonstrate that large and variable open interest is a property of optimal risk-sharing. A numerical example of our model shows that rising open interest and falling oil risk premium are an outcome of the dynamic properties of the optimal risk sharing solution. ∗ McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia; [email protected]. y Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University; [email protected]. 1 Introduction The spot price of crude oil, and commodities in general, experienced a dramatic price increase in the summer of 2008. For oil, the spot price peaked in early July 2008 at $145.31 per barrel (see Figure 1). In real-terms, this price spike exceeded both of the OPEC price shocks of 1970's and has lasted much longer than the price spike at the time of the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in the summer of 1990. The run-up to the July 2008 price of oil begins around 2004. Buyuksahin, Haigh, Harris, Overdahl, and Robe (2011) and Hamilton and Wu (2014) identify a structural change in the behavior of oil prices around 2004. -
Exploration and Production
2006-2009 Triennium Work Report October 2009 WORKING COMMITTEE 1: EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION Chair: Vladimir Yakushev Russia 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction SG 1.1 “Remaining conventional world gas resources and technological challenges for their development” report SG 1.2 “Difficult reservoirs and unconventional natural gas resources” report 2 INTRODUCTION Reliable natural gas supply becomes more and more important for world energy sector development. Especially this is visible in regions, where old and sophisticated gas infrastructure is a considerable part of regional industry and its stable work is necessary for successful economy development. In the same time such regions often are already poor by conventional gas reserves or have no more such reserves. And there is need for searching new sources of natural gas. This is challenge for exploration and production of natural gas requiring reviewing strategies of their development in near future. The most important questions are: how much gas still we can get from mature areas (and by what means), and how much gas we can get from difficult reservoirs and unconventional gas sources? From this point of view IGU Working Committee 1 (Exploration and Production of Natural Gas) has established for the triennium 2006-2009 two Study Groups: “Remaining conventional world gas resources and technological challenges for their development” and “Difficult reservoirs and unconventional natural gas resources”. The purposes for the first Group study were to make definition of such important term now using in gas industry like “mature area”, to show current situation with reserves and production in mature areas and forecast of future development, situation with modern technologies of produced gas monetization, Arctic gas prospects, special attention was paid to large Shtokman project. -
The Impact of the U.S Fracking Boom on the Price of Oil and on Arab Oil Producers
The Impact of the U.S Fracking Boom on the Price of Oil and on Arab Oil Producers Lutz Kilian University of Michigan CEPR Background ● Shale oil production became possible because of technological innovation (horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), microseismic imaging). ● The rapid expansion of U.S. shale oil production was stimulated by the high price of conventional crude oil after 2003, which made this new technology competitive. ● Since then efficiency gains in shale oil production have lowered its cost, allowing continued production at much lower oil prices. ● Because the price of oil has remained low since 2015, shale oil producers are experiencing increased operating losses and financial stress. The Role of Refineries ● Crude oil is being consumed by refineries that turn crude oil into refined products such as gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuel and heavy fuel oil. ● Not all refineries are alike. Their technical configuration determines which type of crude oil they can process. ● Changing an existing configuration is costly. The Refining Industry in Transition A few years ago, the global refining industry expected a growing shortage of light sweet crude oil worldwide: 1. Refiners along the Texas Gulf Coast invested in new technology that allowed them to become the world leader in processing heavier crudes. This allowed them to process lower priced crudes imported from Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Mexico. 2. Refiners along the East Coast began to shut down existing refineries for light sweet crude oil in anticipation of a growing shortage of light sweet crude oil. The Glut That No One Saw Coming After 2010 shale oil was shipped in ever increasing quantities from the interior of the country to the U.S. -
Königs-Und Fürstenhäuser Aktuelle Staatsführungen DYNASTIEN
GESCHICHTE und politische Bildung STAATSOBERHÄUPTER (bis 2019) Dynastien Bedeutende Herrscher und Regierungschefs europ.Staaten seit dem Mittelalter Königs-und Fürstenhäuser Aktuelle Staatsführungen DYNASTIEN Römisches Reich Hl. Römisches Reich Fränkisches Reich Bayern Preussen Frankreich Spanien Portugal Belgien Liechtenstein Luxemburg Monaco Niederlande Italien Großbritannien Dänemark Norwegen Schweden Österreich Polen Tschechien Ungarn Bulgarien Rumänien Serbien Kroatien Griechenland Russland Türkei Vorderer Orient Mittel-und Ostasien DYNASTIEN und ihre Begründer RÖMISCHES REICH 489- 1 v.Chr Julier Altrömisches Patriziergeschlecht aus Alba Longa, Stammvater Iulus, Gaius Iulius Caesar Julisch-claudische Dynastie: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero 69- 96 n.Ch Flavier Röm. Herrschergeschlecht aus Latium drei römische Kaiser: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian 96- 180 Adoptivkaiser u. Antonionische Dynastie Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Mark Aurel, Commodus 193- 235 Severer Aus Nordafrika stammend Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabal, Severus Alexander 293- 364 Constantiner (2.flavische Dynastie) Begründer: Constantius Chlorus Constantinus I., Konstantin I. der Große u.a. 364- 392 Valentinianische Dynastie Valentinian I., Valens, Gratian, Valentinian II. 379- 457 Theodosianische Dynastie Theodosius I.der Große, Honorius, Valentinian III.... 457- 515 Thrakische Dynastie Leo I., Majorian, Anthemius, Leo II., Julius Nepos, Zeno, Anastasius I. 518- 610 Justinianische Dynastie Justin I.,Justinian I.,Justin II.,Tiberios -
Enhancing the Resilience
(Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY News Special Issue Learn a little Welcome to our about Norwegian Kunnskap er makt. Education Issue! meteorites – Francis Bacon Read more on page 3 Read more on page 8 – 18 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 124 No. 7 February 22, 2013 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $1.50 per copy News in brief Find more at blog.norway.com Enhancing the resilience News The Norwegian Government has Norges Bank decided to cancel all Guinea’s debt to Norway, which amounts governor calls for to around NOK 100 million a more resilient (USD 17.2 million). Minister of International Development economy in Heikki Eidsvoll Holmås commented, “In August last year, face of Europe’s we cancelled NOK 42 million of financial crisis Guinea’s debt to Norway. I am glad that we can now cancel the rest. This means that this West STAFF COMPILATION African country can now use Norwegian American Weekly more of its income on schools and public health services without the heavy burden of debt.” In his annual address on Feb. (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 14, Central Bank governor Øystein Olsen argued for ways to enhance Culture the Norwegian economy in light of In most of Norway, schools Europe’s financial suffering. are closed the week of Feb. “Norway’s oil and gas re- 18 for the winter break. Many sources provide an economic base Norwegian families will head that few other countries enjoy. In- up to their cottage this weekend, come levels are among the highest to enjoy the peak of the skiing in the world and the people of Nor- Photo: Ståle Andersen / Norges Bank season. -
Statoil 2006 Sustainability Report
mastering challenges Statoil and sustainable development 2006 Our performance at a glance Financials1 2006 2005 2004 Total revenues 425,166 387,411 301,443 Income before financial items, other items, income taxes and minority interest 116,881 95,043 65,085 Net income 40,615 30,730 24,916 Cash flows used in investing activities 40,084 37,664 31,959 Return on average capital employed after tax 27.1% 27.6% 23.5% Operations Combined oil and gas production (thousand boe/d) 1,135 1,169 1,106 Proved oil and gas reserves (million boe) 4,185 4,295 4,289 Production cost (NOK/boe) 26.6 22.2 23.3 Reserve replacement ratio (three-year average) 0.94 1.02 1.01 Environment2 Oil spills (cubic metres) 156.7 442 186 Carbon dioxide emissions (million tonnes) 10.0 10.3 9.8 Nitrogen oxide emissions (tonnes) 31,600 34,700 31,100 Discharges of harmful chemicals (tonnes) 15 40 167 Energy consumption (TWh) 49.4 50.4 48.1 Waste recovery factor 0.73 0.76 0.76 Health and safety Total recordable injury frequency3 5.7 5.1 5.9 Serious incident frequency3 2.1 2.3 3.2 Sickness absence4 3.5 3.5 3.2 Fatalities3 0 2 3 Organisation Employee satisfaction5 4.6 4.6 4.6 Proportion of female managers6* 26% 25% 26% Union membership (per cent of workforce), Statoil ASA* 70 72 73 R&D expenditures7 1,225 1,066 1,027 1 Key figures given in NOK million 6 New reporting system implemented 2 Data cover Statoil-operated activities. -
Nordstream: an Economic and Market Analysis of the North European Pipeline Project
Riley, Nordstream: An Economic and Market Analysis of the North European Pipeline Project Nordstream: An Economic and Market Analysis of the North European Pipeline Project Professor Dr. Alan Riley, City Law School, City University, London & Associate Research Fellow, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels. 1.0 Introduction Most of the critical discussion in relation to the Nordstream project have focussed upon environmental concerns for example, the construction of the pipelines through the WWII munitions dumps in the Gulf of Finland.1 This paper takes a different approach. It instead examines the underlying economics and market context in which Nordstream will operate. It argues that the cost of Nordstream is already substantially more expensive than land based pipelines and that the costs of building the pipeline are likely to grow.2 As a consequence if the German domestic market remains substantially closed to competition German consumers particularly will face very high prices for Nordstream sourced gas. However, this paper argues that consumers are likely to be offered relief as a result of competition created by EU gas market liberalisation. The paper then argues that rather than consumers facing economic damage, it will instead be the shareholders in Nordstream, Gazprom, Gasuunie, EON and BASF who are likely to suffer3 The impact of gas market liberalisation will be to permit cheaper land based piped gas from alternative sources, for instance from the new British gas hub to flow into Germany and the rest of Europe undercutting Nordstream sourced gas and forcing Nordstream to exit the market. 1 Lips, Possible Environmental` Impacts of the Nordstream Project (2007) Presentation at the Nordstream Project Conference, (February 2007) Vilnius. -
The Norwegian Hydrogen Highway
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Juelich Shared Electronic Resources HyNor – The Norwegian Hydrogen Highway B. Simonsen, A.M. Hansen This document appeared in Detlef Stolten, Thomas Grube (Eds.): 18th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010 - WHEC 2010 Parallel Sessions Book 6: Stationary Applications / Transportation Applications Proceedings of the WHEC, May 16.-21. 2010, Essen Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich / Energy & Environment, Vol. 78-6 Institute of Energy Research - Fuel Cells (IEF-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, 2010 ISBN: 978-3-89336-656-9 Proceedings WHEC2010 241 HyNor – The Norwegian Hydrogen Highway Bjørn Simonsen, Lillestrøm Centre of Expertise, Norway Anne Marit Hansen, Statoil, Norway 1 Introduction Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy carriers which can make the transport sector emission-free. The challenges related to hydrogen as an energy carrier are however not only technical. Due to the nature and purpose of transport, a number of refueling points or hydrogen stations are needed for it to be attractive as a fuel. The cliché “chicken and egg”- situation is often used to describe the dilemma of implementing new fuels such as hydrogen. Without hydrogen stations where people can refuel the cars, it is not profitable to produce the few cars that will be needed. Without many customers asking for hydrogen fuel and very few customers actually using the existing stations, the operators of the station will not want to build more stations due to the economical loss it presents. Hydrogen has many years been looked upon as an alternative to conventional fuels, either because of energy security and/or environmental reasons. -
Plain Language in the Norwegian Financial Services
Plain Language Association International’s 11th conference Improving Customer Relationships September 21-23, 2017 University of Graz, Austria hosted by Klarsprache.at Copyright of this presentation belongs to the presenter www.plainlanguagenetwork.org Plain Language in the Norwegian financial sector Graz, 22nd September 2017 Gry Nergård, Consumer Policy Director www.finansnorge.no Introduction • Gry Nergård • Lawyer • Consumer Policy Director, Finance Norway • Former Norwegian Consumer Ombudsman www.finansnorge.no 3 Our members: • Finance Norway is the industry • Savings banks organisation for the financial • Commercial banks industry in Norway. • Life insurers • We represent about 240 financial • Non-life insurers companies with around 50,000 • Savings bank foundations employees. • Mortgage companies • Financial conglomerates • Other financial companies www.finansnorge.no Changes in the retirement pension system www.finansnorge.no The P-word www.finansnorge.no What is difficult? • Summer 2016: questionaire to 1000 consumers • Confirmed: • Economical terms are incomprehensible to most people. • In plain language: they are totaly not understandable! www.finansnorge.no Finance Norway’s Plain Language Project Main goals • Better information to consumers about retirement pension • Better choices – better pensions • Reduce capasity and costs in costumer relations • Better language culture in the companies • Reputation and trust www.finansnorge.no Working methode • Steering group • Working grpup • Bilateral cooperation between each company -
The Impact of the Decline in Oil Prices on the Economics, Politics and Oil Industry of Venezuela
THE IMPACT OF THE DECLINE IN OIL PRICES ON THE ECONOMICS, POLITICS AND OIL INDUSTRY OF VENEZUELA By Francisco Monaldi SEPTEMBER 2015 B | CHAPTER NAME ABOUT THE CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY The Center on Global Energy Policy provides independent, balanced, data-driven analysis to help policymakers navigate the complex world of energy. We approach energy as an economic, security, and environmental concern. And we draw on the resources of a world-class institution, faculty with real-world experience, and a location in the world’s finance and media capital. Visit us atenergypolicy. columbia.edu facebook.com/ColumbiaUEnergy twitter.com/ColumbiaUEnergy ABOUT THE SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS SIPA’s mission is to empower people to serve the global public interest. Our goal is to foster economic growth, sustainable development, social progress, and democratic governance by educating public policy professionals, producing policy-related research, and conveying the results to the world. Based in New York City, with a student body that is 50 percent international and educational partners in cities around the world, SIPA is the most global of public policy schools. For more information, please visit www.sipa.columbia.edu THE IMPACT OF THE DECLINE IN OIL PRICES ON THE ECONOMICS, POLITICS AND OIL INDUSTRY OF VENEZUELA By Francisco Monaldi* SEPTEMBER 2015 *Francisco Monaldi is Baker Institute Fellow in Latin American Energy Policy and Adjunct Professor of Energy Economics at Rice University, Belfer Center Associate in Geopolitics of Energy at the Harvard Kennedy School, Professor at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administracion (IESA) in Caracas, Venezuela, and Founding Director of IESA’s Center on Energy and the Environment.