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Anglo-French Rivalry for the Great Lakes Fur Trades, 1700-1760

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Anglo-French Rivalry for the Great Lakes Fur Trades, 1700-1760 W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1995 The price of empire: Anglo-French rivalry for the Great Lakes fur trades, 1700-1760 Matthew R. Laird College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Economic History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Laird, Matthew R., "The price of empire: Anglo-French rivalry for the Great Lakes fur trades, 1700-1760" (1995). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623876. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-1zs7-yy90 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. 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Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE PRICE OF EMPIRE ANGLO-FRENCH RIVALRY FOR THE GREAT LAKES FUR TRADES 1700-1760 A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Matthew R. Laird 1995 UMI Number: 9616920 Copyright 1995 by Laird, Matthew Robert All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9616920 Copyright 1996, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright 1995 by Matthew R. Laird All rights reserved. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Matthew R. Laird Approved, 11 October 1995 ,/t>cUAP James Axtell Michael McGiffert ' r j ' 1 ** /James Whittenburg kJ' jT d<c.L*y ) W. J. Eccles University of Toronto TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEGDMENTS ........................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. ix ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................................x INTRODUCTION. RECEIPTED W ISDOM .................................................................. 2 CHAPTER I. THE FRENCH-CANADIAN TRADE ................................................. 9 CHAPTER II. THE ANGLO-AMERICAN TRADES ............................................... 61 CHAPTER III. THE ECONOMICS OF RIVALRY ............................................ 109 CHAPTER IV. INDIAN AGENDAS ..................................................................... 192 CHAPTER V. FURS AND SKINS, HEARTS AND MINDS ................................221 EPILOGUE. AFTER THE CONQUEST................................................................ 259 APPENDIX ...................................... 265 - — BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................... 266 VITA ......................................................................................................................... 277 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply in debt to James Axtell. This study is rooted in a fascination with early North American history kindled in his classroom, nurtured by his enthusiasm, and challenged by his criticism. W.J. Eccles, who loomed so large in my historiographical imagination, flattered me with his interest, and rewarded me with his erudition. Michael McGiffert, John Selby, and James Whittenburg brought a staggering degree of historical wisdom and experience to their reading of this dissertation, and it stands much improved as a result. Tom Wien embodied the collegial spirit, graciously sharing his own research. Daniel Richter’s thoughtful comments on a condensed version of this thesis presented at the first annual conference of the Institute of Early American History and Culture helped me to sharpen and clarify my arguments. And, in the midst of busy terms, Dale Miquelon and Josd Igartua responded speedily to my queries with much needed advice. The boundless good humor, support, and affection of my parents, Bob and Geri Laird, has seen me through far more than this dissertation. Theirs is, truly, "the task eternal." My newer set of parents, Linda and James Coates, have never failed to offer their help and encouragement, nor let me forget to take pride in my work. Finally, I am most grateful to my wife, Melanie. She makes a joy of all my days. v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1/1.2 Legend ....................................................................................................55 1.1 Prices of selected French trade goods, 1730-1745 .............................................................................................. 56 1.2 Percentage mark-up on selected French trade goods, 1730-1745 ................................................................................ 57 3.1 Prices of selected trade goods at Montreal, Schenectady, Niagara, and Oswego, 1735 174 3.2 Prices of selected peltry at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany ........................................................................ 183 3.3 Prices of selected trade goods at Montreal and Philadelphia, 1744 ...................................................................... 186 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Relative expenditure on trade merchandise of Montreal merchants and Indian consumers by functional category ........................................................................... 58 1.2 Bdndfice rates charged by Moni&re, 1735-1747 59 1.3 Estimated mark-up on goods sold at leased p o s ts ...............................................................................................60 2.1 Estimated mark-up on trade merchandise, Oswego and Ohio Valley ................................................................ 107 2.2 Value of London imports of New York and Pennsylvania Peltry ........................................................................... 108 3.1 Price of a "piece” of stroud cloth in Montreal and Albany ........................................................................ 171 3.2 Value of bulk textiles traded at Niagara, 1729-1738, relative to total s a l e s ..................................................... 172 3.3 Value of English strouds traded at Niagara, 1729-1738, relative to total sales ..................................................... 173 3.4 Prices of selected trade goods at Montreal, (a-c) Schenectady, Niagara, and Oswego, 1735 ..................................... 175 3.5 Price fluctuations of selected goods at Montreal ............................................................................................ 178' 3.6a Price of blankets at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany ........................................................................ 179 3.6b Price of kettles at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany ........................................................................ 180 vii LIST OF FIGURES, cont’d. Figure Page 3.6c Price of brandy/rum at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany ......................................................................... 181 3.6d Price of stroud cloth at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany ......................................................................... 182 3.7 Price of beaver and deerskins at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany ................................................................... 184 3.8 Price of selected peltry at Montreal and Schenectady/Albany .................................................... 185 3.9 Prices of selected trade goods at Montreal (a-c) and Philadelphia, 1744 ....................................................................... 187
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