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44 STAFFORD ST., TORONTO, ONT. HE Canadian trade union movement is today at T a turning point. Throughout the country governments and employ­ ers are working might and main to put labor on the defensive. To an alarming extent they have succeed­ ed in placing it in a legal strait-jacket.

I Three recent examples illustrate the trend. i The first example was the ruling of Magistrate Ellsmore in Toronto who declared that the Ontario Labor Act does not give labor the right to strike. Thus, what the trade union movement considered to be an inviolable right, has been shown to be non­ existent. This was not a crackpot ruling. It regis­ tered the fact that the Labor Act in Ontario as in all other ·provinces, is meant to curb labor, not give it any rights. The second example was a two-column editorial on the front page of the Globe and Mail, Nov. 11 1961, (Remembrance Day, mind you!) entitled, "This Strange Neutrality." The sum and substance of this editorial which dealt with the Royal York Hotel Strike was a call for legitimizing strike-breaking. Coming shortly after Magistrate Ellsmore's ruling, it constituted a demand upon the Ontario govern­ ment for legislation which would place additional curbs on the trade union movement. 3 The third and most recent example was the un­ principled and violent attack on the trade union movement in Manitoba by Mr. Justice George Eric Tischler of the Manitoba Court of Appeals in con­ nection with events around the strike at the Man­ itoba plant of Brandon Packers Ltd., and his recom­ mendation that the Manitoba Labor Act be amended .to make the trade union movement a legal entity and therefore sueable in the courts, making solidarity support in strikes illegal, and that all strike votes in the future be government-supervised. Prior to that the Liberal Newfoundland govern­ ment adopted legislation taking away the right of workers to join a union of their own choice, while in British Columbia, Bills 42 and 43, passed by a Social Credit government, not only restricted trade union rights but took away the right of workers to support a political party of their choice. In Quebec, Bills 19 and 20 are still on the statute books. Thus in province after province the democratic rights of the workers are being whittled away. Be­ hind this drive, responsible for it and leading it, is monopoly and its insatiable desire to amass even greater profits at the expense of the jobs, living standards and welfare of the working class. Employers are uniting in this attack on labor with the aim of smashing wages and destroying unions. 4 Common sense would therefore dictate that the trade union movement also unites to defend ·itself. This is now the crucial problem for the ~ganized labor movement. How do matters stand in this regard?

RETREAT OR ADVANCE? HE formation of the Canadian Labor Congress T. was looked upon by most workers as an im­ portant step forward in the consolidation of the unity of the trade union movement, ~aking possible new gains and new advances for labor. Hopes were high that the merger would result in a lessening of friction and conflict between craft and industrial unions· over questions of jurisdiction, that raiding of one union by another would stop, and that the main energies of a united trade union move~ent would be directed to organizing the millions of unorganized workers throughout Canada. For a period of time there appeared to be a les­ sening of friction and of raiding. But in the recent period the situation has taken a turn for the worse. Raiding which was frowned upon by the Canadian Labor Congress has again become official policy in a number of unions. 5 The leaders of the Carpenters' union are currently engaged in. a struggle with the International Wood­ workers of ·America as to which union will have jurisdiction over woodworkers in Newfoundland. The Seafarers International Union (SIU) has been involved in raiding operations against other unions on the Great Lakes. The Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Transport and General Workers has been in a jurisdictional and raiding action against the SIU as to which un­ ion will represent Canadian seamen. The Canadian Labor Congress has itself stepped into the picture recently and undertaken to establish a Canadian Maritime Union with the aim of chasing the SIU off the Lakes and out of Canada. In the province of Quebec a number of CLC affil­ iates have been raiding unions affiliated to the Con­ federation of National Trade Unions (CNTU) with the aim of destroying these unions as well as the CNTU as effective spokesmen for the 100,000 work­ ers they represent. The Teamsters have been expelled for raiding. The Operating Engineers have been expelled for raiding. The Lithographers are suspended. The most glaring example of raiding is the pres­ ent effort of the Canadian Congress leadership to 6 destroy the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union. It has called upon all its affiliates to back the leader-: ship of the United Steel Workers of America in this union-wrecking drive. One could cite other examples in many parts of the country. But these are sufficient to indicate the seriousness of the problem and the extent of the divisions that are developing in the Canadian Labor Congress an.d in the trade union movement generally. Union wrecking through anti-labor legislation and union wrecking through raiding - these twin evils explain why the tra~e union movement is retreating instead of advancing.

WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF RAIDING? SSENTIALLY raiding and inter-union conflict re­ E flects the capitalist practice of competition and individualism carried into the labor movement. It has nothing in common with the principles of unity, cooperation and solid~rity which constitute the foun­ dation of the trade union movement. Departure from these principles are at the root of the growing plague of raiding in Canada as well as in the USA. The forces which inspire such ugly practices are many. 7 Some of the jurisdictional and raiding activities of a number of unions stem from decisions arrived at in the USA. At the present time there is · a sharp rift within the AFL-CIO precisely on this question because the building trades 'unions have refused to recognize the jurisdiction of the industrial unions in some areas and are in a continiung running fight with them. This situation has now reached a point where questions are being raise~ within the indus­ trial unions as to whether the merger of AFL-CIO should continue on its present basis. There is the real danger that this jurisdictional dispute will spill over into Canada. It is a fact, known to many trade unionists, that many of the jurisdic­ tional squabbles and raiding activities are decided upon in the USA and brought into Canada. This is not to suggest that raiding is only a U.S. phenom­ ena. It arises also out of conditions here. In many respects it is inherent in the merger of the Trades and Labor Congress and Canadian Con­ gress of Labor out of which the Canadian Labor Con­ gress was ·formed. The merger brought craft and in­ dustrial unions together in one house and by virtue of this recognized the existence of more than one union in each industry. This created the basis for jurisdictional disputes, for conflicts and raids bet­ ween craft and industrial unions, although not only . 8 . between them. Thus, while formal unity was estab­ lished, real unity was not. That is still to be achiev­ ed. In a sense, therefore, raiding has been "built in­ to" the constitution of the Canadian Labor Congress. There is no question, too, that many of these raid­ ing activities are inspired directly by employers. Re­ actionary, labor-hating employers would like nothing better than to keep the trade union movement divid­ ed and therefore weakened and they work constant­ ly towards this end. They know well enough in terms of dollars and cents, the value of a divided union movement. Raiding gives them an opportunity for effecting "bargain basement settlements" at the ex­ pense of the workers. How true this is can be seen in the following reM. marks of "Executive," a Canadian business mag- / azine, which in its current issue carries four pages of ads from INCO and a story on the "Bitter Strug­ gle at Sudbury." "No matter who bargains for the nickel workers in January/' it says, "Gillis (Steel-supporting pres~ ident of Sudbury Local 598) will have triumphed. If the Steelworkers win, he will become an important cog in the first union to have more than 100,000 Canadian members. Even if Mine-Mill retains the local, he will have won; for the national union will 9 never be the same after being forced to expend so much of the energy and money that it can no longer afford to spare." The inference is plain enough: Win, lose or draw for this or that union, but the company \Vins all the ~~ . Still others were and are government-inspired. These have their roots in the cold war and the con­ tinuing efforts of the U.S. State Department to tie the tr~de union movement to its war-like policies. In line with this it has, with the full cooperation of right-wing leaders in the trade union movement, un ... dertaken to destroy unions whose peace policy and militant economic and wage policies are not to its liking. The destruction of the Canadian Seamen's Union and of some other unions in Canada are classical examples of such government intervention. The de­ cision to destroy the CSU was arrived at by the U.S. and Canadian governments as well as employ~rs and the Seafarers International Union was brought into Canada by the AF of L and the Trades and Labor Congress to do the job. Ironically enough by a twist of fate some of the same people who brought the SIU into Canada are now desperately trying to chase that union out. 10 · Today this flagrant violation of Canadian sover .. eignty and the democratic rights of Canadian work­ ers is being repeated in the Steel union raid against · Mine-Mill. No less a personage than U.S. Secretary of Labor, Arthur Goldberg, used the occasion of his recent visit to Ottawa to throw his weight behind the Steel union and attack· Mine-Mill. That he was speaking in another country made no difference to Mr. Goldberg, who apparently believes Canada is already part of the USA. That he was interfering in the internal affairs of the Canadian trade union movement also seemed of no great importance to him. But this incident emphasized anew the con­ tinuity of cold· war policies pursued by the U.S. and Canadian governments, with all its menacing effects on the democratic rights of Canadian workers. It is nothing short of criminal that the CLC lead­ ership, which is supposed to uphold the sovereignty and autonomy of the Canadian trade union move­ . ment, maintained a discreet silence at such inter­ ference. This is understandable although unforgivable. They . are tied to these self-same cold war policies and therefore unable to effectively defend the auton­ omy of the Canadian trade union movement. Is it accidental then that Mine-Mill, one of the few unions in Canada which is fully autonomous is under att~ck? 11 ,

Raiding or union-wrecking, whether inspired by government cold war policies, whether company and employer inspired, whether ste~ming from the USA or arising out of jurisdictional differences in the Can­ adian trade union movement, all lead to the same results. In no cases have such raids benefitted the workers concerned. All they accomplish is to set one group of workers against another. In no cases has it strength­ ened the trade union movement. On the contrary, it has dissipated its strength. In no case has it resulted in an increase in union membership. All it has ac­ complished was to "transfer" workers from one union into another, in effect building one union by wrecking another. The net result of all such activ­ ities has been a constant weakening of the strength and influence of the entire trade union movement. Proof of this is to be seen in the fact that the trade union movement is not growing and this at a time when the labor force in Canada is growing. This cannot be explained away by pointing to the difficulties of organizing th e unorganized. It was always difficult to do that because employers have always placed roadblocks in the way of this basic trade union task. The failure to grow and to expand

arises from the fact that the main energies,, funds 12 and organizers of far too many unions, with some honorable exceptions, are devoted to raiding one an­ other, to disorganizing the organized, to dividing the trade union movement rather than uniting it. And now the chickens are coming home to roost. CLC Secretary Treasurer Donald McDonald was com­ pelled to report recently that for the first time since the war the· number of workers affiliated to the CLC and to provincial federations of labor has declined and so has the number of affiliated unions. ·How could it be otherwise? Today it is the Teamsters, the Operating. En­ gineers, the SIU and Lithographers who have either been expelled or suspended from Congress. Tomor­ row it may be the Carpenter's union. And who will it be the day after? · It is worthy of note that more than 300,000 union­ ists are ·today outside of the Congress. They include members of ~nions that have been expelled as well as unions which the CLC leadership refuses to per­ mit into the Congress. What then has happened to the promise of the merger which was to have united the trade union movement and opened the door for a great campaign to organize the unorganized? What has happened to 13 that crusading spirit of the earlier years, the spirit of self sacrifice and devoted service· which built the trade union movement? "Miner's Voice" the organ of the United Steel workers in Manitoba answered that question in its October issue when it said that the raid on Mine-Mill was being entered into "with a drive and zeal which recalled the CIO campaigns in the mid-thirties." Need more be said? The unpleasant fact is that raiding has become a substitute for the organization of the unorganized and for cooperation among unions. The results are to be seen all around us, in growing divisions, stag­ nation and retreat where there should be unity, growth and advance. Yes, raiding is a dirty and costly business, akin to cannibalism. As one auto delegate to the Ontario Federation of Labor convention remarked: "It was in the same category as scabbing." And he could have added that it is an expression of bus'iness union­ ism, of empire building, and the dog-eat-dog men­ tality of capitalism.

THE DOUBLE-STANDARD NDOUBTEDLY many workers will say: "All this U is very well. But is it not true to say that the 14 '

Canadian Labor Congress has been trying to cope with this problem?" Yes, it might be said that it has been trying to cope with this problem by issuing statements deploring raiding and by setting up an arbitration committee under the direction of Mr. Goldenberg to try to smooth out jurisdictional dif­ ferences between unions affiliated to the Congress. It has gone further and expelled unions for raiding other unions affiliated to the .Congress. But none of these measures have stopped raiding nor are they likely to do so. One of the reasons for this lies in the double sta~dard pursued by the leaders of the Congress. To its affiliated unions it says: "please don't raid ea~ other. Its not nice." But in the same breadth it also says, "raiding of unions not affiliated to the Con­ gress is quite alright. In fact it is legitimate trade union business." This is 'like saying that "thievery is quite alright providing it is not directed against me." But thievery remains thievery and raiding remains raiding no matter who it is directed against. It is this double standard which is being applied to unions not affiliated to the CLC. It is under this banner that the Confederation of National Trade Unions · in Quebec has been under constant attack by affiliates of the CLC. It is under this same ban- 15 ner that independent unions such as Mine... Mill, Unit­ ted Electrical Workers, United Fishermen, Vancou­ ver Outside Civic Workers and the Canadian Textile Workers Council hav been raided time and again. . These unions are all considered fair game. But once the double standard becomes official trade union policy, morality, decency, unity and solidarity are thrown out the window. Once the green light is given to raid and destroy another union, trade union principles break down and are replaced by cannibal­ ism. You cannot condone raiding against some unions without condoning it for all unions. "LmERATION" - FROM WHAT? HE most recent ,example of this double standard T in action is to be seen in the CLC-Steel union­ wrecking drive against Mine-Mill: The groundwork for what has been taking place in Sudbury, Port Colborne and Thompson, in Man­ itoba, was laid at the founding convention of the CLC, when President Jodoin, in his concluding speech to the convention, called upon the workers in Sud­ bury and other areas to "revolt" against their demo­ cratically-elected officers, leave their union and join the CLC. Since then President Jodoin, in cooperation with the Steel union leadership, has worked might and 16 main to develop a secessionist movement in Sud~ bury and Port Colborne. This was part of the pay-off for receiving the sup­ port of the Steel union leadership towards his elec­ tion as CLC president and in recognition of the $50,000 the Steel union leadership paid out for juris­ diction in the metal mining industry. President Jodoin has since been called upon the deliver the goods and has joined what William Mahoney, Canadian director of tl!e Steel union has called the movement of "liberation" (!). What the Steel Workers were involved in Sudbury was "liber­ ation" and "I underline that," said Mr. Jodoin at the Ontario Federation of Labor convention. He then went on to say that Steel nad been given the juris­ diction and would be assisted by all affiliates in the organizing efforts. Given the jurisdiction? Are workers cattle to be bought and sold? Organizing efforts? When the workers are already organized in Mine-Mill? Liberation? From what? From monopoly? Unem­ ployment? Speed-up? Wage-cutting? Exploitation? Anti-labor legislatio.n? None of these things. What CLC President Jodoin chose to call "liberation" was a not so fancy name for union wrecking. 17 It is worthwhile noting the various forces that have rallied behind this movement of "liberation." The press, for one, which day in and day out tries to build up an anti-labor bias among the Canadian people, has suddenly become a champion of the Steel· union. The courts, for anotl1er, ever ready to issue injunc­ tions to smash strikes, ever ready to pass judgments that are disadvantageous to labor, have given encour­ agement to those in Mine-Mill who have been work­ ing to destroy that union and take the membership over to Steel. The RCMP, through Assistant Commissioner Nich­ olson, has joined the red-baiting campaign. It is en­ couraged in so doing by Minister of Justice E. Davie Fulton. The RCMP, which has been used time and again throughout labor's history to break strikes and the demands of the unemployed for jobs, has now undertaken to decide which union a worker may join. And coming up at the rear, but not the least im­ portant, is U.S. Secretary of Labor Goldberg, l~ke­ wise calling for "liberation." These are the "liberators" come to bring "democ­ racy, freedom and light" to the workers. 18 What an unholy alliance! What strange bed­ fellows! The CLC and Steel union leadership may consider it smart politics to be able to use the resources of the state to break another union. But who is using whom? Every worker ought to ask himself - why is the Steel union preferred by these reactionary forces? Is it because it will be more militant than Mine-Mill? Since when has reaction, which is out to weaken the trade union movement, given aid and comfort to militant unionism? The truth of the mat­ ter is that they have joined the chorus of "libera­ tion at the expense of the working class. One can almost hear them say - "Dulles our liberator is dead; long live our new liberators - Jodoin, Ma­ honey and Sefton." The kinship that is felt among some of them arises from the fact that a policy of class collabo­ ration and anti-Communism has replaced the time honored principles of the trade union movement­ working-class and trade union solidarity an<\ unity.

M~. SEFTON "EXPLAINS'' WHY F COURSE some of the leaders. of the Steel O union are astute enough to try to cover up their tracks. They literally cry in their cups about 19 the plight of the workers they are trying to "liber­ ate" and the union they are seeking to destroy. · c'What? Raid a union? Not us. We are merely trying to help the workers." This was the burden of the remarks made by Larry Sefton, District 6 director of the United Steelwo ers, to the Ontario Federation of Labor conventi which took place in Windsor, Ontario, not so vert long ago: Said Mr" Sefton: "How can anyone stand up be­ fore you and tell you that a small, divided organiza­ tion such as Mine-Mill is today, can stand up against INCO in comparison with a strong militant organiza­ tion such as Steel.", · Every active trade unionist ought to give careful ttiought to this statement, for, if one thinks about it, what Mr. Sefton advanced as his reason for union­ ~cking is really a "theoretical justification" raiding any union. Today it happens to be Mine-Mill, but tomorrow it might be some other union which Messrs. Jodoin, Maboney, Sefton and Company be-r lieve has outlived its usefulness to the workers. If this "theory" is accepted by the trade union movement, no union, particularly the smaller unions, will be safe from the "liberating" effects of these pntlemen. 20 . It is true, of course, that in the face of the power of monopoly the workers need strong militant unions in each industry to defend them. Union structure . ought to reflect monopoly capitalist structure to be effective. There is already ample historical exper­ ience to show that industrial unionism - that is - one union for each industry - is the best instrument through which the workers can defend and advance their interests. In fact the growing number of com­ pany mergers and as a consequence, the emergence of powerful monopoly groups which dominate indus­ try, makes it obligatory for the entire trade union movement to examine its present structure and quick­ ly overcome those divisions which monopoly uses to good advantage at the expense of the workers. This point is also borne out by most strikes today which, in the integrated conditions of modem industry, touch many unions and which, to be successful, re­ quire united solidarity support and maximum co­ operation of all unions concerned. These self-evident truths emphasize the need for tackling the two-fold problem of union structure and union cooperation. There are two ways in which to come at the prob­ lem. One way is the way of so-called "liberation," of raiding and union-wrecking and the building up of empires on the bones of other unions. This is the v21 path being taken by the CLC and Steel union leader­ ship. The other is by unions in each particular indus­ try together, formulating joint programs of common interest to the membership, conducting joint nego­ tiations as the railway workers have been doing, pledging mutual support and assistance and finally arriving, step by step, to the stage where they could unite on a democratic basis into one union for each industry. In light of this, if Mr. Sefton were really concerned about the plight of the metal miners in their coming negotiations with INCO he might have made an en­ tirely different speech, one which would go along the following lines: · "Brothers of Mine-Mill, we know that INCO, like the Steel Company of Canada, like DOSCO in Syd­ ney, N.S. and the steel mill in Sault Ste Marie, want to weaken our unions and extract the maximum of profits from the workers. We are all in the same boat and will sink or swim together. Therefore we need to cooperate. That is why I pledge every as­ sistance to your negotiations, be it morally or fin­ ancially." That would be an expression of genuine solidarity - class solidarity-which unites the workers against the common enemy - U.S.-Canadian monopoly. Of course, as everyone knows, this is not the speech 23 , Mr. Sefton delivered. What he proposed was not a good deal for the metal miners at the expense of the profits of INCO but a good deal for INCO at the expense of the metal miners. Mr. Sefton may argue about this but facts are facts and the brutal fact in this case is that the raid perpetrated by the CLC and Steel leadership on the eve of Mine-Mill negoti~tions with INCO was cal­ culated to help the company not the workers. There is another aspect to Mr. Sefton's line of "reasoning" that merits examination - the one which says that "Steel is a strong, militant organiz­ ation" and therefore will be in a position to compel INCO to bend its knee. No one can deny the fact that the Steel Workers union is numerically large and no one can deny that steel workers, like workers in most industries, are militant, even though this is far from being the case with many of their top officers and appointed staff­ men. But is it not a fact that the policies of the officers of that union have led to some serious defeats for the union and the membership? Why· not list the number of strikes lost or betrayed, Mr. Sefton? Or the number of plants lost? What is being done about th~ more than 700 steel workers laid off in DOSCO 23 at Sydney, N.S.? What is happennig at Stelco and Algoma where the union has been in negotiations for some time? If these points are made it is but to emphasize the fact that the Steel union, despite its size, faces the same problems and difficulties most unions face _and has suffered the same defeats other unions have suf­ fered. But precisely because it is one of the largest unions in Canada, one would have expected a much better showing than it has so far made under its present leadership. Its size constituted no great ob­ stacle to the union busting drive of monopoly. It therefore comes with ill grace f~r Mr. Sefton to re­ fer to Mine-Mill as "a small, divided organization" when in fact that union's . contracts compare more than favorably with other unions throughout the country and when, also in fact, Mine-Mill ·is one of the larger unions in Canada. N w let us dig a bit more into Mr. Sefton's argu­ ment about Steel being a strong, militant organiza- tton.• r- Why, in that case, has the leadership of which Mr. Sefton is a part, avoided organizing DOFASCA in Hamilton which is right under his nose? Why has Steel avoided organizing Atlas Steel in Weiland which is also close by? No one would dispute the 24'. fact that these mills are within the jurisdiction of Steel, yet not one penny, not one organizer, not one thought, has been directed to organizing these un­ organized workers. Why. not? What is Mr. Sefton and the Steel union leadership afraid of? The companies or the workers? Don't these workers need to be "liberated" Mr. Jodoin? Wouldn't it be far better for the trade union move­ ment and for the steel workers were the "drive and zeal which re-called CIO campaigns in the mid­ thirties," directed to organizing these unorganized steel workers? To ask the question is to answer it.

·CAN RAIDING BE STOPPED? ow can the present dangerous situation .be H changed and the cancerous blight of raiding rooted out of the trade union movement once and for all? Obviously there are no easy or simple solutions to this problem but where there is a will there is a way. Th~ expulsio~ of unions from the CLC, as has al- 25 ready been done, is one answer but experience shows that it is really no answer at all because raiding still continues between unions within the CLC and those expelled or suspended. Refusing to take unions into the Congress, which is the policy of the CLC leadership with respect to the Confederation of National Trade Unions in Que­ bec and the independent unions, and making them fair game for raiding, is another answer. But this too is no answer at all. Raiding is still raiding whether directed against workers and unions within the CLC or outside it. Throughout the trade union movement there is growing concern about the present divisive policies of the leaders of the Canadian Labor Congress. The CLC-Steel Union raid on Mine-Mill has, perhaps more than any other action, focused attention on the scourge of union raiding and union wrecking and the dangers that it holds for all sections o-f the trade union movement. How can it be stopped? There are rumors afloat that some officers of the CLC, confronted with the fact of a weakened Con­ gress and .the unworkability of the present policy of expelling unions for raiding, now favor eliminating 26 those clauses in the CLC constitution .which call for suspension or expulsion because of such "activities!' This may appear as an attractive soll:ltion to some. But were that done it would merely legalize raiding and give the green light for raiding of smaller unions by the bigger unions on a massive scale. No, this isn't the answer either. What is required is that the Canadian Labor Con­ gress solemnly declares that 'it is unalterably opposed to raiding of any union whether affiliated to Con­ gress of not, that it considers it a crime against the working class and trade union principles, a form of cannibalism which the workers, irrespective of their union affiliations, should categorically reject. What is required is that the CLC undertake a wide­ scale educational campaign throughout the trade union movement directed to restoring and strength­ ening the concept of working-class and trade union solidarity, of unity and cooperation as the basis of trade union activity. With these objectives in mind the CLC constitu­ tion ought to be amended to · accomplish the fol­ lowing: • Open the door of Congress to ALL UNIONS without exception. Were this done the double stand- 37 - ~d would be eliminated but, above all, there would finally come into being a truly united trade union movement able to move forward more effectively on all fronts. • In line with the above, attacks' and raids on unions not affiliated to the CLC should be put a stop to at once and negotiations opened up with them with a view to their entry into the Congress with full respect for their autonomy and the democratic rights of the membership. This means that all dis­ criminatory clauses in the CLC constitution should be eliminated. • Immediate negotiations should be opened up with the Confederation of National Trade Unions in Quebec with a view to uniting or merging the Quebec Federation of Labor and the CNTU into a confede­ ration with full respect for the autonomy of the CNTU in such a confederation. • Uniting the trade union movement is one im­ portant step towards ending union raiding. • In addition, the Canadian Labor Congress ought to undertake a nationwide campaign, in cooperation with all its affiliates, directed towards organizing the millions of unorganized workers in all parts of the country. 28 • Unions in every industry ought to be encour­ aged to work together for common objectives, assist­ ed in coordinating collective bargaining in each in­ dustry, with the aim of creating the most favorable conditions for eventual mergers or federations in each industry on a fully democratic and autonomous basis. If these essential questions are placed in the fore­ front disciplinary measures against those who per­ sist in union raiding can be dealt with more effec­ tively, whether through arbitration machinery or other machinery to cope with the problem. If the workers begin to tackle the question along these lines, raiding, stagnation and retreat can be put an end to and the best conditions created for a great new advance in the period ahead.

SOLIDARITY FOREVER T WAS solidarity, the old and ever new principle I of "all for one and one for all' which built the trade unions. What we must do is get back to these great prin­ ciples, about which we sing in the trade union an­ them, "Solidarity Forever." Its stirring words are not empty sentimentalizing, to be sung but not prac­ ticed. They are the only true slogans of the unions. They are the rock on which the unions were built. They are the imperishable principles of trade unionism. Left-wing and progressive trade unionists in all unions have the responsibility of sparking a great crusade among workers · everywhere to restore the practice of solidarity and put an end to civil war in the trade union movement. Solidarity Forever! ..

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