Deciphering Myanmar's Peace Process A Reference Guide 2017-2018
www.bnionline.net www.mmpeacemonitor.org Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process: A Reference Guide 2017-2018 Written and Edited by Burma News International Layout/Design by Saw Wanna(Z.H) Translator-Aung Moe
First Edition: May 2019
Printer: Burmawoman Printing (00026), minnandar street,Dawpon Tsp,Yangon Copyright reserved by Burma News International
Published by Burma News International P.O Box 7, Talad Kamtieng PO Chiang Mai, 50304, Thailand
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://www.mmpeacemonitor.org Twitter: http://twitter.com/mmpeacemonitor Facebook: http:// www.facebook.com/mmpeacemonitor http://bnionline.net Contents
Acknoledgement vii Notes to the Readers ix Summary xi Background of BNI's Myanmar Peace Monitor Project xv Acronyms xvii
I. Prospect of Peace Process Myanmar Peace Process Grand Chart 2 Timeline of Myanmar Peace Process 3 Perspectives on the Peace Process 4 A Shift from Security to Peace 19
,, &RQÀLFW$QDO\VLV 0DUFK The Map showing the condition of Armed Clashes 2016 26 The Map showing the condition of Armed Clashes 2017-2019 (March) 27 1XPEHUVRIWKHFRQÀLFWLQFLGHQWV Clashes between Tatmadaw and EAOs (2017-2019 March) 29 $QDO\VLVRIWKH&RQÀLFW6LWXDWLRQ Situation snapshot of the strenght of EAO Forces 32 TNCA-related Rules and Regulations 33
,,,,QWHUQDOO\'LVSODFHG3HRSOHDQG5HIXJHHV 6LWXDWLRQDORI,'30DS Situational of IDP Map 2017-2019 March 39 Displacement in Myanmar 40 ,PSDFWRIWKH&RQÀLFWRQWKH3RSXODWLRQ
IV. Meeting Overview The infographic of Peace meeting 47 Meetings Overview 49
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 iii 9 VW&HQWXU\3DQJORQJ8QLRQ3HDFH&RQIHUHQFH The 21st Century Panglong Union Peace Conference Format 63 Pyidaungsu Accord – Part I 66 Pyidaungsu Accord – Part II 73
9,.H\,VVXHVDQG&KDOOHQJHVRIWKH3HDFH3URFHVV The role of State Counselor in the Peace Process 79 7KHUROHRI7DWPDGDZLQWKH3HDFH3URFHVV 1&$'HDGORFNDQGWKH($2V &ODVKHVDQG3DWKZD\VWR3HDFH
9,,7KHUROHRIWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RPPXQLW\LQ Myanmar Peace Process &KLQD¶V5ROHLQ0\DQPDU3HDFH3URFHVV The EU takes a leading role in Myanmar Peace Process 93 India plays a part in Myanmar Peace Process 97 Japan takes an active role in Myanmar Peace Process 104 The US and Myanmar Peace Process 109 Economic and Political Stakes 113
9,,,2UJDQL]DWLRQDO3UR¿OHV A to Z 119 7KH0DSRI/LDLVRQRႈFHVRI($2V Armed Group from out of NCA 166 EAOs Active Area 167 16$*$FWLYH$UHDLQ0\DQPDU
,;/RFDODQG,QWUHQDWLRQDO6XSSRUWHUVRI0\DQPDU V3HDFH3URFHVV A to Z 169
; 6WDWHPHQWVRQWKHSHDFHSURFHVV Records of statements on the peace process within the period from 2017 to March 2019 175 A Reference Guide 2017-2018 v vi Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process Acknoledgement
:H%XUPD1HZV,QWHUQDWLRQDO %1, DUHSOHDVHGWRSUHVHQWWKH¿IWK book on the complex Myanmar’s peace process. This book is based RQWKH\HDUO\FROOHFWHGGDWD)DFWVDQG¿JXUHVSUHVHQWHGLQWKLVERRN are based on media report collected within the scope of BNI’s peace monitoring project (www.mmpeacemonitor.org) in the period of three years from 2017 to 2019 (March).
Our team of BNI thanks our peace monitoring members Htu Sam, Donna Ong (International Consultant), Sayar Zin Linn, Ko Hnin Ko (Peace Researcher), Ko Pein Pha and those, who conducted research and contributed into this book. Thank are also due to Felix Haas who edited the English draft reportin terms of grammar and linguistics.
:HDUHJUDWHIXOWRWKH-RLQW3HDFH)XQG -3) IRU¿QDQFLDOO\VXSSRUWLQJ this publication and our peace monitoring project. The publication of this book would not have been possible without the assistance of the JPF. On this occasion, we would also like to express our profound gratitude to previous donors of BNI who helped initiate the peace monitoring project over previous years.
BNI is committed to continuing its support for the development of democracy and peace in Myanmar.
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 vii
Notes to the Reader
This book is intended to provide transparent information in relation to the peace process in Myanmar between January 2017 and December 2018. The peace process is too complex to be covered in totality. Insofar, the reader may need to understand that a certain level of inconsistencies cannot be averted.
,QWKHSHDFHSURFHVVLQ0\DQPDULWLVDPDMRUFKDOOHQJHWRFRQ¿UPDQGYHULI\LQ- IRUPDWLRQ0RVWIDFWVDQG¿JXUHVLQFOXGHGLQWKLVERRNDUHFROOHFWHGDQGFRPSLOHG IURPPHGLDRWKHUDUWLFOHVLQWHUYLHZVUHYLHZVORFDODQGIRUHLJQUHSRUWVDQGRI¿FLDO statements. Besides, many developments in the peace process are not only related to the government, the Tatmadaw and ethnic armed groups as institutions, but also related to the individuals involved in the peace process and their individual percep- tions. Hence, the data collection for this book has been a major challenge. Our team has undertaken an utmost effort to consolidate this book to enhance understanding RIWKHFRPSOLFDWHGGHYHORSPHQWVSHDFHDQGFRQÀLFW
Throughout the document, the expression Tatmadaw is used as a reference to the Myanmar military and Myanmar Army to unit of the Tatmadaw carrying out ground DFWLYLWLHV:HDOVRXVHWKHRI¿FLDOH[SUHVVLRQ($2VUHIHUULQJWRQRQVWDWHHWKQLF armed groups as per described in the NCA.
$PRQJWKH1&$6($2VDOVRVRPH0\DQPDUQDWLRQDOVWXGHQWVGHPRFUDWLFIRUFHV are non-ethnic based and so that the usage will not be accurate. To recognize their
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 ix SROLWLFDOVWDQFHWKHH[SUHVVLRQVWXGHQWDUPHGJURXSVDQG¿JKWLQJJURXSVDUHXVHG KHUHDVDUHIHUHQFHWRDUPHGJURXSVLQYROYLQJLQRQJRLQJFRQÀLFWV
$OWKRXJKWKHZRUG5RKLQJ\DLVHWKQLFULJKWUHODWHGYHU\VHQVLWLYHDQGQRWRI¿FLDOO\ recognized in Myanmar, we have to use it in our reports for reasons of accuracy. This expression is used, as the above-mentioned community is self-identifying by this word. Purpose of the use of the word Rohingya is hence not to be understood a political statement in opposition to the word Bengali. It also is noteworthy that beyond Rohingya other Muslim groups such as Kaman reside in Rakhine State. Hence, for WKLVUHDVRQWKHRI¿FLDOWHUPXVHGE\WKHJRYHUQPHQW³0XVOLPVIURP5DNKLQH6WDWH´ is considered inaccurate. The understanding of the reader for this use of terminol- ogy is kindly requested.
This book is based on data collected and key changes that have occurred in the period from March 2017 to 2019.
x Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process Summary
In 2017 and 2018, the peace process in Myanmar has entered a phase of crises, deadlock and setbacks. There is an acute challenge moving forward with the peace process in an orderly manner. The Thein Sein government tried to end the 70-year long DUPHGVWUXJJOHWKURXJKWKHJURXQGEUHDNLQJDFKLHYHPHQWRIWKH1DWLRQDO&HDVH¿UH $JUHHPHQW 1&$ ¿QDOO\VLJQHGE\HLJKWRXWRIRYHUHWKQLFDUPHGJURXSV%HIRUHKLV WHUPHQGHGWKH¿UVW8QLRQ3HDFH&RQIHUHQFH 83& ZDVKHOGLQRQ-DQXDU\ Most political analysts regard the NCA as limited in impact, as the NCA signatories 1&$6($2V RQO\FRQVWLWXWHDSSUR[LPDWHO\SHUFHQWRIWKHRUJDQL]HGIRUFHVRI ethnic armed groups in the whole of the country. Hence, there is controversy, whether or not the completion of the incomplete NCA under the Thein Sein government has been a success.
%XLOGLQJ PXWXDO WUXVW EHOLHI EHWZHHQ ($2V 7DWPDGDZ DQG WKH LQFXPEHQW 1/' government taking over the peace process has been a major challenge: Firstly, the 1/'JRYHUQPHQWKDGWRDGKHUHWRJRYHUQPHQWDOFRPPLWPHQWVPDGHLQWKH1&$ secondly the deadlock in bringing non-signatories under the NCA-umbrella needed to be addressed.
8QGHUWKH1/'JRYHUQPHQWWKHIRUPDWRIWKH8QLRQ3HDFH&RQIHUHQFHVKDVEHHQ established, which at least has created some platform for political exchange. Two SDUWVRID8QLRQ$FFRUGZLWKDWRWDORISRLQWVFRXOGEHFRQFOXGHG,QDGGLWLRQWKH 1&$XPEUHOODFRXOGEHH[WHQGHGWR1063DQG/'8LQHDUO\
The implementation even of the 21st Century Panglong Conferences however equally faces challenges, as any of the previous three Panglong sessions has been con- siderably delayed. In this context also no date for the fourth 21st Century Panglong
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 xi &RQIHUHQFHFRXOG\HWEHDJUHHGXSRQ7KH1&$6($2V.18DQG5&66VWRSSHG their participation on both, NCA and JMC levels.
,QRUGHUDOVRWRLQFOXGH1&$16($2VXQGHUWKH1&$XPEUHOODDOVRELODWHUDOGLVFXV- sions - particularly of informal nature - with combating armed groups of FPNCC are needed to understand e.g. their positions for the political dialogue.
7KH1&$HTXDOO\KDVQRWIXOO\KDOWHG¿JKWVEHWZHHQWKH7DWPDGDZDQG1&$6($2 &RQVHTXHQWO\DOVRIRU1&$16($2VWKH1&$FHQWHUHGSHDFHSURFHVVPD\ODFN FUHGLELOLW\7KHHPHUJHQFHRILQWHQVH¿JKWLQJLQ.DFKLQDQG1RUWKHUQ6KDQ6WDWHVDV well as in broader Rakhine State equally blurs any prospect of peace and national UHFRQFLOLDWLRQXQGHU1/'
(IIRUWVKDYHEHHQPDGHWRHVWDEOLVKSULQFLSOHVRIDGHPRFUDWLFDQGIHGHUDOV\VWHPLQ Myanmar. Such efforts however are often overshadowed by international pressure regarding escalating violence and confrontation in Northern Myanmar and Rakhine 6WDWHDQGDOOHJDWLRQVRIKXPDQULJKWYLRODWLRQVRIWKH7DWPDGDZLQFRQÀLFW]RQHV
7KHDYRLGDQFHRISRVVLEOHFRQÀLFWVDQGMRLQWPRQLWRULQJDFWLYLWLHVRIFHDVH¿UHYLRODWLRQV DUHNH\SDUWRIWKH1&$7KHDJUHHPHQWKRZHYHUUHPDLQVYDJXHDQGQRQVSHFL¿F in key areas such as disarmament, demarcation arrangements and power sharing. $OWKRXJKWKH1&$KDVEHHQUHDFKHGZLWK($2V¿JKWLQJLQFLGHQWVDORQJZLWK threats from territorial expansion and military build-up between by the Tatmadaw FRQWLQXHGWRH[LVW7KLVOHDYHVWKHORFDOSRSXODWLRQLQFRQÀLFWDIIHFWHGUHJLRQVLQIHDU Beyond the developments on the peace side, developments in the economy have HTXDOO\RFFXUUHG0\DQPDU¶VRSHQLQJKDVSHUPLWWHGWKHFRXQWU\WRDWWUDFW86DQG other Western investments as well as particularly Chinese and Japanese invest- PHQWV,QWKHFRQÀLFWDIIHFWHGERUGHUDUHDVH[DPSOHVRILQYHVWPHQWVH[SORLWLYHLQ
xii Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process nature or non-responsible investments could be found. In addition, certain projects LQWKHFRQÀLFWDIIHFWHGERUGHUDUHDVVXFKDVWKH0\LWVRQHK\GURSRZHUSODQWFRXOG not yet be realized.
Substantial efforts and a sensitive approach will be needed to settle the set of is- sues facing the peace process at the moment to attain genuine peace and national reconciliation within a federal union of Myanmar.
This book is an effort to understand fundamentals of the complicated peace process and the various stakeholders and platforms, forces, problems and development in this process. We hope that hence this publication is helping the ones involved in ef- IRUWVWRZDUGVSHDFHLQ0\DQPDUWR¿QGVXVWDLQDEOHVROXWLRQVIRUSHDFHLQ0\DQPDU
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 xiii
Background of BNI's Myanmar Peace Monitor Project
As part of the Myanmar Peace Monitor (MPM) Project of BNI is aimed at providing people with a news summary and data related to the peace and reconciliation efforts in Myanmar. Key stakeholders and followers of the peace process in Myanmar are to be provided with condensed news, trends and opinion pieces.
The complex and challenging nature of Myanmar’s peace process makes it somewhat unique globally. The involvement of numerous different stakeholders with at times different particular interests complicates the process of reaching mutual understanding among the stakeholders.
Since 2013, BNI has been supporting peace movements in Myanmar by publishing this series of annual guide books named Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process. %1,KDVDOUHDG\SXEOLVKHGDQGLVVXHVDVSDUWRI%1,¶V Myanmar Peace Monitoring Program. This reports highlight the major develop- ments in year 2017-2018 and also include major events up until March, 2019.
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 xv With the assistance of Joint Peace Fund, BNI has prepared this allows readers WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHKLVWRU\VWUXFWXUHDQGVSHFL¿FVXEMHFWPDWWHUVRIWKHSHDFH process in Myanmar. The publication Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process is now widely used public and development sector stakeholders, among political party members, research institutes and international experts studying Myanmar’s peace endeavors.
BNI’s main goal is to supply reliable news, data and reviews which can be an instrumental prerequisite for building peace. A core objective of the publication of Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process is to allow readers to understand on-the-ground realities from the grassroots in the ethnic regions. Acronyms
AA Arakan Army AAPP Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) ABSDF All Burma Students' Democratic Front ABSDF-UNRA All Burma Students' Democratic Front - Union National Resistance Army ACRS Advisory Commission on Rakhine State ALP Arakan Liberation Party ANC Arakan National Council ANC/AA Arakan National Council/Arakan Army (Karen) BGF Border Guard Force %/2 %RUGHU/LDLVRQ2ႈFH CBOs Community Based Organizations CNF Chin National Front CSOs Civil Society Organizations CSSU Committee for Shan State Unity CT Coordination DEU Delegation for EAO Unity DKBA Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (Formerly DKBA-5) DKBA Democratic Karen Buddhist Army DPN Delegation for Political Negotiation EAOs Ethnic Armed Organizations (%2 (XUR%XUPD2ႈFH (1$& (WKQLF1DWLRQDOLWLHV$ႇDLUV&HQWHU ENC Ethnic Nationalities Council EU European Union EUMC European Union Military Committee FMA Faith Movement of Arakan FPD Framework for Political Dialogue IC Investigation Commission
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 xvii IDP Internally Displaced People IPSG International Peace Support Group JICM Joint Implementation Coordination Meeting JMC-S Joint Monitoring Committee - State JMC-U Joint Monitoring Committee - Union JPF Joint Peace Fund KIO/KIA Kachin Independence Organization/ Army KNDP/A Karenni National Democratic Party/Army KNLP Kayan New Land Party KNO Kachin National Organisation KNO (Burma) Kuki National Organization (Burma) KNPDP Karenni National Peace and Development Party KNPLF Karenni National People's Liberation Front KNPP Karenni National Progressive Party KNSO Karenni National Solidarity Organization KNU Karen National Union KPC Karen National Union/ Karen National Liberation Army - Peace Council KPF Karen Peace Force KWAT Kachin Women Association Thailand LDU Lahu Democratic Union LNDO Lahu National Development Organization MNDAA Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army MPC Myanmar Peace Centre MPM Myanmar Peace Monitor MPSI Myanmar Peace Support Initiative NA-B Northern Alliance - Burma NBF Nationalities Brotherhood Federation 1&$ 1DWLRQZLGH&HDVH¿UH$JUHHPHQW 1&&7 1DWLRQZLGH&HDVH¿UH&RRUGLQDWLRQ7HDP NDA-K New Democratic Army - Kachin NDAA-ESS National Democratic Alliance Army - Eastern Shan State NDSC National Defence and Security Council NLD National League for Democracy
xviii Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process NMSP New Mon State Party NRPC National Reconciliation Peace Centre NSAG Non-State Armed Group NSCN-K National Socialist Council of Nagaland - Khaplang OIC Organization of Islamic Cooperation PC Peace Commission PCG Peace Creation Group PDSG Peace Donor Support Group PI Pyidaungsu Institute PMF People's Militia Force PNLO Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization PNO Pa-Oh National Organization PPST Peace Process Steering Team PPWT Peace Process Working Team PSLF/TNLA Palaung State Liberation Front/Ta-ang National League Army PYO Pa-Oh Youth Organization RCSS/SSA Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army SAZ Special Administration Zone SEZ/SIZ Special Economic Zone/Special Industrial Zone SLORC State Law and Order Restoration Council SNA Shanni Nationalities Army SNDP Shan Nationalities Democratic Party SNLD Shan National League for Democracy SPDC State Peace and Development Council SSPP/SSA Shan State Progress Party/Shan State Army TMD Tatmadaw TNLA Ta'ang National Liberation Army UNFC United Nationalities Federal Council UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 812'& 8QLWHG1DWLRQV2ႈFHRQ'UXJVDQG&ULPH UPCC Union Peace Central Committee UPDJC Union Peace Dialogue Joint Committee UPWC Union Peace Working Committee USA United States of America
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 xix USDP Union Solidarity and Development Party UWSA/P United Wa State Army/ Party WGEC Working Group for Ethnic Coordination WLB Women's League of Burma WNO/A Wa National Organization/ Army =52 =RPL5HXQL¿FDWLRQ2UJDQL]DWLRQ
xx Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process 1 Prospect of Peace Process
Timeline of the Myanmar Peace Process
A Reference Guide 2017-2018 3 Perspectives on the Peace Process
Historic Perspectives on the Peace Process 7KHDUPHGFRQÀLFWEHWZHHQWKH7DWPDGDZDQGHWKQLFDUPHGJURXSVLQ0\DQPDUKDVODVWHGVLQFHWKH LQGHSHQGHQFHRI0\DQPDURYHU\HDUVDJR7KURXJKRXWDQ\SROLWLFDOOHDGHUVKLSRI0\DQPDUSUHYLRXVO\ WKHÀDPHVRIZDUFRXOGQRWEHH[WLQJXLVKHGVRWKDWWKHFLYLOZDUKDVODVWHGIRUVXFKDORQJWLPH
The Governmental Perspective ,QLWLDOSURJUHVVWRZDUGVSHDFHLQ0\DQPDUFRXOGEHUHDFKHGIROORZLQJWKHLQYLWDWLRQRI7KHLQ6HLQ JRYHUQPHQWWRHWKQLFDUPHGRUJDQL]DWLRQVWRGLVFXVVWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIDQDWLRQZLGHFHDVH¿UHRQ $XJXVW,QLWLDOO\ELODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHVZLWKWKHHWKQLFDUPHGRUJDQL]DWLRQVRQDVWDWHDQG XQLRQOHYHOZHUHFDOOHGIRU,QGLVFXVVLRQKDGDGYDQFHGVRWKDWWKHQWKHFRQFOXVLRQRIDQDWLRQZLGH FHDVH¿UHDJUHHPHQWZDVIRVWHUHG2YHUPRQWKVRIZRUNRIWKH7KHLQ6HLQJRYHUQPHQWIRUSHDFH GLDORJXHVPHHWLQJVFRQVXOWDWLRQVZLWKHWKQLFDUPHGJURXSVKDGEHHQKHOGQHDUO\WLPHV2Q 2FWREHUWKH1DWLRQZLGH&HDVH¿UH$JUHHPHQW 1&$ FRXOG¿QDOO\EHVLJQHGZLWKHLJKWHWKQLF DUPHGJURXSVDQGZDVSDVVHGDWWKH8QLRQ$VVHPEO\RQ'HFHPEHU7KHHLJKWHWKQLFDUPHG JURXS1&$VLJQDWRULHVZHUH.18.18.1/$3HDFH&RXQFLO'.%$&1)31/2$%6')5&66 66$DQG$/37KHVHDUPHGJURXSVKRZHYHUGRQRWFRPSULVHWKHPDMRULW\RI¿JKWHUVDQGQRWWKH PRVWKHDYLO\HTXLSSHGDUPHGRUJDQL]DWLRQVLQWKHQRUWKHUQUHJLRQRI0\DQPDU7KH¿UVW8QLRQ3HDFH &RQIHUHQFHZDVVXFFHVVIXOO\KHOGLQ-DQXDU\,QVRIDU±ZKHWKHUIXOO\VXFFHVVIXORUQRW±WKH 1&$KDVSDYHGFOHDUGLUHFWLRQVIRUZDUGWRZDUGVSHDFHIRUWKH1/'JRYHUQPHQW :KHQ'DZ$XQJ6DQ6XX.\LSHUVRQDOO\DVVXPHGDOHDGLQJUROHLQWKHSHDFHSURFHVVXSRQDVVXPSWLRQ RIJRYHUQPHQWIXQGDPHQWDOFKDQJHVRIWKHSHDFHDUFKLWHFWXUHKDYHEHHQLPSOHPHQWHG 7KH0\DQPDU 3HDFH&HQWHUIRUPHGXQGHUWKH7KHLQ6HLQJRYHUQPHQWZDVWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRWKH1DWLRQDO5HFRQFLOLDWLRQ DQG3HDFH&HQWHU 153& 1HDUO\DOONH\RI¿FLDOVLQYROYHGXQGHU03&ZHUHUHSODFHG
4 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process NRPC’s Road Map (NLD Government) – Peace
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NLD Govot's Current Peace Structure and Mechanism
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6 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process The Perspective of EAOs
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Since then, clashes KDYHEHHQQXPHURXVDQGLQWHQVHZLWKGD\VRIFODVKHV XQWLO WKH HQG RI )HEUXDU\ 8S WR FLYLOLDQV UHPDLQHGGLVSOD\HGE\WKH¿JKWLQJDWWKHHQGRI0DUFK &ODVKHV EHWZHHQ WKH 8/$$$ DQG WKH7DWPDGDZKDYH LQWHQVHO\HUXSWHGLQ%XWKLGDXQJ0DXQJGDZ5DWKHGDXQJ .\DXNWDZDQG3RQQDN\XQLQ5DNKLQH6WDWHDQGKDYHHYHQ H[WHQGHGWR3DODZD7RZQVKLSLQ&KLQ6WDWH 156 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) $FWLYH±)HEUXDU\ Leadership +HDGTXDUWHUV±&KDLQJ0DL7KDLODQG &KDLUSHUVRQ±1DLQJ+DQ7KDU 6HFUHWDU\±.KX2R5HK 7KH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQDOLWLHV )HGHUDO &RXQFLO KDV EHHQ &HDVH¿UHVDQG3HDFH3URFHVV HVWDEOLVKHGDVDQXPEUHOODRUJDQL]DWLRQIRUDOO($2XQGHU 2QJRLQJGLVFXVVLRQRQVXEPLWWHG WKH7KHLQ6HLQJRYHUQPHQW SRLQWSURSRVDO 81)&SOD\HGDPDMRUUROHLQWKHSHDFHSURFHVVXQGHUWKH /DVWPHHWLQJV± 1RYHPEHU 7KHLQ6HLQJRYHUQPHQWDQGKDVDOVREHHQWKHEDVLVRIWKH DPN member 1DWLRQZLGH&HDVH¿UH&RRUGLQDWLRQ7HDP 1&&7 ZKLFK /HDGHU±.KX2R5HK .133 ZDVIRXQGHGE\WKH($2VLQ2FWREHUWRFRRUGLQDWH /LDLVRQ2൶FHV±1RQH SURFHVVHVDQGDJUHHPHQWVIRUWKH1&$SUHSDUDWLRQDQG $OOLDQFHV±.133$1&1063 VLJQLQJ /'8663366$ 3URSRVHGWR 7ZR\HDUVRIQHJRWLDWLRQUHVXOWHGLQWKH¿QDO1DWLRQZLGH VXVSHQG &HDVH¿UH$JUHHPHQWGUDIWZKLOHPDQ\GLVSXWHVUHJDUGLQJ Contact WKHOHJLWLPDF\RI1&&7LQWKH1&$GUDIWLQJSURFHVVDURVH :HEVLWH EXUPHVHXQIFEXUPDRUJ 'HVSLWHWKHFRQWURYHUV\1&&7UDWL¿HGWKH1&$DQGLWV (PDLO XQLW\XQIF#JPDLOFRP PHPEHUVIURPWKH($2VGHFLGHGWRFRQVXOWZLWKWKHLU UHVSHFWLYHHWKQLFVWDNHKROGHUVWRPDNHDGHFLVLRQ81)& HVWDEOLVKHGWKH6HQLRU'HOHJDWLRQ 6' RI1&&7WRGLVFXVV WKH1&$GUDIWLQGHWDLO ,Q-XO\6'DQG83:&PHWLQ A Reference Guide 2017-2018 157 &KLQ1DWLRQDO)URQW &1) $OO%XUPD6WXGHQWV¶'HPRFUDWLF Front (ABSDF), Arakan Liberation Party (ALP), Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS), Karen National Union (KNU), Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (Peace Council) (KNU/KNLA PC), Democratic .DUHQ%XGGKLVW$UP\ '.%$ DQG3D21DWLRQDO/LEHUDWLRQ 2UJDQL]DWLRQ 31/2 ($2VWKDWZHUHDWWKHWLPHRIWKH1&$VLJQLQJFODVKLQJ ZLWKWKH7DWPDGDZZHUHQRWLQYLWHGWRVLJQ1&$IRUWKH UHDVRQVRIODFNLQJHQJDJHPHQW7KH1&&7PHPEHU8/$ $$DOVRGLGQRWSDUWLFLSDWHLQ81)&DQGLWZDVDOVRGHFOLQHG WRLQYLWHWRVLJQ1&$ 7KHUHIRUHWKHUHZHUHWZRJURXSVLQ81)& VLJQDWRULHV DQGQRQVLJQDWRULHV0RUHRYHU.18LQ.,2.,$ 01'$$71/$DQG:12LQUHVSHFWLYHO\ZLWKGUHZ from UNFC. Currently, there are only six members namely $1&.133663366$1063DQG/'8 +RZHYHU1063DQG/'8VLJQHGWKH1&$LQ)HEUXDU\ 6R WKDW WKHUH DUH IRXU VLJQDWRULHV DQG WZR QRQ VLJQDWRULHV LQ 81)& &1) DQG 312 ZLWKGUHZ WKHLU PHPEHUVKLS LQ 1RYHPEHU RQH PRQWK DIWHU WKH VLJQLQJRIWKH1&$ ,QHDUO\0DUFK .133UHTXHVWHGD81)&HPHUJHQF\ PHHWLQJDQGGHFODUHGLWVGHFLVLRQWRZLWKGUDZIURP81)& 0RUHRYHU 663366$ DQG 1&$ VLJQDWRULHV 1063 DQG /'8DOVRVDLGWKDWWKH\ZDQWHGWRHQGWKHLUSDUWLFLSDWLRQ in UNFC. 158 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process Organizations participating in UNFC: .DFKLQ,QGHSHQGHQFH2UJDQL]DWLRQ .,2 2. Karen National Union (KNU) .DUHQQLL1DWLRQDO3URJUHVVLYH3DUW\ .133 4. Chin National Front (CNF) 5. New Mon State Party (NMSP) 6KDQ6WDWH3URJUHVVLYH3DUW\ 6633 $UDNDQ1DLRQDO&RXQFLO $1& 7D¶DQJ 3DODXQJ 6WDWH/LEHUDWLRQ)URQW 36/)71/$ 3D21DWLRQDO/LEHUDWLRQ2UJDQL]DWLRQ 312 :D1DWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ :12 11. Myanmar National Democratic Alliance (MNDA) NCCT Member Organizations 1. Karen National Union (KNU) .DFKLQ,QGHSHQGHQFH2UJDQL]DWLRQ.DFKLQ ,QGHSHQGHQFH$UP\ .,$ 6KDQ6WDWH3URJUHVVLYH3DUW\6KDQ6WDWH$UP\ 66$ 4. New Mon State Party (NMSP) .DUHQQL1DWLRQDO3URJUHVVLYH3DUW\ .133 6. Chin National Front (CNF) 3D21DWLRQDO/LEHUDWLRQ2UJDQL]DWLRQ 312 $UDNDQ1DWLRQDO&RXQFLO $1& /DKX'HPRFUDWLF8QLRQ /'8 :D1DWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ :18 7D¶DQJ 3DODXQJ 6WDWH/LEHUDWLRQ)URQW 36/)71/$ 12. Arakan Army (AA) 0\DQPDU1DWLRQDO'HPRFUDWLF$OOLDQFH$UP\±.RNDQJ Army (MNDAA) 14. Arakan Liberation Party (ALP) 'HPRFUDWLF.DUHQ%XGGKLVW$UP\ '.%$ 16. Karen Peace Council (KNU/KNLA-PC) A Reference Guide 2017-2018 159 6'PHPEHU2UJDQL]DWLRQ 1. Karen National Union (KNU) .DFKLQ ,QGHSHQGHQFH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ .DFKLQ ,QGHSHQGHQFH$UP\ .,2.,$ 6KDQ6WDWH3URJUHVVLYH3DUW\ 663366$ 4. New Mon State Party (NMSP) .DUHQQL1DWLRQDO3URJUHVVLYH3DUW\ .133 6. Chin National Front (CNF) 3D21DWLRQDO/LEHUDWLRQ2UJDQL]DWLRQ 312 $UDNDQ1DWLRQDO&RXQFLO $1& /DKX'HPRFUDWLF8QLRQ /'8 :D1DWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ :12 7D¶DQJ 3DODXQJ 1DWLRQDO/LEHUDWLRQ$UP\ 71/$ 12. Arakan Army (AA) 13. Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) 14. KNU/KNLA Peace Council (KNU/KNLA-PC) (non- UNFC) $OO%XUPD6WXGHQWV¶'HPRFUDWLF)URQW $%6') PPST Member Organizations 1. NMSP 2. LDU 160 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process United Wa State Party - UWSP Armed Gorup- United Wa State Army (UWSA) FPNCC menber $FWLYH±$SULO &HDVH¿UHDQG3HDFH3URFHVV +HDGTXDUWHUV±3DQJNKDP DOVRNQRZQDV3DQJVDQJ ဧ($2VLJQLQJDFHDVH¿UH 2SHUDWLRQ$UHDV±3DQ6DQ0DL0D3DQ:HL1DU3KDQ DJUHHPHQW Mai Pauk, Mai Yun, Ho Pan, Met Man, Mai Tone, Mai 6WHS±6WDWHOHYHODJUHHPHQW 6DW7DFKLOHLN0DL3DQ0DL A Reference Guide 2017-2018 161 8:6$ IRXQGHG WKH )HGHUDO 3ROLWLFDO 1HJRWLDWLRQ DQG CEC members – &RQVXOWDWLYH&RPPLWWHH )31&& DORQJZLWKVL[RWKHU &KDLUPDQ±%DR 3ROLWLFDO:LQJ± 8QLWHG:D6WDWH3DUW\ 8:63 *RYHUQPHQWDO5HIHUHQFHWR 7HUULWRU\± 1RUWKHUQ 6KDQ6WDWH 6SHFLDO5HJLRQ $UPHG*URXS±8QLWHG:D6WDWH Army (UWSA) $OOLDQFHV±)31&& &RQWDFW± :HEVLWHDGGUHVV 162 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process 2YHUYLHZ0DS /LDVRQ2൶FHV A Reference Guide 2017-2018 163 Group /LDLVRQRႈFHORFDWLRQ Opening date ABSDF 1. Myawaddy Unknown 2. Loikaw Unknown 3. Muse Unknown 4. Myeik Planned ALP 1. Kyauktaw, Rakhine State 03/09/2012 2. Paletwa, Chin State* Unknown 1. Tedim 25/09/2012 CNF Opened in 2013 3. Matupi 23/06/2012 4. Falam (Business) 09/06/2014 5. Mindat (Business) 09/06/2014 6. Rihkhawdar (Business) Unknown 7. Paletwa (Business) Unknown 8. Yangon Unknown DKBA 1. Myawaddy Unknown 2. Hpa-an, Karen state Unknown Kyar-In-Seik-Gyi, Kyaikdon, Three Unknown Pagoda Pass, Myain Gyi Ngu KIA 1. Myitkyina (Technical Advisory Of- 23/07/2013 ¿FH KNPP 1. Loikaw 25/07/2012 2. Shadaw 01/08/2012 3. Hpa-saung 27/07/2012 KNU 1. Pa-an 29/09/2012 2. Three Pagoda Pass 15/05/2012 3. Tavoy 10/04/2012 4. Myawaddy 18/08/2012 5. Kyaukgyi 09/04/2012 6. Thaton 05/03/ 2013 7. Mawlamyine (Business) 22/11/2013 8. Yangon (Business) Unknown 9. Hpa-an (Business) Unknown KPC Hpa-an, Reopened Myawaddy, Phoy Athounzu, Kawka- Unknown reik, Mawtaung and Kawthaung 164 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process NDAA Yangon, Taunggyi, Kengtung, Tachil- Reopened ek, and Mandalay NMSP** 1. Mawlamyaing 26/02/2012 2. Mudon 26/02/2012 3. Thanbyuzayat 26/02/2012 4. Ye 26/02/2012 5. Yaybyu (Yaphyu village) 26/02/2012 6. Three Pagoda Pass 26/02/2012 7. Kyaik Mayaw 26/02/2012 8. Zin Kyeik (Paung township) 26/02/2012 9. Myeik (Mreuik) 26/02/2012 10. Myawaddy Unknown NSCN-K 1. Khamti Unknown PNLO 1. Taunggyi 22/01/2013 2. Maukmai Opened in 2013 3. Hsihseng Opened in 2013 4. Thaton Unknown RCSS / 1. Taunggyi 22/02/2012 SSA-S 2. Kengtung 22/02/2012 3. Tachilek 29/02/2012 4. Mongtong 29/02/2012 5. Kholam 21/03/2012 6. Muse Unknown 7. Mongpan 06/03/2015 8. Namhsan Unknown SSPP / 1. Lashio Opened SSA-N 2. Taunggyi Opened 3. Kholam Opened 4. Muse Unknown UWSA Yangon Reopened Mandalay Taunggyi Kengtung Tangyang Lashio A Reference Guide 2017-2018 165 $UPHG*URXSIURPRXWRI1&$ ($2VDQG /HDGHU Date of $FWLYH Estimate $UPHG)RUFHV )RXQGDWLRQ Area members FRQÀLWV ABSDF- &RPUDGH KNU UNRA Khin september Area Kyaw 6 DKBA General Kayin state 4-5 Saw Kyaw January 16 cawkarate (BGF) Thet, Col. Saw San $XQJ SNA Sao Meim DQG Khanee, ! 2 /LDPDQG Homelin, Sao Khun 6DJDLQJ $XQJ =52=RPL 7KDQJ 5HXQL¿FDWLRQ Lian Pau 2UJDQLVDWLRQ Guite Army kuki National Pu-Letlam -XO\ ,QGLD 2UJDQLVDWLRQ ERUGHU 166 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process Local and Intrenational Supporters of Myanmar's Peace Process The Joint Peace Fund (JPF) The Nippon Foundation USAID $XVWUDOLDQ$LG (8$LG A Reference Guide 2017-2018 169 Japan - JICA 8.$LG Department for International 'HYHORSPHQW '),' 1RUZHJLDQ3HRSOH V$LG 13$ 8QLWHG1DWLRQV 81 170 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process )+, DRC IMS 7KH$VLD)RXQGDWLRQ WB A Reference Guide 2017-2018 171 1\HLQ 6KDORP )RXQGDWLRQ Karen Peace Support Network 3\LGDXQJVX,QVWLWXWH Statements on the Peace Process 5HFRUGVRIVWDWHPHQWVRQWKHSHDFHSURFHVVZLWKLQ WKHSHULRGIURPWR0DUFK 7KURXJKRXWWKHSHDFHSURFHVVWKHJRYHUQPHQWWKH7DWPDGDZDQGWKH($2VLQGLYLGXDOO\ RUFROOHFWLYHO\KDYHUHOHDVHGVWDWHPHQWVRQWKHLUDWWLWXGHVDQGGHVLUHVUHJDUGLQJFRQÀLFWDQG SHDFHLQ0\DQPDU7KH030WHDPRI%1,KDVFROOHFWHGDQ\RIWKHVWDWHPHQWVDYDLODEOH ZKLFKKDYHKDGVRPHOHYHORIUHOHYDQWLQÀXHQFHLQWKHSHDFHSURFHVV6RPHVWDWHPHQWVDOVR KDYHEHHQFROOHFWLYHWRLOOXVWUDWHSHUVSHFWLYHVRQFHUWDLQUHVXOWVRUVXEMHFWPDWWHUV ,WLVQRWHZRUWK\WKDWWKH($2V'.%$/'8DQG31/2GRQRWPDLQWDLQDSUHVHQFHRQOLQH 1063HTXDOO\GRHVQRWWHQGWRUHOHDVHR൶FLDOVWDWHPHQWVZLWKUHJDUGWRSHDFHKRZHYHU W\SLFDOO\UHVSRQVHWRPHGLDHQTXLULHV A Reference Guide 2017-2018 175 6WDWHPHQWV 6WDWHPHQWV 6WDWHPHQWV EAOs ABSDF No statement was – (1) December 14 – No statement was Web Link - found An opinion statement found until the end https://bit. regarding detained and of March. ly/2FVxM4z prosecuted Maka-Da-Ta members was released. (2) December 22 – A statement was released in response to the Tatmadaw declaring a XQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU eternal peace along with a statement of welcome to comments of NRPC. $VWDWHPHQWZDVUHOHDVHG ALP No statement was No statement was also by ALP in response FB Link – (1) found found until the end WRWKH7DWPDGDZGHFODULQJ https://bit. of March. DXQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU ly/2WOQfqd eternal peace. (2) https://bit. ly/2Vq30ai CNF No statement was (1) December 22 – (1) February 20 – A Web link - found statement was equally statement at the https://bit. released in response to occasion of the 71st ly/2UoqH6M the Tatmadaw declaring Chin National Day FB Link- https:// DXQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU was released. www.facebook. eternal peace. (2) March 20 – A com/chinnation- statement was alarmy/ release at the occa- sion of the 31st Chin Revolutionary Day. 176 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process DKBA No statement was No statement was found. No statement was found found until the end of March. 0DUFK±$VWDWHPHQW FPNCC (1) February 24 No statement was ZDVUHOHDVHGE\VHFRQG Web Link - – A statement found up until the VWDQGLQJFRPPLWWHH https://bit. was released to end of March. PHHWLQJRI)31&& ly/2uKvL61 report on the 0D\±$QR൶FLDO third roundtable VWDWHPHQWZDVUHOHDVHG meeting of EAOs DIWHUWKHGLVFXVVLRQRI in Pangkham. )31&&GHOHJDWHVZLWK (2) April 19 – A WKH6SHFLDO(QYR\RI statement was &KLQD6XQ*XR[LDQJ released on the 2FWREHU±$MRLQW fourth roundtable VWDWHPHQWZDVUHOHDVHG meeting of EAOs E\)31&&DQGWHQ6KDQ in Pangkham. FLYLOVRFLHW\JURXSVRQ (3) May 17 – An IUHHLQJ1DQ0R+ZDP opinion state- 2FWREHU±$VWDWH- ment on the ment on the tripartite second session of PHHWLQJRI1&$6 the 21st Century ($2VJRYHUQPHQWDQG Panglong Union 7DWPDGDZLQ1D\S\LGDZ Peace Confer- ZDVUHOHDVHG ence was re- 'HFHPEHU±$VWDWH- leased. PHQWZDVUHOHDVHGLQ (4) August 24 – A UHVSRQVHWRWKH7DWPDG- statement was DZGHFODULQJDXQLODW- released by the HUDOFHDVH¿UHIRUHWHUQDO ¿UVWVWDQGLQJ peace. committee meet- ing of NCC. A Reference Guide 2017-2018 177 KIO February 16 – A – (1) February 18 – a (1) March 21 – A Web Link - joint statement was statement was released joint statement with https://bit. released by KNU after the meeting be- NRPC released. ly/2K97UHQ and KIO on contem- tween the a delegation porary political and led by the KIO central peace affairs. committee chairman and Lt. Gen. Htun Htun Naung on behalf of the Commander-in-Chief. (2) December 22 – A statement was released in response to the Tatmadaw declaring a XQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU eternal peace. 178 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process KNPP (1) April 19 – A (1) March 7 – A state- An open letter FB Link - statement was ment was released regarding the public https://bit. released follow- following the bilat- protests against the ly/2FPOwdw ing the fourth eral meeting between bronze statue of roundtable KNPP’s peace com- General Aung San in meeting of mittee and the Peace Loikaw was issued. EAOs. Commission (PC). (2) May 18 – A (2) April 25 – A state- statement was ment was released released fol- IROORZLQJWKHRI¿FLDO ORZLQJWKH¿UVW meeting of KNPP’s central commit- peace committee and tee roundtable the Peace Commis- meeting of 13th sion. Party Congress. (3) October 21 – A state- (3) December 18 ment of concern with – A statement regard to the con- was released by frontation between KNPP to inform Tatmadaw and the about its policy Karenni Army was and stance on released. the Karenni (4) December 24 – A people. statement was re- (4) December 22 leased in response – A statement to the Tatmadaw was issued to declaring a unilateral condemn lawless FHDVH¿UHIRUHWHUQDO persecution and peace. killings. (5) December 26 – A statement condemning the unlawful detain- ment of three KNPP members and one civilian was issued. A Reference Guide 2017-2018 179 KNU (1) February 16 – A – (1) May 9 – A state- Web Link - joint statement ment of concern with https://bit. was released by regard to expansion ly/2UBk1Ba KNU and KIO on of the activities the contemporary Tatmadaw in Hpapun District was released. FB Link - political and (2) May 17 – KNU state- https://www. peace affairs. ment on the informal facebook.com/ (2) May 20 – A meeting between KNU knuheadquar- statement was and Tatmadaw. WHUVRI¿FLDO released (3) July 10- KNU state- following the ment on the attend- ¿UVWFHQWUDO ance of the Union standing Peace Conference committee (third meeting). meeting after (4) October 6 – State- the 16th KNU ment released regard- Congress. ing the 5th central (3) June 23 – A standing committee’s emergency meeting. review of the (5) October 17 – State- peace process ment on the exclusive was issued by meeting between KNU. NCA-S EAOs and gov- (4) October 15 – A ernment. statement on the (6) October29 – Statement 2nd anniversary on a post that went of the NCA viral on social media. signing (7) November 10 – State- ceremony was ment released follow- issued. ing the 6th central standing committee emergency meeting. (8) December 15 – KNU statement of concern regarding the limited land tenure rights granted by the Myan- mar government. (9) December 22 – A statement was released in response to the Tatmadaw declaring a XQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU eternal peace. 180 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process LDU – No statement was March 21 – Statement No statement was found. released following the 8th found until the end LDU conference. of March. MA/Tatmadaw (1) September December 21 – State- (1) January 25 Web Link - 1 – Statement ment on unilateral cease- – Further state- http://cincds. on the attacks ¿UHLQ0\DQPDU¶VQRUWK ment clarifying gov.mm/Tat- of AA insurgents for eternal peace. the statement madaw%20 released by the RIFHDVH¿UHDQG True%20News Tatmadaw. eternal peace. (2) November (2) February 26 13 – Statement – Statement of RQ¿QGLQJVRI encouragement investigation to the civilian can team with regard complain in case to action of of persecutions security members in disguise of to violence in Tatmadaw. Maungdaw (3) March 31 – region. Statement on the construction of the Muthe Bridge in Kyaukkyi Town- ship. (4) March 31 – Statement condemning fake news propagated by AA. (5) April 3 – State- ment of encour- aging the civilian population to provide evidence for investigations to a court formed by the Tatmadaw. A Reference Guide 2017-2018 181 NAB (1) January 23 – (1) February 3 – State- Web Link - Statement on ment condemning the https://bit. the peace talks offenses of the Tat- ly/2VqOHTc of the Northern madaw the group also Alliance Burma. affecting civilians. (2) May 8 – Statement regarding the ongo- ing offensesin Kachin State by the Tat- madaw. (3) November 5 – State- ment of notice to early warning the people the stepping up of offensive at- tacks by Tatmadaw. (4) December 12 – Joint Statement of MNTJP, PSLF and ULA ex- pressing commitment to carry on with the peace process. (5) December 24 – Joint Statement of MNTJP, PSLF and ULA regard- ing the statement on FHDVH¿UHIRUHWHUQDO peace issued by the Tatmadaw on Decem- ber 21. (6) December 27 – State- ment calling for a halt of all military operation at the same time, as offered in the statement released by Tatmadaw on Decem- ber 21. 182 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process NCA-S EAOs August 10 – State- (1) September 11 – March 7 – State- (PPST) ment on current Statement released ment released after Web Link - political affairs following the the third the PPST (3/20119) https://bit. released after PPST summit of NCA-S EAO special meeting. ly/2UjNCQg meeting. (2) October 10 – State- FB Link - ment on discussions to https://bit. ¿QGVROXWLRQVWRRYHU- ly/2VsS38g come the deadlock of the peace process. (3) October 16 – State- ment regarding points of agreement released following the exclusive meeting between gov- ernment and NCA-S EAOs. NDAA – No statement was – December 21 – State- – No exclusive state- found. ment of MNTJP, PSLF ment was found and ULA welcoming until the end of the statement on a March. But NDAA XQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU and NRPC jointly eternal peace issued released a state- by the Tatmadaw on ment after the December 21 meeting on March 21. NMSP -No statement was - No statement was No statement was Web Link - found found found https://bit. ly/2uKwXGF FB Link - htt- ps://www.face- book.com/new- monstateparty/ A Reference Guide 2017-2018 183 NRPC (1) February 14 – (1) February 23 – Press March 21 – Joint Web Link – (1) Statement on release on the explo- statement released https://bit. the formation of sion of a land mine in following the meet- ly/2YSo8In national levela Lashio. ing between NRPC (2) https://bit. political dialogue (2) April 30 – Joint state- and NCA-NS EAOs. ment on points of ly/2YSDtbZ supervision agreements obtained committee for from a meeting be- - Bago Regions tween the Peace Com- and Shan State. mission and KNPP. (2) February 16 – (3) July 16 – Statement Statement on on points of agree- the formation ment obtained at the of working third 21st Century committees for Panglong Union Peace UPDJC. Conference. (Union (3) February 20 – Accord Part-2) (4) Sept- Statement on ember 10 – Statement formation of on the detainment of Nan Mo Hwan by TNLA. national level (5) October 16 – State- political dialogue ment released following supervision the exclusive meeting committee for between government Chin State. and NCA-S EAOs. (4) March 6 – Press (6) December 21 – State- released on ment of welcome to ¿JKWLQJRFFXUUHG the statement to solve in Laukkai area in WKHPLOLWDU\FRQÀLFW Shan State. and political issues (5) Statement through dialogues by on points of MNTJP, PSLF and ULA. agreement (7) December 21 – State- ment of welcome to obtained at the the statement issued second 21st E\WKH2I¿FHRIWKH Century Panglong Commander-in-Chief. Union Peace (8) July 11 – Statement of Conference. political partiesof UPDJC (Union Accord regarding a speech giv- Part-1) en by Rakhine National Party Vice President at the inauguration of 21st Century Panglong meet- ing (third session). 184 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process PNLO No statement was May 20 – Statement was No statement was found. released following the found. 13th central committee roundtable meeting of ¿UVW31/2FRQIHUHQFH 3UHVLGHQW2I¿FH (1) February 20 (1) March 23 - State- No exclusive state- Web Link - – Statement ments on the forma- ment was issued in http://www. was released tion of a national relation to EAOs. But SUHVLGHQWRI¿FH by Commission level political dialogue there are replies to gov.mm/? q = of Inquiry in supervision committee questions of media EULH¿QJURRP Maungdaw of for Mon State. over current peace statements- Rakhine state. (2) July 30 – Statement affairs and ongoing and-releases (2) March 30 – on formation of an ¿JKWV Statement on the independent Com- progress of po- mission of Inquiry litical dialogues. after violent attacks (State Counselor by ARSA in Rakhine 2I¿FH State. (3) August 24 – Statement on the ¿QDOUHSRUWRI Rakhine Advisory Commission. (4) November 7 – Statement of the Ministry of the State Counselor 2I¿FHUHJDUG- ing a statement released by UN on November 6, 2017. A Reference Guide 2017-2018 185 PSLF/TNLA (1) January 7 (1) January 17 – State- (1) January 4 – Web Link - – Statement ment released follow- Statement of https://bit. from anniversary ing the annual central condemn the ly/2uMghOT meeting of TNLA meeting of PSLF/ expansion of central commit- TNLA. Tatmadaw-con- tee. (2) January 26 – State- trolled territory. (2) June 1 – State- ment on the pre- (2) January 12 – ment on a video meeting between Statement on clip showing a PSLF/TNLA and RCSS/ 56th Ta Ao Revo- case of human SSA on January 22. lution Day. right abuses that 0D\±%ULH¿QJ (3) January 15 went viral on on the reasons of an – Statement social media. attack against a ca- released follow- (3) June 27 – State- sino owned by a local ing the central ment on detain- militia at the Sino- committee ment of report- Myanmar border. annual meeting ers who covered (4) August 6 – Statement of the Palaung the event of the RQ¿QGLQJVUHJDUGLQJ State Liberation international the killing of six TNLA Front. anti-drug cam- female medical staff. (4) March 21 – paign day. (5) August 27 – State- Statement from a (4) October 11 – ment of welcome to meeting with the Statement on the proposal of the Peace Commis- the accusation UN Fact-Finding Mis- sion, which was of defense chief sion to investigate jointly issued RI¿FHWKDWWKH war crime allegations with NRPC. ammunitions and of Tatmadaw leaders. drugs possessed (6) July 31 – Statement by TNLA were on peace affairs detained released by central committee meeting (convening twice a year). 186 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process RCSS/SSA (1) February 23 (1) January 8 – Statement (1) January 29 Web Link - – Statement re- on the national level – Statement https://bit. leased following political dialogues re- released following ly/2uM2Nmj the 17th annual leased by Shan groups. the 19th annual meeting. (2) February 7 – Statement meeting. (2) March 3 – State- regarding the 71st Shan (2) March 1 – State- ment on the National Day. ment on unity of formation of a (3) February 22 – Statement RCSS and SSPP. peace commit- released following the (3) March 21 tee. second congress of – Statement (3) May 21 – State- RCSS. (2/2019) was ment of opinion (4) January 8 – Statement released follow- regarding the on national level politi- ing the RCSS second 21st Cen- cal dialogues of the CEC emergency tury Panglong Shan released by RCSS. meeting. Union Peace (5) October 25 – Statement Conference. on non-secession from (4) June 19 – State- the union and on the ment on the sec- formation of a Union ond 21st Century Army. Panglong Union (6) November 1 – State- Peace Confer- ment on JMC-U/S/L ence. meetings at all levels. (7) November 12 – State- ment released following the RCSS CEC meeting. (8) December 21 – State- ment on the demonstra- tion of a mob named Pa Ai in Loilem. (9) December 22 – A state- ment was released in response to the Tat- madaw declaring a uni- ODWHUDO FHDVH¿UH IRU eternal peace. (10) December 25 – State- ment on clashes in Northern Shan State. A Reference Guide 2017-2018 187 SSPP/SSA (1) July 26 – State- (1) January 14 – State- (1) January 8 – Web Link - ment on contem- ment released fol- Statement re- https://ssppssa. porary political lowing 2017 annual garding the 2018 org/ and peace affairs meeting of the SSPP annual meeting of FB Link – as well as future central committee. SSPP central com- https://bit. plans following (2) December 2 – State- mittee. ly/2WOell2 the SSA central ment released follow- (2) March 21 – committee meet- ing the fourth SSPP Statement from ing. congress. the meeting with (3) December 22 – A the Peace Com- statement was re- mission, which leased by SSPP in was jointly issued response to the with NRPC. Tatmadaw declaring a XQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UHIRU eternal peace. ULA/AA No statement was (1) January 17 – State- – (1) February 6 Web Link - found’ ment on the refusal ±1RWL¿FDWLRQ https://bit. to commemorate the was released to ly/2Vn7vTe 233rd anniversary of transportation the fall of the Rakhine business own- Kingdom in front of ers and civilian 0UDXN8*$'RI¿FH car owners in (2) September 15 – Rakhine State. Statement to notes (2) February 8 – people make discrimi- 1RWL¿FDWLRQ nation intentionally was released to against Rakhine na- Myanmar police tional around Myan- members in mar with racial hatred. Rakhine State. (3) March 21 – Statement from a meeting with the Peace Com- mission, which was jointly issued with NRPC. 188 Deciphering Myanmar’s Peace Process UNFC (1) January 27 1) January 24 – State- Web Link - – Statement ment on signing the https://bit. released follow- NCA. ly/2K97voO ing UNFC’s CEC (2) February 25 – State- FB Link - emergency meet- ment released by the https://bit. ing. regular council meet- ly/2WKS1sv (2) April 9 – State- ing of UNFC. ment released (3) August 26 – State- by following the ment released by summit of EAOs. UNFC’s CEC meeting. (3) May 23 – State- ment on the sec- ond 21st Century Panglong UPC. (4) June 29 – State- ment of UNFC’s third term and second confer- ence for next nomination name lists. (5) December 11 – Statement of opinion with regard to the current peace process. UWSA No statements was December 22 – State- (1) March 21 – found. ment by which UWSA Statement from announced that they a meeting with welcome the statement the Peace Com- by MNTJP, PSLF, ULA, PC mission was on December 12 and the jointly issued with VWDWHPHQWRIWKH2I¿FHRI NRPC. the Commander-in-Chief RQDXQLODWHUDOFHDVH¿UH for eternal peace. UWSA expresses active partici- pation in these matters. A Reference Guide 2017-2018 189